Electric heater structure for quickly starting reactor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to an electric heater structure for quickly starting a reactor, a lower porous screen plate, heat-conducting solid particles and an upper porous screen plate are positioned in a heater shell, and the heat-conducting solid particles are clamped between the lower porous screen plate and the upper porous screen plate; a plurality of straight pipelines penetrate through the whole heater shell, and electric heating rods are mounted in the straight pipelines; an inlet and an outlet are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the heater shell respectively, and temperature measuring devices are arranged at the inlet and the outlet respectively and used for measuring the gas phase temperature. And a heating temperature control device is arranged on the heater shell, penetrates through the heater shell, is welded with any straight pipeline and is used for controlling the temperature of the heating source. The temperature of the reactor is rapidly increased, and the starting time of the system is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to an electric heater structure for rapid start-up of a reactor. Background Art

[0002] In the field of fuel cells, currently, fuel cell power generation systems based on fuel reforming for hydrogen production still account for a large proportion in the market, especially in applications such as stationary power stations, ship and heavy truck power supplies, or combined heat and power generation. However, the start-up of the system requires a certain amount of time, usually more than thirty minutes, which seriously hinders the popularization and application of the system.

[0003] Current solutions are all to design a burner in the reactor, vaporize the fuel and mix it with air, then burn it fully, and bring the high-temperature gas into the system to increase the temperature of the reactor. When the temperature reaches the working temperature requirement, the system starts to operate normally. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problem of the long start-up time of the fuel cell power generation system, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric heater structure for rapid start-up of a reactor. This electric heater structure can rapidly increase the working temperature of the reactor and shorten the start-up time of the system.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention includes a heater housing, a lower porous mesh plate, heat-conducting solid particles, electric heating rods, straight pipes, an upper porous mesh plate, a temperature measuring device, and a heating temperature control device. Both the upper and lower ends of the heater housing are open. An inlet is provided at the upper opening, and an outlet is provided at the lower opening. An upper porous mesh plate is provided inside the heater housing below the inlet, and a lower porous mesh plate is provided inside the heater housing above the outlet. The heater housing between the upper porous mesh plate and the lower porous mesh plate is filled with heat-conducting solid particles, and the heat-conducting solid particles are clamped and fixed by the upper porous mesh plate and the lower porous mesh plate. There are multiple straight pipes, and each straight pipe penetrates the heater housing between the upper porous mesh plate and the lower porous mesh plate, and an electric heating rod is inserted into each straight pipe. Temperature measuring devices are provided at both the inlet and the outlet. The heating temperature control device penetrates into the heater housing between the upper porous mesh plate and the lower porous mesh plate and is fixedly connected to any one of the straight pipes.

[0007] Wherein: both ends of each straight pipe are hermetically and fixedly connected to the heater housing, the electric heating rod can be detachably inserted into the straight pipe, the heat of the electric heating rod is transmitted to the heat-conducting solid particles through the straight pipe, and then the heat-conducting solid particles heat the passing gas medium.

[0008] A gap is left between the upper porous mesh plate and the sealing plate at the upper end of the heater housing, and a gap is left between the lower porous mesh plate and the sealing plate at the lower end of the heater housing.

[0009] The temperature measuring device provided at the inlet is the inlet temperature measuring device, and the temperature measuring device provided at the outlet is the outlet temperature measuring device. The inlet temperature measuring device and the outlet temperature measuring device have the same structure, and both include a connecting pipe, a ferrule and a thermocouple. One end of the connecting pipe is hermetically connected to the inlet or the outlet, and the other end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected with a ferrule. The thermocouple is inserted into the ferrule and the connecting pipe. One end of the thermocouple extends into the inlet or the outlet and contacts the gas medium to realize the detection of the temperature of the gas medium. The other end of the thermocouple is fixed through the ferrule.

[0010] The heating temperature control device includes a connecting pipe, a ferrule and a thermocouple. One end of the connecting pipe penetrates through the heater housing and is fixedly connected to any straight pipe. The other end of the connecting pipe is located outside the heater housing and is fixedly connected with a ferrule. The thermocouple is inserted into the ferrule and the connecting pipe. One end of the thermocouple abuts against the fixedly connected straight pipe and continuously detects the heating temperature of the electric heating rod in the fixedly connected straight pipe. The other end of the thermocouple is fixed through the ferrule and is connected to an external controller.

[0011] The mesh holes on the upper porous mesh plate and the lower porous mesh plate are for the passage of the gas medium, and the pore diameters of the mesh holes on the upper porous mesh plate and the lower porous mesh plate are smaller than the particle diameters of the heat-conducting solid particles.

[0012] The electric heating rod is provided with a positioning step for positioning. The diameter of the positioning step is larger than the diameter of the straight pipe. After the electric heating rod is inserted into the straight pipe, the positioning step abuts against the side surface of the heater housing. The positioning step is close to the wire inlet end of the electric heating rod located outside the heater housing.

[0013] The outer surface of the part of the electric heating rod inserted into the straight pipe is coated with heat-conducting silicone grease for increasing the contact with the straight pipe.

[0014] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. The gas medium enters from the inlet of the present invention, fully contacts and exchanges heat with the heat-conducting solid particles in the heater housing, the temperature rises, and after reaching the required use temperature, it flows out from the outlet and enters the rear end of the reactor, so that the temperature of the reactor is rapidly increased, and the start-up time of the system is shortened.

[0016] 2. A positioning step is arranged on one side of the wire inlet end of the electric heating rod of the present invention, which avoids the electric heating rod being inserted too deep into the straight pipe, and the high temperature causes the wire to melt. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is the top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 is the front view of the structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 is the schematic structural view of the electric heating rod of the present invention;

[0021] Wherein: 1 is the heater housing, 2 is the sealing plate, 3 is the inlet, 4 is the outlet, 5 is the lower perforated plate, 6 is the heat-conducting solid particles, 7 is the outlet temperature measuring device, 8 is the electric heating rod, 9 is the straight pipe, 10 is the upper perforated plate, 11 is the inlet temperature measuring device, 12 is the heating temperature control device, and 13 is the positioning step. Specific embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the present invention includes a heater housing 1, a lower perforated plate 5, heat-conducting solid particles 6, an electric heating rod 8, a straight pipe 9, an upper perforated plate 10, a temperature measuring device and a heating temperature control device 12. The upper and lower ends of the heater housing 1 are both open. An inlet 3 is provided at the upper open end, and an outlet 4 is provided at the lower open end. An upper perforated plate 10 is provided in the heater housing 1 below the inlet 3, and a lower perforated plate 5 is provided in the heater housing 1 above the outlet 4. The heat-conducting solid particles 6 are filled in the heater housing 1 between the upper perforated plate 10 and the lower perforated plate 5, and the heat-conducting solid particles 6 are clamped and fixed by the upper perforated plate 10 and the lower perforated plate 5; there are multiple straight pipes 9, and each straight pipe 9 penetrates the heater housing 1 between the upper perforated plate 10 and the lower perforated plate 5, and an electric heating rod 8 is inserted into each straight pipe 9; temperature measuring devices are provided at the inlet 3 and the outlet 4, and the heating temperature control device 12 penetrates into the heater housing 1 between the upper perforated plate 10 and the lower perforated plate 5 and is fixedly connected to any one of the straight pipes 9.

[0024] In this embodiment, sealing plates 2 are welded to the upper and lower ends of the heater housing 1 respectively, and openings are provided on the sealing plates 2 at both ends. The inlet 3 and the outlet 4 are welded to the openings of the upper and lower sealing plates 2 respectively. A gap is left between the upper perforated plate 10 and the sealing plate 2 at the upper end of the heater housing 1 (i.e., the top plate of the heater housing 1), and a gap is left between the lower perforated plate 5 and the sealing plate 2 at the lower end of the heater housing 1 (i.e., the bottom plate of the heater housing 1).

[0025] At the two ends of each straight pipe 9 in this embodiment, the contact parts with the heater housing 1 are sealed and welded. The electric heating rod 8 can be detachably inserted into the straight pipe 9. The heat of the electric heating rod 8 is transferred to the heat-conducting solid particles 6 through the straight pipe 9, and then the heat-conducting solid particles 6 are in full contact with the passing gas medium to achieve heat exchange and heat the gas medium.

[0026] On the electric heating rod 8 in this embodiment, there is a positioning step 13 for positioning. The diameter of the positioning step 13 is larger than the diameter of the straight pipe 9. After the electric heating rod 8 is inserted into the straight pipe 9, the positioning step 13 abuts against the side surface of the heater housing 1. The positioning step 13 is close to the incoming wire end of the electric heating rod 8 located outside the heater housing 1, avoiding the electric heating rod 8 being inserted too deep into the straight pipe 9, which may cause the wire to melt due to high temperature. On the outer surface of the part of the electric heating rod 8 inserted into the straight pipe 9, heat-conducting silicone grease is applied to increase the contact with the straight pipe 9.

[0027] The mesh holes on the upper porous mesh plate 10 and the lower porous mesh plate 5 in this embodiment are for the gas medium to pass through. The aperture of the mesh holes on the upper porous mesh plate 10 and the lower porous mesh plate 5 is smaller than the particle size of the heat-conducting solid particles 6. In this way, the heat-conducting solid particles 6 can be fixed and prevented from falling out from the upper porous mesh plate 10 or the lower porous mesh plate 5, and at the same time, the gas medium can pass through. The heat-conducting solid particles 6 in this embodiment can be zinc oxide particles with a particle size of φ4 - 15mm.

[0028] The temperature measuring device provided at the inlet 3 in this embodiment is the inlet temperature measuring device 11, and the temperature measuring device provided at the outlet 4 is the outlet temperature measuring device 7. The inlet temperature measuring device 11 and the outlet temperature measuring device 7 have the same structure, and both include a connecting pipe, a ferrule and a thermocouple. One end of the connecting pipe is hermetically connected to the inlet 3 or the outlet 4, the other end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected with a ferrule, the thermocouple is inserted into the ferrule and the connecting pipe, and one end of the thermocouple extends into the inlet 3 or the outlet 4 to contact the gas medium to realize the detection of the temperature of the gas medium, and the other end of the thermocouple is fixed through the ferrule.

[0029] The heating temperature control device 12 in this embodiment includes a connecting pipe, a ferrule and a thermocouple. One end of the connecting pipe penetrates through the heater housing 1 and is fixedly connected to any one of the straight pipes 9. The other end of the connecting pipe is located outside the heater housing 1 and is fixedly connected with a ferrule. The thermocouple is inserted into the ferrule and the connecting pipe, and one end of the thermocouple abuts against the fixedly connected straight pipe 9. In this way, the thermocouple can detect the heating temperature of the electric heating rod 8 in the fixedly connected straight pipe 9 in real time. The other end of the thermocouple is fixed through the ferrule and is connected to an external controller.

[0030] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0031] During the reactor startup phase, the gas medium with a relatively low temperature enters through inlet 3. At this time, each electric heating rod 8 is powered on to work, and the heat generated is transferred to the heat-conducting solid particles 6 through the straight pipe 9; the gas medium entering through inlet 3 passes through the upper perforated plate 10 and then fully contacts and exchanges heat with the heat-conducting solid particles 6. After heat exchange and temperature rise, the gas medium enters the rear end of the reactor through the lower perforated plate 5 and outlet 4, transferring heat to the entire reactor, thereby rapidly increasing the temperature of the reactor and shortening the startup time of the system.

Claims

1. An electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor, characterized in that: It includes a heater housing (1), a lower perforated plate (5), heat-conducting solid particles (6), an electric heating rod (8), a straight pipe (9), an upper perforated plate (10), a temperature measuring device and a heating temperature control device (12). The upper and lower ends of the heater housing (1) are both open. An inlet (3) is provided at the upper opening, and an outlet (4) is provided at the lower opening. An upper perforated plate (10) is provided inside the heater housing (1) below the inlet (3), and a lower perforated plate (5) is provided inside the heater housing (1) above the outlet (4). The heater housing (1) between the upper perforated plate (10) and the lower perforated plate (5) is filled with heat-conducting solid particles (6), and the heat-conducting solid particles (6) are clamped and fixed by the upper perforated plate (10) and the lower perforated plate (5). There are multiple straight pipes (9), and each straight pipe (9) penetrates the heater housing (1) between the upper perforated plate (10) and the lower perforated plate (5), and an electric heating rod (8) is inserted into each straight pipe (9). Temperature measuring devices are provided at both the inlet (3) and the outlet (4), and the heating temperature control device (12) penetrates into the heater housing (1) between the upper perforated plate (10) and the lower perforated plate (5) and is fixedly connected to any one of the straight pipes (9).

2. The electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of each straight pipe (9) are hermetically and fixedly connected to the heater housing (1), the electric heating rod (8) can be detachably inserted into the straight pipe (9), and the heat of the electric heating rod (8) is transferred to the heat-conducting solid particles (6) through the straight pipe (9), and then the passing gas medium is heated by the heat-conducting solid particles (6).

3. The electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gap is left between the upper perforated plate (10) and the sealing plate (2) at the upper end of the heater housing (1), and a gap is left between the lower perforated plate (5) and the sealing plate (2) at the lower end of the heater housing (1).

4. The electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature measuring device provided at the inlet (3) is an inlet temperature measuring device (11), and the temperature measuring device provided at the outlet (4) is an outlet temperature measuring device (7). The inlet temperature measuring device (11) and the outlet temperature measuring device (7) have the same structure, and both include a connecting pipe, a ferrule and a thermocouple. One end of the connecting pipe is hermetically connected to the inlet (3) or the outlet (4), the other end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected with a ferrule, the thermocouple is inserted into the ferrule and the connecting pipe, one end of the thermocouple extends into the inlet (3) or the outlet (4) and contacts the gas medium to realize the detection of the temperature of the gas medium, and the other end of the thermocouple is fixed through the ferrule.

5. The electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating temperature control device (12) includes a connecting pipe, a ferrule and a thermocouple. One end of the connecting pipe penetrates into the heater housing (1) and is fixedly connected to any one of the straight pipes (9), the other end of the connecting pipe is located outside the heater housing (1) and is fixedly connected with a ferrule, the thermocouple is inserted into the ferrule and the connecting pipe, one end of the thermocouple abuts against the fixedly connected straight pipe (9) and detects the heating temperature of the electric heating rod (8) in the fixedly connected straight pipe (9) in real time, and the other end of the thermocouple is fixed through the ferrule and is connected to an external controller.

6. The electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh holes on the upper porous mesh plate (10) and the lower porous mesh plate (5) are for the passage of gas medium, and the aperture diameters of the mesh holes on the upper porous mesh plate (10) and the lower porous mesh plate (5) are smaller than the particle size of the heat-conducting solid particles (6).

7. The electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heating rod (8) is provided with a positioning step (13) for positioning. The diameter of the positioning step (13) is larger than the diameter of the straight pipe (9). After the electric heating rod (8) is inserted into the straight pipe (9), the positioning step (13) abuts against the side surface of the heater housing (1), and the positioning step (13) is close to the incoming line end of the electric heating rod (8) located outside the heater housing (1).

8. The electric heater structure for rapid startup of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the part of the electric heating rod (8) inserted into the straight pipe (9) is coated with heat-conducting silicone grease for increasing the contact with the straight pipe (9).

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