Landslide simulation system and method based on high-altitude cold region

Abstract

The invention relates to a landslide simulation system and method based on a high-altitude cold region, relates to the technical field of simulation tests, and aims to enable data obtained by a landslide simulation test to be more real and accurate and provide scientific basis and technical support for design and construction of a tailing pond in the high-altitude cold region. Comprising a temperature control device, a landslide simulation device, a monitoring device and a control device, the temperature control device comprises a sealed box body structure, a rainfall structure, a refrigeration structure and a heating structure, the water spraying end of the rainfall structure is arranged in the sealed box body structure, the refrigeration structure and the heating structure are both communicated with the sealed box body structure, and the sealed box body structure is fixedly communicated with an exhaust structure; the temperature control device is used for simulating a freeze-thaw cycle phenomenon; the landslide simulation device is used for simulating a landslide scene under a freezing and thawing cycle; the monitoring device is used for monitoring landslide conditions in real time; the control device is electrically connected with the refrigeration structure, the heating structure, the rainfall structure, the landslide simulation device and the monitoring device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of simulation tests, and more particularly to a landslide simulation system and method based on a high-altitude cold region. Background Art

[0002] Constructing a tailings pond in a region with high altitude and extremely cold climate is extremely difficult due to the unique climate conditions in this area. The dam body of the tailings pond not only needs to withstand the impacts of conventional seepage, strong winds and other natural forces, but also has to endure the severe test of the special environmental factor of freeze-thaw cycles. Frozen soil, as a soil medium that is extremely sensitive to temperature changes, the underground ice contained in it becomes a significant feature that differentiates it from traditional geotechnical engineering.

[0003] Based on existing research results and in-depth insights from long-term engineering practices, we have discovered a key phenomenon in frozen soil: when the frost heave in frozen soil is restricted externally, the structure will be significantly affected by the frost heave force, and at the same time, the melting of the ice phase in the soil directly causes the soil to settle. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in the tailings dam formed by the accumulation of loose tailings sand. Due to the too-fast dam construction speed, a large number of ice-phase structures are easily formed inside the dam body. As the temperature rises, these ice-phase structures will gradually turn into the liquid phase, and with the frequent action of freeze-thaw cycles, the mechanical properties of the geotechnical body of the tailings pond will gradually weaken, while the permeability characteristics are significantly enhanced, which has a profound impact on the settlement, seepage and deformation behaviors of the tailings dam.

[0004] In view of the severity of the above problems, there is an urgent need for a more realistic simulation test environment at present. Through landslide simulation tests, we can deeply explore the freezing depth characteristics of seasonal frozen soil in high-altitude cold tailings reservoir areas, so as to reveal the profound impact of the periodic changes of seasonal frozen soil freezing in winter and melting in summer on the stability and safety of tailings ponds. This is not only crucial for the safe construction and long-term operation of tailings ponds, but also provides a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailings ponds in high-altitude cold regions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a landslide simulation system and method based on a high-altitude cold region, aiming to make the data obtained from landslide simulation tests more real and accurate, and providing a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailings ponds in high-altitude cold regions.

[0006] To achieve the above object, a landslide simulation system based on a high-altitude cold region provided by the present invention includes: Temperature control device, the temperature control device includes a sealed box structure, a rainfall structure, a refrigeration structure and a heating structure, the water spraying end of the rainfall structure is arranged inside the sealed box structure, the refrigeration structure and the heating structure are both communicated with the sealed box structure, the sealed box structure is fixedly communicated with an exhaust structure, and the temperature control device is used to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle phenomenon; Landslide simulation device, the landslide simulation device includes a frozen soil model, a dam body model and a tailings pond accumulation model, the interiors of the frozen soil model, the dam body model and the tailings pond accumulation model all contain ice phase structures, the frozen soil model is set to be concave, the dam body model is arranged at the entrance of the frozen soil model, several drain pipes are arranged inside the dam body model, the tailings pond accumulation model is arranged on the frozen soil model, the frozen soil model is arranged inside the sealed box structure, and the landslide simulation device is used to simulate the landslide scenario under the freeze-thaw cycle; a protection net is arranged on the frozen soil model to simulate the reinforcement effect of plant roots on the frozen soil; Monitoring device, the monitoring device is installed inside the sealed box structure, the frozen soil model, the dam body model and the tailings pond accumulation model for real-time monitoring of the landslide situation; Control device, the control device is electrically connected to the refrigeration structure, the heating structure, the rainfall structure, the landslide simulation device and the monitoring device.

[0007] With such a setting, through the mutual cooperation of the landslide simulation device, the monitoring device, the control device, the sealed box structure, the exhaust structure, the rainfall structure, the refrigeration structure and the heating structure, the test environment is made closer to the real environment, so that the data obtained from the landslide simulation test is more real and accurate, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailings ponds in high-altitude cold regions.

[0008] Furthermore, the sealed box structure includes a box body and a sealed door, the monitoring device is arranged inside the box body, heat insulation layers are arranged inside both the box body and the sealed door, the sealed door is slidably connected to the opening end of the box body through a lifting component, and a sealing component is fixedly arranged between the box body and the sealed door; the box body is fixedly communicated with both the refrigeration structure and the heating structure, and the water spraying end of the rainfall structure is arranged inside the box body.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening end of the box body is fixedly connected with an operation platform, and the upper surface of the operation platform is on the same plane as the inner bottom surface of the box body.

[0010] Furthermore, the landslide simulation device further includes an electric mobile platform and a transparent simulation box. The electric mobile platform is arranged on the operation platform, the transparent simulation box is fixedly installed on the electric mobile platform, and the frozen soil model is arranged inside the transparent simulation box. A water outlet is formed on one side of the transparent simulation box. A water receiving ring is arranged on the electric mobile platform. The water receiving ring is located outside the transparent simulation box. A drainage port is formed on the water receiving ring. A drain pipe is fixedly installed on the box body. The outlet end of the drain pipe penetrates through the box body, and the inlet end of the drain pipe is detachably connected to the drainage port.

[0011] Furthermore, the electric mobile platform includes a mounting frame and a first motor. The first motor and the water receiving ring are both fixedly installed on the mounting frame. A plurality of rotating shafts are rotatably installed on the mounting frame. Rolling wheels are fixedly installed at both ends of each rotating shaft. The first motor is in transmission connection with one of the rotating shafts, and a transmission component is in transmission connection between the rotating shafts.

[0012] Furthermore, the monitoring device includes a high-speed camera, a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, an inclination sensor, a stress-strain sensor, and a soil moisture sensor. The temperature sensor, the displacement sensor, the inclination sensor, the stress-strain sensor, and the soil moisture sensor are all installed at key positions of the frozen soil model, the dam body model, and the tailings pond accumulation model. The high-speed camera is arranged inside the box body.

[0013] Furthermore, the lifting component includes a lifting frame and a second motor. The lifting frames are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the box body. A sliding groove is formed on each lifting frame. Sliding blocks are fixedly connected to both sides of the sealing door. The sliding blocks are slidably connected in the corresponding sliding grooves. A suspension cable is fixedly connected to each sliding block. The second motors are fixedly installed on each lifting frame. Each second motor is in transmission connection with a reel. A lifting pulley is installed at the top end of the lifting frame. The free end of each suspension cable bypasses the lifting pulley and is fixedly wound on the reel.

[0014] Furthermore, the rainfall structure includes a water pump and a sprinkler head. The inlet end of the water pump is fixedly communicated with a water source, and the outlet end is fixedly communicated with a water delivery pipe. The end of the water delivery pipe penetrates through the box body and is fixedly communicated with the sprinkler head. The spraying range of the sprinkler head covers directly above the transparent simulation box. A first control valve is fixedly installed on the water delivery pipe.

[0015] Further, the refrigeration structure includes a cold source box, a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator. The cold source box is fixedly connected to the suction port of the compressor through a pipeline. The discharge port of the compressor is fixedly connected to the inlet of the condenser through a high-pressure pipeline. The outlet of the condenser is fixedly connected to the evaporator through a low-pressure pipeline. An expansion valve is fixedly installed between the condenser and the evaporator. A hollow layer is provided inside the box. One outer wall of the hollow layer is fixedly connected to the insulation layer, and a plurality of air inlets are provided on the other side. The outlet of the evaporator is fixedly connected to the hollow layer of the box through a pipeline.

[0016] A landslide simulation method based on high-altitude cold regions, which is applicable to the above-mentioned landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions, is characterized by including the following steps: S1: Referring to the actual situation, lay the frozen soil model, the dam body model, and the tailings pond accumulation model in the transparent simulation box. At the same time, install temperature sensors, displacement sensors, inclination sensors, stress-strain sensors, and soil moisture sensors at key positions of the frozen soil model, the dam body model, and the tailings pond accumulation model, and start the displacement sensors, inclination sensors, and stress-strain sensors. S2: Start the first motor to drive the rolling wheels and move the transparent simulation box with the mounting frame into the box. At the same time, adjust the rotation speed of the first motor in real time according to the data changes monitored by the displacement sensors, inclination sensors, and stress-strain sensors. S3: Manually connect the drain pipe to the drainage port, and after installation, the operator exits the box. S4: Start the second motor and lower the sling to complete the closing of the sealing door. S5: Start the high-speed camera, temperature sensors, and soil moisture sensors. S6: According to the data set in advance with reference to the actual environment, alternately start the refrigeration structure and the heating structure, control the temperature change inside the box, and conduct an experiment on the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on landslides. S7: When performing step S6, judge whether to start the water pump according to the data transmitted back by the soil moisture sensor. If necessary, start the water pump and the first control valve to control the water flow. If not, do not start. S8: Obtain the influence structure of freeze-thaw cycles on landslides based on the data obtained during steps S6 - S7. S9: After the experiment is completed, start the second motor, wind up the sling, and open the sealing door. S10: After the environment inside the box is suitable for human entry, the operator enters the box to remove the drain pipe from the drainage port, and then the operator exits the box. S11: Start the first motor to drive the rolling wheels and move the transparent simulation box with the mounting frame to the operation platform. S12: Clean the transparent simulation box and the water storage ring for the next use.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Through the mutual cooperation of the landslide simulation device, the monitoring device, the control device, the sealed box structure, the exhaust structure, the rainfall structure, the refrigeration structure and the heating structure, the test environment is closer to the real environment, so that the data obtained from the landslide simulation test is more real and accurate, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailing ponds in high-altitude cold regions; 2. Through the mutual cooperation of the high-speed camera, the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor, the inclination sensor, the stress-strain sensor and the soil moisture sensor, the changes occurring in the frozen soil model and the tailing pond accumulation model in the transparent simulation box can be monitored in real time, and various data can be collected to judge the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on landslides; 3. Through the mutual cooperation of the water storage ring, the drainage port, the water outlet and the drain pipe, the drainage effect is achieved, and the water storage ring can effectively avoid the phenomenon that a large amount of water falls into the box body when the nozzle sprays water, and can maintain the cleanliness inside the box body; 4. Through the mutual cooperation of the tailing pond accumulation model, the frozen soil model, the dam body model and the protective net, the landslide simulation device is closer to the real environment, so that the data obtained from the test is more accurate and practical. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first perspective of the landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is of the landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view of the partial A; Figure 3 It is of the landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view of the partial B; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second perspective of the landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a sectional structure diagram of the transparent simulation box in the landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the third perspective of the landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is of the landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 6 The enlarged view of the partial C.

[0019] Among them, there are a sealed box structure 10, a box body 101, a sealed door 102, an air inlet 103, a drain pipe 104, a sealing strip 105, and a hollow layer 106; A rainfall structure 11, a water delivery pipe 111, and a sprinkler 112; A refrigeration structure 12 and an evaporator 121; A heating structure 13 and a conveying pipeline 131; An exhaust structure 14, an exhaust pipe 141, and an exhaust fan 142; A lifting assembly 15, a lifting frame 151, a sliding groove 152, a sliding block 153, a suspension cable 154, a second motor 155, a reel 156, a transition pulley 157, and a hanging pulley 158; An operation platform 201 and a moving groove 202; A mounting bracket 211, a water receiving ring 212, a drainage port 213, a rolling wheel 214, a transparent simulation box 215, a chain 216, a first motor 217, and a water outlet 219; A tailings pond accumulation model 301, a frozen soil model 302, a dam body model 303, and a discharge pipe 304; A high-speed camera 401. Specific embodiments

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described here are only for illustrative purposes and do not limit the present invention. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention does not necessarily require these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, software, or methods have not been specifically described in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.

[0021] Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "one example", or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment", "in an embodiment", "one example", or "an example" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or example. Additionally, the specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1, an embodiment of a landslide simulation system and method based on a high-altitude cold region is provided by the present invention. The system includes: a temperature control device, a landslide simulation device, a monitoring device, and a control device. The temperature control device includes a sealed box structure 10, a rainfall structure 11, a refrigeration structure 12, and a heating structure 13. The water spraying end of the rainfall structure 11 is arranged inside the sealed box structure 10. Both the refrigeration structure 12 and the heating structure 13 are communicated with the sealed box structure 10. The sealed box structure 10 is fixedly communicated with an exhaust structure 14. The temperature control device is used to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle phenomenon. The landslide simulation device includes a frozen soil model 302, a dam body model 303, and a tailings pond accumulation model 301. The interiors of the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 all contain ice-phase structures. The frozen soil model 302 is arranged in a concave shape. The dam body model 303 is arranged at the entrance of the frozen soil model 302. A plurality of drain pipes 304 are arranged inside the dam body model 303. The tailings pond accumulation model 301 is arranged on the frozen soil model 302. The frozen soil model 302 is arranged inside the sealed box structure 10. The landslide simulation device is used to simulate the landslide scenario under the freeze-thaw cycle; a protective net is arranged on the frozen soil model 302 to simulate the reinforcement effect of plant roots on the frozen soil. The monitoring device is installed inside the sealed box structure 10, the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301, and is used to monitor the landslide situation in real time. The control device is electrically connected to the refrigeration structure 12, the heating structure 13, the rainfall structure 11, the landslide simulation device, and the monitoring device, and is used to control the normal operation of the entire system.

[0023] When conducting a landslide simulation test, various environmental data related to the freeze-thaw cycle in a high-altitude cold region and the composition of frozen soil are collected in advance. Then, the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 are piled up according to the actual situation. And a protective net is made in the frozen soil model 302 according to the actual detected situation of plant roots to simulate the reinforcement effect of plant roots on the frozen soil, so that the frozen soil model 302 is closer to the real situation, and thus the data obtained from the test is more accurate and practical. Then, the exhaust structure 14, the rainfall structure 11, the refrigeration structure 12, the heating structure 13, and the control device are used to control various environmental data inside the sealed box structure 10, and the monitoring device can adjust various data in real time, so that the test environment is closer to the real environment, so that the data obtained from the landslide simulation test is more real and accurate, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailings ponds in high-altitude cold regions.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 7, in this embodiment, the sealed box structure 10 includes a box body 101 and a sealed door 102. The monitoring device is arranged inside the box body 101 and is used to monitor various environmental data inside the box in real time and the changes of the landslide simulation device in real time. Heat insulation layers are arranged in both the box body 101 and the sealed door 102. The sealed door 102 is slidably connected to the opening end of the box body 101 through a lifting component 15. A sealing component is fixedly arranged between the box body 101 and the sealed door 102. The box body 101 is fixedly communicated with both the refrigeration structure 12 and the heating structure 13. The water spraying end of the rainfall structure 11 is arranged inside the box body 101. After the landslide simulation device completely enters the box body 101, the sealed door 102 is slid, and through the cooperation with the sealing component, the inside of the box body 101 becomes a sealed space, achieving the purpose of controlling variables and facilitating the obtaining of more accurate test results. In this embodiment, the sealing component is set as a sealing strip 105. Sealing strips 105 are fixedly connected to the three sides where the opening end of the box body 101 is connected to the operation platform 201, and the bottom of the sealed door 102 is fixedly connected with a sealing strip 105. After the sealed door 102 is closed, the sealing effect is achieved through the sealing strips 105 around, avoiding the interference of external temperature and other factors on the test results.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 4 , in this embodiment, the opening end of the box body 101 is fixedly connected with an operation platform 201. The upper surface of the operation platform 201 is on the same plane as the inner bottom surface of the box body 101, facilitating the smooth back-and-forth movement of the landslide simulation device between the operation platform 201 and the inside of the box body 101, thereby reducing the impact on the landslide simulation device during movement. During actual use, this operation platform 201 may not be required either, and the staff can directly install the landslide simulation device inside the box body 101. However, this embodiment is more conducive to the installation of the landslide simulation device. The operation platform 201 has a large operation space, and it is more convenient to use other equipment for assistance when setting up the landslide simulation device. The size of the auxiliary equipment is not limited by the size of the box body 101, which is not only more convenient but also more efficient.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 4-5, in this embodiment, the landslide simulation device further includes an electric mobile platform and a transparent simulation box 215. The electric mobile platform is slidably installed on the operation platform 201, the transparent simulation box 215 is fixedly installed on the electric mobile platform, and the frozen soil model 302 is arranged in the transparent simulation box 215. A water outlet 219 is formed on one side of the transparent simulation box 215. A water receiving ring 212 is arranged on the electric mobile platform. The water receiving ring 212 is located outside the transparent simulation box 215. A drainage port 213 is formed on the water receiving ring 212. A drain pipe 104 is fixedly installed on the box body 101. The outlet end of the drain pipe 104 penetrates through the box body 101, and the inlet end of the drain pipe 104 is detachably connected to the drainage port 213. During use, first install the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 in the transparent simulation box 215 at the operation platform 201, then transport the transparent simulation box 215 into the box body 101 through the electric mobile platform, and then manually install the drain pipe 104 at the drainage port 213 for subsequent tests. During the test, the excess liquid water can be discharged out of the box body 101 through the water outlet 219 along the drain pipe 104. A water tank can be connected to the outlet end of the drain pipe 104 to prevent the water from flowing to other places and polluting the environment. During the actual operation process, the rotation speed of the first motor is adjusted according to the conditions of the tailings pond accumulation model 301, the dam body model 303, and the frozen soil model 302 monitored by the monitoring device in real time, that is, the moving speed of the transparent simulation box 215 is adjusted, so as to avoid the adverse effects of too fast or uneven moving speed on the tailings pond accumulation model 301, the dam body model 303, and the frozen soil model 302 in the transparent simulation box 215, thereby affecting the accuracy of the test results. Space for landslides is reserved for the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 in the transparent simulation box 215.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4, in this embodiment, the electric mobile platform includes a mounting frame 211 and a first motor 217. The first motor 217 and the water-containing ring 212 are both fixedly installed on the mounting frame 211. A plurality of rotating shafts are rotatably installed on the mounting frame 211. Rolling wheels 214 are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating shafts. The first motor 217 is in transmission connection with one of the rotating shafts, that is, the output shaft of the first motor 217 is fixedly connected to this rotating shaft. A transmission component is in transmission connection between the rotating shafts. During use, the first motor 217 is started. The output shaft of the first motor 217 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the rolling wheels 214 to rotate. At the same time, the remaining rolling wheels 214 are driven to rotate through the transmission component, that is, the effect of moving the mounting frame 211 is achieved, facilitating the reciprocating movement of the mounting frame 211 between the operation platform 201 and the inside of the box body 101. At the same time, the use of the water-containing ring 212 can effectively avoid the phenomenon that a large amount of water falls into the box body 101 when the nozzle 112 sprays water, and can maintain the cleanliness inside the box body 101. In this embodiment, moving grooves 202 matching the rolling wheels 214 are formed on the inner bottom plates of the operation platform 201 and the box body 101. The rolling wheels 214 are slidably connected in the moving grooves 202, achieving the effect of controlling the moving direction of the mounting frame 211, avoiding the phenomenon that the mounting frame 211 deviates during movement, and even severely colliding with other devices, that is, avoiding changes in the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 before the start of the test. During actual use, the shape of the sealing strip 105 fixedly connected below the sealing door 102 is set to match the moving groove 202 to achieve the effect of sealing the box body 101.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1 , in this embodiment, the transmission component includes a chain 216 and sprockets. Sprockets are fixedly sleeved on each rotating shaft. The chain 216 is tensioned between the sprockets on at least two rotating shafts. When one of the rotating shafts rotates with the output shaft of the motor, the sprocket on this rotating shaft drives the corresponding chain 216, sprocket, rotating shaft, and rolling wheel 214 to rotate in sequence, achieving the effect of transmission rotation, that is, achieving the effect of moving the mounting frame 211.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 5-7, in this embodiment, the monitoring device includes a high-speed camera 401, a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, an inclination sensor, a stress-strain sensor, and a soil moisture sensor. The temperature sensor, displacement sensor, inclination sensor, stress-strain sensor, and soil moisture sensor are all installed at key positions of the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 for evaluating various data. The high-speed camera 401 is arranged around the inside of the box body 101. The high-speed camera 401 can be installed on the inner wall of the box body 101. At the open end of the box body 101, a tripod can be used to install the high-speed camera 401. After the transparent simulation box 215 is installed in the box body 101, the operator manually installs the high-speed camera 401 facing the transparent simulation side with a tripod and then exits the box body 101. Finally, the sealing door 102 is closed to start the test. The high-speed cameras around monitor the changes of the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 in the transparent simulation box 215 in real time through various directions, collect various data, and judge the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on landslides. In actual use, the number and specific installation positions of the high-speed camera 401, temperature sensor, displacement sensor, inclination sensor, stress-strain sensor, and soil moisture sensor can be selected according to actual situations to achieve the effect of comprehensive monitoring. During actual use, the operator can control variables to conduct multiple tests. For example, control the duration of refrigeration and heating, control the water volume, adjust the specific stacking methods and shapes of the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301, judge the impact of different data on landslides, and provide a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailings ponds in high-altitude cold regions.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1-3, in this embodiment, the lifting assembly 15 includes a lifting frame 151 and a second motor 155. Lifting frames 151 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the box body 101. Each lifting frame 151 is provided with a sliding groove 152. Both sides of the sealing door 102 are fixedly connected with sliding blocks 153. The sliding blocks 153 are slidably connected in the corresponding sliding grooves 152. A suspension cable 154 is fixedly connected to each sliding block 153. A second motor 155 is fixedly installed on each lifting frame 151. Each second motor 155 is drivingly connected to a reel 156, that is, the output shaft of the second motor 155 is fixedly connected to one end of the reel 156. A lifting pulley 158 is installed at the top end of the lifting frame 151. The free end of each suspension cable 154 bypasses the lifting pulley 158 and is fixedly wound around the reel 156. When in use, the second motor 155 is started, and the output shaft of the second motor 155 drives the reel 156 to rotate, so as to achieve the effect of winding up the suspension cable 154, that is, to achieve the purpose of lifting the sealing door 102. In this embodiment, two idler pulleys 157 are rotatably installed on the lifting frame 151. Both of the two idler pulleys 157 are close to the reel 156. The suspension cable 154 passes through the idler pulleys 157 in sequence. By adopting the idler pulleys 157, the direct friction between the suspension cable 154 and the reel 156 can be effectively reduced, and the service lives of the suspension cable 154 and the reel 156 can be prolonged. By adjusting the positions and angles of the idler pulleys 157, different weights and shapes of heavy objects can be better adapted, and the operation flexibility can be improved; and for heavy objects such as the sealing door 102, the use of the idler pulleys 157 can better disperse the tension of the suspension cable 154, reduce the risk of the suspension cable 154 breaking, and at the same time help to maintain the tension of the suspension cable 154 to prevent it from falling off or getting entangled.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 7 , in this embodiment, the rainfall structure 11 includes a water pump and a spray head 112. The inlet end of the water pump is fixedly communicated with a water source, and the outlet end is fixedly communicated with a water delivery pipe 111. The end of the water delivery pipe 111 penetrates through the box body 101 and is fixedly communicated with the spray head 112. The spray head 112 is arranged at the top of the inner wall of the box body 101, and the spraying range of the spray head 112 covers directly above the transparent simulation box 215. A first control valve is fixedly installed on the water delivery pipe 111. When in use, the water pump and the first control valve are opened, and water flows through the spray head 112 and is sprayed into the landslide simulation device to provide moisture, enabling multiple freeze-thaw cycle tests and avoiding excessive water loss during each thawing, which affects the subsequent test results. At the same time, it also ensures that during the entire freeze-thaw cycle test of the tailings pond accumulation model 301, the dam body model 303, and the frozen soil model 302, the water content therein is closer to the real environmental conditions, so that the data obtained from the landslide simulation test is more real and accurate, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailings ponds in high-altitude cold regions.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 andFigure 4 , in this embodiment, the refrigeration structure 12 includes a cold source box, a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator 121. The cold source box is fixedly connected to the suction port of the compressor through a pipeline. The discharge port of the compressor is fixedly connected to the inlet of the condenser through a high-pressure pipeline. The outlet of the condenser is fixedly connected to the evaporator 121 through a low-pressure pipeline. An expansion valve is fixedly installed between the condenser and the evaporator 121. A hollow layer 106 is provided inside the box body 101. One outer wall of the hollow layer 106 is fixedly connected to the heat insulation layer, and a plurality of air inlets 103 are provided on the other side. All the plurality of air inlets 103 face the inside of the box body 101. The outlet of the evaporator 121 is fixedly connected to the hollow layer 106 of the box body 101 through a pipeline. During use, the cold source box, the compressor, the condenser, the expansion valve, and the evaporator 121 are turned on, and cold air is conveyed to the hollow layer 106 through the pipeline, so that the cold air enters the box body 101 to achieve a refrigeration effect. During actual use, the specific positions and quantities of the air inlets 103 are selected according to actual conditions to achieve uniform refrigeration of the box body 101. During actual use, if the evaporator 121 is installed inside the box body 101, it is not necessary to connect the evaporator 121 to the hollow layer 106 through a pipeline, that is, cold air is directly released inside the box body 101. In this embodiment, the specific positions of the heat insulation layer, the hollow layer 106, and the air inlets 103 can be designed according to actual conditions to achieve better heat preservation, heat insulation, refrigeration, heating and other effects.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , in this embodiment, the heating structure 13 includes an industrial heater and a second control valve. The outlet end of the industrial heater is fixedly connected to the hollow layer 106 through a conveying pipeline 131. The second control valve is fixedly installed between the industrial heater and the box body 101. During use, the industrial heater and the second control valve are turned on, and hot air is conveyed to the hollow layer 106 through the pipeline, so that the hot air enters the box body 101 to achieve a heating effect; cooperating with the refrigeration structure 12 can achieve the effect of freeze-thaw cycle.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , in this embodiment, the exhaust structure 14 includes an exhaust fan 142 and an exhaust duct 141. An exhaust port is provided on the box body 101. One end of the exhaust duct 141 is fixedly connected to the exhaust fan 142, and the other end is fixedly connected to the exhaust port. A third control valve is fixedly installed on the exhaust duct 141. During use, the exhaust fan 142 and the third control valve are turned on to exhaust the cold air or hot air inside the box body 101. During actual use, the specific positions and quantities of the exhaust ports are selected according to actual conditions to achieve a better exhaust effect.

[0035] A landslide simulation method based on high-altitude cold regions, which is applicable to the above-mentioned landslide simulation system based on high-altitude cold regions. The steps of this simulation method are as follows: S1: Referring to the actual situation, lay the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301 in the transparent simulation box 215; at the same time, install temperature sensors, displacement sensors, inclination sensors, stress-strain sensors, and soil moisture sensors at key positions of the frozen soil model 302, the dam body model 303, and the tailings pond accumulation model 301, and start the displacement sensors, inclination sensors, and stress-strain sensors; S2: Start the first motor 217, drive the rolling wheel 214, and move the transparent simulation box 215 with the mounting frame 211 into the box body 101; at the same time, adjust the rotation speed of the first motor 217 in real time according to the data changes monitored by the displacement sensors, inclination sensors, and stress-strain sensors; S3: Manually connect the drain pipe 104 to the drainage port 213, and after installation, the operator exits the box body 101; S4: Start the second motor 155, lower the sling 154, and complete the closing work of the sealing door 102; S5: Start the high-speed camera 401, temperature sensors, and soil moisture sensors; S6: According to the various data set in advance with reference to the actual environment, alternately start the refrigeration structure 12 and the heating structure 13, control the temperature change in the box body 101, and conduct an experiment on the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on landslides; S7: When performing step S6, judge whether to start the water pump according to the data transmitted back by the soil moisture sensor; if necessary, start the water pump and the first control valve to control the water flow; if not, do not start; S8: Obtain the influence structure of freeze-thaw cycles on landslides based on the various data obtained during steps S6 - S7; S9: After the experiment is completed, start the second motor 155, retract the sling 154, and open the sealing door 102; S10: After the environment in the box body 101 is suitable for human entry, the operator enters the box body 101 to disassemble the drain pipe 104 from the drainage port 213, and then the operator exits the box body 101; S11: Start the first motor 217, drive the rolling wheel 214, and move the transparent simulation box 215 with the mounting frame 211 to the operation platform 201; S12: Clean the transparent simulation box 215 and the water holding ring 212 for future use.

[0036] In summary, through the mutual cooperation of the landslide simulation device, the monitoring device, the control device, the sealed box structure, the exhaust structure, the rainfall structure, the refrigeration structure and the heating structure, the test environment of the present invention is closer to the real environment, so that the data obtained from the landslide simulation test is more real and accurate, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the design and construction of tailing ponds in high-altitude cold regions. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages in the prior art.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims and the description of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions, characterized in that: include: A temperature control device, the temperature control device comprising a sealed box structure, a rainfall structure, a refrigeration structure and a heating structure, the water spray end of the rainfall structure is arranged in the sealed box structure, the refrigeration structure and the heating structure are both connected to the sealed box structure, the sealed box structure is fixedly connected to an exhaust structure, and the temperature control device is used to simulate freeze-thaw cycle phenomenon; A landslide simulation device, the landslide simulation device comprising a frozen soil model, a dam model and a tailings pond accumulation model, the frozen soil model, the dam model and the tailings pond accumulation model all contain ice phase structures inside, the frozen soil model is arranged in a concave shape, the dam model is arranged at the entrance of the frozen soil model, a plurality of drainage pipes are arranged in the dam model, the tailings pond accumulation model is arranged on the frozen soil model, the frozen soil model is arranged in the sealed box structure, the landslide simulation device is used to simulate the landslide scene under the freeze-thaw cycle; a protective net is arranged on the frozen soil model to simulate the reinforcement effect of plant roots on frozen soil; A monitoring device, which is installed inside the sealed box structure, the frozen soil model, the dam model and the tailings pond accumulation model, and is used to monitor the landslide situation in real time; A control device is electrically connected to the refrigeration structure, the heating structure, the rainfall structure, the landslide simulation device and the monitoring device.

2. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sealed box structure includes a box and a sealed door, the monitoring device is arranged in the box, and the box and the sealed door are both provided with insulation layers. The sealed door is slidably connected to the open end of the box through a lifting assembly, and a sealing assembly is fixedly arranged between the box and the sealed door; the box is fixedly connected to the refrigeration structure and the heating structure, and the water spray end of the rainfall structure is arranged inside the box.

3. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An operating platform is fixedly connected to the open end of the box, and the upper surface of the operating platform is in the same plane as the inner bottom surface of the box.

4. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The landslide simulation device also includes an electric mobile platform and a transparent simulation box, wherein the electric mobile platform is arranged on the operating platform, the transparent simulation box is fixedly installed on the electric mobile platform, and the frozen soil model is arranged in the transparent simulation box; a water outlet is provided on one side of the transparent simulation box, a water containing circle is provided on the electric mobile platform, the water containing circle is located on the periphery of the transparent simulation box, a drainage port is provided on the water containing circle, a drainage pipe is fixedly installed on the box body, the outlet end of the drainage pipe passes through the box body, and the inlet end of the drainage pipe is detachably connected to the drainage port.

5. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The electric mobile platform includes a mounting frame and a first motor, wherein the first motor and the water containing ring are both fixedly mounted on the mounting frame; a plurality of rotating shafts are rotatably mounted on the mounting frame, and rolling wheels are fixedly mounted at both ends of the rotating shafts, the first motor is transmission-connected to one of the rotating shafts, and the rotating shafts are transmission-connected to a transmission assembly.

6. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The monitoring device includes a high-speed camera, a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, an inclination sensor, a stress-strain sensor and a soil moisture sensor. The temperature sensor, the displacement sensor, the inclination sensor, the stress-strain sensor and the soil moisture sensor are all installed at key positions of the frozen soil model, the dam model and the tailings pond accumulation model. The high-speed camera is arranged inside the box.

7. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The lifting assembly includes a lifting frame and a second motor. The lifting frames are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the box body, and each of the lifting frames is provided with a sliding groove. Both sides of the sealing door are fixedly connected with sliding blocks, and the sliding blocks are slidably connected in the corresponding sliding grooves; each of the sliding blocks is fixedly connected with a sling, and each of the lifting frames is fixedly installed with the second motor, and each of the second motors is drivingly connected with a reel. A hanging wheel is installed on the top of the lifting frame, and the free end of each of the slings passes around the hanging wheel and is fixedly wound on the reel.

8. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 4 is characterized by: The rainfall structure includes a water pump and a nozzle. The inlet end of the water pump is fixedly connected to a water source, and the outlet end is fixedly connected to a water pipe. The end of the water pipe passes through the box body and is fixedly connected to the nozzle, and the spraying range of the nozzle covers the top of the transparent simulation box. A first control valve is fixedly installed on the water pipe.

9. The landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The refrigeration structure includes a cold source box, a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The cold source box is fixedly connected to the air intake of the compressor through a pipeline, the exhaust port of the compressor is fixedly connected to the inlet of the condenser through a high-pressure pipeline, the outlet of the condenser is fixedly connected to the evaporator through a low-pressure pipeline, and an expansion valve is fixedly installed between the condenser and the evaporator; a hollow layer is arranged in the box body, an outer wall of one side of the hollow layer is fixedly connected to the thermal insulation layer, and a plurality of air inlets are opened on the other side, and the outlet of the evaporator is fixedly connected to the hollow layer of the box body through a pipeline.

10. A landslide simulation method based on high altitude cold regions, the simulation method is applicable to a landslide simulation system based on high altitude cold regions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Referring to the actual situation, a frozen soil model, a dam model and a tailings pond accumulation model are laid in a transparent simulation box; at the same time, temperature sensors, displacement sensors, inclination sensors, stress strain sensors and soil moisture sensors are installed at key positions of the frozen soil model, the dam model and the tailings pond accumulation model, and the displacement sensors, inclination sensors and stress strain sensors are started; S2: Start the first motor to drive the rolling wheel to move the transparent simulation box into the box along with the mounting frame; at the same time, adjust the speed of the first motor in real time according to the changes in the data monitored by the displacement sensor, the inclination sensor and the stress and strain sensor; S3: Manually connect the drain pipe to the drainage port, and the operator exits the box after installation; S4: Start the second motor, lower the sling, and complete the closing of the sealing door; S5: Start the high-speed camera, temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor; S6: Based on various data set in advance with reference to the actual environment, the cooling structure and the heating structure are started alternately to control the temperature change in the box and conduct a test on the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on landslides; S7: When performing step S6, determine whether to start the water pump according to the data sent back by the soil moisture sensor; if necessary, start the water pump and the first control valve to control the water flow; if not necessary, do not start; S8: deriving the influence structure of freeze-thaw cycle on landslide according to the data obtained during steps S6-S7; S9: After the test is completed, the second motor is started, the sling is rolled up, and the sealing door is opened; S10: After the environment inside the box is suitable for human entry, the operator enters the box and removes the drain pipe from the drainage port, and then the operator exits the box; S11: Start the first motor to drive the rolling wheel to move the transparent simulation box and the mounting frame to the operating platform; S12: Clean the transparent simulation box and water ring for next use.

Images