Forest community biomass stability monitoring device and method based on ground-based laser radar

Abstract

The invention discloses a forest community biomass stability monitoring device and method based on a foundation laser radar, and belongs to the technical field of forest community biomass stability research. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device comprises a mounting seat and supporting legs arranged on the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is provided with the laser radar and data processing equipment; the mounting seat comprises a storage box body and a supporting plate which is arranged in the storage box body in a sliding manner, the data processing equipment is arranged on the supporting plate, a fixed sample pile which is arranged on a fixed sample plot is detachably arranged on the storage box body, and a plurality of hanging plates which are used for marking vegetation on the fixed sample plot are arranged on the fixed sample pile in a sleeving manner; according to the invention, the LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data of the forest vegetation of the fixed sample plot is obtained through the laser radar, and the data processing device processes the obtained LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data to obtain the stability of the forest community biomass, so that the dependence on workers is reduced, and the accuracy of monitoring the stability of the forest community biomass is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of research on the biomass stability of forest communities, and specifically provides a monitoring device and method for the biomass stability of forest communities based on ground-based lidar. Background Art

[0002] With the impacts of global climate change and human activities, forest ecosystems are facing unprecedented challenges; forests are not only one of the most important carbon sinks on Earth but also play an irreplaceable role in maintaining biodiversity, regulating climate, providing water sources, etc.; therefore, accurately evaluating and monitoring the biomass and its stability of forest communities is crucial for formulating scientific and reasonable resource management and environmental protection strategies; traditionally, the measurement of forest biomass mainly relies on field surveys (such as measuring breast diameter, tree height, etc.), with poor measurement accuracy, which will affect the monitoring of the biomass stability of forest communities, and during the measurement process, a variety of tools (such as radar, computer, fixed sample stakes, etc.) need to be carried. Since these tools are scattered, it is troublesome to carry, increasing the workload of the staff. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device and method for the biomass stability of forest communities based on ground-based lidar to solve the problems proposed in the above background art that the measurement of forest biomass mainly relies on field surveys, with poor measurement accuracy, which will affect the monitoring of the biomass stability of forest communities, and during the measurement process, a variety of tools need to be carried and these tools are scattered.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A monitoring device for the biomass stability of forest communities based on ground-based lidar, comprising: a mounting base and support legs provided on the mounting base, a lidar and a data processing device are provided on the mounting base, the lidar is used to obtain the LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data of forest vegetation in a fixed sample plot, and the data processing device is used to process the obtained LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data, calculate the average value of the aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of the aboveground biomass of plant individuals, and obtain the biomass stability of the forest community according to the quotient value of the average value of the aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of the aboveground biomass;

[0005] Among them, the mounting base includes a storage box body and a tray slidably arranged in the storage box body, the data processing device is arranged on the tray, a fixed sample stake for being arranged in a fixed sample plot is detachably provided on the storage box body, and a plurality of labeling plates for marking the vegetation in the fixed sample plot are sleeved on the fixed sample stake.

[0006] Preferably, a movable frame is slidably provided in the storage box body. A rack is provided on the movable frame. A gear for meshing with the rack and a torsion spring connected to the gear are rotatably provided in the storage box body. A flexible connecting member for connecting with the tray is provided on the shaft of the gear. A counterweight is provided on the movable frame;

[0007] Wherein, a limit stop for restricting the tray from moving towards the inside of the storage box body is slidably provided on the tray.

[0008] Preferably, a connecting member for detachably connecting with the storage box body is provided at one end of the fixed stake. A stop block is detachably provided at the other end of the fixed stake.

[0009] Preferably, the fixed stake includes a plurality of pile bodies.

[0010] Preferably, the pile body includes a first rod body and a second rod body movably provided on the first rod body. An installation groove is provided on the side wall of the second rod body. A fixed plug and an elastic member connected to the fixed plug are slidably provided in the installation groove. An installation hole is provided at one end of the second rod body away from the first rod body. A limit block for restricting the movement of the fixed plug is slidably provided in the installation hole. A push rod for pushing the limit block to move and extending outside the installation hole is slidably provided in the installation hole.

[0011] Preferably, an indicator light is provided on the first rod body. A switch is provided on the side wall of the fixed plug to control the indicator light to emit light when the push rod touches the switch.

[0012] Preferably, a slot is provided at the bottom of the support leg. A rotating shaft is rotatably provided in the slot. A support plate is provided on the rotating shaft. A moving block is slidably provided on the side wall of the support leg. A pull rope for connecting with the moving block is wound on the rotating shaft. A clamping block for fixing the moving block is provided on the support leg.

[0013] Preferably, a method for monitoring the biomass stability of a forest community based on a ground-based lidar uses the above-mentioned device for monitoring the biomass stability of a forest community based on a ground-based lidar, and includes the following steps:

[0014] S1: Move the monitoring device to a fixed sample plot and fix it using the support legs. Remove the fixed stake from the storage box body and fix it to the fixed sample plot. Then hang the tags on each tree;

[0015] S2: The lidar acquires the LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data of the forest vegetation in the fixed sample plot, and the data processing device processes the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data, calculates the vegetation height, volume and biomass, performs dry wood segmentation on individual plants, obtains the spatial positioning of each tree individual, extracts the tree height and diameter at breast height of the tree individual, quantitatively calculates the average value of the above-ground biomass of all plant individuals and the standard deviation of the above-ground biomass, and obtains the biomass stability of the forest community according to the quotient of the average value of the above-ground biomass and the standard deviation of the above-ground biomass.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. By using the lidar to acquire the LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data of the forest vegetation in the fixed sample plot, and the data processing device processes the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data to obtain the biomass stability of the forest community, reducing the dependence on staff and improving the accuracy of monitoring the biomass stability of the forest community;

[0018] 2. By installing the lidar, the data processing device and the fixed sample stake on the mounting base, and sleeving the sign on the outer wall of the fixed sample stake, integrating the tools used for monitoring on one device, which is convenient for the staff to carry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device for monitoring the biomass stability of the forest community of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the mounting base of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic connection structure diagram of the support leg and the support plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 The enlarged schematic view of the structure at B in

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed sample stake of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the pile body of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 The enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in

[0027] In the figure: 1. Mounting base; 101. Storage box; 102. Support plate; 103. Moving frame; 104. Counterweight; 105. Flexible connecting piece; 106. Gear; 107. Limit stop; 2. LiDAR; 3. Data processing device; 4. Support leg; 5. Fixed stake; 51. Stake body; 511. First rod; 512. Second rod; 513. Indicator light; 514. Mounting hole; 515. Push rod; 516. Mounting groove; 517. Fixed insert block; 518. Limit block; 519. Elastic piece; 520. Switch; 52. Stop block; 53. Connecting piece; 6. Sign; 7. Groove; 8. Support plate; 9. Moving block; 10. Pull rope; 11. Block; 12. Rotating shaft. Detailed implementation mode

[0028] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 , a forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based LiDAR, comprising: a mounting base 1, the mounting base 1 includes a storage box 101 and a support plate 102, the support plate 102 is slidably inserted into the inner cavity of the storage box 101, several support legs 4 are hinged on the bottom wall of the storage box 101, a LiDAR 2 is installed on the top wall of the storage box 101, and a data processing device 3 (such as a computer) is installed on the support plate 102.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , a fixed stake 5 is detachably provided on the bottom wall of the storage box 101, and several signs 6 are sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed stake 5.

[0032] A method for monitoring the stability of forest community biomass based on ground-based LiDAR is as follows:

[0033] First, move the monitoring device to a fixed plot, then unfold the support legs 4 and place them on the ground to fix the monitoring device. Remove the fixed stake 5 from the storage box 101 and fix it in the fixed plot, and then hang the signs 6 on each tree.

[0034] Second, the lidar 2 acquires the LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data of the forest vegetation in the fixed plot. The data processing device 3 processes the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data, calculates the vegetation height, volume and biomass, performs dry wood segmentation on the plant individuals based on the solution results of the fixed plot point cloud dataset, obtains the spatial positioning of each tree individual, extracts the solution results of the tree individual point cloud, accurately obtains important parameters such as tree height and diameter at breast height, quantitatively calculates the average value (μ) of the above-ground biomass of all plant individuals and the standard deviation (σ) of the above-ground biomass, and clarifies the temporal stability (S) of the above-ground biomass;

[0035] It should be noted that S = μ / σ. Specifically, when the annual increase in the average biomass is greater than the standard deviation of the biomass, the temporal stability of the biomass is enhanced.

[0036] In this embodiment, as a further optimized solution, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a moving frame 103 is slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the storage box body 101. The moving frame 103 and the support plate 102 are symmetrically slidably arranged on both sides of the inner cavity of the storage box body 101. A rack is arranged on the moving frame 103. A gear 106 is rotatably arranged in the storage box body 101. The gear 106 meshes with the rack. A torsion spring is installed between the gear 106 and the storage box body 101. A flexible connecting piece 105 (such as a rope, but not limited to a rope) is wound around the shaft of the gear 106. One end of the flexible connecting piece 105 away from the gear 106 is connected to the support plate 102. A counterweight 104 (such as a metal block) is arranged on the moving frame 103; a limit stop 107 is slidably arranged on the support plate 102. A spring is installed between the limit stop 107 and the support plate 102; during the monitoring process, the support plate 102 is pulled to move the data processing device 3 out of the interior of the storage box body 101; at this time, the flexible connecting piece 105 is pulled to make the gear 106 rotate and release the flexible connecting piece 105; the rotation of the gear 106 will make the moving frame 103 drive the counterweight 104 to move towards the outside of the storage box body 101, so that both sides of the storage box body 101 are evenly stressed, avoiding the monitoring device from tilting during the monitoring process; and after the support plate 102 moves outwards and the limit stop 107 moves out of the interior of the storage box body 101, under the action of the spring, the limit stop 107 moves to fit with the side wall of the storage box body 101 to prevent the support plate 102 from moving towards the interior of the storage box body 101 and positioning the support plate 102.

[0037] In this embodiment, as a further optimized solution, please refer to Figure 6, one end of the fixed stake 5 is provided with a connecting piece 53 (threaded rod), and a threaded hole is opened at the bottom of the storage box 101. The threaded rod is screwed into the threaded hole to realize the detachable connection between the fixed stake 5 and the storage box 101; a stopper 52 is detachably provided at the other end of the fixed stake 5 (a clamping groove is opened at the end of the fixed stake 5, and a clamping block is provided on the stopper 52. The detachable connection between the fixed stake 5 and the stopper 52 is realized by inserting the clamping block into the clamping groove), and the stopper 52 is used to hold the hanging plate 6 sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed stake 5; when it is necessary to remove the hanging plate 6 from the outer wall of the fixed stake 5, first remove the stopper 52 from the end of the fixed stake 5.

[0038] In this embodiment, as a further optimized solution, please refer to Figure 6 , the fixed stake 5 includes a plurality of stake bodies 51; the fixed stake 5 can be split into multiple stake bodies 51 for installation in a fixed sample plot.

[0039] In this embodiment, as a further optimized solution, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the stake body 51 includes a first rod body 511 and a second rod body 512. A threaded hole is opened at the end of the first rod body 511, and a screw rod is installed at the end of the second rod body 512. The screw rod is screwed into the threaded hole. Rotating the second rod body 512 changes the position of the screw rod in the inner cavity of the threaded hole to adjust the length of the stake body 51; an installation groove 516 is opened on the side wall of the second rod body 512, and a fixed insertion block 517 is slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the installation groove 516. An elastic member 519 (spring) is installed between the installation groove 516 and the fixed insertion block 517. An installation hole 514 is opened at one end of the second rod body 512 away from the first rod body 511, and a limiting block 518 is slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the installation hole 514. A limiting groove is opened on the side wall of the fixed insertion block 517, and one end of the limiting block 518 is inserted into the limiting groove to limit the movement of the fixed insertion block 517. A push rod 515 is slidably arranged in the inner cavity of the installation hole 514, and one end of the push rod 515 extends to the outside of the installation hole 514 (a support plate is installed at the end of the push rod 515 away from the second rod body 512); when inserting the fixed stake 5 into the soil of the fixed sample plot, the second rod body 512 is inserted into the soil, which will cause the push rod 515 to move towards the inside of the installation hole 514, pushing the limiting block 518 to move and removing it from the limiting groove, releasing the restriction on the fixed insertion block 517. Under the action of the elastic member 519, the fixed insertion block 517 moves outward and is horizontally inserted into the soil, increasing the stability of the stake body 51 inserted into the soil and making the installation of the stake body 51 stable.

[0040] It should be noted that a spring is installed between the push rod 515 and the installation hole 514.

[0041] In this embodiment, as a further optimized solution, please refer to Figure 8, an indicator light 513 (LED light) is provided on the first rod body 511, and a switch 520 is provided on the side wall of the fixed insertion block 517; when the push rod 515 touches the switch 520 when moving into the installation hole 514, the power supply of the indicator light 513 is turned on to make it emit light, making the pile body 51 more obvious and enhancing the effect of marking the pile body 51; and when the pile body 51 is skewed, the push rod 515 moves outward of the installation hole 514 due to the reduced extrusion of the soil, so that the pressing of the push rod 515 on the switch 520 disappears, and the indicator light 513 stops emitting light, playing a role in prompting the skew of the pile body 51.

[0042] In this embodiment, as a further optimized solution, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , a slot 7 is formed at the bottom of the support leg 4, a rotating shaft 12 is rotatably provided in the slot 7 (a clockwork spring is provided between the rotating shaft 12 and the slot 7), a support plate 8 is provided on the rotating shaft 12, a moving block 9 is slidably provided on the side wall of the support leg 4, a pulling rope 10 is wound around the rotating shaft 12, one end of the pulling rope 10 away from the rotating shaft 12 is connected to the moving block 9, a clamping block 11 is provided on the support leg 4, and a clamping slot is provided on the side of the moving block 9 facing the clamping block 11; the support plate 8 is unfolded to be in contact with the ground horizontally, increasing the contact area between the support leg 4 and the ground and preventing the monitoring device from sinking.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar, comprising: A mounting base (1) and a support leg (4) arranged on the mounting base (1), characterized in that: a laser radar (2) and a data processing device (3) are arranged on the mounting base (1), the laser radar (2) is used to obtain LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data of forest vegetation in a fixed sample plot, and the data processing device (3) is used to process the obtained LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data, calculate the average value of the aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of the aboveground biomass of individual plants, and calculate the biomass stability of the forest community based on the quotient of the average value of the aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of the aboveground biomass; The mounting base (1) comprises a storage box (101) and a support plate (102) slidably arranged in the storage box (101); the data processing device (3) is arranged on the support plate (102); a fixed sample pile (5) for being arranged in a fixed sample plot is detachably arranged on the storage box (101); and a plurality of hanging signs (6) for marking vegetation in the fixed sample plot are sleeved on the fixed sample pile (5).

2. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar according to claim 1 is characterized by: A movable frame (103) is slidably disposed in the storage box (101), a rack is disposed on the movable frame (103), a gear (106) for meshing with the rack and a torsion spring connected to the gear (106) are rotatably disposed in the storage box (101), a flexible connector (105) for connecting to the support plate (102) is disposed on the shaft of the gear (106), and a counterweight (104) is disposed on the movable frame (103); Wherein, a limit stopper (107) is slidably provided on the support plate (102) for limiting the movement of the support plate (102) into the storage box (101).

3. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar according to claim 1 is characterized by: A connecting piece (53) for detachably connecting to the storage box (101) is provided on one end of the fixed sample pile (5), and a stopper (52) is detachably provided on the other end of the fixed sample pile (5).

4. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar according to claim 3 is characterized by: The fixed sample pile (5) comprises a plurality of pile bodies (51).

5. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar according to claim 4 is characterized by: The pile body (51) comprises a first rod body (511) and a second rod body (512) movably arranged on the first rod body (511); a mounting groove (516) is arranged on the side wall of the second rod body (512); a fixed plug block (517) and an elastic member (519) connected to the fixed plug block (517) are slidably arranged in the mounting groove (516); a mounting hole (514) is arranged at one end of the second rod body (512) away from the first rod body (511); a limit block (518) for limiting the movement of the fixed plug block (517) is slidably arranged in the mounting hole (514); a push rod (515) for pushing the limit block (518) to move and extending to the outside of the mounting hole (514) is slidably arranged in the mounting hole (514).

6. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar according to claim 5 is characterized by: An indicator light (513) is provided on the first rod body (511), and a switch (520) is provided on the side wall of the fixed plug block (517) so as to control the indicator light (513) to emit light when the push rod (515) touches the switch (520).

7. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bottom of the support leg (4) is provided with a slot (7), a rotating shaft (12) is rotatably provided in the slot (7), a support plate (8) is provided on the rotating shaft (12), a moving block (9) is slidably provided on the side wall of the support leg (4), a pull rope (10) for connecting with the moving block (9) is wound around the rotating shaft (12), and a clamping block (11) for fixing the moving block (9) is provided on the support leg (4).

8. A method for monitoring the stability of forest community biomass based on ground-based laser radar, using a forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based laser radar as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Move the monitoring device to the fixed sample site and fix it with the support legs (4), remove the fixed sample stake (5) from the storage box (101) and fix it to the fixed sample site, and then hang the hanging sign (6) on each tree; S2: The laser radar (2) obtains the LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data of the forest vegetation in the fixed sample plot, and the data processing equipment (3) processes the obtained LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data to calculate the height, volume and biomass of the vegetation, divide the plant individuals into trunks, obtain the spatial location of each tree individual, extract the tree height and breast diameter of the tree individual, quantitatively calculate the average aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of the aboveground biomass of all plant individuals, and derive the biomass stability of the forest community based on the quotient of the average aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of the aboveground biomass.

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