The invention discloses a high-temperature liquid-phase synthesis method of cadmium telluride powder, which comprises the following steps: respectively containing cadmium blocks and tellurium blocks in the end A and the end B of a Y-shaped tube according to a mol ratio of 1:1; horizontally placing the Y-shaped quartz tube in an open / close type Y-shaped furnace chamber performing three-section heating; then vacuumizing the quartz tube to 1*10<-3>-1*10<-4> Pa; respectively heating the section A, the section B and the section C of the Y-shaped quartz tube to 350-400 DEG C, 480-600 DEG C and 600-1100 DEG C, and keeping the temperature until the test is finished; when the tellurium and the cadmium are molten into liquids, vertically arranging the open / close type furnace performing three-section heating through a bracket 8; then closing vacuum valves 1 and 2, opening breather valves 3 and 4 and a bleed valve 5, and introducing Ar gas of 0.01-1 MPa, so that the tellurium and cadmium liquids are respectively sprayed out from nozzles 6 and 7 and atomized, the high-purity cadmium telluride powder can be synthesized through the contact of the atomized tellurium and cadmium liquid drops, and the cadmium telluride powder scatters on the bottom of the end C of the Y-shaped quartz tube; and after the atomization process is finished, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, opening an end cover 9 at the end C, and collecting the high-purity cadmium telluride powder.