Internet of vehicles efficient cross-domain authentication method based on reputation framework

Abstract

The invention discloses an Internet of Vehicles efficient cross-domain authentication method based on a reputation framework, and relates to the field of Internet of Vehicles, and the method comprises an initialization stage, a system basic setting obtaining stage, a system parameter generation stage, a regional reputation weight configuration stage and an intelligent contract deployment stage. In the registration stage, a vehicle node registers an identity in the Internet of Vehicles and obtains a public and private key pair of the vehicle node; in the intra-domain verification stage, the identity of the vehicle is verified in the source region; in the cross-domain authentication stage, a vehicle initiates a cross-domain authentication request and applies for joining the Internet of Vehicles of a target area; in the identity tracking stage, historical authentication records of the vehicle in the cross-domain authentication process are tracked. The method and the device have the effect of improving the system security.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle networking, and in particular to an efficient cross-domain authentication method for vehicle networking based on a reputation framework. Background Art

[0002] As the core technology of the new generation of intelligent transportation systems, vehicle networking is widely used to improve traffic efficiency, reduce traffic accidents, and enhance the driving experience. It enables information sharing and collaborative decision-making among vehicles through communication between vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-roadside unit (V2R), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), and vehicle-to-internet (V2I). In traditional vehicle networking architectures, vehicle identity authentication and information exchange rely on a centralized certificate authority (CA), which is responsible for verifying vehicle identities and issuing certificates. Vehicles communicate and exchange information using these certificates. However, the existing technologies have many deficiencies. First, the centralized authentication mode has a single point of failure risk. Once the CA is attacked or fails, the entire authentication system will collapse, threatening the security and reliability of vehicle networking. Second, the cross-domain collaboration efficiency is low. Vehicle communication between different domains requires complex authentication processes, resulting in increased authentication delays and difficulty in meeting the real-time requirements of vehicle networking. In addition, there is no unified trust evaluation mechanism between domains, making it difficult to quantify the credibility of vehicle behaviors and prone to trust islands, allowing malicious nodes to exploit trust differences for attacks. Finally, although traditional digital signature algorithms (such as RSA and ECDSA) are secure, they have long signature lengths and high computational overheads, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high concurrency and low latency in vehicle networking scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the problems existing in the prior art, this application provides an efficient cross-domain authentication method for vehicle networking based on a reputation framework.

[0004] This application provides an efficient cross-domain authentication method for vehicle networking based on a reputation framework, adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] An efficient cross-domain authentication method for vehicle networking based on a reputation framework includes:

[0006] S1, Initialization stage, obtaining the basic settings of the system, including system parameter generation, regional reputation weight configuration, and smart contract deployment;

[0007] S2, Registration stage, vehicle nodes register their identities in the vehicle networking and obtain their own public-private key pairs;

[0008] S3, Intra-domain verification stage, vehicles perform identity verification within the source region;

[0009] S4, Cross-domain authentication stage, vehicles initiate cross-domain authentication requests to apply to join the vehicle networking in the target region;

[0010] S5, Identity tracking phase, tracking the historical authentication records of the vehicle during the cross-domain authentication process.

[0011] Preferably, based on the built-in parameter generation formula, generate the basic domain parameters of the system and their corresponding values;

[0012] Initialize the trust agent of the upper-layer blockchain, generate the corresponding public key based on the built-in first formula, and mark it as the first public key;

[0013] The trust agent of the upper-layer blockchain initializes the roadside units in each area, generates the public keys of each roadside unit based on the built-in second formula, and obtains the second public key;

[0014] The upper-layer blockchain deploys its own trust agent nodes, and the lower-layer blockchain is maintained by the roadside units in their respective divided areas.

[0015] Preferably, obtain the average reputation value, historical authentication data, and the activity of the vehicle network in the corresponding area, and calculate the regional reputation weight based on the built-in third formula to obtain the regional reputation weight data.

[0016] Preferably, when the vehicle node performs cross-domain authentication, the vehicle submits an authentication request to the smart contract through the authentication agent in the source area. The smart contract obtains the vehicle information and verifies the legality of the vehicle signature to obtain the legality authentication result;

[0017] When the legality authentication result is authentication passed, the smart contract calculates the reputation value of the vehicle in the target area based on the source area reputation value and the target area information in the authentication request to obtain the regional reputation value of the target area.

[0018] Preferably, the vehicle node sends a registration request to the roadside unit in the current area according to its own identity identifier;

[0019] The roadside unit receives the registration request and forwards the registration request to the trust agent of the upper-layer blockchain for registration;

[0020] The trust agent in the upper-layer blockchain verifies the identity identifier of the vehicle according to the vehicle's registration request to determine the legality of the vehicle;

[0021] If it is determined that the vehicle is legal, generate the private key of the vehicle node according to the built-in seventh formula and generate the public key of the vehicle node according to the built-in eighth formula;

[0022] Store the legality information, private key information, and public key information of the vehicle in the upper-layer blockchain, and return the corresponding information to the roadside unit and the vehicle node in the current area.

[0023] Preferably, the vehicle node initiates an authentication request and signs the authentication request based on the private key of the vehicle node to obtain signature information;

[0024] The roadside unit in the current area receives the authentication request with signature information sent by the vehicle node, determines the public key of the vehicle node based on the blockchain, and verifies the signature information based on the public key of the vehicle;

[0025] If the signature verification fails, the roadside unit outputs a rejection signal to the vehicle node;

[0026] If the signature verification is successful, the roadside unit transmits the authentication request to the trust agent in the current area;

[0027] The trust agent in the current area obtains the vehicle information stored in the blockchain and performs a legality verification on the stored vehicle information and the uploaded authentication request to obtain a verification result;

[0028] Return the verification result to the vehicle node whose verification result is authentication passed.

[0029] Preferably, when cross-domain authentication is required, the vehicle node generates an authentication request, and the trust agent in the source area where the vehicle node is located signs the authentication request generated by the vehicle node based on the private key of the vehicle to obtain the corresponding cross-domain signature information;

[0030] The trust agent in the source area transmits the authentication request with cross-domain signature information to the target area, and the trust agent in the target area verifies the cross-domain signature information based on the public key of the corresponding vehicle to determine the validity of the cross-domain signature information;

[0031] Based on the regional reputation value of the vehicle node in the source area and the regional reputation value of the vehicle node in the target area, determine the change in the reputation value of the cross-domain vehicle to obtain the first reputation change value;

[0032] When the vehicle node passes through different areas, the vehicle node calculates the second reputation change value according to the regional reputation value of the source area and the regional weight data of the target area stored by itself;

[0033] Compare the first reputation change value with the second reputation change value to determine whether the vehicle node is maliciously occupied or tampered with.

[0034] In summary, the present application includes the following beneficial technical effects: By means of a decentralized blockchain architecture, the risk of single-point failure in the traditional centralized authentication mode is eliminated, enhancing the security and reliability of the system; By introducing short signature technology, the computational overhead and communication cost of the authentication process are significantly reduced, the signature length is shortened, improving the authentication efficiency and effectively meeting the real-time requirements of high concurrency and low latency in the vehicle networking; Meanwhile, the reputation value of vehicle nodes is flexibly adjusted according to the reputation weights of different regions to further enhance the flexibility and adaptability of the system. By combining smart contract technology, the transparency and traceability of the authentication process are ensured, further improving the credibility of the system; Through a dual authentication mechanism, the system can effectively resist attacks from malicious nodes, enhancing the overall security of the vehicle networking system; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the steps of the vehicle networking efficient cross-domain authentication method based on the reputation framework in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 2 is a cross-domain authentication framework diagram of the vehicle networking efficient cross-domain authentication method based on the reputation framework in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 3 is a data circulation diagram in the registration stage of the vehicle networking efficient cross-domain authentication method based on the reputation framework in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 4 is a flowchart of the intra-domain authentication stage of the vehicle networking efficient cross-domain authentication method based on the reputation framework in this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 5 is a flowchart of the cross-domain authentication stage of the vehicle networking efficient cross-domain authentication method based on the reputation framework in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0040] The following is a further detailed description of the present application in conjunction with the attached Figures 1 - 5 drawings.

[0041] The embodiment of the present application discloses a vehicle networking efficient cross-domain authentication method based on a reputation framework.

[0042] Embodiment: As Figure 1 shown, a vehicle networking efficient cross-domain authentication method based on a reputation framework of the present invention includes:

[0043] S1, initialization phase, obtains the basic settings of the system, involving system parameter generation, regional reputation weight configuration and smart contract deployment; among them, regional reputation weight RRW is a trust indicator at the regional level. It measures the degree of trust a region has in the vehicle (or other participants) during the authentication process, thereby determining whether the region is willing to accept the vehicle's authentication request or the degree of adjustment to the vehicle's reputation value during the authentication process. Regional reputation weights help cross-domain authentication systems transfer trust. Smart contract deployment, each vehicle generates a public-private key pair, submits the public key and vehicle identity information (such as vehicle ID) to the smart contract for registration and storage, and ensures that the public key can be verified in subsequent authentication. The smart contract is responsible for storing the regional reputation weight and dynamically updating the weight for calculating the vehicle's reputation value.

[0044] S2, registration phase, the vehicle node registers its identity in the Internet of Vehicles and obtains its own public and private key pair;

[0045] S3, the intra-domain verification phase, the vehicle is authenticated within the source area; the intra-domain verification phase is a crucial link, the vehicle needs to be authenticated within the source area to ensure the vehicle's identity, information integrity and the legitimacy of the authentication request.

[0046] S4, the cross-domain authentication stage, the vehicle initiates a cross-domain authentication request and applies to join the vehicle network in the target area; when the vehicle enters from one area to another, it will initiate a cross-domain authentication request and apply to join the vehicle network in that area.

[0047] S5, the identity tracking stage, tracks the historical authentication records of the vehicle during the cross-domain authentication process. By tracking the historical authentication records of the vehicle during the cross-domain authentication process, the traceability and transparency of the authentication process are ensured. The transparency of the authentication process is ensured by storing the detailed information of each authentication request in the blockchain. For example, vehicle identity information, regional reputation value, source area, target area, signature, authentication status, etc. Through multi-signature verification, the credibility of each link of the authentication decision is ensured, and the signature records of each link are stored on the blockchain through smart contracts to ensure the integrity of each authentication traceability.

[0048] For example, the efficient cross-domain authentication scheme of the Internet of Vehicles based on the reputation framework involves multiple domains, and there are five main roles in each domain, namely, the trust agent TA, the vehicle node, the roadside unit RSU, the upper blockchain and the lower blockchain. The message communication process mainly includes intra-domain authentication and cross-domain authentication. Intra-domain authentication is an authentication protocol for message transmission in the same area to ensure the integrity and credibility of the message, while cross-domain authentication refers to the authentication protocol for message transmission between communicators in different areas to ensure the security and credibility of the message.

[0049] like Figure 2As shown, in step S1, in the initialization phase, the basic settings of the system are obtained, which involve system parameter generation, regional reputation weight configuration, and smart contract deployment. Among them, the system parameter generation includes the following steps:

[0050] S11, based on the built-in parameter generation formula, generate the basic domain parameters of the system and their corresponding values; specifically: perform a bilinear pairing between the vehicle authentication space and the message authentication space; based on the hash function, map the authentication message into the message authentication space. Among them, the built-in parameter generation formula is BB = (q, G1, G2, G T , e, P1, P2, H(·)), the bilinear pairing is e: G1 × G2 → G T , and the hash function mapping is H: {0, 1} * → G2, where G1 is the vehicle authentication space and G2 is the message authentication space.

[0051] S12, initialize the trust agent of the upper-layer blockchain, and generate the corresponding public key based on the built-in first formula, and mark it as the first public key; where the first formula is PK TA = SK TA · g2, where PK TA is the public key of the trust agent, SK TA is the private key of the trust agent, and SK TA satisfies a random large prime number, and g2 is the generator in the information authentication space.

[0052] S13, the trust agent of the upper-layer blockchain initializes the roadside units in each region, and generates the public keys of each roadside unit based on the built-in second formula to obtain the second public key; where the second formula is PK RSU = SK RSU · g2, where PK RSU is the public key of the roadside unit, SK RSU is the private key of the roadside unit, and SK RSU satisfies a random large prime number, and g2 is the generator in the information authentication space.

[0053] S14, the upper-layer blockchain deploys its own trust agent nodes, and the lower-layer blockchain is maintained by the roadside units in their respective divided regions.

[0054] In step S1, in the initialization phase, the basic settings of the system are obtained, which involve system parameter generation, regional reputation weight configuration, and smart contract deployment. Among them, the regional reputation weight configuration includes the following steps:

[0055] S15. Obtain the average credit value, historical authentication data, and the activity of the vehicle networking within the corresponding area, and calculate the regional credit weight based on the built-in third formula to obtain the regional credit weight data.

[0056] Among them, the third formula RRW is: Where RRW is the regional credit weight data of the current area; ω1, ω2, ω3, ω4 are the weight coefficients of different factors, which determine the influence degree of each factor on the regional credit weight. is the average value of the credit values of all roadside units within the current area; HH is the proportion of vehicles with successful authentication within the current area, representing the trust situation of the area in vehicles in the past; AA is the activity degree of the vehicle networking within the current area, including the communication frequency between vehicles and roadside units. An active vehicle networking helps to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the authentication process; σ is the noise factor.

[0057] Among them, H1 is the number of successful authentications, and H2 is the number of all authentications.

[0058] AA = log2n, where n is the number of active vehicles within the area.

[0059] ω1 + ω2 + ω3 + ω4 = 1.

[0060] In step S1, in the initialization phase, obtain the basic settings of the system, which involve system parameter generation, regional credit weight configuration, and smart contract deployment. Among them, the smart contract deployment includes the following steps:

[0061] S16. When a vehicle node performs cross-domain authentication, the vehicle submits an authentication request to the smart contract through the authentication agent in the source area. The smart contract obtains the vehicle information and verifies the legality of the vehicle signature to obtain the legality authentication result. Among them, the authentication request includes vehicle identity information, source area credit value, target area information, and timestamp.

[0062] S17. When the legality authentication result is authentication passed, the smart contract calculates the credit value of the vehicle in the target area according to the source area credit value and target area information in the authentication request to obtain the regional credit value of the target area. After determining the authentication result of the vehicle authentication information and the credit value of the vehicle in the corresponding area, store the authentication result and the corresponding area credit value in the blockchain for subsequent auditing and tracing.

[0063] As Figure 3 shown, in step S2, in the registration phase, the vehicle node registers its identity in the vehicle networking and obtains its own public-private key pair, including the following steps:

[0064] S21. The vehicle node sends a registration request to the roadside unit in the current area according to its own identity identifier.

[0065] S22, the roadside unit receives the registration request and forwards the registration request to the trust agent of the upper blockchain for registration;

[0066] S23, the trust agent in the upper blockchain verifies the identity of the vehicle according to the vehicle registration request and determines the legitimacy of the vehicle;

[0067] S24, if the vehicle is determined to be legitimate, a private key is generated for the vehicle node according to the built-in seventh formula, and a public key is generated for the vehicle node according to the built-in eighth formula; wherein the seventh formula is SK V =H(ID V )·SK TA , S.K. V is the private key of the vehicle, SK TA is the private key of the trusted agent, ID V is the vehicle's identity, H(ID V ) is the hash value of the vehicle's identity. The eighth formula is PK V =SK V g2, where PK V is the public key of the vehicle, SK V is the private key of the vehicle, and g2 is the generator in the information authentication space.

[0068] S25, the vehicle's legitimacy information, private key information and public key information are stored in the upper blockchain, and the corresponding information is returned to the roadside unit and vehicle node in the current area.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S3, in the domain verification phase, the vehicle performs identity authentication in the source area, including the following steps:

[0070] S31, the vehicle node initiates an authentication request and signs the authentication request based on the private key of the vehicle node to obtain signature information; wherein the format of the authentication message is m V ={ID V ,R A ,T,H(m V ),starttarget,endtarget}, where ID V is the vehicle identification, R A is the regional reputation value of the vehicle in the current area, T is the timestamp, H(m V ) is the hash value of the authentication message, starttarget is the sending target, and endtarget is the receiving target. The signature generation formula can be σ V =SK V ·H(m V ), where σV is the signature information, SK V is the private key of the vehicle, and H(m V ) is the hash value of the authentication message.

[0071] S32. The roadside unit in the current area receives the authentication request with signature information sent by the vehicle node, determines the public key of the vehicle node based on the blockchain, and verifies the signature information based on the public key of the vehicle; the verification formula is to judge whether e(σ V , g2) is the same as e(H(m V ), PK V ).

[0072] S33. If the signature verification fails, the roadside unit outputs a rejection signal to the vehicle node;

[0073] S34. If the signature verification is successful, the roadside unit transmits the authentication request to the trust agent in the current area; this trust agent is the trust agent in the upper-layer blockchain.

[0074] S35. The trust agent in the current area obtains the vehicle information stored in the blockchain, and performs a legality verification on the stored vehicle information and the uploaded authentication request to obtain a verification result;

[0075] S36. Return the verification result to the vehicle node whose verification result is authentication passed. At the same time, store all authentication requests and verification results in the blockchain through a smart contract to ensure the traceability of the authentication process.

[0076] As Figure 5 shown, in step S4, in the cross-domain authentication phase, the vehicle initiates a cross-domain authentication request to apply to join the vehicle networking in the target area, including the following steps:

[0077] S41. When cross-domain authentication is required, the vehicle node generates an authentication request, and the trust agent in the source area where the vehicle node is located signs the authentication request generated by the vehicle node based on the private key of the vehicle to obtain the corresponding cross-domain signature information; the authentication request is m TA = {ID V , R A , RRW A , T, H(m TA ), starttarget, endtarget, σ V}}, where m TA is the authentication request information, ID V is the identity information of the vehicle, R A is the regional reputation value of the source area, RRW A is the regional reputation weight data of the source area, T is the timestamp, and H(m TA) is the message hash value, starttarget is the sending target, endtarget is the receiving target, and σ V is the signature information during vehicle node information registration.

[0078] The cross-domain signature information is σ TA = SK V ·H(m TA ), σ TA is the cross-domain signature information of the vehicle node, and SK V is the private key of the vehicle node.

[0079] S42. The trust agent in the source area transmits the authentication request with cross-domain signature information to the target area. The trust agent in the target area verifies the cross-domain signature information based on the public key of the corresponding vehicle to determine the validity of the cross-domain signature information;

[0080] S43. Based on the regional reputation value of the vehicle node in the source area and the regional reputation value of the vehicle node in the target area, determine the change in the reputation value of the cross-domain vehicle to obtain the first reputation change value; The calculation formula is where, R B is the first reputation change value, R A is the regional reputation value of the source area, RRW B is the regional reputation weight data of the target area, RRW A is the regional reputation weight data of the source area.

[0081] S44. When the vehicle node passes through different areas, the vehicle node calculates the second reputation change value according to the regional reputation value of the source area stored by itself and the regional weight data of the target area; The calculation formula is where, R B ′ is the second reputation change value, RRW B ′ is the regional reputation weight data of the target area recorded in the vehicle node, RRW A ′ is the regional reputation weight data of the source area recorded in the vehicle node.

[0082] S45. Compare the first reputation change value with the second reputation change value to determine whether the vehicle node is maliciously occupied or tampered with. At the same time, after the judgment is completed, all information of the authentication request is stored in the blockchain through a smart contract to ensure the transparency and traceability of the authentication process.

[0083] Compared with the existing efficient cross-domain authentication method for the Internet of Vehicles based on the reputation framework, the present invention improves the system security.

[0084] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An efficient cross-domain authentication method for Internet of Vehicles based on a reputation framework, characterized in that: include: S1, initialization phase, obtains the basic settings of the system, involving system parameter generation, regional reputation weight configuration and smart contract deployment; S2, registration phase, the vehicle node registers its identity in the Internet of Vehicles and obtains its own public and private key pair; S3, intra-domain verification phase, the vehicle performs identity authentication within the source region; S4, cross-domain authentication stage, the vehicle initiates a cross-domain authentication request and applies to join the vehicle networking network in the target area; S5, the identity tracking phase, tracks the historical authentication records of the vehicle during the cross-domain authentication process.

2. According to claim 1, a method for efficient cross-domain authentication of Internet of Vehicles based on a reputation framework is characterized in that: The system parameters in S1 are generated as follows: Generate the basic domain parameters of the system and their corresponding values ​​based on the built-in parameter generation formula; Initialize the trust agent of the upper blockchain, generate the corresponding public key based on the built-in first formula, and mark it as the first public key; The trust agent of the upper blockchain initializes the roadside unit of each area, and generates the public key of each roadside unit based on the built-in second formula to obtain the second public key; The upper blockchain deploys its own trust proxy node, and the lower blockchain is maintained by the roadside units in their respective areas.

3. According to claim 2, an efficient cross-domain authentication method for Internet of Vehicles based on a reputation framework is characterized in that: The regional reputation weight configuration in S1 is as follows: The average reputation value, historical authentication data and Internet of Vehicles activity in the corresponding area are obtained, and the regional reputation weight is calculated based on the built-in third formula to obtain the regional reputation weight data.

4. According to claim 3, an efficient cross-domain authentication method for Internet of Vehicles based on a reputation framework is characterized in that: The smart contract deployment in S1 is as follows: When the vehicle node performs cross-domain authentication, the vehicle submits an authentication request to the smart contract through the authentication agent in the source area. The smart contract obtains the vehicle information and verifies the legitimacy of the vehicle signature to obtain the legitimacy authentication result. When the legality authentication result is authentication passed, the smart contract calculates the reputation value of the vehicle in the target area based on the source area reputation value and target area information in the authentication request to obtain the regional reputation value of the target area.

5. According to claim 4, an efficient cross-domain authentication method for Internet of Vehicles based on a reputation framework is characterized in that: S2 is specifically: The vehicle node sends a registration request to the roadside unit in the current area according to its own identity; The RSU receives the registration request and forwards it to the trust agent of the upper blockchain for registration; The trust agent in the upper blockchain verifies the vehicle’s identity based on the vehicle’s registration request and determines the vehicle’s legitimacy; If the vehicle is determined to be legitimate, a private key is generated for the vehicle node according to the built-in seventh formula, and a public key is generated for the vehicle node according to the built-in eighth formula; The vehicle's legitimacy information, private key information, and public key information are stored in the upper blockchain, and the corresponding information is returned to the roadside unit and vehicle nodes in the current area.

6. According to claim 5, an efficient cross-domain authentication method for Internet of Vehicles based on a reputation framework is characterized in that: S3 is specifically: The vehicle node initiates an authentication request and signs the authentication request based on the private key of the vehicle node to obtain signature information; The roadside unit in the current area receives the authentication request with signature information sent by the vehicle node, determines the public key of the vehicle node based on the blockchain, and verifies the signature information based on the public key of the vehicle; If the signature verification fails, the RSU outputs a rejection signal to the vehicle node; If the signature verification is successful, the RSU transmits the authentication request to the trust agent in the current area; The trust agent in the current area obtains the vehicle information stored in the blockchain, and verifies the legitimacy of the stored vehicle information and the uploaded authentication request to obtain the verification result; The verification result is returned to the vehicle node whose verification result is authenticated.

7. The method for efficient cross-domain authentication of Internet of Vehicles based on a reputation framework according to claim 6 is characterized in that: S4 is specifically: When cross-domain authentication is required, the vehicle node generates an authentication request, and the trust agent in the source area where the vehicle node is located signs the authentication request generated by the vehicle node based on the private key of the vehicle to obtain the corresponding cross-domain signature information; The trust agent in the source area transmits the authentication request with the cross-domain signature information to the target area, and the trust agent in the target area verifies the cross-domain signature information based on the public key of the corresponding vehicle to determine the validity of the cross-domain signature information; Determine a change in the reputation value of the cross-domain vehicle based on the regional reputation value of the vehicle node in the source area and the regional reputation value of the vehicle node in the target area, and obtain a first reputation change value; When the vehicle node passes through different areas, the vehicle node calculates a second reputation change value based on the regional reputation value of the source area and the regional weight data of the target area stored in the vehicle node; The first reputation change value is compared with the second reputation change value to determine whether the vehicle node is maliciously occupied or tampered with.

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