Application of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde and composition containing p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde in inducing cotton bollworm

Abstract

The invention relates to application of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde and a composition containing the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde in inducing cotton bollworms. The invention finds that the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde has a remarkable attraction effect on the cotton bollworm, so that the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde can be developed into an attractant for attracting the cotton bollworm so as to achieve the aim of preventing and controlling the cotton bollworm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of attractants, and particularly to the application of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde and compositions containing the same in attracting Helicoverpa armigera. Background Art

[0002] Helicoverpa armigera Helicoverpa armigera is a major global agricultural pest with over 200 host plants. Currently, the control of Helicoverpa armigera mainly relies on chemical pesticides. However, the extensive use of chemical pesticides has brought problems such as environmental pollution, ecological damage, enhanced pest resistance, and may also cause harm to non-target organisms. In addition, pests such as Helicoverpa armigera are prone to develop resistance to chemical pesticides, resulting in a gradual decline in control efficacy, increasing the control cost and difficulty.

[0003] Insect behavior regulators are widely used in the green control of agricultural pests. These regulators are developed based on the sense of smell of insects and precisely regulate pest behavior by simulating or interfering with chemical communication through special odor compounds. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity of odor compounds, they can effectively attract or repel pests, are not likely to cause pests to develop resistance, do not cause long-term pollution to the ecosystem, have little impact on non-target organisms during use, and contribute to maintaining ecological balance.

[0004] Therefore, screening highly efficient compounds with attracting effects is of great significance for the green prevention and control of pests such as Helicoverpa armigera. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One aspect of the present invention provides the application of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde in attracting Helicoverpa armigera.

[0006] Another aspect of the present invention provides an attracting composition, which comprises p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0007] In a specific embodiment, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 0.1 to 50 micrograms.

[0008] In a specific embodiment, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 1 to 50 micrograms.

[0009] In a specific embodiment, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 20 to 50 micrograms.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 21 to 46 micrograms.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the attracting composition further comprises butyl salicylate, eucalyptol, alpha-pinene, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, and limonene.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, based on the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, butyl salicylate, eucalyptol, alpha-pinene, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, and limonene being 100%, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 18% to 24%, the dosage of butyl salicylate is 22% to 26%, the dosage of eucalyptol is 10% to 20%, the dosage of alpha-pinene is 18% to 24%, the dosage of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol is 8% to 15%, and the dosage of limonene is 5% to 10%.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, based on the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, butyl salicylate, eucalyptol, alpha-pinene, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, and limonene being 100%, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 21%, the dosage of butyl salicylate is 24%, the dosage of eucalyptol is 16%, the dosage of alpha-pinene is 21%, the dosage of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol is 11%, and the dosage of limonene is 7%.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the attracting composition further includes methyl 2-methoxybenzoate and isoamyl alcohol.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, based on the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, and isoamyl alcohol being 100%, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 40% to 50%, the dosage of methyl 2-methoxybenzoate is 20% to 25%, and the dosage of isoamyl alcohol is 30% to 35%.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, based on the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, and isoamyl alcohol being 100%, the dosage of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 46%, the dosage of methyl 2-methoxybenzoate is 22%, and the dosage of isoamyl alcohol is 32%.

[0017] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the attracting composition described in the second aspect of the present invention in attracting Helicoverpa armigera.

[0018] Advantages of the present invention: The present invention discovers that p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde has a significant attracting effect on Helicoverpa armigera. Therefore, it can be developed into an attractant for attracting Helicoverpa armigera to achieve the purpose of controlling Helicoverpa armigera. Further, p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde has the following significant advantages: the attracting effect is significant, and it can still exhibit significant attracting activity on Helicoverpa armigera at an extremely low dose of 0.1 micrograms. The development of this attracting compound can not only reduce the usage amount of chemical pesticides, but also effectively protect natural enemy insects and promote agricultural ecological safety. Further, the composition containing p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde also has a better attracting effect on Helicoverpa armigera. Generally speaking, p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde and its composition have the advantages of significant Helicoverpa armigera attracting effect, environmental friendliness, not easily generating resistance, and broad application prospects, which are of great significance for the green prevention and control of pests such as Helicoverpa armigera. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 Shows the electrophysiological response activity of cells heterologously expressing the odorant receptor protein of Helicoverpa armigera to the odorant compounds to be tested.

[0020] Figure 2 Shows the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards phenylacetaldehyde.

[0021] Figure 3 Shows the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde.

[0022] Figure 4 Shows the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards 2,3-difluorophenylacetaldehyde.

[0023] Figure 5 Shows the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards 3,4-difluorophenylacetaldehyde.

[0024] Figure 6 Shows the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards 3,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde.

[0025] Figure 7 Shows the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards 2-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde.

[0026] Figure 8 Shows the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde.

[0027] Figure 9 Shows the comparison of the choice behavior of Helicoverpa armigera between phenylacetaldehyde and p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde.

[0028] Figure 10 Shows the field choice of Helicoverpa armigera between the phenylacetaldehyde attractant composition and the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attractant composition in Example 4.

[0029] Figure 11 Shows the field choice of Helicoverpa armigera between the phenylacetaldehyde attractant composition and the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attractant composition in Example 5. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0030] The above content of the present invention is further described in detail below in the form of preferred embodiments, but it does not limit the present invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents in the embodiments of the present invention can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0032] The compound p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde used in the present invention has the English name (4-Fluoro-phenyl)-acetaldehyde and the structural formula is as follows: .

[0033] The compound 2,3-difluorophenylacetaldehyde used in the present invention has the English name 2,3-Difluorophenylacetaldehyde, and its structural formula is as follows: 。

[0034] The compound 3,4-difluorophenylacetaldehyde used in the present invention has the English name (3,4-Difluorophenyl)acetaldehyde, and its structural formula is as follows: 。

[0035] The compound 3,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde used in the present invention has the English name (3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde, and its structural formula is as follows: 。

[0036] The compound 2,3,4-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde used in the present invention has the English name (2,3,4-Trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde, and its structural formula is as follows: 。

[0037] The compound 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde used in the present invention has the English name (2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde, and its structural formula is as follows: 。

[0038] Phenylacetaldehyde was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd.

[0039] p-Fluorophenylacetaldehyde was purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd.

[0040] 2,3-Difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2,3,4-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde and 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde were all purchased from Zhengzhou Alfa Chemical Co., Ltd. Example 1: Electrophysiological response activity of cells heterologously expressing the odorant receptor protein of Helicoverpa armigera to the odorant compounds to be tested

[0041] Phenylacetaldehyde, p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2,3-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde and 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde were respectively prepared into stock solutions with a concentration of 1 mol / L using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

[0042] 10× Ringer: 56.1 g of NaCl, 1.5 g of KCl, 10.2 g of MgCl₂·6H₂O, 11.9 g of HEPES. Adjust the pH to 7.6 with NaOH and make up the volume to 1 L with sterile ultrapure water. Filter through a membrane filter for later use.

[0043] Prepare stock solutions of tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and sodium pyruvate at 50 mg / mL, 100 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL and 275 mg / mL respectively with sterile ultrapure water.

[0044] 100× CaCl₂ stock solution: Weigh 4.41 g of CaCl₂·2H₂O and make up the volume to 500 mL with distilled water to obtain a 60 mM CaCl₂ solution. Filter through a membrane filter for later use.

[0045] Washing buffer for Xenopus oocytes: 100 mL of 10× Ringer, 1 mL of gentamicin stock solution. Make up the volume to 1 L with sterile ultrapure water. Filter through a membrane filter for later use.

[0046] Culture medium for Xenopus oocytes: 100 mL of 10× Ringer, 10 mL of 100× CaCl₂, 50 mL of horse serum, 1 mL of tetracycline stock solution, 1 mL of streptomycin stock solution and 2 mL of sodium pyruvate stock solution. Make up the volume to 1 L with sterile ultrapure water. Filter through a membrane filter for later use.

[0047] Perfusion buffer (1× Ringer): 100 mL of 10× Ringer, 1 mL of gentamicin stock solution, 10 mL of 100× CaCl₂ stock solution. Make up the volume to 1 L with sterile ultrapure water. Filter through a membrane filter for later use.

[0048] Before testing, dilute the stock solution of the odorant compound to be tested to a working concentration of 1.0×10 -4 mol / L with the perfusion buffer to obtain the odorant compound solution to be tested.

[0049] Heterologously express the odorant receptors HarmOR42 and HarmOrco of Helicoverpa armigera in Xenopus laevis oocytes (Guo M, Du L, Chen Q et al. Odorant Receptors for Detecting Flowering Plant Cues Are Functionally Conserved across Moths and Butterflies. Mol Biol Evol. 2021 Apr 13;38(4):1413-1427), and then use a two-electrode voltage clamp system to measure the current value of the test solution of the odorant compounds to be screened in the Xenopus laevis oocytes. Injecting an equal volume of RNase-free ultrapure water into the Xenopus laevis oocytes serves as a negative control. The operation is as follows: Select mature female Xenopus laevis, dissect and isolate the Xenopus laevis oocytes, and wash the isolated Xenopus laevis oocytes with Xenopus laevis oocyte wash solution to obtain clean Xenopus laevis oocytes (stage V–VII). Among them, the Xenopus laevis oocytes isolated from the same Xenopus laevis are of the same batch. Mix 2 μg / μL HarmOR42 cRNA solution and 2 μg / μL HarmOrco cRNA solution in equal amounts, and inject 27.6 nL into the Xenopus laevis oocytes. The negative control group injects 27.6 nL of RNase-free ultrapure water into the Xenopus laevis oocytes; Place the injected oocytes in Xenopus laevis oocyte medium and culture them in an 18 °C incubator for 3 days. Then use a two-electrode voltage clamp (OC-725C oocyte clamp, Warner Instruments, Hamden, CT) to test the response of the oocytes to the odorant compounds to be tested, specifically as follows: First, rinse the Xenopus laevis oocytes with perfusion buffer. During the test, close the perfusion buffer and open the odorant compound solution to be tested. Record for 15 s by Digidata 1440A. After recording for 15 s, close the odorant compound solution to be tested and open the perfusion buffer to rinse the oocytes at the same time. Each biological replicate is 5 or 6 Xenopus laevis oocytes of the same batch, and the biological replicates are performed 3 times. Read the recorded data by Digidata 1440A software, and use pCLAMP 10.2 software to statistically analyze the read data to determine the initial current value (i.e., the data measured when rinsing with perfusion buffer) and the maximum current value (i.e., the data measured when rinsing with the odorant compound solution to be tested). The difference between the two is the electrophysiological response value of the odorant compound to be tested, that is, the current value. Among them, the current value generated by the negative control group is 0. The current values (i.e., normalized response values) of the oocytes' responses to each odorant compound to be tested are statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical method, and plotted using GraphPad Prism 9.5.1. The results are as Figure 1 shown.

[0050] Figure 1 The results showed that the HarmOR42 protein could be activated by phenylacetaldehyde, p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2,3-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde and 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde. Among them, there was no significant difference between each fluorine-containing test compound and phenylacetaldehyde. Example 2: Selection behavior of Helicoverpa armigera towards test odor compounds

[0051] p-Fluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2,3-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde and 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde were respectively formulated into test odor compound solutions with concentrations of 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 μg / μL using n-hexane.

[0052] The Y-tube was used to measure the behavioral selection responses of male and female adult Helicoverpa armigera towards the test odor compounds.

[0053] The Y-tube was a colorless and transparent glass tube with a diameter of about 2.5 cm, a main arm length of 14 cm, two arm lengths of 27 cm, and an angle of 75 degrees between the two arms. The Y-tube was placed flat on the table, with the main arm at the proximal end of the operator and the two side arms at the distal end of the operator. A 5W red light lamp was placed at the middle position between the outlets of the two side arms as a light source. The QC-1B air sampler was used as the air flow power system (Beijing Institute of Labor Protection). The gas flowing out of the air sampler first passed through activated carbon filtration, then through a humidifying bottle for humidification, and finally through a flow meter and the odor source to reach the two arms of the Y-tube. The gas flow rate of the two side arms of the Y-tube was 0.4 L / min. All devices were connected by silica gel tubes. The indoor temperature of the behavioral experiment was 25 ± 1 °C, and the humidity was 55% ± 5%.

[0054] Before the experiment started, the air flow rates of the two side arms were adjusted to be the same. For the above-mentioned one compound test sample, the number of 3-day-old male and female Helicoverpa armigera entering the dark period for 4 h was not less than 50, recorded as the number of selected insects not less than 25, one at a time. After every 5 tests were completed, the positions of the experimental group (test compound) and the blank control group (n-hexane) were interchanged to eliminate the influence of position effect on the test insects. After every 10 tests were completed, a clean Y-tube was replaced. After the experiment ended, the Y-tube was washed with water and baked in an oven at 180 °C for 2 h.

[0055] Take 10 μL of the odor compound solution to be tested and drop it on a filter paper of 1×1 cm. Place the filter paper in one arm of the Y-tube, and use 10 μL of n-hexane as a blank control in the other arm. Put a single adult Helicoverpa armigera into the main arm of the Y-tube, and record the selection results of the test insects within 5 min. When the Helicoverpa armigera enters one side arm and stays for 1 min or more after exceeding 1 / 3 of the side wall length, it means that the test insect has made a clear choice for the odor source connected to this side arm; otherwise, it is recorded as no choice. After statistics, calculate the selection rate, and the results are shown in Figures 2 to 8 。

[0056] Figures 2 to 8 The results show that phenylacetaldehyde can significantly attract both male and female adult Helicoverpa armigera at 1 μg, and can significantly attract female Helicoverpa armigera at 10 μg; p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde can significantly attract both male and female adult Helicoverpa armigera at 0.1 - 10 μg; while 2,3-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4-difluorophenylacetaldehyde, 3,4,5-trifluorophenylacetaldehyde, 2-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde and 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)acetaldehyde do not show the effect of attracting male and female adult Helicoverpa armigera. Example 3: Comparison of the selection behaviors of Helicoverpa armigera towards phenylacetaldehyde and p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde

[0057] Prepare the odor compound solutions to be tested with phenylacetaldehyde and p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde respectively in n-hexane at a concentration of 0.10 μg / μL.

[0058] Put phenylacetaldehyde into one arm of the Y-tube; put p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde into the other arm of the Y-tube. Other operations are the same as in Example 2 to compare the selection behaviors of Helicoverpa armigera towards phenylacetaldehyde and p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde. The results are shown in Figure 9 。

[0059] Figure 9 The results show that the attracting effect of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde on male and female adult Helicoverpa armigera is significantly higher than that of phenylacetaldehyde. Example 4: Comparison of the selection behaviors of Helicoverpa armigera towards the compositions containing p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde or phenylacetaldehyde

[0060] Mix 21 μg of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, 24 μg of butyl salicylate, 16 μg of eucalyptol, 21 μg of α-pinene, 11 μg of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 7 μg of limonene and 100 μL of solvent paraffin oil evenly to prepare a p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attracting composition.

[0061] Mix 21 μg of phenylacetaldehyde, 24 μg of butyl salicylate, 16 μg of eucalyptol, 21 μg of α-pinene, 11 μg of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 7 μg of limonene and 100 μL of solvent paraffin oil evenly to prepare a phenylacetaldehyde attracting composition.

[0062] The attraction experiment was conducted in a soybean field in Baoding, Hebei from September to October 2024: 20 μL of the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attraction composition and 20 μL of the phenylacetaldehyde attraction composition were respectively dropped onto cotton roll lures, and then the cotton roll lures with each attraction composition dropped were respectively placed in breathable mesh bags and numbered for recording. The cotton roll lures placed in the mesh bags were placed at the center of barrel-shaped traps. Five soybean fields with the same sowing period, similar growth, and non-adjacent positions were selected, with each field being 2 mu. In each field, 3 traps with the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attraction composition and 3 traps with the phenylacetaldehyde attraction composition were evenly placed, and they were randomly placed with the numbers scrambled during placement. That is, 5 replicates were set, and 1 field was 1 replicate. Starting from the 4th day after placement, the number of adult cotton bollworms trapped was investigated and recorded every 3 days, and the investigation continued until the 11th day. The effect of attracting cotton bollworms in the field was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Figure 10 .

[0063] From Figure 10 it can be seen that the number of adult cotton bollworms attracted by the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attraction composition is significantly higher than that of the phenylacetaldehyde attraction composition. Example 5: Comparison of the selection behavior of cotton bollworms towards compositions containing p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde or phenylacetaldehyde

[0064] 46 μg of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, 22 μg of methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, 32 μg of isoamyl alcohol, and 100 μL of solvent paraffin oil were mixed evenly to prepare the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attraction composition.

[0065] 46 μg of phenylacetaldehyde, 22 μg of methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, 32 μg of isoamyl alcohol, and 100 μL of solvent paraffin oil were mixed evenly to prepare the phenylacetaldehyde attraction composition.

[0066] The attraction experiment was conducted in a soybean field in Baoding, Hebei from September to October 2024: 20 μL of the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attraction composition and 20 μL of the phenylacetaldehyde attraction composition were respectively dropped onto cotton roll lures, and then the cotton roll lures with each attraction composition dropped were respectively placed in breathable mesh bags and numbered for recording. The cotton roll lures placed in the mesh bags were placed at the center of barrel-shaped traps. Five soybean fields with the same sowing period, similar growth, and non-adjacent positions were selected, with each field being 2 mu. In each field, 3 traps with the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attraction composition and 3 traps with the phenylacetaldehyde attraction composition were evenly placed, and they were randomly placed with the numbers scrambled during placement. That is, 5 replicates were set, and 1 field was 1 replicate. Starting from the 4th day after placement, the number of adult cotton bollworms trapped was investigated and recorded every 3 days, and the investigation continued until the 11th day. The effect of attracting cotton bollworms in the field was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Figure 11 .

[0067] From Figure 11 it can be seen that the number of adult cotton bollworms attracted by the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde attraction composition is significantly higher than that of the phenylacetaldehyde attraction composition.

Claims

1. Application of 4-fluorophenylacetaldehyde in attracting cotton bollworm.

2. An attractant composition comprising p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde and a pesticidal acceptable carrier.

3. The attractant composition according to claim 2, characterized in that The dosage of the p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 0.1 to 50 micrograms.

4. The attractant composition according to claim 2, characterized in that The attractant composition also includes butyl salicylate, eucalyptol, ALPHA-pinene, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and limonene.

5. The attractant composition according to claim 4, characterized in that Taking the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, butyl salicylate, eucalyptol, ALPHA-pinene, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and limonene as 100%, the amount of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 18% to 24%, the amount of butyl salicylate is 22% to 26%, the amount of eucalyptol is 10% to 20%, the amount of ALPHA-pinene is 18% to 24%, the amount of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol is 8% to 15%, and the amount of limonene is 5% to 10%.

6. The attractant composition according to claim 4, characterized in that Taking the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, butyl salicylate, eucalyptol, ALPHA-pinene, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and limonene as 100%, the amount of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 21%, the amount of butyl salicylate is 24%, the amount of eucalyptol is 16%, the amount of ALPHA-pinene is 21%, the amount of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol is 11%, and the amount of limonene is 7%.

7. The attractant composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The attractant composition also includes methyl 2-methoxybenzoate and isoamyl alcohol.

8. The attractant composition according to claim 7, characterized in that Taking the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate and isoamyl alcohol as 100%, the amount of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 40% to 50%, the amount of methyl 2-methoxybenzoate is 20% to 25%, and the amount of isoamyl alcohol is 30% to 35%.

9. The attractant composition according to claim 7, characterized in that: Taking the total mass of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde, methyl 2-methoxybenzoate and isoamyl alcohol as 100%, the amount of p-fluorophenylacetaldehyde is 46%, the amount of methyl 2-methoxybenzoate is 22%, and the amount of isoamyl alcohol is 32%.

10. Use of the attractant composition according to any one of claims 2 to 9 in attracting cotton bollworm.

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