Underwater hard rock blasting system and blasting construction method

Abstract

The underwater hard rock blasting system comprises a comprehensive detonating system used for detonating explosives, and the comprehensive detonating system comprises a non-electric nonel detonator compound detonating network and an electronic detonator compound detonating network which are independently arranged; a plurality of blast holes are formed in the rock plug, the non-electric nonel detonator compound detonating network comprises nonel detonators arranged in the blast holes and delay explosion propagation detonators arranged outside the detonating holes, and the electronic detonator compound detonating network comprises electronic detonators arranged in the blast holes. Each detonating tube primer detonator, each delay explosion propagation detonator and each primer detonator are provided with delay detonation time; the plurality of nonel detonators and the plurality of electronic detonators are arranged in one-to-one correspondence on the point positions of the mounting plane, and the detonating time of any nonel detonator is the same as the detonating time of the electronic detonator on the corresponding point position. The detonation success rate in the underwater hard rock environment can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting, and particularly relates to an underwater hard rock blasting system and a blasting construction method. Background Art

[0002] Upstream is a water storage reservoir, and downstream is a water conveyance tunnel. The water conveyance tunnel is used for supplying water to the municipal area and replenishing water to the water source pool reservoir, and also takes into account the emergency irrigation of agriculture along the line. It is a relatively common construction project in water conservancy projects. After the excavation of the water conveyance tunnel is completed, a certain thickness of rock mass, namely a rock plug, is reserved. After the construction of the downstream water conveyance tunnel is completed, the reserved rock plug is blasted through at one time to connect the water conveyance tunnel with the reservoir.

[0003] The rock plug blasting is under the pressure of dozens of meters of water depth. Therefore, the main difficulty of the rock plug blasting is that the rock plug body needs to be safely blasted through and formed at one time, and after the water inlet is blasted through and formed, it must meet the requirements of permanent operation, and the rock mass above the water inlet cannot collapse and block.

[0004] The non-electric detonator complex initiation network has many application examples in China, but this system has defects. That is, after the network connection is completed, the overall verification of each hole cannot be carried out, and only the surface appearance inspection can be used to determine whether it is safe. The electronic detonator initiation technology can accurately control the initiation time by installing a microchip in the electronic detonator, and at the same time has a low misfiring risk, and is widely used in blasting engineering. However, when the electronic detonator contacts water or is affected by various currents, the electronic detonator initiation technology is prone to failure.

[0005] Under the complex working conditions of the above-mentioned deep water hard rock, the initiation reliability of the non-electric detonator complex initiation network and the electronic detonator initiation technology will be correspondingly reduced, which will cause risks to the smooth progress of the blasting project. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The invention provides an underwater hard rock blasting system and a blasting construction method to solve the problem that there is a risk of failure in the blasting project in a high moisture content and hard rock formation.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the invention are as follows: On the one hand, the present application provides an underwater hard rock blasting system, including a comprehensive initiation system for detonating explosives, and the comprehensive initiation system includes an independently arranged non-electric detonator complex initiation network and an electronic detonator complex initiation network; Multiple blasting holes are provided in the plug. The non-electric detonator composite initiation network includes detonator initiation detonators arranged in each blasting hole and delay transfer detonators arranged outside the initiation hole. The electronic detonator composite initiation network includes electronic initiation detonators arranged in each blasting hole. Each detonator initiation detonator, delay transfer detonator, and electronic initiation detonator are provided with a delay initiation time. Multiple detonator initiation detonators and multiple electronic initiation detonators are arranged in one-to-one correspondence on the installation plane points, and the initiation time of any detonator initiation detonator is the same as the initiation time set for the electronic initiation detonator at the corresponding point. Either the non-electric detonator composite initiation network or the electronic detonator composite initiation network can separately detonate the comprehensive initiation system, or the non-electric detonator composite initiation network and the electronic detonator composite initiation network can simultaneously detonate the comprehensive initiation system.

[0008] Further, the blasting holes are concentrically arranged in multiple circles, and multiple are arranged at intervals in each circle. The overall initiation sequence of both the non-electric detonator composite initiation network and the electronic detonator composite initiation network is to initiate from the center first, and then initiate sequentially from the center to the outside of each circle.

[0009] Further, the delay initiation times of each detonator initiation detonator, each electronic initiation detonator, and each delay transfer detonator are reasonably set, and before the first blast hole explodes, the detonator initiation detonators, delay transfer detonators, and electronic initiation detonators have all been transferred to the explosion position.

[0010] Further, in the electronic detonator composite initiation network, three electronic initiation detonators are arranged at each blasting hole. Two of the electronic initiation detonators belong to an independent electronic detonator initiation network, and the remaining one electronic initiation detonator belongs to another independent electronic detonator initiation network.

[0011] Further, in the non-electric detonator composite initiation network, two detonator initiation detonators and a delay transfer detonator are arranged at each blasting hole, and the two detonator initiation detonators are connected in parallel.

[0012] Further, in the electronic detonator composite initiation network, three electronic initiation detonators are arranged at each blasting hole. Two of the electronic initiation detonators belong to an independent electronic detonator initiation network, and the remaining one electronic initiation detonator belongs to another independent electronic detonator initiation network.

[0013] Further, in the non-electric detonator composite initiation network, two detonator initiation detonators and a delay transfer detonator are arranged at each blasting hole, and the two detonator initiation detonators are connected in parallel.

[0014] On the other hand, the present application provides an underwater hard rock blasting construction method, including the following steps: S1: Adopt the method of bolt reinforcement to reinforce the plug surrounding rock for lock mouth reinforcement, and carry out grouting reinforcement at the plug mouth; S2: Locate the blasting holes on the plug surface, and use a down-the-hole drill to drill the blasting holes; S2: Arrange the initiation network, and at the same time arrange detonating fuse detonators and electronic detonators in the blasting holes and tamp the explosives; S3: Use water-swellable materials to block the orifices of the blasting holes, and fill with water and pressurize; S4: Detonate the initiation network to realize the blasting of the plug.

[0015] Further, in step S1, the surrounding rock of the plug part is pre-reinforced before blasting, and a flexible material is set at the front of the lock mouth section to achieve shock absorption and reduce the direct damage of blasting to the lock mouth section.

[0016] Further, in step S2, when positioning and drilling the blasting holes, the blasting holes include cut holes, empty holes, auxiliary cut holes, main blasting holes and contour holes arranged layer by layer from the center to the outside.

[0017] Further, in step S2, when arranging the initiation network for each blasting hole, it is arranged in the order of bottom detonating fuse detonator, bottom electronic detonator, middle electronic detonator, top electronic detonator, and top detonating fuse detonator.

[0018] Further, in step S3, the explosives, detonating cords, detonating fuse detonators and electronic detonators are all waterproof.

[0019] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The blasting system of the present application is provided with two sets of independent initiation networks, namely the non-electric detonating fuse detonator compound initiation network and the electronic detonator compound initiation network, which jointly form a comprehensive initiation system. Since the electronic detonator compound initiation network may fail when in contact with water or affected by various currents, in the case where the chamber is completely closed and filled with water and gas, the blasting system of the present application can realize blasting through the non-electric detonating fuse detonator compound initiation network to improve the guarantee rate of blasting success; and after the electronic detonator initiation network is completed, it can be checked hole by hole in the computer system to realize the inspection of the initiation network before initiation. The two sets of independent initiation networks can make up for each other's defects and realize high-guarantee initiation of the blasting project.

[0020] 2. For the blasting construction method of this application, after grouting for reinforcement of the plug, the blasting holes are drilled, and different blasting holes are set for each layer during the drilling process, and the explosive setting in each blasting hole is adjusted accordingly. At the same time, combined with the integrated initiation system of this application, a high guarantee rate of initiation of the explosives can be achieved. Finally, water filling and pressurization are carried out, so that in the deep water hard rock area, the plug can be successfully blasted and the water inlet can be blasted through and formed at one time, and the surrounding rock mass is not prone to collapse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 It is the layout diagram of the non-electric detonator composite initiation network of the present invention; Figure 2 It is the layout diagram of the electronic detonator initiation network of the present invention; Figure 3 It is the working condition diagram of the plug body blasting construction; Figure 4 It is the plan view of the blasting hole layout of the present invention; Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the charging structure of each blasting hole of the present invention; Figure 6 It is the effect diagram after water filling and pressurization in Step 4 of the present invention.

[0022] In the drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows: 1. Plug opening; 2. Slag pit; 3. Transition section; 4. Connecting horizontal tunnel section; 5. Intake shaft; 6. Bottom non-electric detonator for initiation; 7. Bottom electronic detonator for initiation; 8. Middle electronic detonator for initiation; 9. Top electronic detonator; 10. Top non-electric detonator for initiation; 11. Plug resistance line; 12. Explosive package; 13. Plugging section; 14. Detonating cord; 15. Air bag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] For the convenience of understanding this application, the following will describe this application more comprehensively with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of this application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0024] The setting of the initiation network is the key to the success or failure of blasting. Therefore, when designing and constructing the initiation network, it must be ensured that it can be safely initiated according to the designed initiation sequence and initiation time, and the network is required to be standardized and normalized, which is conducive to connection and operation during construction.

[0025] The present application provides an underwater hard rock blasting system, which includes a comprehensive initiation system. The comprehensive initiation system includes an independently arranged non-electric detonator composite initiation network and an electronic detonator composite initiation network. Hereinafter, the non-electric detonator composite initiation network will be simply referred to as the non-electric composite initiation network, and the electronic detonator composite initiation network will be simply referred to as the electronic composite initiation network. An independent non-electric composite initiation network and an electronic composite initiation network are simultaneously arranged in the underwater plug to achieve high-assurance blasting of the plug.

[0026] Specifically, before blasting construction, a number of blasting holes are drilled in the plug. The number of blasting holes is concentrically arranged in multiple circles on the surface of the plug, and multiple holes are arranged at intervals in each circle. The non-electric composite initiation network includes a plurality of detonator initiation detonators, and the plurality of detonator initiation detonators are placed in the blasting holes one by one; the electronic composite initiation network includes a plurality of electronic initiation detonators, and the plurality of electronic initiation detonators are also placed in the blasting holes one by one, thereby reducing the complexity and workload of the layout of the comprehensive initiation system.

[0027] The non-electric composite initiation network further includes a plurality of delay transfer detonators, which are correspondingly arranged outside the blasting holes and connected to the detonator initiation detonators. Each delay transfer detonator, detonator initiation detonator, and electronic initiation detonator is provided with a corresponding delay initiation time, so that the non-electric composite initiation network and the electronic composite initiation network can be detonated one by one in the designed order.

[0028] In addition, by reasonably setting the delay initiation time of each detonator initiation detonator and delay transfer detonator, before the blasting of the blast hole at the position of the first detonator initiation detonator, the detonator initiation detonators and delay transfer detonators of the entire non-electric composite initiation network have been transferred and detonated in place; similarly, by reasonably setting the delay initiation time of each electronic initiation detonator, when the blast hole at the position of the first electronic initiation detonator is blasted, the electronic initiation detonators of the entire electronic composite initiation network have been transferred and detonated in place.

[0029] When initiating the integrated initiation system, the non-electric duplex initiation network and the electronic duplex initiation network can be separately initiated to detonate the explosive; they can also be simultaneously initiated to jointly detonate the explosive. When designing the delay initiation time of each detonator for initiating the detonating fuse in the non-electric duplex initiation network and the delay detonating fuse, as well as each electronic detonator in the electronic duplex initiation network, the multiple detonators for initiating the detonating fuse in the non-electric duplex initiation network and the electronic detonators at the corresponding positions in the electronic duplex initiation network are set with the same delay initiation time. Thus, when the non-electric duplex initiation network and the electronic duplex initiation network are simultaneously initiated, synchronous initiation of the non-electric duplex initiation network and the electronic duplex initiation network can be achieved. When both the non-electric duplex initiation network and the electronic duplex initiation network are not failed, the explosives at each position can be sequentially detonated simultaneously according to the designed sequence, reducing the uncontrollability and danger caused by the staggered initiation of the non-electric duplex initiation network and the electronic duplex initiation network.

[0030] When specifically designing the non-electric duplex initiation network and the electronic duplex initiation network, smooth blasting is adopted. The overall initiation sequence is as follows: first, initiate the center to form a middle penetration; then, the blasting holes in each circle are sequentially initiated from the center to the outside; finally, the peripheral contour holes are initiated to form the preset contour shape.

[0031] Taking one specific embodiment as an example for illustration, as Figure 1 shown is the layout diagram of the non-electric duplex initiation network of this embodiment. When designing the non-electric duplex initiation network, two detonators for initiating the detonating fuse and delay detonating fuses are arranged at each blasting hole. The two detonators for initiating the detonating fuse are connected in parallel to form a duplex network, thereby improving the detonation guarantee rate of the non-electric duplex initiation network. The detonators for initiating the detonating fuse are selected as high-segment detonators, and the delay detonating fuses are selected as low-segment detonators. At the same time, the delay error of the detonators for initiating the detonating fuse is less than the delay error of the delay detonating fuse, thereby ensuring the safety of the initiation network.

[0032] First, select the detonators for initiating the detonating fuse. To prevent the blasting flying stones generated by the previously blasted holes from damaging the initiation network, the delay initiation time set for the detonators for initiating the detonating fuse must ensure that all the detonators for initiating the detonating fuse in the initiation network have been transmitted to the place before the blasting of the first blast hole. This requires that the delay initiation time set for the detonators for initiating the detonating fuse be as long as possible, but the longer the delay initiation time is set, the greater the delay error is. To achieve the effect that the initiation sequence between adjacent blasting holes in different circles does not cross segments and does not repeat segments, and the adjacent blasting holes in the same circle also do not repeat segments as much as possible, during the design, the delay error of the detonators for initiating the detonating fuse does not exceed the delay value of the delay detonating fuses between segments and between circles; for the blasting with particularly strict requirements on the single-segment charge amount, the delay error of the detonators for initiating the detonating fuse also cannot exceed the delay value of the delay detonating fuses in the same circle.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, the detonator for detonating the detonating fuse is specifically selected as a detonator with a delay initiation time of 1000 ms. The delay detonating detonator includes an inter-segment delay detonating detonator and an inter-loop delay detonating detonator. The inter-loop delay detonating detonator is used to connect the detonators for detonating the detonating fuse between adjacent two circles. The inter-segment delay detonating detonator is used to connect the detonators for detonating the detonating fuse of adjacent two segments in the same circle. The inter-segment delay detonating detonator is selected as a detonator with a delay initiation time of 9 ms or 17 ms. There are three types of detonators for detonating the detonating fuse with delay initiation times of 42 ms, 65 ms, and 100 ms available for adjacent circles. Considering that a large delay time is helpful for the previously detonated blast holes to form good free face conditions for the subsequently detonated blast holes, the inter-loop delay detonating detonator is selected as a detonator with a delay initiation time of 100 ms, and multiple inter-loop delay detonating detonators with a delay initiation time of 100 ms can be connected in series between adjacent circles to achieve the effect of sequential blasting.

[0034] According to the above design idea, the final non-electric duplex initiation network is finally designed, which specifically includes: The E circle: 1 hole, with the delay initiation time set to 0 ms; The F circle: 6 empty holes; The G circle: 8 holes, detonated in 4 segments, with the delay times being 300 ms, 309 ms, 317 ms, and 334 ms respectively; The H circle: 8 holes, detonated in 4 segments, with the delay times being 500 ms, 509 ms, 517 ms, and 534 ms respectively; The J circle: 12 holes, detonated in 6 segments, with the delay times being 600 ms, 609 ms, 617 ms, 626 ms, 634 ms, and 651 ms respectively; The K circle: 16 holes, detonated in 8 segments, with the delay times being 700 ms, 709 ms, 717 ms, 726 ms, 734 ms, 743 ms, 751 ms, and 768 ms respectively.

[0035] The L circle: 33 holes, with 4 - 5 holes in one segment, a total of 8 segments, and the delay times being 800 ms, 809 ms, 817 ms, 826 ms, 834 ms, 843 ms, 851 ms, and 868 ms respectively.

[0036] As Figure 2 shown is the layout diagram of the electronic duplex initiation network of this embodiment. Since the delay initiation time of each electronic detonator in the electronic duplex initiation network can be set arbitrarily, but in order to match the delay initiation time set for each detonator for detonating the detonating fuse in the non-electric duplex initiation network, the specific design is as follows: The E circle: 1 hole, with the delay initiation time set to 1000 ms; The F circle: 6 empty holes; The G circle: 8 holes, detonated in 4 segments, with delay times of 1300 ms, 1309 ms, 1317 ms, and 1334 ms respectively; The H circle: 8 holes, detonated in 4 segments, with delay times of 1500 ms, 1509 ms, 1517 ms, and 1534 ms respectively; The J circle: 12 holes, detonated in 6 segments, with delay times of 1600 ms, 1609 ms, 1617 ms, 1626 ms, 1634 ms, and 1651 ms respectively; The K circle: 16 holes, detonated in 8 segments, with delay times of 1700 ms, 1709 ms, 1717 ms, 1726 ms, 1734 ms, 1743 ms, 1751 ms, and 1768 ms respectively; The L circle: 33 holes, 4 - 5 holes in one segment, a total of 8 segments, with delay times of 1800 ms, 1809 ms, 1817 ms, 1826 ms, 1834 ms, 1843 ms, 1851 ms, and 1868 ms respectively.

[0037] Among them, in the electronic detonator complex initiation network, three electronic initiation detonators are set at each blasting hole. Two of the electronic initiation detonators belong to an independent electronic detonator complex initiation network, and the remaining one electronic initiation detonator belongs to another independent electronic detonator complex initiation network. That is, two sets of independent electronic detonator complex initiation networks and one set of independent non - electric complex initiation network are set in the comprehensive initiation system. Two sets of electronic detonator complex initiation networks are used as the main initiation networks, and the other set of non - electric complex initiation network is used as the auxiliary initiation network to achieve high - assurance blasting of the underwater rock plug.

[0038] The specific delay initiation times of each detonating fuse initiation detonator in the non - electric complex initiation network and each electronic initiation detonator in the electronic complex initiation network are designed as shown in the following table.

[0039]

[0040] The total initiation network design selects 2 networks: a high - precision non - electric detonator initiation network and an electronic detonator initiation network.

[0041] Furthermore, the non - electric complex initiation network includes a total initiation line arranged in sequence and 2 total detonating fuse initiation detonators connected in parallel on the total initiation line. The total detonating fuse initiation detonator is set with a delay initiation time of 9 ms. The total initiation line uses a 300 - m long - leg wire to pass through the hole to the out - of - hole initiation point. The non - electric complex initiation network uses 2 customized high - precision detonators with 300 - m long - leg wires as the total initiation line. The bodies of these two detonators are tied to the lead wire family led out from the central hole (hole number E1), and the lead wires are hung along the tunnel and shaft walls until the ground initiation station.

[0042] Two electronic detonators are tied to the detonating tube at the face end of the high-precision detonator network bus of the 300m long leg line, about 1m away from the detonator tube body, and two more electronic detonators are tied to the ground end of the high-precision detonator network bus of the 300m long leg line. These four detonators are used to initiate the double insurance operation of detonation. The four electronic detonators are connected in parallel to the digital tube detonator main wire led from the face through the line card. The main wire is suspended in parallel with the customized 300m long leg line high-precision detonator main detonation line along the tunnel and shaft wall until it reaches the ground detonation station.

[0043] The non-electric compound blasting network is mainly used to prevent problems with the electronic compound blasting network. When the cavern is completely sealed and filled with water and air, the non-electric compound blasting network can be relied upon to complete rock plug blasting.

[0044] The total detonating wire of the electronic compound detonation network is connected to two electronic digital detonators, and the electronic digital detonators are set with a delayed detonation time of 9ms. The total detonating wire passes through the hole to the detonation point. Among them, the two electronic digital detonators in the electronic compound detonation network are at least one meter away from the two total detonating cord detonators in the non-electric compound detonation network.

[0045] When the slag pit is filled with water before rock plug blasting, it must be ensured that no detonator is submerged. All detonators must be placed above the highest water filling elevation and properly fixed; the main detonating cord detonator and the main detonating wire should not be submerged in water.

[0046] After the non-electric compound detonation network is connected, it is impossible to conduct an overall check of each hole, and it can only be determined by the appearance inspection of the surface to determine whether it is safe; while the electronic compound detonation network can be checked hole by hole in the computer system after the network is connected, that is, after all the work is completed, the detonation network can also be checked before detonation. However, the detonation reliability of the electronic compound detonation network will be reduced accordingly under complex conditions with water and pressure. Therefore, when blasting underwater hard rock, in order to overcome the respective defects of the above two blasting networks and give full play to their respective advantages, a detonation system consisting of two systems is used to achieve accurate and high-guarantee smooth blasting of the rock formation.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, it is a longitudinal section of the construction area. The water intake along the direction of water flow is the rock plug, slag pit, gradient section, connecting horizontal tunnel section and water intake shaft.

[0048] In order to avoid constructing a cofferdam for the intake in deep water, a tunnel is often excavated from the downstream to the upstream of the water-retaining mountain body or the reservoir bank, and a section of rock is reserved at the tunnel intake for water retaining. This section of rock is called a rock plug. After the entire tunnel is basically completed and the gates and other auxiliary equipment are all installed, the reserved rock plug is then blasted and formed according to the design requirements by blasting method. Therefore, the design and construction of underwater rock plug blasting have the following characteristics: The intake formed by underwater rock plug blasting is in a deep water operation state. Generally, no other reinforcement measures can be taken for the water intake. Therefore, underwater rock plug blasting must be blasted and formed in one go, and misfires or incomplete blasting are not allowed; During the construction process, the rock plug is under the pressure of dozens of meters of water depth, and the rock plug is required to have sufficient stability to ensure the safety of construction. However, if the thickness of the rock plug is too large, the explosive consumption will increase, and the blasting and forming rate will be low, and the blasting effect will be poor.

[0049] To solve the above-mentioned rock plug blasting construction under the condition of underwater hard rock, the present application also discloses an underwater hard rock blasting construction method, which uses the above-mentioned underwater hard rock blasting system to achieve high-assurance blasting of the rock plug, including the following steps: Step 1: Carry out locking reinforcement on the surrounding rock of the rock plug by means of bolt reinforcement, and carry out grouting reinforcement at the rock plug opening.

[0050] According to the water leakage situation occurring in the core drilling of the rock plug, if there are fissure water leakages in the surrounding rock of the rock plug body close to the reservoir side, it will affect the rock plug blasting. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out grouting consolidation and sealing on the rock plug body to prevent air leakage and inability to pressurize during the subsequent inflation step, and at the same time prevent water in the blasting holes where explosives are placed from affecting the performance of the explosives.

[0051] In addition, affected by blasting vibration, a certain range of loosening circles may be formed around the rock plug opening, which will increase the circumferential or radial fissures in the surrounding rock, and at the same time extend the original fissures. Coupled with the fact that the joints and fissures of the rock mass within 2m of the surface layer are relatively developed, the possibility of rock blocks falling is relatively large. Therefore, it is necessary to take grouting treatment and bolt reinforcement measures for the rock plug part and a certain range of the surrounding rock mass to reduce the permeability of the rock mass, increase the integrity of the rock mass, improve its stability ability, and ensure the safety and reliability of the rock plug blasting construction.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, advanced bolts are used to reinforce the 240° range of the side top arch of the rock plug opening. The bolt diameter is 28mm, the spacing is 1.5m, the external insertion angle is 20°, and the bolt length is determined according to the actually measured thickness of the rock plug, and is controlled by the distance between the end of the bolt and the ground surface line of 1-2m. In addition, before blasting, the surrounding rock of the rock plug part is pre-reinforced, and a flexible material is set at the front of the locking section to achieve shock absorption and reduce the direct damage of blasting to the locking section.

[0053] Step 2: Locate the blasting holes on the plug surface and use a down-the-hole drill to drill the blasting holes. In the embodiment of the present application, the plug body is an irregular body with a thin upper part and a thick lower part. Therefore, when arranging the blasting holes, the lower blasting holes are arranged in a denser pattern; As Figure 4 shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the drilling arrangement on the standard surface is as follows: One charging hole is arranged at the center point E, and the drilling length is 6.9 m.

[0054] On the circumference with a radius of 0.20 m, the F-ring blast holes are arranged, with one hole arranged every 60°, the hole mouth and hole bottom spacing are both 0.2 m, the drilling length is 6.9 m, and a total of 6 holes are arranged.

[0055] On the circumference with a radius of 0.40 m, the G-ring blast holes are arranged, with one hole arranged every 45°, the hole mouth and hole bottom spacing are both 0.31 m, the drilling length is 6.9 m, and a total of 8 holes are arranged.

[0056] On the circumference with a radius of 0.85 m, the H-ring blast holes are arranged, with one hole arranged every 45°, the hole mouth and hole bottom spacing are both 0.65 m, the drilling length is 6.8 m to 7.5 m, and a total of 8 holes are arranged.

[0057] On the circumference with a radius of 1.40 m, the J-ring blast holes are arranged, with one hole arranged every 30°, the hole mouth spacing is 0.72 m, the hole bottom spacing is 0.93 m, the drilling length is 6.7 m to 8.4 m, and a total of 12 holes are arranged.

[0058] On the circumference with a radius of 1.95 m, the K-ring blast holes are arranged. In the upper 240° range, one hole is arranged every 24°, the hole mouth spacing is 0.81 m, and the hole bottom spacing is 1.20 m; in the lower 120° range, one hole is arranged every 20°, the hole mouth spacing is 0.68 m, and the hole bottom spacing is 1.0 m. The drilling length is 6.7 m to 9.6 m, and a total of 16 holes are arranged.

[0059] On the circumference with a radius of 2.50 m, the L-ring blast holes are arranged. In the upper 180° range, one hole is arranged every 12°, the hole mouth spacing is 0.52 m, and the hole bottom spacing is 0.80 m; in the lower 180° range, one hole is arranged every 10°, the hole mouth spacing is 0.44 m, and the hole bottom spacing is 0.67 m. The drilling length is 6.9 m to 10.6 m, and a total of 33 holes are arranged.

[0060] Specifically, the blasting holes include cut holes, empty holes, auxiliary cut holes, main blasting holes, and contour holes that gradually expand outward from the center. In the above embodiment, point E is the cut hole, the F circle is set as the empty hole, the G circle is set as the auxiliary cut hole, the H circle and the J circle are set as the main blasting holes, and the K circle is set as the contour hole. The opening error of each blasting hole is less than 5 cm, and the bottom error of the hole is less than 10 cm; under the condition of impervious water, the hole depth is not allowed to be under-depth, and the over-depth error is less than 20 cm. When the central cut hole is blasted, setting the F circle empty hole not only plays a directional role, but also provides an auxiliary free surface and a compensation space for the broken body for the central cut hole, and has an attracting and guiding effect on the explosive detonation shock wave; the K circle contour hole adopts smooth blasting, and thus can form a preset plug contour shape.

[0061] Step 3: Arrange the initiation network, and at the same time arrange detonating fuse initiating detonators and electronic initiating detonators in the blasting holes and tamp the explosives.

[0062] Before tamping the explosives, it is necessary to waterproof the explosives. Since the detonating fuse initiating detonator itself is water-resistant and does not require waterproofing; the electronic duplex initiation network has many external joints. The electronic initiating detonators of the electronic duplex initiation network are filled with waterproof silica gel through buckles, and are waterproofed by wrapping insulating tape with electrical tape, and the joints are placed on the top of the plug face. In addition, the basic waterproof requirements for the explosives are: the density of the explosives is 1100 - 1150 kg / m 3 ; when soaked in water at a depth of 45 m for more than 7 days, the detonation velocity is not less than 4500 m / s, the blasting power is not less than 280 ml, the brisance reaches 12 - 16 mm, and the continuous detonation performance is good; it can be initiated by detonators and detonating cords soaked in water at a depth of 45 m for more than 7 days; it has a reliable waterproof outer packaging.

[0063] The basic waterproof requirements for the detonating cord are: it can still be reliably initiated by detonators and explosives soaked in water at a depth of 45 m for more than 7 days when soaked in water at a depth of 45 m for more than 7 days, and at the same time can still reliably detonate and initiate explosives soaked in water at a depth of 45 m for more than 7 days. The cut part should be waterproofed.

[0064] The basic waterproof requirements for the detonators are: the single-shot detonation probability should be above 99.99%; it can still reliably initiate explosives and detonating cords soaked in water at a depth of 45 m for more than 7 days when soaked in water at a depth of 45 m for more than 7 days, and the delay accuracy meets the requirements; for electronic detonators, it should also meet the requirement that the anti-shock wave strength is not less than 100 MPa.

[0065] Among them, for all contour holes, the cartridges are evenly tied to the thin bamboo strips with double-strand detonating cords. The ends of the double-strand detonating cords are waterproofed, and they must be closely attached to the explosives along the axis of the blast hole.

[0066] When arranging the comprehensive initiation system in each blasting hole, such as Figure 5As shown, they are arranged in sequence as the bottom detonating fuse initiating detonator, bottom electronic initiating detonator, middle electronic initiating detonator, top electronic detonator, and top detonating fuse initiating detonator, and the bottom detonating fuse initiating detonator, bottom electronic initiating detonator, middle electronic initiating detonator, top electronic detonator, and top detonating fuse initiating detonator are all inserted into the explosive package. From the bottom to the outside of each blast hole are the plug resistance line, explosive package, and stemming section in sequence. The detonating cord passes through the stemming section and extends out. The plug resistance line refers to the thickness layer of the plug where the blast hole is not penetrated.

[0067] When designing the charging structure, in the embodiment of the present application, the specific settings are as follows: E circle, G circle: The drilling length is 6.9 m. Continuously charge with Φ60 explosive to the stemming section, a total of 18 sections are charged, and the single-hole charge amount is 18 kg; the charging length is 5.4 m, the stemming length is 1.5 m, and the total charge amount is 162 kg.

[0068] F circle: The drilling length is 6.9 m, which is an empty hole and no charge is made.

[0069] H circle: The drilling length is 6.7 m to 7.2 m. Continuously charge with Φ60 explosive to the stemming section, a total of 17 - 19 sections are charged, and the single-hole charge amount is 17 - 19 kg; the charging length is 5.1 - 5.7 m, the stemming length is 1.5 m - 1.6 m, and the total charge amount is 140 kg.

[0070] J circle: The drilling length is 6.4 m to 8.1 m. Continuously charge with Φ60 explosive to the stemming section, a total of 16 - 22 sections are charged, and the single-hole charge amount is 16 - 22 kg; the charging length is 4.8 m - 6.6 m, the stemming length is 1.5 m - 1.6 m, and the total charge amount is 210 kg.

[0071] K circle: The drilling length is 6.4 m to 9.0 m. Continuously charge with Φ60 explosive to the stemming section, a total of 16 - 25 sections are charged, and the single-hole charge amount is 16 - 25 kg; the charging length is 4.8 m - 7.5 m, the stemming length is 1.5 m - 1.6 m, and the total charge amount is 283 kg.

[0072] L circle: For the smooth holes on the peripheral contour of the L circle, use Ф32 emulsion explosive. The drilling length is 6.6 m to 10.3 m. Continuously charge with Φ32 explosive to the stemming section, a total of 18 - 30 sections are charged to the stemming section, the charging length is 5.4 - 9.0 m, the stemming length is 1.2 m - 1.3 m, the single-hole charge amount is 5.4 - 9.0 kg, and the total charge amount is 199.8 kg.

[0073] Step four: Use water-swellable materials to block the blast hole orifice and fill it with water and apply pressure. As Figure 6As shown in the figure, according to the design of plug blasting, plug blasting is carried out under the condition of pressure, and water needs to be filled into the slag collecting pit. Before plug blasting, while the slag collecting pit is being filled with water, the air compressor also fills the slag collecting pit with air, forming an air pocket between the bottom of the plug and the slag collecting pit, so that the bottom of the plug is separated from the downstream water body during plug blasting. Water filling and pressurization are to ensure that after blasting, the accumulation form of the rock slag in the slag collecting pit meets the requirements, and basically no rock slag enters the main tunnel behind the slag collecting pit, preventing the surge water level in the gate well from spraying out of the gate wellhead. During the water filling and pressurization process, the lowest water level of the airbag is observed through the camera of the plug, and the air pressure for inflation is adjusted.

[0074] S5: Detonate the initiation network to achieve the blasting of the plug.

[0075] Based on the underwater hard rock blasting system, a construction method for underwater hard rock blasting in this application, in cooperation with the arrangement of blasting holes and the structural design of explosives, improves the blasting guarantee rate of the underwater hard rock blasting system, and thus provides a method for hard rock plug blasting in deep water environments.

[0076] The above are only the preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An underwater hard rock blasting system, characterized in that: It comprises a comprehensive detonation system for detonating explosives, wherein the comprehensive detonation system comprises an independently arranged non-electric detonator detonator compound detonation network and an electronic detonator compound detonation network; A plurality of blasting holes are opened in the rock plug, the non-electric detonating tube detonator compound detonation network includes a detonating tube detonator arranged in each blasting hole and a time-delayed detonating detonator arranged outside the detonation hole, the electronic detonator compound detonation network includes an electronic detonating detonator arranged in each blasting hole, and each detonating tube detonator, time-delayed detonating detonator and electronic detonator is provided with a delayed detonation time; The multiple detonating cord detonators and the multiple electronic detonating cord detonators are arranged in one-to-one correspondence on the installation plane points, and the detonation time of any one of the detonating cord detonators is the same as the detonation time of the electronic detonating cord detonator arranged at the corresponding point; The non-electric detonator detonator compound detonation network or the electronic detonator compound detonation network can both independently detonate the integrated detonation system, or the non-electric detonator detonator compound detonation network and the electronic detonator compound detonation network can simultaneously detonate the integrated detonation system.

2. An underwater hard rock blasting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting holes are concentrically arranged in multiple circles, and each circle is arranged with multiple intervals. The overall detonation sequence of the non-electric detonator detonator compound detonation network and the electronic detonator compound detonation network is to detonate the center first, and then detonate each circle sequentially from the center to the outside.

3. An underwater hard rock blasting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Reasonable setting of the delayed detonation time of each detonating cord detonator, each electronic detonator and each delayed detonating detonator should ensure that the detonating cord detonator, delayed detonating detonator and electronic detonator are all in place before the first blast hole is blasted.

4. An underwater hard rock blasting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the electronic detonator compound blasting network, three electronic detonators are arranged at each blasting hole, two of which belong to an independent electronic detonator blasting network, and the remaining electronic detonator belongs to another independent electronic detonator blasting network.

5. The underwater hard rock blasting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the non-electric detonating cord detonator compound detonation network, two detonating cord detonators and delayed detonating detonators are arranged at each blasting hole, and the two detonating cord detonators are arranged in parallel.

6. An underwater hard rock blasting construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The surrounding rock of the rock plug is reinforced by anchor bolts, and the rock plug mouth is reinforced by grouting; S2: Positioning the blasting hole on the surface of the rock plug and drilling the blasting hole using a drilling rig; S2: Arrange the detonation network, arrange the detonating cord detonator and electronic detonator in the blasting hole and fill it with explosives; S3: Use water-expandable materials to block the blasting holes and fill them with water for pressurization; S4: Detonate the detonation network to blast the rock plug.

7. An underwater hard rock blasting construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the surrounding rock at the rock plug was pre-reinforced before blasting, and flexible material was set in the front of the lock section to achieve shock absorption and reduce direct damage to the lock section caused by blasting.

8. The underwater hard rock blasting construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, when the blast hole positioning drilling is performed, the blast hole includes a slot hole, a hollow hole, an auxiliary slot hole, a main blast hole and a contour hole which are arranged layer by layer from the center to the outside.

9. The underwater hard rock blasting construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, when arranging the detonation network of each blasting hole, the detonation network is arranged in the order of bottom detonating cord detonator, bottom electronic detonating cord, middle electronic detonating cord, top electronic detonating cord, and top detonating cord detonator.

10. The underwater hard rock blasting construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the explosive, the detonating cord, the detonating cord detonator and the electronic detonator are all waterproof.

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