Fabric capable of dynamically adjusting air permeability

Abstract

The invention discloses a fabric capable of dynamically adjusting air permeability, and relates to the technical field of functional textiles. The fabric comprises a fabric base material layer and a functional coating, the fabric base material layer is made of nylon spandex woven fabric or polyester woven fabric; according to the scheme, the fabric can achieve the dynamic humidity response capability of the material, and after the fabric is finished into a machine-made fabric, rapid deformation response after the fabric is wetted is achieved; after testing, the arching center angle of the fabric is larger than or equal to 90 degrees, and the air permeability adjusting efficiency is remarkably improved; the preparation method comprises the following steps: synergistically compounding 100-200ppm of silver ions and a waterborne polyurethane adhesive with the solid content of 15-25%, or synergistically compounding an organic quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent with the solid content of 30-60% and waterborne polyacrylic acid with the solid content of 30-40%; by combining a flat screen printing one-step process, a uniform functional coating is formed on the surface of the nylon spandex / polyester, so that the fabric has long-acting antibacterial property and has a wet response intelligent opening and closing function; ventilation can be improved, heat dissipation of a human body is accelerated, and wearing comfort is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of functional textiles, and particularly relates to a fabric with dynamically adjustable air permeability. Background Art

[0002] The demand in the sports clothing market continues to grow, and functional sports fabrics have become the focus of industry research and development. Currently, commercially available sports fabrics mainly rely on the moisture absorption and quick-drying characteristics of synthetic fibers such as polyester fiber and nylon, and achieve sweat conduction through capillary action and fiber surface modification. However, the traditional technical solutions have obvious functional limitations. In the scenario where the human body sweats a lot, it often leads to the accumulation of moisture inside the clothing, forming a humid and stuffy environment, making the clothing stick to the skin and having poor heat dissipation. Such an environment not only makes people feel uncomfortable, but also causes inconvenience to activities such as outdoor sports, lacking the function of intelligent response to control heat and moisture. The traditional moisture absorption and quick-drying fabrics have a functional limit and cannot meet the sweating needs of the human body during high-intensity exercise.

[0003] Based on the above deficiencies, the present invention proposes a fabric capable of dynamically adjusting air permeability. Utilizing the characteristics of the amphiphilic polyurethane / polyacrylic acid polymer material to expand and elongate after absorbing moisture, compounding raw materials such as adhesives, thickeners, and antibacterial agents to prepare a humidity-sensitive functional finishing solution, and finishing it on a weakly moisture-absorbing synthetic fiber woven fabric (such as polyester, nylon, etc.). Due to the large difference in moisture absorption and expansion between the humidity-sensitive functional layer and the matrix material, the automatic curling response of the fabric is realized. When made into sports clothing, it can automatically absorb moisture and expand to form cavities when the human body sweats a lot, and air quickly circulates through the cavities, achieving the effect of rapid sweat evaporation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fabric with dynamically adjustable air permeability. Aiming at the current market demand for textile fabrics to be automatically adjustable when encountering moisture, the fabric can expand to form cavities when encountering moisture, thereby increasing the gap between the fabric and the human skin, accelerating the evaporation of moisture while maintaining good air permeability, ensuring a comfortable experience for the wearer, and thus solving the problems in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fabric with dynamically adjustable air permeability of the present invention includes a fabric base material layer and a functional finishing solution coated on the surface of the fabric base material layer;

[0007] The fabric base material layer is made of a nylon spandex woven fabric or a polyester woven fabric. The nylon spandex woven fabric uses the nylon spandex of Zhejiang Huachang New Materials Co., Ltd., and is specifically made by blending 85% of nylon and 15% of spandex; the polyester woven fabric uses the polyester fabric manufactured by Suzhou Muchuantian Textile Co., Ltd.

[0008] The fabric with dynamically adjustable air permeability adopts the following preparation process:

[0009] S1. Preparation of finishing liquid: Dissolve polyurethane resin or polyacrylic resin with a solid content of 8% - 12% in deionized water. After stirring with a magnetic stirrer, add a thickener such as xanthan gum or sodium alginate powder, and stir at a constant speed for 20 - 40 min under the condition of a constant temperature water bath. Heat and stir at 45 - 55 °C until a uniform viscous colloid is formed. After ensuring complete dissolution, add an antibacterial agent and a polyurethane binder with a solid content of 15% - 25%. Adjust the viscosity with deionized water, and then perform ultrasonic dispersion for 10 - 20 min using an ultrasonic disperser to obtain the finishing liquid;

[0010] S2. Fabric finishing: Fix the fabric substrate layer flat on the printing table, and use a flat screen printing machine with a mesh number of 80 - 120 meshes to print the flat screen printing stencil, coat the finishing liquid, and a functional coating is formed at the coating position. Control the coating amount to be 30 - 50 g / m 2 , with a pre-drying temperature of 75 - 85 °C and a pre-drying time of 5 min. Then, dry it under hot air using a hot air dryer to obtain the fabric with corresponding dynamically adjustable air permeability.

[0011] Further, when the fabric substrate layer is made of nylon - spandex woven fabric, a hydrophilic polyurethane resin with a solid content of 12% is used in the preparation process, the thickener is xanthan gum with a concentration of 0.5% - 2%, the antibacterial agent is a solution containing 100 - 200 ppm silver ions, and the polyurethane binder is an aqueous polyurethane binder with a solid content of 20%.

[0012] Further, on the printing platform, for the fabric substrate layer, use an 80 - mesh flat screen printing stencil, and the pressure of the squeegee is 3.5 kg / cm 2 , the coating amount is 40 g / m 2 , the pre-drying temperature is 80 °C, the pre-drying time is 5 min, and the hot air drying temperature is 110 °C, and the hot air drying time is 30 min to fully crosslink the polyurethane resin.

[0013] Further, when the fabric substrate layer is made of polyester woven fabric, polyacrylic resin is used in the preparation process, the thickener is sodium alginate powder, and stir at a speed of 800 rpm for 40 min under the condition of a 45 °C constant temperature water bath to ensure that the sodium alginate molecules are fully hydrated and swollen; the antibacterial agent is an organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt DC - 5700 type antibacterial agent, and the polyurethane binder is an acrylic - modified polyurethane adhesive.

[0014] Further, on the printing platform, for the fabric substrate layer, use a 120 - mesh flat screen printing stencil, the squeegee angle is 60°, control the coating amount to be 35 g / m 2 , with an infrared pre-drying temperature of 85 °C, a pre-drying time of 5 min, a hot air drying temperature of 105 °C, and a hot air drying time of 35 min.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0016] (1) This solution uses polyurethane or polyacrylate high molecular polymers with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments to achieve the dynamic humidity response ability of the material, enabling the fabric to quickly deform when wet. After testing, the central angle of the arch of the fabric is ≥90°, significantly improving the ventilation adjustment efficiency.

[0017] (2) This solution combines the synergistic compounding of 100 - 200 ppm silver ions and a waterborne polyurethane binder with a solid content of 15% - 25%, and combines with the one-step process of flat screen printing to form a uniform functional coating on the surface of nylon / spandex / polyester, making the fabric have long-term antibacterial properties. The antibacterial rate is ≥70% after 50 washes, and it also has a wet-responsive intelligent opening and closing function.

[0018] (3) Using xanthan gum with a concentration of 0.5% - 2% as a thickener and drying conditions of 100 - 120°C for 20 - 40 minutes ensures the stable loading and durability of the functional components. While simplifying the process flow, it breaks through the limitations of the single function of traditional textiles, providing an innovative solution with high safety and high comfort for fields such as intelligent protective clothing and sports apparel.

[0019] (4) The present invention includes a base fabric and a functional layer, which are combined through a flat screen printing process. In the flat screen printing process, the functional finishing agent is a mixture of waterborne polyurethane, waterborne polyacrylate, thickener, waterborne binder, antibacterial agent, penetrant, and water in a certain proportion, improving the combination with the woven fabric and extending the service life of the product; the fabric can be used to make coats, windbreakers, etc., effectively avoiding the stuffy feeling and peculiar smell when sweating while wearing clothes, increasing ventilation, accelerating heat dissipation of the human body, and enhancing the comfort of wearing the clothing.

[0020] Of course, it is not necessary for any product implementing the present invention to achieve all the above-mentioned advantages simultaneously. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of a fabric with dynamically adjustable ventilation of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a physical photo of the fabric with dynamically adjustable ventilation of the present invention in a dry and flat state;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a physical photo of a dynamic adjustable breathable fabric of the present invention in a wet-curled state;

[0025] In the attached drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0026] 1 - Fabric substrate layer, 2 - Functional coating. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the attached drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] As Figures 1-3 shown, a dynamic adjustable breathable fabric of the present invention includes a fabric substrate layer and a functional coating coated on the surface of the fabric substrate layer;

[0029] The fabric substrate layer is made of a nylon-spandex woven fabric or a polyester woven fabric. The nylon-spandex woven fabric uses the nylon-spandex of Zhejiang Huachang New Materials Co., Ltd., and is specifically made by blending 85% nylon and 15% spandex; the polyester woven fabric uses the polyester fabric manufactured by Suzhou Muchuantian Textile Co., Ltd.

[0030] The dynamic adjustable breathable fabric adopts the following preparation process:

[0031] S1. Preparation of finishing solution: Dissolve a polyurethane resin or a polyacrylic acid resin with a solid content of 8% - 12% in deionized water, add a thickener of xanthan gum or sodium alginate powder after stirring with a magnetic stirrer, and stir at a constant speed for 20 - 40 min under the condition of a constant temperature water bath. Heat and stir at 45 - 55 °C until a uniform viscous colloid is formed. After ensuring full dissolution, add an antibacterial agent and a polyurethane binder with a solid content of 15% - 25%, and adjust the viscosity with deionized water. Then, perform ultrasonic dispersion for 10 - 20 min with an ultrasonic disperser to obtain the finishing solution;

[0032] S2. Fabric finishing: Fix the fabric substrate layer flat on the printing table, perform flat screen printing on the flat screen printing machine with a mesh number of 80 - 120 meshes, coat the finishing solution, and a functional coating is formed at the coating position. Control the coating amount to be 30 - 50 g / m 2 , the pre-drying temperature is 75 - 85 °C, and the pre-drying time is 5 min. Then, dry it under hot air with a hot air dryer to obtain the corresponding dynamic adjustable breathable fabric.

[0033] Among them, when the fabric base layer uses a nylon spandex woven fabric, a hydrophilic polyurethane resin with a solid content of 12% is used in the preparation process, the thickener uses xanthan gum with a concentration of 0.5% - 2%, the antibacterial agent uses a solution containing 100 - 200 ppm of silver ions, and the polyurethane adhesive uses an aqueous polyurethane adhesive with a solid content of 20%.

[0034] Among them, the fabric base layer is on the printing platform, using an 80-mesh flat screen printing stencil, and the squeegee pressure is 3.5 kg / cm 2 , and the coating amount is 40 g / m 2 , the pre-drying temperature is 80 °C, the pre-drying time is 5 min, the hot air drying temperature is 110 °C, and the hot air drying time is 30 min, so that the polyurethane resin is fully crosslinked.

[0035] Among them, when the fabric base layer uses a polyester woven fabric, polyacrylic resin is used in the preparation process, the thickener uses sodium alginate powder, and it is stirred at a speed of 800 rpm for 40 min under the condition of a 45 °C constant temperature water bath to ensure that the polysaccharide molecules are fully hydrated and expanded; the antibacterial agent uses an organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt DC-5700 type antibacterial agent, and the polyurethane adhesive uses an acrylic modified polyurethane adhesive.

[0036] Among them, the fabric base layer is on the printing platform, using a 120-mesh flat screen printing stencil, the squeegee angle is 60°, and the coating amount is controlled at 35 g / m 2 , the infrared pre-drying temperature is 85 °C, the pre-drying time is 5 min, the hot air drying temperature is 105 °C, and the hot air drying time is 35 min.

[0037] Example 1: Polyurethane-based moisture-responsive antibacterial fabric

[0038] Step 1: Preparation of the finishing solution

[0039] Take 40 g of hydrophilic polyurethane (solid content 12%), add 375 g of deionized water, stir magnetically for 30 min, then add 1.5 g of xanthan gum, stir until completely dissolved at 50 °C, then add 20 g of a solution containing 150 ppm of silver ions, and finally add 60 g of an aqueous polyurethane adhesive (solid content 20%); ultrasonic dispersion for 15 min.

[0040] Step 2: Fabric finishing:

[0041] Fix the nylon spandex fabric on the printing platform, use an 80-mesh flat screen printing stencil, and the squeegee pressure is 3.5 kg / cm 2 , print the finishing solution, control the coating amount at 40 g / m 2 (adjusted by the stencil mesh number and squeegee parameters), pre-dry with hot air at 80 °C for 5 min and then dry at 110 °C for 30 min to fully crosslink the polyurethane.

[0042] The performance of the fabric prepared by the above specific implementation method can reach: air permeability 698.34 mm / s, moisture permeability 7682.45 g / m 2 ²·24h, wet response speed 4.2 s, initial antibacterial rate (Staphylococcus aureus): 98.7%, antibacterial rate after 50 washes: 85.3%.

[0043] Example 2: Preparation of polyacrylic acid-based wet-responsive antibacterial fabric

[0044] Step 1, preparation process

[0045] First, 15 g of polyacrylic acid was completely dissolved in 300 g of deionized water to form a homogeneous solution. Then, 2 g of sodium alginate powder was added, and the mixture was stirred at 800 rpm for 40 min under the condition of a 45°C constant temperature water bath to ensure that the polysaccharide molecules were fully hydrated and swollen. Then, 1.5 g of organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt DC-5700 antibacterial agent and 8 g of acrylic acid-modified polyurethane binder were added in sequence. 73.5 g of deionized water was added to adjust the viscosity, and the mixture was dispersed for 20 min by an ultrasonic cell disruptor at 20 kHz and 500 W power to prepare a humidity-sensitive finishing solution.

[0046] Step 2, fabric finishing

[0047] The polyester fabric was fixed flat on the printing table. A 120-mesh flat screen printing stencil was used, the blade angle was 60°, and the coating amount was controlled at 35 g / m 2 , infrared pre-dried at 85°C for 5 min and then hot air dried at 105°C for 35 min.

[0048] The performance of the fabric prepared by the above specific implementation method can reach: air permeability: 653.27 mm / s, moisture permeability: 7128.93 g / m 2 ²·24h, wet response speed: 5.1 s, initial antibacterial rate (Escherichia coli): 97.2%, antibacterial rate after 50 washes: 78.6%, as shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1 Physical properties of smart fabrics

[0050]

[0051] In this solution, the raw materials used are of the following specific models:

[0052] Hydrophilic polyurethane HydroMed D3, AdvanSource Biomaterials Co., Ltd., USA; xanthan gum, Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd.; waterborne polyurethane binder (YC-235), Anhui Yuanchen New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; silver ion antibacterial agent ( AGL silver antibacterial finishing agent, Ningbo Rudolph Textile Chemical Co., Ltd.; hydrophilic polyacrylic acid, Wuhan Shiquanxing Polyurethane Technology Co., Ltd.; sodium alginate, Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd.; waterborne acrylic modified polyurethane adhesive (HT-8310), Hefei Hengtian New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; penetrant JFC, Nantong Yongle Chemical Co., Ltd.; textile fabric substrate: nylon / spandex (nylon / spandex blend, 85 / 15) woven fabric, Zhejiang Huachang New Material Co., Ltd.; polyester woven fabric, Suzhou Muchuantian Textiles Co., Ltd.

[0053] The experimental instruments include: preparation of finishing solution: magnetic stirrer, ultrasonic disperser, rotational viscometer;

[0054] Fabric treatment: flat screen printing machine (mesh count 80 - 120 mesh), hot air dryer;

[0055] Testing instruments: electronic tensile testing machine, moisture permeability tester, air permeability tester, antibacterial zone measuring instrument, washing machine.

[0056] Through performance testing, the air permeability of the woven fabric was measured to be 653.27 mm / s, and the moisture permeability rate was 7128.93 g / m 2 ·24h; Through testing with a dynamic moisture adsorption instrument, the deformation recovery speed of the fabric under humidity changes was measured. The swelling and arching speed of the fabric when wet was ≤5 s, and the central angle of the arch was ≥90°; Through the antibacterial property test of the fabric, the antibacterial rates of the nylon / spandex and polyester substrates against common bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could reach 95% - 99.9%, meeting the AATCC 100 or ISO 20743 standards. After 50 washes, the antibacterial rate of the nylon / spandex substrate remained at 80% - 90%, and the antibacterial rate of the polyester substrate remained at 70% - 85%. Compared with common antibacterial fabrics, the initial antibacterial rate increased by 10% - 20%, and the retention rate of the antibacterial rate after 50 washes doubled, with excellent wash resistance.

[0057] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By using polyurethane or polyacrylic acid high molecular polymers with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain segments designed in the present invention, the dynamic humidity response ability of the material is realized, and the fabric can rapidly deform after getting wet (the central angle of arching ≥ 90°), significantly improving the air permeability adjustment efficiency. At the same time, through the synergistic compounding of silver ions (100 - 200 ppm) and waterborne polyurethane adhesives (solid content of 15% - 25%), or polyacrylic acid (solid content of 30% - 40%) and organic quaternary ammonium salts (solid content of 30% - 60%), combined with the one-step process of screen printing, a uniform functional coating is formed on the surface of nylon / spandex and polyester, making the fabric have both long-term antibacterial properties (the antibacterial rate ≥ 70% after 50 washes) and a wet-responsive intelligent opening and closing function. In addition, the xanthan gum thickening system (0.5% - 2%) and the optimization of the drying process (100 - 120 °C, 20 - 40 min) ensure the stable loading and durability of the functional components. While simplifying the process flow, it breaks through the limitations of the single function of traditional textiles and provides an innovative solution with high safety and high comfort for fields such as intelligent protective clothing and sportswear.

[0058] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the relevant technical fields can understand and utilize the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A fabric with dynamically adjustable air permeability, characterized in that: It comprises a fabric base material layer (1) and a functional coating (2) coated on the surface of the fabric base material layer (1); The fabric base material layer (1) is made of nylon-spandex woven fabric or polyester woven fabric; The dynamically adjustable air permeability fabric adopts the following preparation process: S1. Preparation of finishing liquid: disperse a polyurethane resin or polyacrylic acid resin with a solid content of 8% to 12% in deionized water, add a thickener of xanthan gum or sodium alginate powder after stirring with a magnetic stirrer, and stir at a constant speed for 20 to 40 minutes in a constant temperature water bath, heat and stir at 45 to 55° C. until a uniform viscous colloid is formed, add an antibacterial agent and a polyurethane adhesive with a solid content of 15% to 25% after ensuring full dissolution, add deionized water to adjust the viscosity, and then ultrasonically disperse for 10 to 20 minutes to obtain a finishing liquid; S2. Fabric finishing: The fabric base material layer (1) is fixed flat on the printing table, and a flat screen printing screen is used by a flat screen printing machine with a mesh number of 80 to 120, and the finishing liquid is applied to form a functional coating (2) at the coating position. The coating amount is controlled to be 30 to 50 g / m2, the pre-baking temperature is 75 to 85°C, the pre-baking time is 5 minutes, and then the fabric is dried under hot air to obtain the fabric with corresponding dynamically adjustable air permeability.

2. The fabric for dynamically adjusting air permeability according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the fabric substrate layer (1) is made of nylon spandex woven fabric, a hydrophilic polyurethane resin with a solid content of 12% is used in the preparation process, a thickener with a concentration of 0.5% to 2% xanthan gum is used, an antibacterial agent is a solution containing 100 to 200 ppm of silver ions, and a polyurethane adhesive is an aqueous polyurethane adhesive with a solid content of 20%.

3. A fabric for dynamically adjusting air permeability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fabric substrate layer (1) is placed on a printing platform using an 80-mesh flat screen printing screen with a scraper pressure of 3.5 kg / cm 2 , coating weight is 40g / m 2 , the pre-baking temperature is 80°C, the pre-baking time is 5 minutes, the hot air drying temperature is 110°C, and the hot air drying time is 30 minutes, so that the polyurethane resin is fully cross-linked.

4. The fabric for dynamically adjusting air permeability according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the fabric substrate layer (1) is made of polyester woven fabric, polyacrylic acid resin is used in the preparation process, and sodium alginate powder is used as a thickener. The mixture is stirred at 800 rpm for 40 minutes in a constant temperature water bath at 45°C to ensure that the sodium alginate is fully hydrated and expanded; the antibacterial agent is organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt DC-5700, and the adhesive is acrylic modified polyurethane adhesive.

5. The fabric for dynamically adjusting air permeability according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fabric substrate layer (1) is placed on a printing platform, using a 120-mesh flat screen printing screen, a scraper angle of 60°, and a controlled coating amount of 35 g / m 2 The infrared pre-baking temperature is 85℃, the pre-baking time is 5min, the hot air drying temperature is 105℃, and the hot air drying time is 35min.

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