Active sand barrier wind-sand prevention system, construction method thereof and wind-sand prevention method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of active sand barrier wind-sand protection system, its construction method and wind-sand protection method.The active sand barrier wind-sand protection system includes first active sand barrier unit, second active sand barrier unit and third active sand barrier unit sequentially arranged along the main wind direction, the first active sand barrier unit includes multiple concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers sequentially arranged along the direction perpendicular to the main wind direction, the second active sand barrier unit includes multiple groups of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in dot-matrix on the ground, each group of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers includes three concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in pin shape on the ground, and the third active sand barrier unit includes multiple square active sand barriers, multiple square active sand barriers are connected to each other and arranged in mesh on the ground.The active sand barrier wind-sand protection system provided by the application has a three-dimensional wind-blocking and sand-storing structure, and can maintain and expand the original sand barrier pattern to the surrounding, effectively reducing the cost of sand control and improving the effect of sand control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment governance technology, specifically to a living sand barrier wind and sand protection system, its construction method, and wind and sand protection method. Background Technology

[0002] Living sand barriers are built on shifting sands. By utilizing the density and height of the branches and leaves of suitable and excellent sand-loving shrubs, living plants are set up in strips or grids to form a fence-like sand barrier. The layered structure reduces wind force, deposits drifting sand, and mitigates wind and sand damage to the protected area. At the same time, it protects the fragile water balance of the sand between the barriers. It has the characteristics of low water consumption (low coverage) and low cost biological control.

[0003] Currently, suitable plant species for use as living sand barriers include sand willow, caragana, sand sagebrush, purple locust, sand jujube, sea buckthorn, pandanus, tamarisk, Buddleja officinalis, highland barley, oats, wheat, and Jerusalem artichoke tubers. These plant materials are readily available. In sandy areas, the principle of "suitable trees for suitable sites" is generally adopted, and row-shaped or grid-shaped living sand barriers are constructed through planting, cutting, or sowing, resulting in a high survival rate. However, when using this living sand barrier technology to control sand damage, the plant's stress resistance limit and low soil moisture content are important limiting factors. This means that no matter how well-selected suitable and highly stress-resistant plants are combined with efficient water-saving measures, the live sand barrier technology cannot achieve the control effect of full-coverage afforestation.

[0004] Living sand barriers, constructed by densely inserting branches in strips or grids, enhance the soil's resistance to erosion through natural plant propagation, and are of great significance for regional ecological restoration projects that primarily rely on biological control. However, some problems still exist in the practical application of living sand barriers in sand control engineering. First, the dense insertion of numerous branches such as *Salix matsudana* in strips or grids (see...) Figure 1 The spacing between cuttings is generally 1-2 cm, which consumes a lot of branches and water. Above-ground branches compete with each other for space and sunlight, while underground roots compete for water and nutrients, resulting in a low survival rate. Even if the survival rate is high due to sufficient water in the early stages, the interspecific competition and high water consumption will lead to a low survival rate in the later stages, and its sand-prevention and ecological effects will be significantly reduced.

[0005] Secondly, the living sand barriers formed by row-like or net-like shrubbery such as *Salix matsudana*, due to the natural inverted conical crown structure of the shrubs (see... Figure 2 This creates a blank area near the ground between two adjacent shrubs, allowing near-surface windblown sand to penetrate deeply, thus weakening the effect of wind and sand control, especially significantly reducing the effect of sand fixation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a live sand barrier wind and sand protection system, its construction method, and wind and sand protection method to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes:

[0008] One aspect of the present invention provides a sandstorm protection system with active sand barriers, which includes a first active sand barrier unit, a second active sand barrier unit and a third active sand barrier unit arranged sequentially along the prevailing wind direction. The first active sand barrier unit, the second active sand barrier unit and the third active sand barrier unit are all strip-shaped extending in a direction perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction and are parallel to each other.

[0009] The first active sand barrier unit includes multiple concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged sequentially along a direction perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction; the second active sand barrier unit includes multiple sets of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in a dot matrix pattern on the ground; each set of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers includes three concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in a triangular pattern on the ground; and the third active sand barrier unit includes multiple square active sand barriers, which are interconnected and arranged in a net-like pattern on the ground.

[0010] The concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier includes a first mother plant and multiple first circular shrubs. The multiple first circular shrubs are arranged concentrically with the first mother plant as the center, and the multiple first circular shrubs are distributed sequentially in a direction away from the center. They are formed by the same generation of branches and / or different generations of branches of the first mother plant. The branches are formed by the growth of branches of the first mother plant or the previous generation of branches through layering propagation. Each first circular shrub has an arched dome-shaped structure, so that the concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier has a wave-shaped top surface.

[0011] In the third living sand barrier unit, at least two square living sand barriers with opposite corners have a second mother plant at their common vertex, and the four sides of the square living sand barrier connected to the common vertex with the second mother plant all contain shrubs formed by second-generation divisions, which are formed by the growth of branches of the second mother plant through layering propagation.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for constructing the aforementioned active sand barrier wind and sand protection system, comprising:

[0013] The first active sand barrier unit, the second active sand barrier unit, and the third active sand barrier unit are set up sequentially along the prevailing wind direction;

[0014] The first mother plant is planted in the first and second living sand barrier units, and the layering propagation technique is used to reproduce offspring shrubs from the first mother plant to form the concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier.

[0015] A second mother plant is planted in the third living sand barrier unit, and the second mother plant is propagated by layering to produce offspring shrubs, forming the grid living sand barrier.

[0016] The layering propagation technique includes: selecting branches on the corresponding mother plant, bending and fixing the branches in the soil at the layering planting location, or selecting branches on the corresponding lateral plant for layering; allowing the branches to grow, thereby sprouting roots at the layering planting location to form offspring shrubs.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for wind and sand protection, which includes: setting up the aforementioned active sand barrier wind and sand protection system upwind of the protected object.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0019] 1) This invention utilizes the strong root sprouting ability of branches and roots of plants such as *Salix matsudana* to construct a concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier structure through layering propagation. The center of each living sand barrier is the mother plant shrub, from which multiple offspring shrubs, layered branches, and branches sprouting from the layered branches expand concentrically outwards, collectively forming the barrier. Unlike the point-like shrub structure and cutting-type grid living sand barriers in existing ecological forests, the concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier structure provided by this invention presents an arched, wave-like three-dimensional spatial structure, integrating the structure and function of plant and mechanical sand barriers. As the plants continue to grow and propagate, the original sand barrier pattern can be maintained and expanded outwards, resulting in significant windbreak, sand fixation, and ecological benefits.

[0020] 2) During the propagation of sand willow by layering, the layering can utilize the nutrients and water supplied by the mother tree, resulting in a high survival rate. Furthermore, since the layered tree and the mother tree are the same plant, they are connected through the layering, resulting in a complementary effect of water and nutrients. The overall water consumption is low, and the tree has strong continuous survival ability. The afforestation cost is low. While effectively blocking sand, it greatly reduces the amount of plants and cuttings used per unit area, reduces water loss in sandy areas, makes up for the shortcomings of large-scale afforestation and management, and has a good sustainable biological management effect.

[0021] 3) Compared to setting the sides of the grid parallel or perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, the corners of the grid are set facing upwind, i.e., the sides of the grid form a 45-degree angle with the prevailing wind direction. This allows the airflow to first impact the parent plant when entering the grid sand barrier, then be diverted at a 45-degree angle, and then flow along the edge of the barrier formed by the branches. After impacting the parent plant downwind, it is diverted again, thus repeating the above process. The airflow energy will be greatly weakened, and the sand-sinking effect will be strong. The branches effectively fill the blank areas formed by the shrubs near the ground surface, making up for the sand leakage defects in the blank areas caused by the inverted cone shape of the sand shrubs, and can effectively intercept and fix the wind and sand flow.

[0022] 4) The sand-blocking wind and sand protection system provided by this invention uses three protective measures: row-type concentric wave-shaped sand barriers, area-distributed triangular concentric wave-shaped sand barriers, and grid-shaped sand barriers, which are set sequentially on the upwind side of the protected object. The combination of multiple strips and area distribution forms a continuous and dense barrier, filling the near-ground blank area and preventing near-surface wind and sand from flowing straight in. The row-type concentric wave-shaped sand barriers with multiple strips form the leading sand-blocking belt, and the area-distributed triangular concentric wave-shaped sand barriers form the middle sand-fixing zone. The grid-shaped sand barriers are used to construct multiple second sand-fixing zones, forming a front-blocking and rear-fixing mode, which effectively blocks the flow of wind and sand, reduces wind speed, and has significant sand-fixing benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a strip or grid-like live sand barrier diagram in the existing technology;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the natural inverted conical canopy of shrubs in striped or grid-like living sand barriers in existing technologies;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a sand-blocking wind and sand protection system provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the concentric wave-shaped active sand barrier roof structure provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a side view diagram of a concentric wave-shaped active sand barrier provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of a grid-like sand barrier provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a side view of one side of a grid-like sand barrier provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Attached labels: 1. Plant; 11. Mother plant; 12. Division; 121. First-generation layering; 122. First-generation shrub; 123. Second-generation layering; 124. Second-generation shrub; 125. Third-generation layering; 126. Third-generation shrub; 127. Branches sprouting from layering; 2. Planting point; 21. Planting hole for mother plant; 22. Planting location for first-generation layering; 23. Planting location for second-generation layering; 24. Planting location for third-generation layering; 3. Row-type concentric wavy sand barrier; 4. Triangular concentric wavy sand barrier; 5. Grid sand barrier; 6. Protected object; 7. Prevailing wind direction; 8. Sand surface. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The invention will be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description. However, it should be understood that the detailed description disclosed below is merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, the specific functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but rather as the basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to employ the invention in different ways in any suitable detailed embodiment.

[0033] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a sandstorm protection system with active sand barriers, including a first active sand barrier unit, a second active sand barrier unit and a third active sand barrier unit arranged sequentially along the prevailing wind direction. The first active sand barrier unit, the second active sand barrier unit and the third active sand barrier unit are all strip-shaped extending in a direction perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction and are parallel to each other.

[0034] The first active sand barrier unit includes multiple concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged sequentially along a direction perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction; the second active sand barrier unit includes multiple sets of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in a dot matrix pattern on the ground; each set of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers includes three concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in a triangular pattern on the ground; and the third active sand barrier unit includes multiple square active sand barriers, which are interconnected and arranged in a net-like pattern on the ground.

[0035] The concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier includes a first mother plant and multiple first circular shrubs. The multiple first circular shrubs are arranged concentrically with the first mother plant as the center, and the multiple first circular shrubs are distributed sequentially in a direction away from the center. They are formed by the same generation of branches and / or different generations of branches of the first mother plant. The branches are formed by the growth of branches of the first mother plant or the previous generation of branches through layering propagation. Each first circular shrub has an arched dome-shaped structure, so that the concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier has a wave-shaped top surface.

[0036] In the third living sand barrier unit, at least two square living sand barriers with opposite corners have a second mother plant at their common vertex, and the four sides of the square living sand barrier connected to the common vertex with the second mother plant all contain shrubs formed by second-generation divisions, which are formed by the growth of branches of the second mother plant through layering propagation.

[0037] In some implementations, a blank zone is provided between each two adjacent units in the first, second, and third active sand barrier units.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the width of the blank strip is 10-30m.

[0039] In some implementations, the width of the first active sand barrier unit is 5-20m.

[0040] In some implementations, the width of the second active sand barrier unit is 20-50m.

[0041] In some implementations, the width of the third active sand barrier unit is 20-50m.

[0042] In some implementations, the multiple first annular shrubs distributed sequentially in a direction away from the center each include a first generation division, a first second generation division, ..., a first m generation division. The first generation division is formed by the growth of branches from the first mother plant through layering propagation. The first second generation division is formed by the growth of branches from the first generation division through layering propagation. And so on. The first m generation division is formed by the growth of branches from the first (m-1) generation division through layering propagation. m≥2.

[0043] In some implementations, multiple first annular shrubs distributed sequentially in a direction away from the center each contain multiple first-generation tributaries, wherein the multiple first-generation tributaries are formed by layering propagation techniques from the same branch of the first mother plant at different locations along the length direction.

[0044] In some implementations, the layering propagation technique involves planting layers on concentric circles centered on the first mother plant, with a spacing of 50-100 cm between the circles.

[0045] In some implementations, the branches used in the layering propagation technique are healthy, disease-free, one- to two-year-old branches with a diameter of 0.5-2 cm and a length of 0.5-1.5 m.

[0046] In some implementations, the spacing between adjacent first mother trees in the first active sand barrier unit is 3-5m.

[0047] In some implementations, the spacing between adjacent first mother plants in the second active sand barrier unit is 3-5m.

[0048] In some implementations, adjacent concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers in the first active sand barrier unit are interconnected to form an overall structure with an undulating wave-shaped three-dimensional sand storage space.

[0049] In some implementations, adjacent concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers in the second active sand barrier unit are interconnected to form an overall structure with an undulating wave-shaped three-dimensional sand storage space.

[0050] In some implementations, the spacing between adjacent second mother plants in the third active sand barrier unit is 1-3m.

[0051] In some implementations, at least two grid-like sand barriers with opposite corners in the third sand barrier unit have a second mother plant at their common vertex, and the four sides of the grid-like sand barrier connected to the common vertex with the second mother plant are all shrubs formed by second-generation branches, second-second-generation branches, ..., second-nth-generation branches. The second-generation branches are formed by the growth of branches of the second mother plant through layering propagation, the second-second-generation branches are formed by the growth of branches of the second-generation branches through layering propagation, and so on, the second-nth-generation branches are formed by the growth of branches of the second (n-1)th-generation branches through layering propagation, where n≥2.

[0052] In some implementations, at least two grid-like sand barriers with opposite corners in the third sand barrier unit have a second mother plant at their common vertex, and the four sides of the grid-like sand barrier connected to the common vertex with the second mother plant all contain shrubs formed by second-generation divisions, which are formed by layering propagation techniques from the same branch of the second mother plant at different locations along its length.

[0053] In some implementation schemes, one apex of each square of the live sand barrier is positioned facing the prevailing wind direction, and the edge of each square of the live sand barrier forms a 45-degree angle with the prevailing wind direction.

[0054] In some implementation schemes, the first and second mother plants are psammophytic shrubs with strong sprouting ability, which are 2-3 years old and reach a height of 2-3m and a crown width of 2-4m, propagated by seedlings or cuttings.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, the first mother plant and the second mother plant include, but are not limited to, any one or a combination of two of the following: sand willow and caragana.

[0056] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing the aforementioned active sand barrier wind and sand protection system, including:

[0057] The first active sand barrier unit, the second active sand barrier unit, and the third active sand barrier unit are set up sequentially along the prevailing wind direction;

[0058] The first mother plant is planted in the first and second living sand barrier units, and the layering propagation technique is used to reproduce offspring shrubs from the first mother plant to form the concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier.

[0059] A second mother plant is planted in the second living sand barrier unit, and the second mother plant is propagated by layering to produce offspring shrubs, forming the grid living sand barrier.

[0060] The layering propagation technique includes: selecting branches on the corresponding mother plant, bending and fixing the branches in the soil at the layering planting location, or selecting branches on the corresponding lateral plant for layering; allowing the branches to grow, thereby sprouting roots at the layering planting location to form offspring shrubs.

[0061] In some implementations, the layering propagation technique specifically includes:

[0062] After spring rains, select healthy, disease-free, one- to two-year-old branches from the mother plant, with a diameter of 0.5-2 cm and a length of 0.5-1.5 m. Bend the branches and press them into the soil at the layering planting location 10-15 cm, then cover and compact the sand. Cover the soil surface above the layering with stones to ensure that the branches are fixed in the soil and grow, thereby sprouting roots at the layering planting location to form offspring shrubs.

[0063] In some preferred embodiments, the branches are layered simultaneously at multiple layering planting locations.

[0064] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a wind and sand protection method including: setting up the aforementioned active sand barrier wind and sand protection system upwind of the protected object.

[0065] In summary, to overcome the existing technical deficiencies of live sand barriers, this invention constructs a concentric wave-shaped live sand barrier. This live sand barrier has a three-dimensional wind-blocking and sand-storing structure, which can not only fix local flowing sand, but also intercept and store flowing sand passing through, providing a new technology for wind and sand control and ecological management projects.

[0066] The present invention is further illustrated below by way of examples, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the examples described. All reagents and raw materials used in the following examples are commercially available, and test methods not specifically specified are generally performed under conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.

[0067] Example

[0068] This embodiment provides a live sand barrier wind and sand protection system, which consists of three parts: a row-type concentric wave-shaped live sand barrier 3, a triangular concentric wave-shaped live sand barrier 4, and a grid-shaped live sand barrier 5. Plants 1 are planted in the three types of live sand barriers. Plant 1 consists of a mother plant 11 and its branches 12.

[0069] Please see Figure 3 Three measures were implemented: 1) Multiple concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers 3 (multiple strips) were sequentially installed along the prevailing wind direction 7 upwind of the protected object 6; 2) Triangular concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers 4 and grid-like active sand barriers 5 (area distribution); 3) combining multiple strips and area distribution, with blank zones between each strip. First, the multiple concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers formed the leading sand-blocking zone; second, multiple triangular concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers 4 were installed to form the middle sand-fixing zone; then, grid-like active sand barriers 5 were used to construct multiple second sand-fixing zones downwind. This ultimately formed a comprehensive wind and sand protection system with a front-blocking and rear-fixing model.

[0070] Of the three measures, the concentric wave-shaped active sand barrier 3 has a width of 5-20m, the triangular concentric wave-shaped active sand barrier 4 has a width of 20-50m, the grid-shaped active sand barrier 5 has a width of 20-50m, and the blank strip has a width of 10-30m. The three measures are arranged in multiple strips with blank strips interspersed, and the extension direction of their lengths is perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction 7.

[0071] For details, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The concentric wave-shaped active sand barrier 3 is mainly composed of the mother plant 11 and its tributaries 12.

[0072] Mother plants 11 are psammophytic shrubs with strong sprouting ability, such as *Salix psammophila* and *Caragana korshinskii*, planted by seedlings or cuttings, spaced 3-5m apart. After 2-3 years, when they reach a height of 2-3m and a crown width of 2-4m, they can be considered mother plants. Mother plants 11 form the center of the concentric wavy living sand barrier 3 in this row.

[0073] The 12 divisions include: first-generation layering 121, first-generation shrub 122, second-generation layering 123, second-generation shrub 124, third-generation layering 125, third-generation shrub 126, and branches sprouting from the layering 127. The 12 divisions are the offspring shrubs formed by the layering propagation technique from the mother plant 11, expanding outwards, as well as the layering itself and the branches sprouting from it. The divisions form concentric circles around the outer edge of the central, wavy, banded sand barrier in this row.

[0074] Layering propagation techniques include:

[0075] After a spring rain, select healthy, disease-free, one- to two-year-old branches from the mother plant, about 0.5-2 cm in diameter and 0.5-1.5 m in length. Bend the branches and press them into the soil at the layering location 10-15 cm deep, then cover and compact the sand. Finally, cover the soil surface above the layering with stones to ensure the branches are fixed in the soil.

[0076] By selecting multiple long branches from the mother plant and simultaneously layering the branches at multiple planting locations, multiple components of a shrub can be established at once. Alternatively, the layering process can be performed on branches from first-generation, second-generation, or third-generation shrubs. In engineering practice, both methods can be used to accelerate the formation of multiple shrubs and shrub clusters.

[0077] Please see Figure 4 The planting points 2 of the row-and-strip concentric wavy living sand barrier include mother plant planting holes 21, first-generation layering planting positions 22, second-generation layering planting positions 23, and third-generation layering planting positions 24. Among them, the mother plant planting holes 21 are distributed in a row-and-strip pattern and are located at the center of the living sand barrier; the layering planting positions are all distributed on concentric circles with the mother plant 11 as the center, and the distance between the circles is 50-100cm.

[0078] The construction technique of the concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier 3 includes: inserting branches of sand-loving shrubs such as sand willow and caragana into the sand surface 8 by water jetting. When the height reaches 2-3m and the crown width reaches 2-4m, after growing into a clump to form a mother plant 11, select several strong branches to spread outward and press them into the layering planting position. Taking advantage of the strong sprouting ability of sand willow and caragana branches, the branches under the sand surface 8 will sprout roots from the layering planting position and form a new shrub. Then, the new shrubs are continuously spread outward and arranged in the same way. The layering planting location is centered on the mother plant 11, and distributed in concentric circles on the sand surface 8 with a spacing of 50-100cm between the circles. This creates a living sand barrier with a concentric wave-shaped dome structure. The sand barrier has a three-dimensional structure with multiple arched domes from the center outwards, which can effectively weaken wind force, deposit and store a large amount of shifting sand. The flexible characteristics of the branches and leaves can also effectively block and fix the shifting sand, resulting in long-term sand prevention and ecological benefits.

[0079] In this embodiment, layering propagation technology is used to make the branches of shrubs such as sand willow radiate outward to form an arched concentric wave-shaped three-dimensional spatial structure. This structure is composed of the mother plant and shrubs of different sizes sprouting from the layered branches. It expands from the center to the periphery to form a concentric wave-shaped three-dimensional multi-layered structure. This structure can effectively reduce wind speed and capture and retain shifting sand, with a strong wind-blocking and sand-fixing effect.

[0080] In this embodiment, during the propagation of *Salix psammophila* by layering, the layered branches can utilize the nutrients and water supplied by the mother plant, resulting in a high survival rate. Furthermore, since the layered branches and the mother plant are the same plant and are connected to each other through the layering, there is a complementary effect in terms of water and nutrients, resulting in low overall water consumption and strong continuous survival.

[0081] In this embodiment, the concentric wave-shaped active sand barrier effectively blocks and fixes sand while greatly reducing the amount of plants and cuttings used per unit area, reducing water loss in sandy areas, and lowering afforestation costs. It makes up for the shortcomings of large-scale afforestation and management and has a good sustainable biological management effect.

[0082] In this embodiment, utilizing the strong root sprouting ability of *Salix psammophila* branches, a concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier structure is constructed through layering propagation. The center of each living sand barrier is the mother plant shrub, from which multiple offspring shrubs expand concentrically outwards through layering. The layering itself and the branches sprouting from it collectively form the concentric wave-shaped barrier structure. This structure differs from the dotted shrub structure of ordinary ecological forests and the typical square-shaped living sand barrier. The arched, concentric wave-shaped three-dimensional spatial structure integrates the structure and function of plant and mechanical sand barriers. As the plants continue to grow and propagate, the original sand barrier pattern can be maintained and expanded outwards, achieving a near-full-coverage afforestation effect. Its windbreak, sand fixation, and ecological benefits will become increasingly significant.

[0083] For details, please refer to Figure 3 Multiple concentric wavy sand barriers are arranged in a triangular pattern to form a triangular concentric wavy sand-fixing barrier. The spacing between adjacent mother plants is 3-5m. As the plants grow, the triangularly distributed sand barriers will connect to form a whole structure with an undulating, three-dimensional sand-storing space. When flowing sand enters it, the deposition and fixation process of the sand grains will help the layering to continue to germinate, resulting in a long-lasting sand-fixing effect.

[0084] The concentric wave-shaped active sand-fixing barrier 4 can form a continuous and dense barrier, thereby effectively blocking the flow of wind and sand, reducing wind speed, and achieving significant sand-fixing benefits. It has dual functions of engineering and biological sand control, and is low in cost.

[0085] For details, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The construction method of the grid-like living sand barrier 5 includes:

[0086] First, establish mother plants arranged in a triangular pattern as described above. Then, layer each mother plant in four mutually perpendicular directions. The offspring shrubs propagated by layering continue to extend in the above four directions multiple times. As the mother plants and layerings continue to grow and expand the original sand barrier pattern, the layerings and offspring shrubs extending between adjacent mother plants will connect, eventually forming a grid-like living sand barrier 5.

[0087] All four directions are at a 45-degree angle to the prevailing wind direction, with the corners of the squares facing upwind, and the spacing between adjacent mother plants is 1-3m.

[0088] In this embodiment, instead of setting the sides of the grid parallel or perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, the corners of the grid are set facing upwind, that is, the sides of the grid form a 45-degree angle with the prevailing wind direction. This allows the airflow to first collide with the parent plant when it enters the grid sand barrier, then be diverted at a 45-degree angle, and then flow along the edge of the barrier formed by the branched plants. After colliding with the parent plant downwind, it is diverted again, thus repeating the above process. The airflow energy will be greatly weakened, and the sand-sinking effect will be strong.

[0089] In this embodiment, the division effectively fills the blank area formed by the shrub near the ground surface, which effectively compensates for the sand leakage defect caused by the inverted cone shape of the sand shrub, and can effectively block and fix the wind and sand flow.

[0090] The wind and sand protection system provided in this embodiment is composed of living sand barriers propagated by layering. The concentric wave-like structure integrates the structure and function of mechanical sand barriers and plant sand barriers. It can expand the original sand barrier pattern in all directions through layering propagation to achieve long-term wind resistance and sand fixation. The protection effect is better as time goes on.

[0091] In the sand-blocking and wind-sand protection system provided in this embodiment, the mother plants are sparsely planted with a spacing of 3-5m, which consumes less water than the dense planting of cuttings with a spacing of 1-50cm. Furthermore, the mother plants and divisions are connected as one unit through layering, and there is a complementary function of water and nutrients between them, which further reduces the overall water consumption. The layering is supplied with water by the mother plants, resulting in a high survival rate of offspring shrub propagation. It has strong resistance and environmental adaptability and can be applied to most sandy ecological environments suitable for planting sand plants such as sand willow.

[0092] In summary, this invention provides a method for wind and sand protection using active sand barriers in sandy land ecological management and sand fixation practices. It employs three protective measures: concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers, triangular-shaped concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers, and grid-shaped active sand barriers. The combination of multiple strips and area distribution creates a dense, continuous barrier that fills near-surface gaps, preventing windblown sand from penetrating directly into the area. Furthermore, both the concentric wave-shaped and grid-shaped active sand barriers are formed by plant propagation, allowing for continuous expansion of the existing sand barrier pattern. This effectively reduces sand control costs and improves sand control results, providing a feasible method for wind and sand control and ecological restoration in sandy areas.

[0093] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sand-blocking wind and sand protection system, characterized in that, It includes a first active sand barrier unit, a second active sand barrier unit, and a third active sand barrier unit arranged sequentially along the prevailing wind direction. The first active sand barrier unit, the second active sand barrier unit, and the third active sand barrier unit are all strip-shaped extending in a direction perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction and are parallel to each other. The first active sand barrier unit includes multiple concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged sequentially along a direction perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction; the second active sand barrier unit includes multiple sets of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in a dot matrix pattern on the ground; each set of concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers includes three concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers arranged in a triangular pattern on the ground; and the third active sand barrier unit includes multiple square active sand barriers, which are interconnected and arranged in a net-like pattern on the ground. The concentric wavy living sand barrier includes a first mother plant and multiple first circular shrubs. These multiple first circular shrubs are concentrically arranged with the first mother plant as the center, and are sequentially distributed along a direction away from the center. Each of these first circular shrubs is formed from branches of the same generation and / or different generations of the first mother plant. The branches are formed by layering propagation from branches of the first mother plant or previous generation branches. Each first circular shrub has an arched dome-like structure, thus giving the concentric wavy living sand barrier a wavy top surface. The multiple first circular shrubs sequentially distributed along a direction away from the center each contain a first... The first generation of divisions, the second generation of divisions, ..., the first m generation of divisions, the first generation of divisions are formed by the growth of branches of the first mother plant through layering propagation, the first second generation of divisions are formed by the growth of branches of the first generation of divisions through layering propagation, and so on, the first m generation of divisions are formed by the growth of branches of the first (m-1) generation of divisions through layering propagation, m≥2; multiple first annular shrubs distributed sequentially in a direction away from the center contain multiple first generation divisions, wherein multiple first generation divisions are formed by the growth of the same branch of the first mother plant at different parts in the length direction through layering propagation. In the third living sand barrier unit, at least two square living sand barriers with opposite corners have a second mother plant at their common vertex, and the four sides of the square living sand barrier connected to the common vertex with the second mother plant all contain shrubs formed by second-generation divisions, which are formed by the growth of branches of the second mother plant through layering propagation.

2. The sand-blocking wind and sand protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A blank band is provided between each two adjacent units in the first, second, and third active sand barrier units.

3. The sand-blocking wind and sand protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The width of the blank band is 10-30m.

4. The sand-blocking wind and sand protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the first active sand barrier unit is 5-20m; And / or, the deployment width of the second active sand barrier unit is 20-50m; And / or, the width of the third active sand barrier unit is 20-50m.

5. The active sand barrier wind and sand protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the layering propagation technique, the layering planting locations are distributed on concentric circles with the first mother plant as the center, and the distance between the circles is 50-100cm. And / or, the branches used in the layering propagation technique are healthy, disease-free, one- to two-year-old branches with a diameter of 0.5-2cm and a length of 0.5-1.5m; And / or, the spacing between adjacent first mother plants in the first active sand barrier unit is 3-5m; And / or, the spacing between adjacent first mother plants in the second active sand barrier unit is 3-5m; And / or, adjacent concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers in the first active sand barrier unit are interconnected to form an overall structure with an undulating wave-shaped three-dimensional sand storage space; And / or, adjacent concentric wave-shaped active sand barriers in the second active sand barrier unit are interconnected to form an overall structure with an undulating wave-shaped three-dimensional sand storage space; And / or, the spacing between adjacent second mother plants in the third active sand barrier unit is 1-3m.

6. The active sand barrier wind and sand protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the third living sand barrier unit, at least two square living sand barriers with opposite corners have a second mother plant at their common vertex, and the four sides of the square living sand barrier connected to the common vertex with the second mother plant are all shrubs formed by second-generation branches, second-second-generation branches, ..., second-nth-generation branches. The second-generation branches are formed by the growth of branches of the second mother plant through layering propagation, the second-second-generation branches are formed by the growth of branches of the second-generation branches through layering propagation, and so on, the second-nth-generation branches are formed by the growth of branches of the second (n-1)th-generation branches through layering propagation, where n≥2; And / or, at least two grid sand barriers with opposite corners in the third sand barrier unit have a second mother plant at their common vertex, and the four sides of the grid sand barrier connected to the common vertex with the second mother plant contain shrubs formed by second-generation divisions, which are formed by layering propagation techniques from the same branch of the second mother plant at different parts along the length direction. And / or, one apex of each square of the live sand barrier is set facing the prevailing wind direction, and the edge of each square of the live sand barrier forms a 45-degree angle with the prevailing wind direction.

7. The sand-blocking wind and sand protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second mother plants are sandy shrubs with strong sprouting ability, which are propagated by seedlings or cuttings. They are 2-3 years old, with a height of 2-3m and a crown width of 2-4m.

8. The sand-blocking wind and sand protection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first and second mother plants include any one or a combination of two of the following: sand willow and caragana.

9. A method for constructing the active sand barrier wind and sand protection system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The first active sand barrier unit, the second active sand barrier unit, and the third active sand barrier unit are set up sequentially along the prevailing wind direction; The first mother plant is planted in the first and second living sand barrier units, and the layering propagation technique is used to reproduce offspring shrubs from the first mother plant to form the concentric wave-shaped living sand barrier. A second mother plant is planted in the third living sand barrier unit, and the second mother plant is propagated by layering to produce offspring shrubs, forming the grid living sand barrier. The layering propagation technique includes: selecting branches on the corresponding mother plant, bending and fixing the branches in the soil at the layering planting location, or selecting branches on the corresponding lateral plant for layering; allowing the branches to grow, thereby sprouting roots at the layering planting location to form offspring shrubs.

10. The method for constructing the active sand barrier wind and sand protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The layering propagation technique specifically includes: After spring rains, select healthy, disease-free, one- to two-year-old branches from the mother plant, with a diameter of 0.5-2 cm and a length of 0.5-1.5 m. Bend the branches and press them into the soil at the layering planting location 10-15 cm deep, then cover and compact the sand. Cover the soil surface above the layering with stones to fix the branches in the soil and allow them to grow. This will encourage the branches to sprout roots at the layering planting location and form offspring shrubs.

11. The method for constructing the active sand barrier wind and sand protection system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The branches are layered simultaneously at multiple layering planting locations.

12. A method for wind and sand protection, characterized in that, include: An active sand barrier wind and sand protection system as described in any one of claims 1-8 is installed upwind of the protected object.

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