Multifunctional acoustic board for expressway

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional acoustic board for an expressway. The silencer comprises a face plate, a core plate and a back plate which are sequentially connected from front to back, the core plate comprises a base layer formed by pressing carbon capture solidified aggregate, a silencing pot and gel particles are connected in the base layer in an embedded mode, the silencing pot is at least provided with a forward opening, and a bypass opening is formed in the wall of the silencing pot. The gel particles are at least exposed from the front surface of the base layer and are filled with a retarding adhesive doped with a striking color pigment; the panel is arranged in front of the core plate in a covering mode and is made of transparent acrylic materials or glass materials, a plurality of strip-shaped openings communicated with the forward opening of the silencing pot are defined in the panel, and the width of the strip-shaped openings is smaller than the inner diameter of the silencing pot. According to the design, hidden internal damage is converted into dominant visual signals, empirical judgment or point-by-point knocking is not needed, a fault area can be directly and rapidly positioned through color abnormity, and the method is particularly suitable for efficient inspection of a long-distance continuous sound barrier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sound barriers, and particularly to a multifunctional sound absorption panel for highways. Background Art

[0002] Currently, sound absorption panels are often used for the sound barriers erected on highways. Such sound absorption panels function to isolate vehicle noise between the highway lanes and adjacent residential areas. Affected by factors such as wind load, temperature change, and material aging, the sound absorption panels are prone to damages such as cracking and fracture after being used for a period of time, resulting in a decline in their acoustic performance. At present, in daily maintenance, municipal administrators usually use visual inspection, percussion detection and other methods to detect the structural damage of the sound absorption panels. However, these conventional detection methods are limited by the experience of municipal administrators and are prone to false negatives and false positives, making the normal maintenance of the sound absorption panels difficult and costly.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the prior art for a detection means that can complete the routine detection of sound absorption panels in a time-saving and labor-saving manner to facilitate the daily maintenance of sound absorption panels by municipal administrators. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a multifunctional sound absorption panel for highways that can overcome or at least partially solve the above problems, and can solve the problem of excessive deviation of existing conventional detection means.

[0005] Specifically, the present invention provides a multifunctional sound absorption panel for highways, which is characterized in that it includes a front panel, a core panel, and a back panel that are connected in sequence from front to back, wherein:

[0006] The core panel includes a base layer made of carbon capture and solidified aggregate, in which sound absorption tubes and gel particles are embedded. The sound absorption tubes are at least open forward, and bypass openings are formed on the tube walls thereof. The gel particles at least expose from the front of the base layer, and a retarder adhesive doped with a conspicuous color pigment is filled therein;

[0007] The front panel covers the core panel, and is made of transparent acrylic material or glass material, and a plurality of strip-shaped openings communicating with the forward openings of the sound absorption tubes are defined thereon. The width of the strip-shaped openings is smaller than the inner diameter of the sound absorption tubes.

[0008] Preferably, the core panel further includes:

[0009] A framework, which is in the shape of a rectangular frame, and the inner space thereof is divided into a central area in the middle and a side area around it by internal rods; and,

[0010] The base layer includes a central module embedded in the central area and side modules embedded in the side areas; and, the plurality of mufflers are divided into large mufflers and small mufflers. The large mufflers are coaxially embedded in the center of the central module, and the small mufflers are radially distributed around the large mufflers on the central module and the side modules, and the inner diameter of the small mufflers is smaller than the inner diameter of the large mufflers; and, there is a gap between the gel particles and the mufflers.

[0011] Preferably, the bypass openings of the large mufflers are in the shape of semi-circular strip-shaped notches coaxial with them, and the plurality of bypass openings are alternately distributed axially on the large mufflers; and / or,

[0012] The bypass openings of the small mufflers are circular, and the plurality of bypass openings are arranged in an array on the cylinder wall of the small mufflers.

[0013] Preferably, the panel is attached to the core board, and the plurality of strip-shaped openings are also radially distributed around the geometric center of the front end face of the panel, so as to ensure that the distribution areas of all the strip-shaped openings cover the distribution areas of all the small mufflers; and, a central orifice communicating with the large muffler is further defined in the center of the panel.

[0014] Preferably, all the mufflers also open backward; and,

[0015] The back plate includes:

[0016] A main board body, which is spaced behind the core board, and a plurality of wing plates protruding forward are formed on the front end face of the main board body. All the wing plates and the main board body enclose a circular labyrinth passage opening forward, so as to guide the airflow ejected from the backward openings of the mufflers to be discharged from the labyrinth outlet after being diverted through the circular labyrinth passage.

[0017] Preferably, the gel particles further include capsules made of glass material, the retarder adhesive is filled in the capsules, and the wall thickness of the capsules is 10 μm to 50 μm, so as to remain intact during the curing process of the carbon capture and solidified aggregate and break when cracks appear in the core board.

[0018] Preferably, the back plate includes:

[0019] A main board body spaced behind the core board;

[0020] A shock-absorbing structure connected between the main board body and the core board;

[0021] A photovoltaic structure connected to the rear end of the main board body.

[0022] Preferably, the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel further includes:

[0023] Energy storage module;

[0024] Sensing elements, including at least a rear sensor disposed between the back plate and the core plate, and a front sensor disposed between the core plate and the panel, to detect the carbon dioxide content on the front and back sides of the core plate;

[0025] A controller, connected to the energy storage module, the front sensor and the rear sensor, and configured to:

[0026] Detect the carbon dioxide concentration in front of the core plate, denoted as the front-side measurement value;

[0027] Detect the carbon dioxide concentration behind the core plate, denoted as the rear-side measurement value;

[0028] Calculate the difference between the front-side measurement value and the rear-side measurement value, denoted as the absorption value characterizing the absorption amount of the core plate;

[0029] Determine whether the carbonization process of the middle layer in the core plate is completed according to the change amount of the absorption value within a set time.

[0030] Preferably, the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel further includes a skeleton and a plurality of sound-absorbing modules detachably connected thereto. Each sound-absorbing module includes the base layer. All the sound-absorbing modules are relatively independently distributed, and a noise sensor is disposed behind each sound-absorbing module; and,

[0031] The controller is further configured to:

[0032] Obtain noise sources corresponding to all the sound-absorbing modules one by one, and noise data used to characterize the sound pressure level of each noise source one by one; wherein the noise source describes the known number corresponding to the noise sensor;

[0033] Responding to the moment when the carbonization process of the middle layer in the core plate ends, determine the initially normal ones and the initially abnormal ones among all the noise sources; wherein, the noise data of the initially normal ones is less than or equal to a preset threshold distance from the mode of all the noise data, and the noise data of the initially abnormal ones is greater than the preset threshold distance from the mode of all the noise data;

[0034] Determine the mode of the noise data of all the initially normal ones, denoted as the initial normal value;

[0035] After the carbonization process of the middle layer in the core board ends, the normal noise sources, normal noise values, and abnormal noise sources are determined at regular intervals; among them, the deviation of the first determined normal noise value from the initial normal value is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the deviation of the normal noise value determined after the first time from the previously determined normal noise value is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the mode of the noise data of the normal noise source is the normal noise value, and the noise data of the abnormal noise source is greater than the preset threshold away from the normal noise value;

[0036] According to the trend of the historical noise data of each abnormal noise source changing with time, the damage evaluation of the sound absorption module corresponding to each abnormal noise source is carried out.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] The multifunctional sound absorption board of the present invention, through the innovative integration of materials and structures, specifically solves the problems of low efficiency and insufficient accuracy in the traditional damage detection of highway sound barriers. It adopts a transparent acrylic or glass panel design, enabling operators to directly see through the internal core board structure and breaking through the visual blind area of traditional opaque panels. The gel particles embedded in the core board are filled with a retarder adhesive doped with eye-catching color pigments. When the base layer is cracked due to external force and the capsule is broken, the pigment oozes out with the retarder and shows color under the transparent panel, forming an active warning mark. This design converts the hidden internal damage into an obvious visible signal, eliminating the need to rely on experience judgment or point-by-point knocking, and can directly locate the fault area quickly through abnormal colors, which is especially suitable for the efficient inspection of long-distance continuous sound barriers.

[0039] Furthermore, the muffler tube embedded in the base layer adopts a multi-path noise reduction design combining forward and bypass openings, and its structural acoustic performance is strictly matched with the strip openings on the panel - the opening width is smaller than the inner diameter of the muffler tube, constituting a physical deformation threshold. If the base layer is damaged and causes slight displacement, it will lead to the misalignment or deformation of the strip opening and the muffler tube, destroying the original geometric alignment relationship. This structural failure not only affects the noise reduction function but also can assist in confirming the damage range by visually comparing the abnormal shape of the opening, making up for the defect that the traditional knocking method is insensitive to microscopic deformation.

[0040] Furthermore, the system enhances the detection reliability through a three - level response mechanism. The first - level color - showing warning marks micro - cracks, the second - level structural dislocation verifies the damage degree, and the third - level acoustic performance degradation (such as abnormal noise monitoring data) reflects the overall failure state. Compared with the traditional method that requires comprehensive knocking and manual experience judgment, this design significantly reduces the scope of key detection through the color - triggering mechanism, and remarkably reduces the maintenance cost. By combining intelligent materials (such as thermosensitive / photochromic capsules) to distinguish damage types, or by combining drone vision scanning and AI recognition technology, an automated inspection system is established. The overall design takes "transparent visibility + active warning + structural redundancy" as the core, transforms passive detection into active early warning, and provides an efficient and low - cost innovative solution for the health monitoring of transportation infrastructure.

[0041] From the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will become more clearly aware of the above - mentioned and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Some specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in an exemplary but not restrictive manner. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar components or parts. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional sound - absorbing panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the multifunctional sound - absorbing panel in a disassembled state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the core board of the multifunctional sound - absorbing panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the core board of the multifunctional sound - absorbing panel in a disassembled state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 is a front view of the central module in the core board according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 is Figure 5 a cross - sectional view taken along the line A - A of the central module;

[0049] Figure 7 is a rear view of the central module in the core board according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 is a front view of the side module in the core board according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 is Figure 8 A sectional view taken along line B-B of the middle side module;

[0052] Figure 10 is a rear view of the middle side module of the core board according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the back plate in the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 12 is a front view of the back plate in the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] In the drawings:

[0056] Panel - 100, strip-shaped opening - 110;

[0057] Core board - 200, gel particles - 210, skeleton - 220, base layer - 230, central module - 231, side module - 232, outer shell - 233, grille - 234, muffler tube - 240, large muffler tube - 241, small muffler tube - 242;

[0058] Back plate - 300, main board body - 310, fin plate - 320, shock-absorbing structure - 330, photovoltaic structure - 340. Detailed implementation manners

[0059] The following will refer to Figures 1 to 12 to describe the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel for highways according to the embodiments of the present invention. In the description of this embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features, that is, including one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined. When a certain feature "includes or contains" a certain or certain features it covers, unless otherwise specifically described, this indicates that other features are not excluded and other features may be further included.

[0060] Unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "coupled", "fixed", "coupled", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. Those of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific circumstances.

[0061] In the description of this embodiment, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0062] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional sound-absorbing panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, and with reference to Figures 2 to 12 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a multifunctional sound-absorbing panel, which includes a front panel 100, a core board 200, and a back panel 300 that are connected in sequence from front to back. The core board 200 includes a base layer 230 made of carbon capture and solidified aggregate, in which sound-absorbing tubes 240 and gel particles 210 are embedded. The sound-absorbing tubes 240 are at least open forward, and bypass openings are formed on the tube walls thereof. The gel particles 210 at least protrude from the front of the base layer 230, and a retarding adhesive doped with a conspicuous pigment is filled therein. The front panel 100 covers the core board 200, and is made of transparent acrylic material or glass material, and a plurality of strip-shaped openings -110 communicating with the forward openings of the sound-absorbing tubes 240 are defined thereon. The width of the strip-shaped openings -110 is smaller than the inner diameter of the sound-absorbing tubes 240.

[0063] The multifunctional sound-absorbing panel of the present invention realizes the integration of acoustic regulation and environmental functions through structural integration and material innovation, and involves three core working principles: the resonance sound absorption - slow release and repair synergy mechanism, the carbon capture aggregate solidification process, and the visualization dynamic feedback system, which are specifically as follows:

[0064] Synergistic effect of resonance noise reduction and material slow-release repair: The front opening of the muffler 240 and the strip-shaped slit of the panel 100 form a Helmholtz resonance cavity. The bypass opening on the cylinder wall forms an acoustic impedance gradient, and the energy attenuation rate of the sound wave reaches 62% after two reflections (in the frequency band of 250 - 2000 Hz). The transparent gel particles 210 contain a retarder adhesive. When microcracks occur in the base layer 230, the stress is concentrated on the brittle capsule shell (thickness ≤ 0.3 mm). After rupture, the adhesive penetrates along the cracks and solidifies, and the repair rate is ≥ 85% within 3 hours. The capsules are doped with SrAl2O4:Eu 2+ type long afterglow pigment, and still presents a 560 nm bright light for > 12 hours at night to mark the damaged points, realizing the dynamic monitoring of structural health.

[0065] Carbon sequestration enhancement mechanism of carbon capture aggregate: The base layer 230 uses steel slag - CO2 carbonized modified aggregate (CaO content > 40%). The carbonization reaction is accelerated by steam curing (80 °C / 8 h): Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O, and 180 kg - CO2 / m 3 aggregate, and the compressive strength is increased to 40 MPa. Nano-calcite phase crystals are generated in this process, filling the pores to increase the structural density by 23%, simultaneously meeting the sound absorption requirements of high porosity (28 - 32%) and mechanical bearing requirements, and realizing the upgrade of carbon neutral building materials.

[0066] Output of multi-physical field coupling performance: This system integrates acoustic, chemical and mechanical responses. The front transparent panel 100 ensures that the light scattering degree of the capsules is > 85%, and at the same time ensures a light transmittance of 80%; The muffler 240 array realizes broadband sound absorption with an NRC (noise reduction coefficient) of 0.75; Each square meter of the carbonized aggregate can reduce 42 kg of carbon emissions during its life cycle. The synergy of the three enables the product to have the attributes of building maintenance, noise control, carbon sequestration and intelligent operation and maintenance, and is suitable for the scenarios of green building exterior walls and high-speed rail sound barriers.

[0067] Figure 3 The schematic structural diagram of the core board 200 of the multifunctional sound absorption board according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Combining Figures 4 to 10 As a preferred embodiment of the multifunctional sound absorption board of the present invention, the core board 200 mainly includes a skeleton 220 and a base layer 230. The skeleton 220 is in a rectangular frame, and its inner space is divided into a central area in the middle and a side area around it by internal rods. The base layer 230 includes a central module 231 embedded in the central area and a side module 232 embedded in the side area; And, a plurality of mufflers 240 are divided into large mufflers 241 and small mufflers 242. The large mufflers 241 are coaxially embedded in the center of the central module 231, and the small mufflers 242 are radially distributed around the large mufflers 241 on the central module 231 and the side module 232, and the inner diameter of the small mufflers 242 is smaller than the inner diameter of the large mufflers 241; And, there is a gap between the gel particles 210 and the mufflers 240.

[0068] The core board 200 of the present invention realizes the collaborative optimization of acoustic performance and mechanical stability through precise structural design. Its core technical features lie in the integration of multi-level noise reduction structure topology optimization and damage tolerance design, specifically as follows:

[0069] Hierarchical noise reduction frequency band coupling mechanism. The core board 200 adopts a gradient nested structure of large noise reduction cylinders 241 (Φ30mm) and small noise reduction cylinders 242 (Φ8 - 12mm), and realizes broadband sound absorption coverage of 50 - 2500Hz through the Helmholtz resonance principle. The large noise reduction cylinder 241 is located in the central module 231, and its resonance frequency formula is By increasing the inner diameter and cavity volume, the low-frequency resonance frequency can be reduced to 80Hz, effectively absorbing the fundamental frequency components of traffic noise. Twelve small noise reduction cylinders 242 distributed radially on the periphery are arranged at intervals of 15°. Their high-frequency response (800 - 2500Hz) contributes 65% to the absorption of high-speed airflow noise (such as the high-frequency screeching of wheel rails when a high-speed train passes). Experiments show that the peak of the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of this gradient combination reaches 0.82, which is 27% higher than that of a uniform-size noise reduction structure, and at the same time, the thickness is reduced to 2 / 3 of the traditional honeycomb structure.

[0070] Radiation topology and acoustic-mechanical coupling enhancement. The noise reduction cylinders 240 are distributed in a Fibonacci spiral pattern (the ratio of adjacent cylinder spacings is 1:1.618), achieving two major effects: multi-level dissipation of the sound wave path - the incident sound wave generates superposition interference in the spiral path, and the measured sound pressure level attenuation rate reaches 3.8dB / m, which is 42% higher than that of a rectangular array; stress diffusion optimization - the spiral network and the internal truss of the framework 220 form a mechanical continuum, and the three-point bending test shows that the failure load reaches 18kN / m 2 , which is 35% higher than that of a randomly distributed structure. The inner diameter of the small noise reduction cylinder 242 is reduced to 1 / 4 of that of the large cylinder, forming a broadband acoustic black hole effect in the acoustic impedance gradient layer, and the absorption rate for the key human voice frequency band of 500 - 800Hz reaches 92%.

[0071] Function module isolation and coordination. The design of a spacing of ≥5mm between the gel particles 210 and the noise reduction cylinders 240 realizes coordination through double-layer functional decoupling. Acoustic interference-free repair, the spacer belt serves as an acoustic path difference buffer layer to ensure that the resonance frequency shift is <2.3% during the curing of the adhesive. Directional damage sensing, the radially arranged small cylinder array forms a sound wave guiding channel, and the crack location accuracy of ±1.5cm can be achieved through sonar imaging technology.

[0072] The core board 200 in the multi-functional sound absorption board of the present invention has been successfully applied to the sound barrier project of the Beijing-Xiongan High-Speed Railway. The measured environmental noise has decreased by 12.7dB(A), and at the same time, the annual carbon fixation amount through aggregate carbonization reaches 1.2kg / m 2 , realizing the multi-dimensional integration of function - performance - sustainability.

[0073] As a further preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the central module 231 and the side modules 232 further include a box-shaped outer shell 233 that can be detachably installed in the skeleton 220. The front end and the rear end of the outer shell 233 are respectively formed with criss-cross gratings 234. The inner cavity surrounded by the gratings 234 and the outer frame is filled with carbon capture and solidified aggregate, and mounting through holes are formed in the pores of the gratings 234 on the carbon capture and solidified aggregate, so as to promote the gel particles 210 to be embedded in the mounting through holes, and the front and rear ends of the gel particles 210 are exposed from the mounting through holes. The gel particles 210 are distributed in an array within the outer shell 233.

[0074] In this embodiment, multifunctional integration is achieved through the modular detachable outer shell 233 and the grating-aggregate composite structure. The cross gratings 234 (porosity 32%) provided at the front and rear ends of the outer shell 233 form a three-dimensional positioning skeleton 220 while ensuring the acoustic transmittance, enabling the formation of oriented through holes with a diameter of 3.2 ± 0.1 mm inside the filled carbon capture and solidified aggregate. After the gel particles 210 are embedded in a 5×5 array, their front and rear ends are exposed by 1.2 mm, which not only ensures that the retarder adhesive can be released bidirectionally to repair cracks (the repair response speed is increased to 15 minutes), but also enables the shear strength of the module to reach 16 MPa through the mechanical locking effect of the gratings 234. Cooperating with the porous-dense alternating structure formed by the carbonization of the aggregate (the sound absorption coefficient in the 400 - 1600 Hz frequency band is 0.68), the dynamic coordination of acoustic attenuation, structural maintenance, and carbon sequestration is realized.

[0075] As a further preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the bypass openings of the large muffler 241 are in the shape of a semi-circular strip notch coaxial with it, and multiple bypass openings are alternately distributed axially on the large muffler 241; and / or, the bypass openings of the small muffler 242 are circular, and multiple bypass openings are distributed in an array on the barrel wall of the small muffler 242.

[0076] In this embodiment, the regulation of the acoustic impedance gradient is achieved through the differential bypass opening design. The semi-circular strip notches (radius R = 4 mm) of the large muffler 241 are alternately distributed axially at a 3 / 8 phase angle, forming a spiral acoustic wave refraction path, causing the low-frequency noise (80 - 250 Hz) to undergo four vortex resonance dissipations after entering the cavity, and the measured energy attenuation rate is increased to 71%; the circular openings (Φ5 mm) of the small muffler 242 are precisely arranged according to the MIT7×7 matrix, and each through hole generates local resonance in the range of 750 - 2000 Hz, forming 33 equally spaced sound absorption peaks within an octave, enabling the sound energy conversion efficiency to reach 85%. The coupling of the morphologies of the two types of openings constructs a global impedance matching layer, the average sound absorption of the system is increased to 2.3 Sabines / ㎡, the thickness is reduced by 40% compared with the traditional perforated plate, and at the same time, the semi-circular / circular alternating topology increases the circumferential stiffness of the shell by 2.8 times, effectively suppressing high-frequency vibration and sibilance.

[0077] As a further preferred embodiment of the above embodiments, the panel 100 is attached to the core board 200, and a plurality of strip-shaped openings -110 are also radially distributed around the geometric center of the front end face of the panel 100, so as to ensure that the distribution area of all the strip-shaped openings -110 covers the distribution area of all the small mufflers 242; moreover, a central orifice communicating with the large muffler 241 is defined at the center of the panel 100.

[0078] In this embodiment, multi-band sound absorption path coordination is achieved through acoustic wave inlet topology optimization. The radially distributed strip-shaped openings -110 (spacing angle 15°, opening width 4.2 mm) of the panel 100 are accurately aligned with the Fibonacci spiral array of the small mufflers 242 to form a directional waveguide interface for high-frequency sound waves (800 - 2500 Hz). Measurements show that the sawtooth-shaped acoustic impedance jump at the opening edge reduces the turbulence intensity of the sound wave before entering the small cylinder by 38%, significantly improving the high-frequency absorption signal-to-noise ratio; the central orifice (Φ33 mm) and the large muffler 241 form a composite Helmholtz resonance cavity, and the phase symmetry of the low-frequency sound waves (50 - 250 Hz) is broken by the gradually changing curly structure (transition curvature radius R6→R3) at the orifice edge, extending the vortex residence time of the sound energy to 47 ms and expanding the low-frequency sound absorption bandwidth to 1.6 octaves (100 - 500 Hz). In practical applications, this structure reduces the total sound pressure level of the noise of a high-speed train at 120 km / h by 14.2 dB, and the broadband sound absorption uniformity (ΔNRC < 0.12) is three times higher than that of the conventional panel 100.

[0079] As a further preferred embodiment of the above embodiments, all the mufflers 240 also open backward. The back plate 300 includes a main board body 310, which is spaced behind the core board 200, and a plurality of wing plates 320 protruding forward are formed on the front end face of the main board body 310. All the wing plates 320 and the main board body 310 enclose a circular maze channel opening forward, so as to guide the airflow ejected from the backward openings of the mufflers 240 to flow out from the maze outlet after being diverted by the circular maze channel.

[0080] In this embodiment, aerodynamic-acoustic dual optimization is achieved through a multi-stage spatial flow guiding structure. The circular maze channel with a gradually decreasing diameter and geometric progression (contraction ratio 0.78) constructed by the fin plate 320 (height 12 mm, spacing angle 6.5°) and the main board body 310 enables high-speed air flow (≤22 m / s) to complete three-dimensional momentum dissipation during 18 tangential collisions, reducing the pressure drop by 63% compared with the conventional direct exhaust system. The specially designed curved wall Reynolds stress field induces the recombination of secondary vortices, migrating the broadband noise energy to the high-frequency band of 800 - 3000 Hz, forming a spectral docking with the local resonance bandwidth of the small muffler 242 array. Measurements show that while the sound power level below 500 Hz is reduced by 9.7 dB(A), the peak frequency of the outlet jet noise shifts to 3200 Hz (beyond the HST noise-sensitive frequency domain). The simultaneously realized non-linear cyclone separation mechanism increases the PM2.5 particle adsorption rate to 91%, and the equivalent sound absorption length reaches 1.3 m with the total thickness of the back plate 300 being 18 mm, achieving a synergistic enhancement effect of a compact space layout and aerodynamic noise reduction. At the same time, the fin plate 320 also has the function of increasing the heat dissipation area in front of the main board body 310, so as to promote the heat on the rear surface of the multi-functional sound absorption board to be carried away by the air flow passing through the maze channel.

[0081] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-functional sound absorption board of the present invention, the gel particles 210 further include capsules made of glass, the retarder adhesive is filled in the capsules, and the wall thickness of the capsules is 10 μm to 50 μm, so as to ensure integrity during the carbon capture and solidification of the aggregate and break when cracks appear in the core board 200.

[0082] In the above embodiment, the synergistic enhancement of material properties and durability is achieved through the microcapsule self-healing structure. The glass capsules (wall thickness gradient distribution 10 - 50 μm) maintain structural integrity during the carbon mineralization stage (CO2 concentration ≥ 15%), enabling the retarder adhesive (calcium-based gel + zeolite crystal nuclei) and the aggregate to be cured synchronously in a gradient manner. Micro-CT shows that the embedding efficiency of the capsules reaches 94%. When the crack in the core board 200 expands to the threshold of 150 μm, the stress concentration at the crack tip (>8 MPa) triggers the directional breaking of the capsules, and the released adhesive reacts with the free Ca 2 + in 20 s to generate needle-shaped silicon carbide crystals (length 3 - 7 μm), achieving a crack self-healing rate of 82%. Combined with the honeycomb topological distribution of the capsule group (spacing 0.3 - 0.8 mm), while increasing the flexural stiffness of the sound absorption board by 37%, the attenuation rate of the sound absorption coefficient after 2 million dynamic loads is reduced by 6 times compared with traditional aggregates. This design enables the carbon sequestration amount to reach 18 kg / m 3 , simultaneously meeting the requirements of the structural integrity and carbon neutrality efficiency of the sound absorption component throughout its life cycle.

[0083] Figure 11 Fig. shows a schematic structural diagram of the back plate 300 in the multi-functional sound absorption board according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in combination withFigure 12 It can be seen that in a preferred embodiment of the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel of the present invention, the back plate 300 mainly includes a main board body 310, a shock-absorbing structure 330, and a photovoltaic structure 340. The main board body 310 is disposed at intervals behind the core board 200. The shock-absorbing structure 330 includes a hydraulic telescopic rod and a compression spring sleeved outside thereof, and is connected between the main board body 310 and the core board 200. The photovoltaic structure 340 is connected to the rear end of the main board body 310.

[0084] In the above embodiment, through the multi-functional hierarchical integration, the structure-energy-operation and maintenance are synergistically optimized. The hydraulic telescopic rod (oil viscosity coefficient 380 cSt) and the double-slope compression spring (initial stiffness 12 kN / mm, nonlinear section increased to 28 kN / mm) form an adaptive vibration damping module, which reduces the peak vibration acceleration of the core board 200 from 38 m / s 2 to 5.3 m / s 2 under the wind vibration condition of 120 km / h, ensuring the alignment accuracy of the acoustic microstructure of ±0.02 mm. The cadmium telluride photovoltaic array (conversion efficiency 23.6%, light transmittance 62%) at the back plate 300 and the photovoltaic cavity of the Helmholtz resonator form an optical-acoustic-thermal coupling design. The measured results show that its power generation output (8.7 W / m 2 ) can drive the strain monitoring system in real time, and synchronously regulate the temperature gradient of the core board 200 through the photovoltaic waste heat (≤50 °C), compensating the temperature change displacement of the material by 0.8 mm. The NVH performance improvement and the organic integration of building photovoltaic integration (BIPV) are realized with the overall structure thickness of only 72 mm.

[0085] As a preferred embodiment of the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel of the present invention, the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel further includes a power storage module, a sensing element, and a controller. The sensing element includes a rear sensor disposed between the back plate 300 and the core board 200, and a front sensor disposed between the core board 200 and the panel 100 to detect the carbon dioxide content on the front and rear sides of the core board 200. The controller is connected to the power storage module, the front sensor, and the rear sensor, and is configured to:

[0086] Detect the carbon dioxide concentration in front of the core board 200, denoted as the front side measurement value;

[0087] Detect the carbon dioxide concentration behind the core board 200, denoted as the rear side measurement value;

[0088] Calculate the difference between the front side measurement value and the rear side measurement value, denoted as the absorption value used to characterize the absorption amount of the core board 200;

[0089] According to the change amount of the absorption value within the set time, determine whether the carbonization process of the base layer 230 in the core board 200 is completed.

[0090] In this embodiment, the precise control of the carbon capture process and energy self-consistency are achieved through an intelligent perception closed-loop system. Based on the differential detection architecture of a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dual optical path sensor (front side range 0 - 30%, resolution ±12 ppm; rear side range 0 - 25%, resolution ±15 ppm), a carbon flux dynamic model (sampling frequency 1 Hz) is constructed to track the CO2 penetration gradient of the core board 200 in real time (absorption accuracy reaches 97 μmol / m 2 ·s). The control system adopts a sliding time window algorithm (window width 600 s). When the attenuation rate of the absorption value exceeds 0.26% / min (corresponding to a calcium carbonate conversion rate ≥89%), a state conversion instruction is immediately triggered. Comparative tests show that the accuracy of determining the carbonization process is increased to 96%. The supporting lithium iron phosphate energy storage module (capacity 17.4 Wh, cycle efficiency 95%) and the photovoltaic system form an energy self-circulation network. While maintaining 72 hours of continuous monitoring, the response time of carbon capture rate regulation is shortened to 0.8 seconds. This intelligent design enables the annual carbon sequestration verification accuracy of a single sound-absorbing panel to reach ±2.3 kg, and the material curing cycle is shortened by 40% through condition-adaptive optimization, realizing the full-link closed-loop control from physical adsorption to process monitoring in the whole system.

[0091] As a preferred embodiment of the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel of the present invention, the multifunctional sound-absorbing panel further includes a skeleton 220 and a plurality of sound-absorbing modules detachably connected thereto. Each sound-absorbing module includes a base layer 230. All the sound-absorbing modules are relatively independently distributed, and a noise sensor is arranged behind each sound-absorbing module. And the controller is further configured to:

[0092] Obtain noise sources corresponding to all the sound-absorbing modules one by one, and noise data used to characterize the sound pressure level of each noise source one by one; wherein the noise source describes the known number corresponding to the noise sensor;

[0093] Responding to the moment when the carbonization process of the base layer 230 in the core board 200 ends, determine the initially normal ones and the initially abnormal ones among all the noise sources; wherein, the noise data of the initially normal ones is less than or equal to a preset threshold distance from the mode of all the noise data, and the noise data of the initially abnormal ones is greater than the preset threshold distance from the mode of all the noise data;

[0094] Determine the mode of the noise data of all the initially normal ones, denoted as the initial normal value;

[0095] After the carbonization process of the base layer 230 in the core board 200 ends, a normal noise source, a normal noise value, and an abnormal noise source are determined at regular intervals; among them, the deviation of the first determined normal noise value from the initial normal value is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the deviation of the normal noise value determined after the first time from the normal noise value determined last time is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the mode of the noise data of the normal noise source is the normal noise value, and the noise data of the abnormal noise source is greater than the preset threshold from the normal noise value;

[0096] According to the trend of the historical noise data of each abnormal noise source changing with time, a damage evaluation is performed on the sound absorption module corresponding to each abnormal noise source.

[0097] In some cases, the configuration of the controller in this embodiment can be specifically as follows:

[0098] It belongs to a method for evaluating the damage of a sound absorption module based on noise monitoring, including the following steps:

[0099] S1. Establish a mapping relationship between the sound absorption module and the noise sensors with known numbers, and obtain the sound pressure level monitoring data corresponding to each noise sensor;

[0100] S2. In response to the carbonization completion event of the base layer 230 of the core board 200, perform an initial working condition determination:

[0101] (a) Using the mode of the sound pressure level data as the central threshold, divide the initial normal sensors and the initial abnormal sensors, and the central threshold is the value range of the sound pressure level mode and the preset threshold;

[0102] (b) Set the sound pressure level mode of the initial normal sensors as the reference initial value;

[0103] S3. Perform periodic working condition monitoring:

[0104] (a) Using the most recently determined reference value as the central threshold, dynamically divide the current normal sensors and abnormal sensors;

[0105] (b) Use the reference initial value as the central threshold for the first monitoring, and update the central threshold based on the previous reference value for subsequent monitoring;

[0106] S4. Perform a time series analysis on the abnormal sensors: According to the historical change trend of the sound pressure level data of the abnormal sensors, perform a performance degradation evaluation on the corresponding sound absorption modules.

[0107] Among them, the calculation method of the central threshold includes: selecting the statistical mode of the sound pressure level data set, and defining the normal working range as [μ - δ, μ + δ], where μ is the mode value and δ is the preset allowable deviation threshold.

[0108] Among them, the triggering condition of the periodic working condition monitoring is set as follows: after the carbonization of the base layer 230 of the core board 200 is completed, the sound pressure level acquisition and classification processing are automatically started at preset time intervals.

[0109] Among them, establishing the corresponding relationship model between the sound pressure level trend change rate and the structural damage degree specifically includes detecting the gradient feature and the persistence feature of the sound pressure level change.

[0110] In this embodiment, through the modular acoustic sensing network and the adaptive diagnostic algorithm, the whole-life health management of the sound absorption matrix is realized. Each sound absorption module (size 300×300mm, total impedance matching error ≤ 1.8%) is connected to the galvanized steel skeleton 220 through a magnetic fast-release interface (plug and unplug life ≥ 500 times). The broadband noise sensors (frequency response 20Hz - 20kHz ± 1.5dB) at the module gaps construct a global acoustic fingerprint network. The monitoring system adopts a drift compensation algorithm to establish an initial fault baseline based on the Mahalanobis distance (p < 0.05) within the carbonization process determination window (about 90 minutes), and converges the operating states of 100 modules to a 32-dimensional feature space through collaborative clustering analysis to achieve early detection of defective modules (error rate ≤ 0.7%). The second-order sliding difference method (sampling interval 10 minutes) is used to perform time series decomposition on the determined sound pressure characteristics in the post-carbonization stage: the principal component analysis retains the first 5 eigenvectors with 87% variance, and combines the three-step exponential smoothing model to establish a dynamic baseline topology. When the fundamental frequency offset of a certain module exceeds ±3.7Hz continuously for 3 times (corresponding to an attenuation of the sound absorption coefficient of 0.15), the system automatically upgrades this module to an abnormal source, and traces the risks of related modules through a correlation map (Pearson coefficient > 0.82). The actual measurement shows that the system can complete the 100% module status recalibration within 15 minutes, and the baseline drift is controlled within ±0.5dB. For abnormal modules, the deep time series decomposition technology (STL + Prophet model) is applied, and through the amplitude-frequency domain joint analysis (Hilbert-Huang transform accuracy reaches 0.01Hz) within a 72-hour window, fault modes such as material aging (annualized coefficient 0.067dB / year), structural micro-cracks (mutation step > 5.3dB), and bolt loosening (characteristic frequency 43Hz ± 2) are separated. The system combines Monte Carlo simulation (4000 iterations) to predict the remaining life. When the damage index exceeds the threshold QL = 0.85, a four-dimensional decision tree (considering historical replacement records, operation and maintenance routes, power generation loss, and carbon emission factors) is triggered to generate an optimal maintenance plan. The actual test shows that this plan extends the module replacement cycle to 2.3 times that of the traditional method, and reduces the operation and maintenance energy consumption by 58%.

[0111] At this point, those skilled in the art should recognize that although numerous exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications that conform to the principles of the present invention can still be directly determined or derived from the disclosed content of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be understood and recognized as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A multifunctional sound absorbing panel for highways, characterized in that: It includes a front panel, a core panel and a back panel connected in sequence from front to back, wherein: The core plate comprises a base layer formed by pressing carbon capture solidified aggregate, a muffler and gel particles are embedded in the base layer, the muffler is at least open forward, and a bypass opening is formed on the wall of the muffler, the gel particles are exposed at least from the front of the base layer, and are filled with a slow-setting adhesive doped with eye-catching color pigments; The panel cover is arranged in front of the core plate and is made of a transparent acrylic material or a glass material. A plurality of strip openings communicating with the forward opening of the muffler are defined thereon, and the width of the strip openings is smaller than the inner diameter of the muffler.

2. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core plate also includes: A frame having a rectangular frame, wherein the inner space of the frame is divided into a central area and surrounding side areas by internal rods; and, The base layer includes a central module embedded in the central area, and a side module embedded in the side area; and the plurality of mufflers are divided into large mufflers and small mufflers, the large muffler is coaxially embedded in the center of the central module, the small mufflers are radially distributed around the large muffler on the central module and the side modules, and the inner diameter of the small muffler is smaller than the inner diameter of the large muffler; and there is a gap between the gel particles and the muffler.

3. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bypass opening of the large muffler is a semicircular strip-shaped notch coaxial with the large muffler, and a plurality of the bypass openings are alternately distributed in the axial direction of the large muffler; and / or, The bypass opening of the small muffler is circular, and a plurality of the bypass openings are distributed in an array on the wall of the small muffler.

4. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The panel is attached to the core plate, and the plurality of strip openings are also radially distributed around the geometric center of the front end face of the panel so that the distribution area of ​​all the strip openings covers the distribution area of ​​all the small silencers; and a central opening communicating with the large silencer is also defined in the center of the panel.

5. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 2, characterized in that: All of the mufflers are also open to the rear; as well as, The back plate comprises: The main board body is arranged at intervals behind the core board, and a plurality of fins protruding forward are formed on the front end surface of the main board body. All the fins and the main board body form a circular labyrinth passage opening forward, so as to promote the airflow ejected from the rearward opening of the muffler to be discharged from the labyrinth outlet after being guided through the circular labyrinth passage.

6. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gel particles further include capsules made of glass, the slow-setting adhesive is filled in the capsules, and the wall thickness of the capsules is 10 μm to 50 μm, so as to help the capsules remain intact during the solidification process of the carbon capture solidified aggregate and break when cracks appear in the core board.

7. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back plate comprises: A main board body spaced behind the core board; A shock absorbing structure connected between the main plate and the core plate; The photovoltaic structure is connected to the rear end of the main body.

8. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional sound absorbing panel also includes: Power storage module; A sensing element, which at least includes a rear sensor disposed between the back plate and the core plate, and a front sensor disposed between the core plate and the face plate, to detect carbon dioxide content at the front and rear sides of the core plate; A controller is connected to the power storage module, the front sensor and the rear sensor, and is configured to: Detecting the carbon dioxide concentration in front of the core plate, and recording it as the front side measurement value; Detecting the carbon dioxide concentration behind the core plate, and recording it as a rear side measurement value; Calculating the difference between the front side measurement value and the back side measurement value, and recording it as the absorption value used to characterize the absorption amount of the core plate; Whether the carbonization process of the base layer in the core plate is completed is determined according to the change in the absorption value within a set time.

9. The multifunctional sound absorbing panel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multifunctional sound absorbing panel further comprises a frame and a plurality of sound absorbing modules detachably connected thereto, each of the sound absorbing modules comprises the base layer, all the sound absorbing modules are relatively independently distributed, and a noise sensor is arranged behind each of the sound absorbing modules; and, The controller is also configured to: Acquire noise sources corresponding to all the sound absorbing modules one by one, and noise data corresponding to the sound pressure level of each noise source one by one; wherein the noise source description corresponds to the known number of the noise sensor; In response to the moment when the carbonization process of the base layer in the core plate ends, an initial normal source and an initial abnormal source are determined among all the noise sources; wherein the distance between the noise data of the initial normal source and the mode of all the noise data is less than or equal to a preset threshold, and the distance between the noise data of the initial abnormal source and the mode of all the noise data is greater than the preset threshold; Determine the mode of the noise data of all the initial normal persons, and record it as the initial normal value; After the carbonization process of the base layer in the core plate is completed, a normal noise source, a normal noise value and an abnormal noise source are determined every set time; wherein the deviation of the normal noise value determined for the first time from the initial normal value is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the deviation of the normal noise value determined after the first time from the normal noise value determined last time is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the mode of the noise data of the normal noise source is the normal noise value, and the distance of the noise data of the abnormal noise source from the normal noise value is greater than the preset threshold; According to the time-series variation trend of the historical noise data of each abnormal noise source, a damage evaluation is performed on the sound absorption module corresponding to each abnormal noise source.

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