Oil spill dispersing agent for efficiently treating water area petroleum pollution and preparation method of oil spill dispersing agent

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil spill dispersant for efficiently treating water area petroleum pollution, which is characterized by comprising biodiesel, a biological surfactant, a first nonionic surfactant and a second nonionic surfactant, the invention relates to a biodiesel fuel which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 49.35%-79.55% of biodiesel, 5.25%-8.75% of a biological surfactant, 6.40%-17.60% of a first nonionic surfactant and 8.80%-24.30% of a second nonionic surfactant. The oil spill dispersing agent has the advantages that the oil spill dispersing agent is free of secondary pollution to the environment, various technical indexes meet the requirements of the national standard GB 18188.1-2021 Oil spill dispersing agent technical conditions, the biodegradation rate, the flash point, the kinematic viscosity, the emulsification rate, the fish acute toxicity-median lethal time and the like are superior to those of the national standard requirements, and the oil spill pollution of the water area can be efficiently treated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of emergency disposal of water area oil spill pollution, and specifically relates to an oil spill dispersant for efficiently disposing of oil pollution in water areas and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to the increasing activities such as offshore oil exploration and transportation, oil tanker collisions and pipeline leaks and other offshore oil spill accidents occur frequently, causing pollution to the marine ecological environment. Reasonable use of oil spill dispersants is one of the main methods for emergency disposal in various countries around the world. Oil spill dispersants can achieve the following effects: quickly form oil-in-water type microparticles on the surface of the water area, thereby reducing the oil concentration and increasing the surface area of the oil particles, facilitating the processes of oil dissolution, evaporation, biodegradation and oxidation (mainly photo-oxidation reaction), accelerating the natural purification and dissipation process of oil, and reducing oil diffusion; preventing aquatic organisms from directly contacting the surface of the oil particles, avoiding or reducing the toxicity of oil to aquatic organisms; making the oil lose its adhesion force and no longer adhering to ships, reefs and offshore structures, preventing the formation of water-in-oil type emulsions (chocolate mousse), reducing oil deposition, and further reducing the risks of explosion and fire; can be applied in situations where the sea waves are higher than 1.5 meters and mechanical means such as oil booms and skimmers cannot be used to remove oil spills. Existing oil spill dispersants are basically composed of a mixture of solvents and surfactants. Although the types of solvents and surfactants are different, the solvents are mainly divided into two categories: organic solvents and water.

[0003] The Chinese patent application with publication number CN115944951A discloses a concentrated offshore oil spill dispersant and its application. The dispersant includes: the first non-ionic surfactant Tween 80, the second non-ionic surfactant Span 20, the third non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene stearate, the auxiliary agent propylene glycol, and the solvent No. 3 white oil. The Chinese patent application with publication number CN115895685A discloses a preparation method of a high-efficiency marine oil spill dispersant based on a gemini surfactant complex system, which is to uniformly mix a biosurfactant and a gemini surfactant, and then add an organic solvent and mix by ultrasonic to obtain a high-efficiency marine oil spill dispersant. The organic solvent is specifically limited to dipropylene glycol butyl ether or ethylene glycol butyl ether. The solvents in both of the above two oil spill dispersants are organic solvents with high toxicity (No. 3 white oil, dipropylene glycol butyl ether or ethylene glycol butyl ether), which have the problems of secondary environmental pollution and low biodegradation rate.

[0004] The Chinese patent application with publication number CN102335493A discloses a biological oil spill dispersant and its preparation method, which is composed of a surfactant, microorganisms for degrading oil spills (a mixture of one or more of Bacillus or yeast), an auxiliary agent, and water, without organic solvents, and has the advantages of not causing secondary pollution to the environment. However, to meet the usage requirements for the emulsification rate of crude oil, the HLB value of the surfactant used must be between 8 and 12, and the aqueous solution of the surfactant with an HLB value less than 12.5 is in a semi-transparent or milky white turbid dispersion state, which cannot meet the technical requirements in GB 18188.1-2021 for the appearance of the oil spill dispersant to be clear, transparent, and without stratification.

[0005] Biodiesel is a renewable diesel fuel that can replace petrochemical diesel and is prepared by the esterification and transesterification reactions of vegetable oils and animal fats. It is considered an environmentally friendly bio-liquid fuel and is currently commonly used in tractors, trucks, ships, etc. So far, there has been no relevant report on preparing an oil spill dispersant using biodiesel as a solvent. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention is to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art and provides an oil spill dispersant for efficiently disposing of oil pollution in waters and its preparation method.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: an oil spill dispersant for efficiently disposing of oil pollution in waters, which is composed of biodiesel, a biological surfactant, a first non-ionic surfactant, and a second non-ionic surfactant. The mass percentages of each component are as follows: biodiesel 49.35 - 79.55%, biological surfactant 5.25 - 8.75%, first non-ionic surfactant 6.40 - 17.60%, second non-ionic surfactant 8.80 - 24.30%.

[0008] The preferred technical solution is that the biological surfactant is sophorolipid, the first non-ionic surfactant is (Z)-mono-9-octadecenoic acid sorbitan ester, and the second non-ionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.

[0009] A preparation method of the above-mentioned oil spill dispersant for efficiently disposing of oil pollution in waters is carried out according to the following steps: adding a quantitative biological surfactant, a first non-ionic surfactant, a second non-ionic surfactant, and biodiesel into a stirring kettle in sequence and stirring evenly at room temperature.

[0010] The present invention is mixed with a surfactant using biodiesel as a solvent, does not cause secondary pollution to the environment, and all technical indicators meet the requirements of GB 18188.1-2021 "Technical Conditions for Oil Spill Dispersants". Among them, the biodegradation rate, flash point, kinematic viscosity, emulsification rate, biodegradation rate, and fish acute toxicity - median lethal time are all better than the national standard requirements, and can efficiently dispose of oil spills in water areas. Detailed implementation manners Example 1

[0011] An oil spill dispersant for efficiently disposing of oil pollution in water areas of the present invention is composed of biodiesel, sophorolipid, (Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The mass percentages of each component are as follows: 747.5 Kg of biodiesel, 52.50 Kg of sophorolipid, 84.10 Kg of (Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, and 115.90 Kg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The preparation method is carried out according to the following steps: Add a quantitative amount of sophorolipid, (Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and biodiesel into a stirring kettle in sequence, and stir evenly at room temperature. Example 2

[0012] An oil spill dispersant for efficiently disposing of oil pollution in water areas of the present invention is composed of biodiesel, sophorolipid, (Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The mass percentages of each component are as follows: 503.3 Kg of biodiesel, 80.0 Kg of sophorolipid, 175.0 Kg of (Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, and 241.7 Kg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The preparation method is carried out according to the following steps: Add a quantitative amount of sophorolipid, (Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and biodiesel into a stirring kettle in sequence, and stir evenly at room temperature.

[0013] The oil spill dispersants prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention were measured according to the measurement method of the national standard GB 18188.1-2021 "Technical Conditions for Oil Spill Dispersants". The comparison of each performance index with the specified values in GB18188.1-2021 is as follows in the table:

[0014] The results show that the appearance and pH value meet the national standard requirements, while the biodegradation rate, flash point, kinematic viscosity, emulsification rate, biodegradation rate, and fish acute toxicity - median lethal time are all better than the national standard requirements, and can efficiently dispose of oil spills in water areas.

Claims

1. An oil spill dispersant for efficiently treating oil pollution in water areas, characterized in that It is composed of biodiesel, bio-based surfactant, the first non-ionic surfactant and the second non-ionic surfactant, and the mass percentages of each component are as follows: biodiesel 49.35 - 79.55%, bio-based surfactant 5.25 - 8.75%, the first non-ionic surfactant 6.40 - 17.60%, and the second non-ionic surfactant 8.80 - 24.30%.

2. The oil spill dispersant for efficiently treating oil pollution in water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-based surfactant is sophorolipid, the first non-ionic surfactant is (Z)-sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, and the second non-ionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.

3. A preparation method of an oil spill dispersant for efficiently treating oil pollution in water areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that It is carried out according to the following steps: sequentially add a quantitative bio-based surfactant, the first non-ionic surfactant, the second non-ionic surfactant and biodiesel into a stirring kettle, and fully stir evenly at room temperature.

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