A method for restoring seagrass beds through ecological interfaces

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface, which belongs to the technical field of marine ecological restoration. The method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface comprises the following steps: S1. analyzing water quality, bottom sediment and biological data through remote sensing technologies such as multispectral satellites, lidar scanning and underwater sonar combined with sediment sampling, and determining the main cause of degradation based on tidal channel density, pollutant content and seed bank density indicators; S2. matching restoration combinations according to the main causes of degradation, implementing targeted restoration projects and continuously monitoring changes in survival rate and coverage, and realizing dynamic management through remote sensing, sensors and community collaboration; the beneficial effects include combining dynamic monitoring with an intelligent early warning mechanism to significantly improve ecological restoration efficiency and project sustainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface. Background Art

[0002] Although seagrass bed restoration technology has made some progress in the past decade, it is limited by technical means and management models, and the following key problems still exist, which directly restrict the efficiency and sustainability of restoration; the diagnosis technology of the main causes of degradation is backward and the misjudgment rate is high: traditional methods mainly rely on manual on-site sampling (such as bottom sampling or visual assessment), which has two major defects: limited coverage: manual sampling can only cover 10% to 20% of the target area, making it difficult to capture the dynamic changes of pollution diffusion or bottom erosion; single data dimension: the failure to integrate multispectral remote sensing and three-dimensional terrain data results in a main cause classification error rate of >25%; rigid restoration plans, and uncontrollable survival rates and costs: existing restoration technologies mostly adopt a "one-size-fits-all" model; lack of dynamic monitoring and emergency response mechanisms: existing technologies lack real-time data-driven closed-loop management, which manifests as delayed disaster response and insufficient predictive capabilities; community governance is disconnected, long-term incentive mechanisms are absent, and traditional management models have significant shortcomings, low participation, and opaque benefit distribution.

[0003] This invention achieves "precision, efficiency, and sustainability" of seagrass bed restoration by deeply coupling multi-source remote sensing data with on-site detection, accurately diagnosing the main causes of degradation, matching modular restoration combinations, and combining dynamic monitoring with intelligent early warning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a seagrass bed restoration method based on multi-source data fusion and modular ecological engineering. By accurately identifying the dominant factors of degradation (physical damage, pollution, and seed source loss) and matching optimized restoration strategies, combined with dynamic monitoring and intelligent early warning mechanisms, it significantly improves ecological restoration efficiency and engineering sustainability.

[0005] Technical solution: A method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Use multispectral satellite imagery, drone lidar, and underwater sonar scanning remote sensing technology, combined with on-site sediment sampling, to obtain water quality parameters, bottom stability, and biological community data in the target area. The following coupled analysis is then used to determine the dominant factor in degradation: 2 And the bottom compaction degree is greater than 1.5g / cm 3 If the arsenic content in the sediment is greater than 15 mg / kg or the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is greater than 40 mg / L, and the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community is greater than 60%, then the pollution-dominated type is confirmed; when the seed bank density is less than 5 grains / m2 When the soil salinity is greater than 25‰, it is determined to be a provenance loss-dominated type; if multiple conditions are met simultaneously, the contribution of each factor to biomass loss is calculated, and the category with a contribution greater than 50% is selected as the main cause; based on the data, the dominant factor of degradation is identified, and the dominant factor of degradation includes at least one of physical damage, pollution, or provenance loss;

[0007] S2. Based on the dominant degradation factors identified in S1, a test area is delineated within the target area and matched with at least two restoration combinations, wherein the restoration combination is selected from a combination of artificial transplantation of seaweed seedlings, seed sowing, bottom soil improvement, community management or ecological engineering protection, wherein: for areas dominated by physical damage, the method of artificial transplantation of seaweed seedlings and ecological engineering protection is adopted; for areas dominated by pollution, the method of bottom soil improvement and ecological engineering protection is adopted; for areas with seed source deficiency, the method of seed sowing, community management and ecological engineering protection is adopted; and simultaneously, the ecological restoration efficiency of each combination is continuously monitored, and the ecological restoration efficiency includes the survival rate and coverage growth rate.

[0008] Preferably, the S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0009] S1-1. Quantification of physical damage intensity: LiDAR scanning is used to obtain millimeter-scale bottom topography data. Areas with a shear strength below 12 kPa and a monthly average erosion modulus exceeding 200 g / m2 / day are identified as physical degradation caused by tidal scour or ship anchoring. Areas with jagged edges and an extension angle less than 30 degrees with the main current are designated as priority areas for physical restoration.

[0010] S1-2. Accurately trace pollution types: Combining satellite multispectral data with on-site rapid testing results, areas with chlorophyll a concentration consistently above 2.5 mg / m³ and a colored dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient below 0.8 / m³ are identified as agricultural non-point source eutrophication. Areas with arsenic levels consistently above 15 mg / kg and a polychaete or crustacean ratio greater than three are identified as industrial heavy metal pollution hotspots.

[0011] S1-3. Quantitative diagnosis of provenance loss: Seed bank density testing: Using a columnar sampler to obtain sediment samples from the top 20 cm, a seed density below five seeds per square meter is considered insufficient for natural propagule reserves. Asexual reproduction capacity testing: 20 cm rhizomes are cut and cultured. If the number of new tillers is less than three per month, clonal expansion capacity is considered to be declining. Reproductive allocation ratio analysis: Dissecting mature plants: If the proportion of reproductive branches is less than 15%, it is considered insufficient for sexual reproduction.

[0012] S1-4. Joint inspection of sediment structure: Combined analysis of sediment particle size and organic matter data: When the median particle size is greater than 0.25 mm and the organic matter content is less than 5%, it is determined to be physical coarsening and degradation; when the median particle size is less than 0.1 mm and the organic matter content is greater than 8%, it is confirmed to be chemical degradation caused by fine particle adsorption of pollutants.

[0013] S1-5. Monitoring of changes in ecological functions: Data on benthic animal abundance and seagrass coverage are obtained through box sampling. When the benthic animal abundance is less than 200 individuals per square meter and the annual decline in seagrass coverage exceeds 15%, an ecosystem-level degradation alarm is triggered. Based on sediment samples collected simultaneously with box sampling, the seed germination rate is tested. For areas where the seed germination rate is continuously below 40%, mandatory instructions for artificial seed replenishment are generated.

[0014] Preferably, the step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S2-1. Restoration in Areas of Physical Damage: Implement seagrass transplantation and three-dimensional protection in areas of physical degradation caused by tidal scouring or ship anchorage. Select healthy eelgrass plants with intact rhizomes and plant them vertically at standard spacing using specialized transplanting tools to ensure the roots carry native substrate. Simultaneously, arrays of antiseptic bamboo piles will be deployed along the main flow path, combined with natural stone to construct wave-breaking structures to significantly reduce the impact of currents. Periodic survival checks will be conducted after transplantation, assessing transplant success by evaluating the number of tillering leaves and root stability to ensure high initial survival rates. Satellite remote sensing technology will be used to analyze vegetation indices quarterly to monitor the progress of seagrass cover recovery.

[0016] S2-2. Restoration Implementation in Polluted Areas: In areas of ecological degradation caused by industrial and agricultural pollution, implement bottom sediment improvement and bioremediation projects. Lay a sandy mixed layer with a specific ratio to absorb heavy metal pollutants, while simultaneously increasing the number of filter-feeding shellfish to create a biofiltration barrier. Deploy floating beds of submerged plants in eutrophic waters to effectively absorb excess nutrients. Electronically tag key restoration plants, regularly scan and record their growth and development to verify their adaptability to pollution-stressed environments. Use drones equipped with multispectral sensors to continuously track the progress of vegetation health improvements in restoration areas.

[0017] S2-3. Restoration and implementation in seed-deficient areas: Targeted seed reseeding and community-coordinated management will be implemented in areas with severe propagule shortages. Advanced seeding equipment will be used to sow high-viability seeds coated with coatings, with seeding density increased in key areas. Biobuffers will be deployed along coastal zones to mitigate wave erosion and protect the environment for new seedlings to establish. A localized patrol mechanism will be established, with fishermen participating in daily supervision and providing real-time feedback on abnormalities via mobile devices. Standard plots will be set up to regularly collect data on seed germination and plant growth, and 3D point cloud scanning technology will be used to quantify the expansion of seagrass communities.

[0018] S2-4. Monitoring system: Construct a multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring network, deploy hydrological sensing equipment in the physical restoration area to continuously collect water flow parameters, deploy smart buoys in the polluted area to track water quality changes in real time, and establish electronic fences in the seed source area to prevent human interference; develop a data fusion analysis model to reveal the intrinsic relationship between survival rate and project cost, and analyze the impact of environmental factors on cover restoration; establish a graded early warning response mechanism to automatically trigger supplementary restoration measures when core indicators deviate from the expected threshold; and cross-validate the ecological restoration effects through a combination of satellite remote sensing technology, drone multispectral monitoring, ground sample verification, and sensor data collection to ensure the scientific nature and reliability of the evaluation results.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) Multi-dimensional data fusion and precise diagnosis: Integrating satellite, drone, sonar, and on-site detection data to build a model for determining the dominant factors of degradation, improving recognition accuracy to over 90%, and avoiding resource waste caused by misjudgment;

[0021] (2) The modular restoration strategy is highly adaptable: Differentiated restoration combinations are designed for the three main causes of physical damage, pollution, and provenance loss, with the survival rate increased to 85% and the coverage growth rate reaching 8% per year;

[0022] (3) Dynamic monitoring and intelligent response system: Real-time collection of hydrological, vegetation and human interference data, construction of a comprehensive health index (CHI) to trigger graded warnings, and shorten the response time to 24 hours. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Use multispectral satellite imagery, drone lidar, and underwater sonar scanning remote sensing technology, combined with on-site sediment sampling, to obtain water quality parameters, bottom stability, and biological community data in the target area. The following coupled analysis is then used to determine the dominant factor in degradation: 2 And the bottom compaction degree is greater than 1.5g / cm 3 If the arsenic content in the sediment is greater than 15 mg / kg or the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is greater than 40 mg / L, and the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community is greater than 60%, then the pollution-dominated type is confirmed; when the seed bank density is less than 5 grains / m 2When the soil salinity is greater than 25‰, it is determined to be a provenance loss-dominated type; if multiple conditions are met simultaneously, the contribution of each factor to biomass loss is calculated, and the category with a contribution greater than 50% is selected as the main cause; based on the data, the dominant factor of degradation is identified, and the dominant factor of degradation includes at least one of physical damage, pollution, or provenance loss;

[0026] S2. Based on the dominant degradation factors identified in S1, pilot areas are designated within the target area and matched with at least two restoration combinations selected from a combination of artificial seagrass seedling transplantation, seed broadcasting, bottom soil improvement, community-based management, or ecological engineering protection. Specifically, for areas dominated by physical damage, artificial seagrass seedling transplantation and ecological engineering protection are used; for areas dominated by pollution, bottom soil improvement and ecological engineering protection are used; and for areas lacking provenance, seed broadcasting, community-based management, and ecological engineering protection are used. Simultaneously, the ecological restoration efficiency of each combination is continuously monitored, including the survival rate and coverage growth rate.

[0027] The S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0028] S1-1. Quantification of physical damage intensity: LiDAR scanning is used to obtain millimeter-scale bottom topography data. Areas with a shear strength below 12 kPa and a monthly average erosion modulus exceeding 200 g / m2 / day are identified as physical degradation caused by tidal scour or ship anchoring. Areas with jagged edges and an extension angle less than 30 degrees from the main flow are marked as priority physical repair areas. The following also includes the following:

[0029] Clarify equipment parameters and specific algorithms for determining physical damage, and add technical details to improve the objectivity of the analysis:

[0030] S1-1-1. LiDAR scanning parameters: RIEGL VZ-400i LiDAR was used, with a scanning resolution of 5 mm, a scanning frequency of 200 kHz, and a vertical accuracy of ±3 mm. After generating a 3D point cloud model of the bottom, micro-topographic units (unit area ≤ 1 m2) with a shear strength below 12 kPa were extracted using MeshLab software. 2 ); Erosion modulus calculation: Calculate the monthly average erosion based on point cloud data using the formula:

[0031]

[0032] Where Δh i is the erosion thickness of the i-th unit (m), ρ is the bottom density (g / cm 3 ), A is the area (m 2 ), T is the number of monitoring days (days);

[0033] S1-1-2. Priority repair area marking rules: The jagged edge of the patch is determined by using an edge detection algorithm (Canny operator) to extract the boundary. The angle between the extension direction and the main flow direction is calculated. If the mean angle is less than 30° and the standard deviation is less than 5°, the patch is marked as a priority physical repair area.

[0034] S1-2. Accurately trace pollution types: Combining satellite multispectral data with on-site rapid testing results, areas with chlorophyll a concentration consistently above 2.5 mg / m³ and a colored dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient below 0.8 / m³ are identified as agricultural non-point source eutrophication. Areas with arsenic levels consistently above 15 mg / kg and a polychaete or crustacean ratio greater than three are identified as industrial heavy metal pollution hotspots. The following also applies:

[0035] Explain the data fusion method and pollution source tracing model, and supplement the algorithm logic and verification standards:

[0036] S1-2-1. Data Fusion Method: Satellite multispectral data (Sentinel-2MSI) and field test results (HACH DR900 portable water quality analyzer) were spatially registered (error ≤ 10m) and then fed into a random forest model. Features included band reflectance (B2-B8), chlorophyll a concentration, and COD value, and the output was the probability of pollution type (agricultural non-point source / industrial pollution). For source verification, sediment profile samples (depth 0-50cm) were collected from hotspots identified as industrial heavy metal pollution and tested for arsenic, lead, and cadmium content using ICP-MS. A vertical distribution concentration gradient of >20% was required to confirm the pollution source.

[0037] S1-2-2. Eutrophication criteria: When the chlorophyll a concentration is greater than 2.5 mg / m 3 When the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (N:P) is further calculated, if N:P>16 and the proportion of cyanobacteria>60%, it is determined to be phosphorus-limited agricultural non-point source pollution;

[0038] S1-3. Quantitative diagnosis of provenance loss: Seed bank density testing: Using a columnar sampler to obtain sediment samples from the top 20 cm, a seed density below five seeds per square meter indicates insufficient natural reproductive stock. Asexual reproduction capacity testing: 20 cm rhizomes are cut and cultured. If the number of new tillers is less than three per month, clonal expansion capacity is confirmed to be declining. Reproductive allocation ratio analysis: Dissecting mature plants: If the proportion of reproductive branches is less than 15%, it is determined that sexual reproduction investment is insufficient. This also includes the following:

[0039] Sampling equipment specifications and specific operating procedures for asexual reproduction capacity testing, standardizing experimental conditions:

[0040] S1-3-1. Seed bank density testing specifications: Use an Eijkelkamp column sampler (10 cm inner diameter, 30 cm length) to collect sediment samples from the top 20 cm of the surface using a 10 m × 10 m grid. After sieving the sample (pore size 2 mm), count the number of intact seeds, repeating three times and taking the average. For asexual reproduction capacity testing, cut eelgrass rhizomes (20 cm long, with two internodes) and place them in a constant temperature incubator (25°C, 2000 lx light intensity, 12-h photoperiod). Measure the number of newly formed tillers monthly. If the number of tillers is less than 3 for three consecutive months, it is considered to indicate a decline in clonal expansion capacity.

[0041] S1-3-2. Reproductive allocation ratio analysis: Dissect mature plants (plant height > 30 cm), separate the vegetative branches and reproductive branches, dry and weigh them, and then calculate the reproductive allocation ratio:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, W repro : reproductive branch weight; W total : total dry weight of plant; R repro : reproductive allocation ratio; if R repro <15%, it is judged as insufficient investment in sexual reproduction;

[0044] S1-4. Joint inspection of sediment structure: Combined analysis of sediment particle size and organic matter data: When the median particle size is greater than 0.25 mm and the organic matter content is less than 5%, it is determined to be physical coarsening and degradation; when the median particle size is less than 0.1 mm and the organic matter content is greater than 8%, it is confirmed to be chemical degradation caused by fine particle adsorption of pollutants. It also includes the following:

[0045] Clarify particle size analysis standards and organic matter detection methods:

[0046] S1-4-1. Particle size analysis standard: A laser particle size analyzer (Malvern Mastersizer 3000) was used with a measurement range of 0.01-3500 μm. The median particle size (D50) was obtained by repeating the measurement three times. Organic matter was determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation method with a digestion temperature of 170°C for 5 minutes and a titration error of ≤0.1 mL.

[0047] S1-4-2. Degradation type determination: Physical coarsening degradation: D50 > 0.25 mm and organic matter < 5%; Chemical degradation: D50 < 0.1 mm, organic matter > 8% and heavy metal adsorption (by BCR continuous extraction method) > 2 times the background value;

[0048] S1-5. Monitoring of ecological function variation: Obtain data on the abundance of benthic animals and seagrass coverage through box sampling. When the abundance of benthic animals is less than 200 per square meter and the annual decline rate of seagrass coverage exceeds 15%, trigger an ecosystem-level degradation alarm. Based on the sediment samples collected synchronously by box sampling, detect the seed germination rate. For areas where the seed germination rate continuously remains below 40%, generate a mandatory order for artificial replenishment of seed sources;

[0049] The specific steps of S2 are as follows:

[0050] S2-1. Implementation of restoration in the physically damaged dominant area: For physically degraded areas caused by tidal scouring or ship anchoring, implement seagrass transplantation and three-dimensional protection projects; Select healthy eelgrass plants with intact rhizomes, and use special transplantation tools to vertically plant them at standard plant spacing, ensuring that the roots carry the native substrate; Synchronously arrange an array of anti-corrosion bamboo piles on the side of the main flow direction, and build a wave-dissipating structure in combination with natural stones to significantly reduce the intensity of water flow impact; After transplantation, conduct periodic survival status verification, and evaluate the transplantation effect through the number of tillering leaves and the stability of the roots to ensure that the initial survival rate meets high-standard requirements; Use satellite remote sensing technology to quarterly analyze the change of vegetation index and monitor the restoration progress of seagrass coverage area. At the same time, it also includes the following content:

[0051] S2-1-1. Operation specifications for seagrass transplantation: Design of special transplantation tools, use a stainless steel transplantor with a circular cutting edge (diameter 15 cm, height 25 cm), and vertically insert it into the substrate through hydraulic drive, ensuring that the cutting depth is 30 cm, and completely extract the native substrate block containing rhizomes (volume ≥ 0.1 m 3 ); Planting standard, eelgrass plants are planted in a "pin" shape layout, with a plant spacing of 20 cm and a row spacing of 30 cm; When transplanting, keep the contact surface between the rhizome and the substrate moist, and use a biodegradable grid to fix the roots to prevent displacement after transplantation;

[0052] S2-1-2. Implementation of three-dimensional protection project: Arrangement of anti-corrosion bamboo pile array, select bamboo piles with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 2 m, and soak them in tung oil for anti-corrosion treatment; Arrange them in a staggered pattern at an interval of 1 m along the upstream side of the main flow direction, bury them 0.8 m deep into the substrate, and expose 0.2 m above the water surface to slow down the water flow impact; Construction of a natural stone wave-dissipating structure, select basalt blocks with a diameter of 30-50 cm, stack them according to the principle of "sparse in the front and dense in the back" (the spacing between the bottom layer of stones is 50 cm, and the spacing between the top layer is 30 cm) to form a trapezoidal cross-section wave-dissipating belt with a height of 0.5 m; Fill the space between the stones with oyster shells (particle size 5-10 cm) to enhance the structural stability;

[0053] S2-1-3. Survival Rate Monitoring and Assessment: Initial verification: Sampling and inspection are conducted on the 7th and 30th days after transplanting. The root system stability index (RSI) must be ≥ 80% (RSI = number of stable plants / total number of transplanted plants × 100%), and the number of tillering leaves must be ≥ 3 per plant. Remote sensing monitoring uses the NDVI index extracted from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Quarterly analysis of the growth rate of the covered area is conducted, with an annual average growth rate of ≥ 8%.

[0054] S2-2. Restoration Implementation in Polluted Areas: For areas of ecological degradation caused by industrial and agricultural pollution, implement bottom sediment improvement and bio-purification projects. Lay a sandy mixed layer with a specific ratio to absorb heavy metal pollutants, while simultaneously increasing the number of filter-feeding shellfish to create a biofiltration barrier. Deploy floating beds of submerged plants in eutrophic waters to effectively absorb excess nutrients. Electronically tag key restoration plants, regularly scan and record their growth and development to verify their adaptability to pollution-stressed environments. Use drones equipped with multispectral sensors to continuously track the progress of vegetation health improvements in restoration areas. This also includes the following:

[0055] S2-2-1. Material ratio and construction of subsoil improvement: Sandy mixed layer paving, according to quartz sand (particle size 0.5-1mm): modified bentonite (adsorption capacity ≥ 200mg / g): biochar (specific surface area ≥ 500m 2 / g)=6:3:1 mass ratio, paving thickness 10cm, covering density 2.5 tons / 100m 2 After laying, let it stand for 48 hours, and then compact it to a porosity of ≤35% after adsorption equilibrium; heavy metal passivation treatment, in the arsenic contaminated area, additionally spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (dosage 5L / m 2 ), promoting the conversion of arsenic into stable iron-manganese oxides;

[0056] S2-2-2. Construction of biological purification system: Selection and layout of filter-feeding shellfish, using green mussels (Pernaviridis), shell length 5-8cm, at a density of 50 / m 2 Evenly distributed; the shellfish attachment base is made of PE rope net (mesh diameter 10cm), which is vertically hung in the middle layer of the water body (water depth 1-2m) in the restoration area; submerged plant floating beds are configured, and Vallisnerianatans is planted at 20 plants / m 2 Planting on floating beds (PVC pipe frame, 15cm x 15cm aperture); the floating beds are spaced 2m apart and arranged parallel to the water flow, with a coverage area ≥ 30% of the total restoration area;

[0057] S2-2-3. Verification of pollution remediation effect: Electronic tagging management, implant RFID tags (frequency 13.56 MHz) on the restored plants, scan and record the plant height, leaf number and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) monthly, and require that the decline of SPAD value under pollution stress ≤ 15%; Drone monitoring, equipped with a hyperspectral camera (band range 400-1000 nm), collect vegetation red-edge parameters (such as NDVI705) monthly, and invert the vegetation stress index (VSI), and require that VSI ≤ 0.3 after 6 months of restoration;

[0058] S2-3. Implementation of restoration in the seed source missing area: For areas with severely insufficient propagules, implement the project of precise seed sowing and community collaborative management; Use an advanced sowing device to spread highly viable seeds treated with coating, and increase the sowing density in key areas; Set up biological buffer facilities along the shore to weaken wave erosion and protect the colonization environment of new seedlings; Establish a localized patrol mechanism, organize fishermen to participate in daily supervision, and real-time feedback of abnormal situations through mobile terminals; Set up standard quadrats to regularly count seed germination and plant growth data, and quantify the expansion trend of seagrass communities in combination with three-dimensional point cloud scanning technology. It also includes the following content:

[0059] S2-3-1. Technical specifications for precise seed sowing: Sowing device design, use a pneumatic precision seeder, nozzle diameter 5 mm, injection pressure 0.3 MPa, sowing depth 5-8 cm; The device is built-in with a GPS positioning module, and automatically sows according to the preset grid coordinates (1 m × 1 m), and the single sowing density is 15-20 seeds / m 2 ; Seed coating treatment process, the seed coating components are chitosan (concentration 2%), gibberellin (50 ppm) and nano-zinc oxide (0.1%), and the coating thickness is 200-300 μm; After treatment, the seeds need to be dried in an incubator at 25°C for 24 hours to ensure that the coating integrity ≥ 95%;

[0060] S2-3-2. Construction of biological buffer facilities: Shore wave dissipation structure, use coir woven bags (size 50 cm × 30 cm) filled with coral debris (particle size 2-5 cm), stacked in a "pin" shape (layer height 0.5 m, horizontal spacing 0.8 m) to form a continuous buffer zone; Plant salt-tolerant herbaceous plants (such as Suaeda glauca) on the top, density 10 plants / m 2 , to enhance the anti-erosion ability; Wave erosion protection: Install HDPE anti-wave nets (mesh diameter 10 cm, tensile strength ≥ 50 kN / m) outside the buffer zone, the net body anchoring depth is 1 m, the spacing is 2 m, and it is installed at an angle of 45° to the main flow direction, effectively weakening the wave energy by more than 30%;

[0061] S2-3-3. Community Collaborative Management Mechanism: Patrol process: Fishermen will conduct two patrols daily, using customized mobile terminals (waterproof and shockproof design) to capture and upload images of the restoration area to the cloud platform. If seedlings fall, the bottom is exposed, or they are damaged by human activities, the location must be marked within 1 hour and an alert will be triggered. Data collection standards: Use a 3D laser scanner (accuracy ±1cm) to obtain point cloud data of the restoration area every month and calculate the expansion rate of the seagrass community (required to be ≥0.2m 2 / month); at the same time, the seed germination rate is calculated, and the germination rate of coated seeds is required to be ≥65%;

[0062] S2-4. Monitoring System: Build a multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring network. Deploy hydrological sensors in physical restoration areas to continuously collect water flow parameters. Position smart buoys in polluted areas to track water quality changes in real time. Establish electronic fences in seed provenance areas to prevent human interference. Develop data fusion analysis models to reveal the inherent relationship between survival rates and project costs and analyze the impact of environmental factors on cover restoration. Establish a tiered early warning response mechanism to automatically trigger supplemental restoration measures when core indicators deviate from expected thresholds. Cross-validate ecological restoration results through a combination of satellite remote sensing technology, drone multispectral monitoring, ground sample verification, and sensor data collection to ensure the scientific and reliable nature of the assessment results. This also includes the following:

[0063] S2-4-1. Monitoring equipment deployment standards: Hydrological sensing equipment uses multi-parameter water quality sensors (measurement range: flow rate 0-2m / s, turbidity 0-1000NTU), arranged in a 50m×50m grid, buried at a depth of 0.3m; data collection frequency is once per hour, transmitted to the data center via LoRa wireless; smart buoy configuration, buoys equipped with pH, ​​dissolved oxygen and COD sensors, with a deployment density of 1 per 200m 2 Powered by solar energy, the system transmits data in real time and automatically generates a heat map of water quality changes. Abnormal values ​​(such as a sudden change in COD > 5mg / L) trigger an audible and visual alarm. The electronic fence system consists of infrared sensors and cameras with a sensing range of 10m, covering the boundaries of the restoration area. When an intrusion is detected, an SMS alarm is automatically sent to the management platform and a voice warning broadcast is initiated.

[0064] S2-4-2. Data fusion and early warning mechanism: When integrating multi-source data, seagrass coverage, water quality indicators and equipment status data are weighted, with seagrass coverage accounting for 40%, water quality indicators accounting for 35%, and equipment status accounting for 25%. After weighted calculation, a comprehensive health index (CHI) of 0-100 is output, where a higher CHI value indicates a stronger ecosystem stability. The threshold is set to trigger a yellow alert when CHI is less than 70, and a red alert when CHI is less than 50. Response measures: manual review is initiated in the event of a yellow alert (completed within 24 hours); in the event of a red alert, unmanned boats are automatically dispatched for emergency reseeding or bottom improvement, and emergency control instructions are simultaneously pushed to the community.

[0065] Experimental verification

[0066] 1. Experimental Purpose

[0067] This experiment aims to verify the actual effect of the method of restoring seagrass fields through ecological interfaces, compare the differences between the method of the present invention and traditional restoration methods and natural recovery, and provide empirical basis for the technical effects mentioned in the claims. Specific verification indicators include seagrass transplant survival rate, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate in contaminated areas, seed germination rate in source areas, and seagrass coverage growth rate, etc., and examine the stability and repeatability of this method in the long-term restoration process.

[0068] 2. Experimental Design

[0069] 1. Sample settings:

[0070] 1-1. Experimental Area Selection: Three sea areas with typical degradation characteristics were selected as experimental areas: a physical damage-dominated area, a pollution-dominated area, and a provenance-deficient area;

[0071] 1-2. Sample setting: Set up 10 samples with an area of ​​50m in each experimental area. 2 The samples were randomly distributed with a distance of no less than 10m between each other to ensure the independence and representativeness of the samples. At the same time, each sample was numbered and geographically located in detail to facilitate subsequent data collection and analysis.

[0072] 1-3. Control group setting:

[0073] Traditional restoration method group: In each experimental area, an area with similar environmental conditions to the experimental group samples was selected and restored using traditional seagrass restoration methods, such as simple seagrass transplantation or simple bottom improvement. The materials and operating procedures used in traditional methods followed the local industry standards.

[0074] Natural recovery group: In each experimental area, an area without any restoration intervention was selected as the natural recovery group to compare the effect difference between the method of the present invention and natural recovery.

[0075] 2. Monitoring indicators:

[0076] 2-1. Seagrass transplant survival rate: Count the number of surviving seagrasses after transplantation and calculate the survival rate to assess the impact of restoration methods on seagrass survival;

[0077] 2-2. COD removal rate in polluted areas: COD removal rates are calculated by regularly testing the COD content in sediments and water bodies in polluted areas to measure the effectiveness of sediment improvement and biological purification.

[0078] 2-3. Seed germination rate in provenance area: Count the number of germinations of coated and uncoated seeds in the provenance area, calculate the seed germination rate, and evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatment and sowing methods;

[0079] 2-4. Seagrass coverage growth rate: Using satellite remote sensing technology combined with field measurements, we regularly monitor seagrass coverage and calculate the seagrass coverage growth rate to reflect the ecological restoration efficiency of seagrass meadows.

[0080] 3. Data sources:

[0081] 3-1. Monitoring cycle design:

[0082] Seagrass transplant survival rate: Monitoring was conducted on the 7th, 30th, 90th, 180th and 365th days after transplantation to examine the survival of seagrass at different growth stages;

[0083] COD removal rate in polluted areas: Tests will be conducted quarterly for two years to assess the long-term effects of pollution control.

[0084] Seed germination rate in the provenance area: statistics were collected on the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th days after sowing to observe the dynamic process of seed germination;

[0085] Seagrass cover growth rate: Semi-annual satellite remote sensing monitoring combined with annual field measurements for three years will provide a comprehensive understanding of the long-term expansion of seagrass communities;

[0086] 3-2. Detection method design:

[0087] The number of surviving seagrasses is counted using a field counting method, performed by professional marine ecological surveyors to ensure the accuracy of the counts.

[0088] The COD content was tested using the potassium dichromate method, and the absorbance was measured using a Hach DR6000 spectrophotometer, a high-precision instrument commonly used in the field of marine environmental testing.

[0089] Seed germination was checked by regular observation and counting, using random sampling of seeds within the sample plots;

[0090] The seagrass coverage area was analyzed using satellite remote sensing images combined with ArcGIS software, and field measurements were conducted using sampling methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0091] 3-3. Statistical tools: SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis on the experimental data. The t-test was used to compare the differences between the method of the present invention, the traditional method, and the natural recovery group, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. At the same time, analysis of variance and other methods were used to examine the differences between different time points and different experimental areas.

[0092] 4. Integration with the solution of Example 1: This experimental verification strictly follows the technical solution recorded in Example 1, achieving seamless integration in terms of key technical parameters, operating procedures, and equipment and materials.

[0093] 3. Verification Results

[0094] 1. Survival rate of seagrass transplants (Table 1)

[0095]

[0096] As can be seen from Table 1, in the experimental area dominated by physical damage, the seagrass survival rate of the method of the present invention was significantly higher than that of the traditional method group and the natural recovery group at all time points after transplantation; 365 days after transplantation, the seagrass survival rate of the group of the present invention remained at 82.0±4.5%, while that of the traditional method group was only 55.0±6.0%, and that of the natural recovery group was only 20.0±8.0%, with the difference being statistically significant (p<0.01); this indicates that the restoration method of the present invention can effectively improve the transplant survival rate of seagrass in a physically damaged environment and has good long-term stability.

[0097] 2. COD removal rate in polluted area (Table 2)

[0098]

[0099] As shown in Table 2, in the experimental area dominated by pollution, the COD removal effect of the method of the present invention is significantly better than that of the traditional method group and the natural recovery group. After two years of monitoring, the COD removal rate of the group of the present invention reached 42.0%, while that of the traditional method group was only 20.0%, and that of the natural recovery group was only 7.0%, with significant differences (p < 0.01). As time goes by, the COD removal rate of the method of the present invention continues to increase, showing a good long-term treatment effect.

[0100] 3. COD removal rate in polluted area (Table 3)

[0101]

[0102] As can be seen from Table 3, in the experimental area dominated by provenance deficiency, the coating seed treatment method adopted by the present invention significantly improved the seed germination rate; 90 days after sowing, the germination rate of the coated seeds in the group of the present invention reached 70.0%, which was significantly higher than that of the uncoated seeds (50.0%), the traditional method group (40.0%) and the natural recovery group (25.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01); and during the entire monitoring period, the germination rate of the coated seeds continued to increase, indicating that the seed coating treatment has a good effect in promoting seed germination.

[0103] 4. COD removal rate in polluted area (Table 4)

[0104]

[0105] As shown in Table 4, during the entire monitoring period, the seagrass coverage growth rate using the method of the present invention was significantly higher than that of the traditional method group and the natural recovery group. After three years, the seagrass coverage growth rate in the group using the present invention reached 10.5%, while that in the traditional method group was only 4.0%, and that in the natural recovery group was only 2.5%, with significant differences (p < 0.01). This fully demonstrates that the restoration method of the present invention can effectively promote the long-term expansion of seagrass communities, increase seagrass coverage, and accelerate the ecological recovery of seagrass meadows.

[0106] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for restoring seagrass beds through ecological interfaces, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Use multispectral satellite imagery, drone lidar, and underwater sonar scanning remote sensing technology, combined with on-site sediment sampling, to obtain water quality parameters, bottom stability, and biological community data in the target area. The following coupled analysis is then used to determine the dominant factor in degradation: 2 And the bottom compaction degree is greater than 1.5g / cm 3 If the arsenic content in the sediment is greater than 15 mg / kg or the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is greater than 40 mg / L, and the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community is greater than 60%, then the pollution-dominated type is confirmed; when the seed bank density is less than 5 grains / m 2 When the soil salinity is greater than 25‰, it is determined to be a provenance loss-dominated type; if multiple conditions are met simultaneously, the contribution of each factor to biomass loss is calculated, and the category with a contribution greater than 50% is selected as the main cause; based on the data, the dominant factor of degradation is identified, and the dominant factor of degradation includes at least one of physical damage, pollution, or provenance loss; S2. Based on the dominant degradation factors identified in S1, a test area is delineated within the target area and matched with at least two restoration combinations, wherein the restoration combination is selected from a combination of artificial transplantation of seaweed seedlings, seed sowing, bottom soil improvement, community management or ecological engineering protection, wherein: for areas dominated by physical damage, the method of artificial transplantation of seaweed seedlings and ecological engineering protection is adopted; for areas dominated by pollution, the method of bottom soil improvement and ecological engineering protection is adopted; for areas with seed source deficiency, the method of seed sowing, community management and ecological engineering protection is adopted; and simultaneously, the ecological restoration efficiency of each combination is continuously monitored, and the ecological restoration efficiency includes the survival rate and coverage growth rate.

2. The method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes the following steps: S1-1. Quantification of physical damage intensity: LiDAR scanning is used to obtain millimeter-scale bottom topography data. Areas with a shear strength below 12 kPa and a monthly average erosion modulus exceeding 200 g / m2 / day are identified as physical degradation caused by tidal scour or ship anchoring. Areas with jagged edges and an extension angle less than 30 degrees with the main current are designated as priority areas for physical restoration. S1-2. Accurately trace pollution types: Combining satellite multispectral data with on-site rapid testing results, areas with chlorophyll a concentration consistently above 2.5 mg / m³ and a colored dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient below 0.8 / m³ are identified as agricultural non-point source eutrophication. Areas with arsenic levels consistently above 15 mg / kg and a polychaete or crustacean ratio greater than three are identified as industrial heavy metal pollution hotspots. S1-3. Quantitative diagnosis of provenance loss: Seed bank density testing: Using a columnar sampler to obtain sediment samples from the top 20 cm, a seed density below five seeds per square meter is considered insufficient for natural propagule reserves. Asexual reproduction capacity testing: 20 cm rhizomes are cut and cultured. If the number of new tillers is less than three per month, clonal expansion capacity is considered to be declining. Reproductive allocation ratio analysis: Dissecting mature plants: If the proportion of reproductive branches is less than 15%, it is considered insufficient for sexual reproduction. S1-4. Joint inspection of sediment structure: Combined analysis of sediment particle size and organic matter data: When the median particle size is greater than 0.25 mm and the organic matter content is less than 5%, it is determined to be physical coarsening and degradation; when the median particle size is less than 0.1 mm and the organic matter content is greater than 8%, it is confirmed to be chemical degradation caused by fine particle adsorption of pollutants. S1-5. Monitoring of changes in ecological functions: Data on benthic animal abundance and seagrass coverage are obtained through box sampling. When the benthic animal abundance is less than 200 individuals per square meter and the annual decline in seagrass coverage exceeds 15%, an ecosystem-level degradation alarm is triggered. Based on sediment samples collected simultaneously with box sampling, the seed germination rate is tested. For areas where the seed germination rate is continuously below 40%, mandatory instructions for artificial seed replenishment are generated.

3. The method for restoring seagrass beds through an ecological interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes the following steps: S2-1. Restoration in Areas of Physical Damage: Implement seagrass transplantation and three-dimensional protection in areas of physical degradation caused by tidal scouring or ship anchorage. Select healthy eelgrass plants with intact rhizomes and plant them vertically at standard spacing using specialized transplanting tools to ensure the roots carry native substrate. Simultaneously, arrays of antiseptic bamboo piles will be deployed along the main flow path, combined with natural stone to construct wave-breaking structures to significantly reduce the impact of currents. Periodic survival checks will be conducted after transplantation, assessing transplant success by evaluating the number of tillering leaves and root stability to ensure high initial survival rates. Satellite remote sensing technology will be used to analyze vegetation indices quarterly to monitor the progress of seagrass cover recovery. S2-2. Restoration Implementation in Polluted Areas: In areas of ecological degradation caused by industrial and agricultural pollution, implement bottom sediment improvement and bioremediation projects. Lay a sandy mixed layer with a specific ratio to absorb heavy metal pollutants, while simultaneously increasing the number of filter-feeding shellfish to create a biofiltration barrier. Deploy floating beds of submerged plants in eutrophic waters to effectively absorb excess nutrients. Electronically tag key restoration plants, regularly scan and record their growth and development to verify their adaptability to pollution-stressed environments. Use drones equipped with multispectral sensors to continuously track the progress of vegetation health improvements in restoration areas. S2-3. Restoration and implementation in seed-deficient areas: Targeted seed reseeding and community-coordinated management will be implemented in areas with severe propagule shortages. Advanced seeding equipment will be used to sow high-viability seeds coated with coatings, with seeding density increased in key areas. Biobuffers will be deployed along coastal zones to mitigate wave erosion and protect the environment for new seedlings to establish. A localized patrol mechanism will be established, with fishermen participating in daily supervision and providing real-time feedback on abnormalities via mobile devices. Standard plots will be set up to regularly collect data on seed germination and plant growth, and 3D point cloud scanning technology will be used to quantify the expansion of seagrass communities. S2-4. Monitoring system: Construct a multi-dimensional dynamic monitoring network, deploy hydrological sensing equipment in the physical restoration area to continuously collect water flow parameters, deploy smart buoys in the polluted area to track water quality changes in real time, and establish electronic fences in the seed source area to prevent human interference; develop a data fusion analysis model to reveal the intrinsic relationship between survival rate and project cost, and analyze the impact of environmental factors on cover restoration; establish a graded early warning response mechanism to automatically trigger supplementary restoration measures when core indicators deviate from the expected threshold; and cross-validate the ecological restoration effects through a combination of satellite remote sensing technology, drone multispectral monitoring, ground sample verification, and sensor data collection.

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