A modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method considering dwell time

Abstract

The present invention relates to a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering the dwell time, belonging to the field of urban public transport operation scheduling. The method includes obtaining the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determining the number of passengers getting on and off at stops; defining the skip-stop and repositioning coupling operation as a decision variable, and establishing a relational expression between the dwell time of the modular bus at stops and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the design characteristics of the single-door of the modular bus and the vehicle combination form; taking the minimum of the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint to construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model; solving to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of the corresponding line. The present invention is applicable to the bus line scenarios with high loads at some bus stops, and realizes the modular bus operation scheduling for the efficient utilization of bus transport capacity resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of urban public transportation operation scheduling, and particularly relates to a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering the dwell time. Background Art

[0002] Urban public transportation plays an increasingly significant role in promoting sustainable development and green travel. However, traditional buses face many challenges in practical applications. On the one hand, due to the randomness of passengers' travel demands, urban public transportation faces uneven changes in demand in terms of time and space. On the other hand, fixed-capacity buses generally adopt a service mode of stopping at every station, which easily causes large fluctuations in the passenger load factor inside the bus and relatively low vehicle turnover efficiency.

[0003] Modular vehicles are new types of vehicles in which each module can be dissociated and coupled with each other. Modular buses are composed of modular vehicles, and passengers can walk and transfer between different modular vehicles in the combination. Based on this flexibility feature, the modular bus operation service mode based on the skip-stop strategy enables passengers who need to receive services at the skipped stations to move to the designated modular vehicle and then receive services at that station, while other vehicles skip that station to save running time, achieving an improvement in the overall utilization rate of the public transportation system without compromising passengers' travel demands. When the total number of modular vehicles is limited, a repositioning strategy can be combined, that is, modular buses that are idle due to the decrease in the number of in-vehicle passengers during the previous journey are repositioned in advance according to the needs of the subsequent journey to the stations where they can be coupled for the subsequent journey, and passengers can board in advance and wait, thereby reducing the dwell time of modular buses at that station.

[0004] Currently, the modular bus scheduling method has not fully utilized the flexibility features of modular vehicles, resulting in limited potential for modular bus skip-stops. Moreover, in the existing research on modular buses, the dwell time of modular buses is rarely considered and is only set as a fixed value, which cannot fully reflect the time consistency of coupling between modular buses after dissociation and skip-stop. Therefore, in the modular bus skip-stop operation scheduling method, how to combine the repositioning scheduling method and consider the dwell time according to the characteristics of modular buses will effectively improve the potential of the modular bus skip-stop strategy, match passengers' travel demands, and provide a new perspective for the modular bus scheduling theory. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering the dwell time, which is beneficial to improving the allocation of modular vehicle resources to meet the fluctuating passenger demands at stations and providing scheduling strategy support for bus operators to invest in modular bus operations in the future.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method considering the dwell time, including:

[0007] Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stations and the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stations;

[0008] Define the skip-stop and relocation coupling operation as a decision variable, and establish a relational expression between the dwell time of the modular bus at the station and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form;

[0009] Taking the minimum sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model;

[0010] Solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling scheme under the corresponding line passenger demand.

[0011] Further, the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stations includes: the name of the bus stop, the position order of the bus stops , the operation shift order of the modular bus , the fleet travel order after skip-stop dissociation in the modular fleet itinerary , the average running time from bus stop i to bus stop i + 1 ; the bus passenger travel data information includes: the relational expression of passengers arriving at stop i over time , the proportion of bus passengers getting on at the stop and getting off at stop i .

[0012] Further, obtaining the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stations and the bus passenger travel data information, and determining the number of passengers getting on and off at the stations are specifically implemented as follows:

[0013] (1.1) Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stations and the bus passenger travel data information;

[0014] (1.2) According to the bus passenger travel data information obtained in (1.1), determine the number of passengers getting on and off of modular bus shift j, vehicle k at stop i. The formula is as follows:

[0015] ;

[0016] Where respectively represent the number of people getting on and off of modular bus shift j, vehicle k at stop i, Denote the departure time of modular shift j, trip k from station i.

[0017] Furthermore, define the coupling operation of skipping stations and relocation as decision variables. According to the design characteristics of the single - door of modular buses and the vehicle combination form, establish the relationship between the dwell time of modular buses at stations and the number of passengers getting on and off. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0018] (2.1) Define the skipping - station and relocation operations as decision variables , where is the decision variable of the skipping - station operation. When modular bus shift j, trip k serves station i, , otherwise ; when modular bus shift j, trip k is coupled at station i , otherwise ; when modular bus shift j, trip k dissociates into a fleet of n vehicles at station i during the journey and skips station i + 1 until before coupling, , otherwise ; is the decision variable of the relocation operation. When modular bus relocates from shift j station to shift j station i , otherwise , ;

[0019] (2.2) According to the design characteristics of the single - door of modular buses and the vehicle combination form, establish the relationship between the dwell time of modular buses at stations and the number of passengers getting on and the number of passengers getting off. The formula is as follows:

[0020] ;

[0021] where is the dwell time of modular buses, represent the boarding time per passenger and the alighting time per passenger respectively, represents the arrival time of shift j, trip k at station i, represents the arrival time of shift j, trip k + 1 at station i, and , represents the number of modular buses served at each station, represents the order S of bus station positions excluding station 1 and station I.

[0022] Furthermore, with the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost being the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, construct the modular bus scheduling optimization model. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0023] (3.1) Construct the objective function by minimizing the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost. The formula is as follows:

[0024] ;

[0025] where and represent the unit vehicle operation cost of the modular bus, the unit vehicle relocation cost of the modular bus, the unit passenger waiting time cost, and the unit passenger in-vehicle time cost respectively. represents the departure interval between modular bus trips j and j + 1. represents the number of passengers in the vehicle after the modular bus trip k of trip j departs from station i.

[0026] (3.2) Set the modular bus flow constraint conditions. The formula is as follows:

[0027] ;

[0028] where represents the number of modular vehicles required at the start of service of modular bus trip j. c represents the capacity of a unit modular vehicle, and M is a positive number approaching infinity.

[0029] (3.3) Set the modular bus operation time constraint conditions. The formula is as follows:

[0030] ;

[0031] where represent the minimum and maximum departure intervals of the modular bus respectively. represents a time interval such that there is enough time for the modular bus to adjust and be put into service after relocation to the station. represents the time constraint value for the modular bus to be able to couple with other modular buses at subsequent stations after dissociation and skipping stations.

[0032] Furthermore, use the commercial solver CPLEX to solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model.

[0033] Furthermore, solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus skipping and relocation scheduling plan under the corresponding line passenger demand. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0034] When the objective function is calculated to be the minimum, obtain the optimal modular bus skipping and relocation scheduling plan under the corresponding line passenger demand, including: the departure interval of the modular bus , the modular bus skipping plan and , the modular bus relocation plan and the number of modular bus vehicles served at each station 。

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] (1)The present invention makes full use of the flexibility characteristics of modular buses, combines the modular bus repositioning scheduling method into the skip-stop scheduling scheme, and flexibly changes the total capacity of modular buses during operation on the premise of achieving fairness, and can contribute to the implementation of the modular bus skip-stop method;

[0037] (2)The present invention combines the design characteristics and combination forms of modular buses, considers the dwell time of modular buses at stations, helps to analyze the time consistency of the coupling of modular buses with other vehicles after skip-stop dissociation, thus being more in line with the actual situation and providing a decision-making basis for the bus operation management department to formulate a modular bus scheduling operation plan. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering dwell time provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the modular bus involved in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] The technical solutions of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0044] The present invention provides a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering dwell time, including:

[0045] Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops, as well as the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops;

[0046] Define the coupled operation of skip-stop and repositioning as decision variables, and establish a relationship between the dwell time of modular buses at stops and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the design characteristics of modular bus single doors and the vehicle combination form;

[0047] Take the minimum sum of passenger travel time cost and vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and set the modular bus flow constraint and operation time constraint to construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model;

[0048] Solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of the corresponding line.

[0049] The following is the specific implementation process of the present invention.

[0050] As Figure 1 shown, a modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering dwell time according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0051] Step S1: Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops, as well as the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops;

[0052] Step S2: Define the coupled operation of skip-stop and repositioning as decision variables, as Figure 2 shown in the schematic diagram of the modular bus, and establish a relationship between the dwell time of modular buses at stops and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the design characteristics of modular bus single doors and the vehicle combination form;

[0053] Step S3: Take the minimum sum of passenger travel time cost and vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and set the modular bus flow constraint and operation time constraint to construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model;

[0054] Step S4: Solve the model to obtain the optimal modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of this line.

[0055] In step S1, obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops, as well as the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops. The specific process of step S1 is as follows:

[0056] S11: Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops, including: the name of the bus stop, the position sequence of the bus stop 、the operation shift sequence of the modular bus 、the fleet travel sequence after skip-stop dissociation in the modular fleet itinerary , the average running time from bus stop i to bus stop i + 1 ; bus passenger travel data information, including: the relational expression of passengers arriving at stop i with respect to time , the proportion of bus passengers boarding at stop and getting off at stop i .

[0057] S12. According to the bus passenger travel data information obtained in S11, determine the number of boarding and alighting passengers of modular bus shift j trip k at stop i. The formula is as follows:

[0058] ;

[0059] where respectively represent the number of boarding passengers and alighting passengers of modular bus shift j trip k at stop i, represents the moment when modular shift j trip k leaves stop i.

[0060] In step S2, define the coupled operation of skipping stops and repositioning as a decision variable. According to the design characteristics of the single - door of modular buses and the vehicle combination form, establish the relational expression between the station - staying time of modular buses at stops and the number of boarding and alighting passengers. The specific implementation of step S2 is as follows:

[0061] S21. Define the skipping stop and repositioning operations as decision variables , where is the decision variable of the skipping stop operation. When modular bus shift j trip k serves stop i, , otherwise ; when modular bus shift j trip k is coupled at stop i , otherwise ; when modular bus shift j trip k forms a convoy of n vehicles during the journey, dissociates at stop i and skips stop i + 1 until before coupling, , otherwise ; is the decision variable of the repositioning operation. When modular bus repositions from shift j stop to shift j stop i , otherwise , ;

[0062] S22. According to the design characteristics of the single - door of modular buses and the vehicle combination form, establish the relational expression between the station - staying time of modular buses at stops and the number of boarding passengers and the number of alighting passengers. The formula is as follows:

[0063] ;

[0064] where is the station dwell time of the modular bus, respectively represent the boarding time per passenger and the alighting time per passenger, represents the arrival time of trip k of schedule j at station i, represents the arrival time of trip k + 1 of schedule j at station i, and , represents the number of modular buses serving each station, represents the order S of the bus stop locations excluding station 1 and station I.

[0065] In step S3, with the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost being minimized as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, a modular bus scheduling optimization model is constructed. The specific implementation of step S3 is as follows:

[0066] S31. Construct the objective function with the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost being minimized. The formula is as follows:

[0067] ;

[0068] Where and respectively represent the operation cost per unit vehicle of the modular bus, the repositioning cost per unit vehicle of the modular bus, the waiting time cost per passenger, and the in-vehicle time cost per passenger, represents the departure interval between schedule j and schedule j + 1 of the modular bus, represents the number of passengers in the vehicle after trip k of schedule j departs from station i;

[0069] S32. Set the modular bus flow constraint conditions. The formula is as follows:

[0070] ;

[0071] Where represents the number of modular vehicles required when schedule j of the modular bus starts service, c represents the capacity of a unit modular vehicle, and M is a large positive number, usually taken as a positive number approaching infinity;

[0072] S33. Set the modular bus operation time constraint conditions. The formula is as follows:

[0073] ;

[0074] Where respectively represent the minimum and maximum departure intervals of the modular bus, represents a time interval such that there is enough time for the modular bus to be repositioned and adjusted for service after arriving at the station, It represents the time constraint value for a modular bus to be able to couple with other modular buses at subsequent stops after dissociation with skipping stops.

[0075] In step S4, an advanced commercial solver CPLEX is used to accurately solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model. When the minimum value of the objective function is calculated, the optimal modular bus skipping stop and relocation scheduling plan corresponding to the passenger demand of the corresponding route is obtained. As shown in the schematic diagram of the modular bus skipping stop and relocation scheduling method in Figure 3 , it includes: the departure time interval of modular buses , the modular bus skipping stop plan and , the modular bus relocation plan and the number of modular buses serving each stop .

[0076] In summary, the present invention provides a modular bus skipping stop and relocation scheduling method considering the station residence time. The method obtains the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus route and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determines the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops; defines the coupling operation of skipping stops and relocation as decision variables, and establishes a relational expression between the station residence time of the modular bus at the stop and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the single-door design feature and vehicle combination form of the modular bus; takes the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and sets the modular bus flow constraint and operation time constraint to construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model; solves the model to obtain the optimal modular bus skipping stop and relocation scheduling plan under the passenger demand of the route; through the present invention, the flexibility characteristics of the modular bus can be effectively utilized to flexibly change the total capacity of the modular bus during operation, and it can contribute to the implementation of the modular bus skipping stop method; in addition, the present invention considers the station residence time relational expression based on the design feature and combination form of the modular bus, making up for the deficiency in considering the time consistency analysis of coupling with other vehicles after the modular bus dissociates with skipping stops, thus being more in line with the actual situation and providing a decision-making basis for the bus operation management department to formulate a modular bus scheduling operation plan.

[0077] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0078] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate a means for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 a block or multiple blocks.

[0079] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction means that implements the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 a block or multiple blocks.

[0080] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 a block or multiple blocks.

[0081] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not a limitation of the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution content of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering the dwell time, characterized in that Including: Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops; Among them, the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops includes: the name of the bus stop, the position sequence of the bus stops , the order of modular bus operation shifts , the bus numbers after skip-stop dissociation in the modular fleet itinerary , the average running time from bus stop i to bus stop i+1 ; the bus passenger travel data information includes: the relational expression of passengers arriving at stop i over time , the proportion of bus passengers boarding at stop and getting off at stop i ; Define the coupled operation of skipping stops and relocation as decision variables, and establish a relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the stop and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form; Taking the minimum of the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model, including: (3.1) Construct the objective function with the minimum of the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost, and the formula is as follows: ； Among them and represent the operating cost of a modular bus unit vehicle, the repositioning cost of a modular bus unit vehicle, the waiting time cost per passenger unit, and the in-vehicle time cost per passenger unit respectively, represents the departure interval between modular bus trips j and j + 1, represents the number of passengers in the vehicle after modular bus trip j, vehicle k departs from stop i; is the decision variable for skip-stop operation; is the decision variable for repositioning operation; is the dwell time of the modular bus at the stop; represents the number of modular bus vehicles served at each stop; represents the number of passengers boarding modular bus trip j, vehicle k at stop i; Solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus stop-skipping and relocation scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of the corresponding line.

2. The modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method considering dwelling time according to claim 1, wherein Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information, and determine the number of passengers getting on and off at the stops. The specific implementation is as follows: (1.1) Obtain the geographical location information of a certain conventional bus line and stops and the bus passenger travel data information; (1.2) According to the bus passenger travel data information obtained in (1.1), determine the number of passengers getting on and off the modular bus of trip j and vehicle k at stop i, and the formula is as follows: ； wherein respectively represent the number of passengers boarding and alighting at stop i for modular bus trip j, vehicle k, represents the departure time of modular trip j, vehicle k from stop i.

3. A modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method considering dwell time according to claim 2, characterized in that Define the coupled operation of skipping stops and relocation as decision variables, and establish a relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the stop and the number of passengers getting on and off according to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form. The specific implementation is as follows: (2.1) Define the decision variables for skip-stop and repositioning operations , where is the decision variable for skip-stop operation. When the modular bus trip j, vehicle k serves station i, , otherwise ; When the modular bus schedule j, trip k, is coupled at stop i , otherwise ; When the modular bus trip j, vehicle k, during the journey, dissociates at stop i with a convoy of n vehicles and skips stop i+1 until coupling, , otherwise ; is the decision variable for the relocation operation. When the modular bus relocates from trip j, stop to trip j, stop i , otherwise , ; (2.2) According to the design characteristics of the modular bus single-door and the vehicle combination form, establish a relationship between the dwell time of the modular bus at the stop, the number of passengers getting on, and the number of passengers getting off, and the formula is as follows: ； wherein is the dwell time of the modular bus at the station, respectively represent the boarding time per passenger and the alighting time per passenger, represents the arrival time of trip k of shift j at station i, represents the arrival time of trip k + 1 of shift j at station i, and , represents the number of modular buses served at each station, represents the order S of the positions of bus stops excluding station 1 and station I.

4. A modular bus skip-stop and relocation scheduling method considering the dwell time according to claim 3, characterized in that, Taking the minimum of the sum of the passenger travel time cost and the vehicle operation cost as the objective function, and setting the modular bus flow constraint and the operation time constraint, construct a modular bus scheduling optimization model, and also include: (3.2) Set the modular bus flow constraint conditions, and the formula is as follows: ； Among them represents the number of modular vehicles required when modular bus trip j starts service, c represents the capacity of a unit of modular vehicle, and M is a positive number approaching infinity; (3.3) Set the modular bus operation time constraint conditions, and the formula is as follows: ； wherein respectively represent the minimum and maximum intervals of modular bus departures, represents a time interval such that there is sufficient time for the modular bus to reposition and be put into service after arriving at the station, represents the time constraint value for the modular bus to couple with other modular buses at subsequent stations after decoupling and skipping stations.

5. The modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering the dwell time according to claim 4, characterized in that Use the commercial solver CPLEX to solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model.

6. The modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling method considering the dwell time according to claim 5, characterized in that Solve the modular bus scheduling optimization model to obtain the optimal modular bus stop-skipping and relocation scheduling scheme under the passenger demand of the corresponding line. The specific implementation is as follows: When the objective function is calculated to be minimized, an optimal modular bus skip-stop and repositioning scheduling plan corresponding to the passenger demand of the corresponding route is obtained, including: obtaining the departure time interval of the modular bus , the decision variables of skip-stop and repositioning operations and the number of modular buses serving each stop .

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