Integrated mining method of bench unloading and medium-deep hole filling in high-stress fractured ore body

Abstract

The present application provides an integrated mining method for high-stress and crushed ore body pan-area step unloading and medium-deep hole filling, which belongs to the field of mining, wherein the integrated mining method for high-stress and crushed ore body pan-area step unloading and medium-deep hole filling includes the following steps: dividing the ore body into several pan-areas according to the stress distribution of the mine to be mined and the degree of ore body crushing; dividing the pan-area into several steps; setting several pressure relief holes along the height direction of the step in the currently mined step, with the depth of the pressure relief holes greater than the height of the step; blasting the pressure relief holes; using medium-deep hole blasting technology to mine the step and fill the goaf; mining the remaining steps and the remaining pan-areas. The present application realizes the safe, efficient, low-cost, large-scale mining of high-stress and highly crushed ore bodies through the organic combination of step unloading, medium-deep hole mining and filling technology, thereby improving the supply guarantee capacity of metal mineral resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a mining method integrating high-stress crushed ore body pan-area bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling. Background Art

[0002] my country has implemented a number of technological breakthroughs in the development of deep mineral resources, achieving scientific and technological achievements such as comprehensive mining technology for ultra-large deep metal mines, which provide technical support for the safe and efficient mining of deep metal mines. However, the mining process of deep, highly stressed, and fractured ore bodies, which are difficult to mine due to geological tectonic movements or long-term mining activities and have highly concentrated stress and fractured structures, faces many challenges. These ore bodies have highly concentrated internal stress, poor ore body stability, and are prone to disasters such as rock bursts and roof falls, which pose a serious threat to the safety of miners and the integrity of equipment. Furthermore, mining is difficult. Currently, although methods such as backfill mining, pressure relief blasting, and medium-deep hole mining are used to mine these ore bodies, they suffer from unsatisfactory pressure relief effects and poor operational safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides an integrated mining method of high-stress broken ore body panel step unloading and medium-deep hole filling, aiming to solve the technical problems of poor unloading effect and poor operation safety during the mining of high-stress broken ore bodies.

[0004] The present application provides an integrated mining method for high-stress fractured ore body pan-area bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Divide the ore body into a stable zone and a broken zone according to the stress distribution and the degree of ore body fragmentation of the mine to be mined; divide the broken zone into a plurality of pans; divide the pans into a plurality of steps; and mine the ore in the steps;

[0006] S2. Setting a plurality of pressure relief holes in the currently mined step along the height direction of the step, wherein the depth of the pressure relief holes is greater than the height of the step; blasting the pressure relief holes to release stress;

[0007] S3. Using medium-long hole blasting technology to mine the bench section and fill the goaf;

[0008] S4. Mining the remaining benches in the panel area; mining the remaining panel areas.

[0009] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the disk area is first divided according to the stress distribution of the ore body and the degree of ore body fragmentation, so as to accurately grasp the ore body information of the disk area; then, a number of pressure relief holes are set in the step along the height direction of the step and the depth is greater than the step height, and efficient and safe mining is achieved through the mutual coordination of the step height and the depth of the pressure relief hole; then, medium-deep hole blasting technology is used for mining to improve mining efficiency, and filling is carried out after the mining of step 2 is completed to further improve the safety of the ore body; finally, safe and efficient mining of the remaining steps and the remaining disk areas is achieved.

[0010] In some embodiments, the depth of the pressure relief hole is 5-40 m deeper than the height of the step.

[0011] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the difference between the depth of the pressure relief hole and the height of the bench, stress release of the currently mined bench and the lower or deep ore body can be achieved simultaneously.

[0012] In some embodiments, the height of the step is 10-15 m; the depth of the pressure relief hole is 20-50 m.

[0013] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the height of the steps, the stability of the surrounding rock is maintained while adapting to most mining equipment, and the resource recovery rate is maximized and the waste of ore resources is reduced; by reasonably setting the depth of the pressure relief hole, a safe environment is provided for the mining operation.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pressure relief holes are arranged in a fan-shaped or parallel manner; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the pressure relief holes in adjacent rows are staggered, and the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes in each row is 5-10m.

[0015] In this embodiment, by rationally arranging the arrangement of the pressure relief holes, blasting is better achieved, thereby better releasing the concentrated stress in the ore body, creating a safer environment for mining, and ensuring the safety and efficiency of subsequent mining operations.

[0016] In some embodiments, the medium-deep hole blasting adopts segmented blasting, and the length of each blasting segment is 5-10m; the depth of the medium-deep hole is 20-50m and the hole diameter is 100-150mm; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the medium-deep hole is set between adjacent pressure relief holes.

[0017] In this embodiment, by optimizing the arrangement of the pressure relief holes and the medium-deep holes, the costs of blasting and support are reduced and the economic benefits are improved.

[0018] In some embodiments, the upper 0.5m and lower 5-6m of the goaf are filled with high-strength tailings cementing material, the strength of the upper 0.5m filling body is 3-4MPa, and the strength of the lower 5-6m filling body is 4-5MPa; the strength of the filling body in the middle is lower than the strength of the upper filling body and the lower filling body.

[0019] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the strength of the filling bodies at different heights, the filling cost is minimized while ensuring the strength of the filling bodies.

[0020] In some embodiments, after filling, the top plate of the filled step is supported by a combination of anchor rods, anchor cables and shotcrete.

[0021] In this embodiment, after filling, the adjacent bench sections to be mined are further supported. Through the comprehensive application of filling and support technologies, the stability of the ore body during the mining process is ensured, the operation safety is effectively enhanced, and the stability of the disk area is ensured.

[0022] In some embodiments, the length of the anchor rod is 2-3m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods is 1-1.5m; the length of the anchor cable is 10-15m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor cables is 2-3m; and the thickness of the concrete layer is 50-100mm.

[0023] In this embodiment, the support effect is improved by reasonably setting the length and spacing of the anchor rods, the length and spacing of the anchor cables, and the thickness of the concrete layer.

[0024] In some embodiments, the blasting of the pressure relief holes adopts micro-difference blasting technology, and the charge amount of a single hole is 5-10 kg / m.

[0025] In this embodiment, the blasting of the pressure relief hole is achieved by using the micro-difference blasting technology, which can prolong the energy transfer time during the blasting process and improve the blasting effect.

[0026] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the panel is 500-1000m 2 .

[0027] In this embodiment, by reasonably setting the area of ​​the panel, it is avoided that the panel area is too large and causes instability in the mining process; at the same time, it is avoided that the panel area is too small and affects the mining efficiency.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The present invention first divides the pan area according to the stress distribution of the ore body and the degree of ore body fragmentation, accurately grasps the ore body information of the pan area, and divides the pan area into different steps; then, a number of pressure relief holes along the height direction of the step and with a depth greater than the step height are set in the step to improve the stress release effect and perform "advanced pressure relief" for the lower or deep ore body; then, medium-deep hole blasting technology is used to recover the step to improve mining efficiency, and filling is carried out after the step recovery is completed to further improve the safety of the ore body and provide favorable conditions for the subsequent recovery of the step and pan area.

[0030] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in this application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the integrated mining method of high-stress fractured ore body panel bench unloading and medium-deep hole filling in the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the division of panels and stair sections in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the pressure relief holes and the medium-deep holes in the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the tunnel support structure;

[0036] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the drilling casing stress relief method;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of dynamic monitoring and adjustment; Figure 6 a is the layout diagram of the detection equipment for real-time monitoring of the stress release of the ore body after blasting; Figure 6 b is Figure 6 a Flowchart of data evaluation of detected data;

[0038] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-panel area; 2-step section; 3-pressure relief hole; 4-medium-deep hole; 5-anchor rod; 6-anchor cable; 7-concrete layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0041] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application.

[0043] In order to solve the technical problems of poor pressure relief effect and poor operation safety during the mining of high-stress and broken ore bodies, the present application provides an integrated mining method of step-by-step pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling in the pan area of ​​high-stress and broken ore bodies. Through the organic combination of step-by-step pressure relief, medium-deep hole mining and filling technology, safe, efficient, low-cost and large-scale mining of high-stress and highly broken ore bodies is achieved, thereby improving the supply guarantee capacity of metal mineral resources.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an integrated mining method for high-stress fractured ore body plate bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. According to the stress distribution of the mine to be mined and the degree of ore body fragmentation, the ore body is divided into a stable area and a fragmented area, and then the fragmented area is mined: the fragmented area is divided into several disk areas 1 (i.e. Figure 2P1, P2, P3, P4); Divide the panel area 1 into several steps 2 (i.e. Figure 2 L1, L2, and L3 in the middle); mining is carried out in units of Bench 2. Specifically, the orebody stress distribution is determined through on-site in-situ rock stress relief testing to determine the in-situ rock stress field distribution pattern. The degree of orebody fragmentation is determined through on-site engineering geological surveys, rock mechanics testing, and theoretical analysis, which allows for the delineation of fractured and stable zones. When demarcating Bench 2, priority is given to the orebody's principal stress direction and fracture zone distribution to ensure that the division of Bench 2 matches the orebody structure.

[0046] S2. Set up several pressure relief holes 3 along the height of the bench 2 to be mined, with the depth of the pressure relief holes 3 being greater than the height of the bench 2; blast the pressure relief holes 3 to release stress. Specifically, first, in a high-stress fractured ore body, stress concentration is usually not limited to the currently mined bench 2, but may also extend to the lower or deeper ore bodies. The deeper pressure relief holes 3 can cover a wider range of stress concentration areas, not only effectively releasing stress in the currently mined bench 2, but also achieving "advanced pressure relief" in the lower or deeper ore bodies, providing safety for subsequent mining operations. Secondly, the deeper pressure relief holes 3 can transfer energy to the deeper ore body during blasting, expanding the stress release range, while ensuring a more uniform stress release effect after blasting, avoiding local stress concentration, and achieving better blasting results. Finally, because the stress distribution range of high-stress fractured ore bodies is wide, the fracture zone may extend to a deep depth. The deeper pressure relief holes 3 can penetrate multiple fracture zones, releasing stress at a deeper level, further improving the stress release effect and enhancing the safety of mining.

[0047] S3. Use medium-long hole blasting to mine bench 2 and fill the goaf. Specifically, backfilling is performed immediately after bench 2 is mined. The presence of backfill provides more stable and safer mining conditions for adjacent benches 2 and the entire ore body, thereby allowing more ore to be mined, maximizing ore recovery and effectively reducing resource waste. After stress relief in bench 2 ensures ore body stability, high-efficiency medium-long hole blasting is used to mine bench 2, improving mining efficiency.

[0048] S4. Mining the remaining benches 2 within the panel area 1; mining the remaining panel areas 1. Specifically, during the mining process of panel area 1, the bench mining method is adopted, and steps S2-S3 are repeated in sequence to gradually mine each bench 2 and panel area 1 until the mining of the entire ore body is completed. During the mining process of panel area 1, it is necessary to monitor the stress and deformation of the ore body in real time, and adjust the mining and filling parameters in time according to the monitoring results to ensure the safe and efficient mining operation. When mining other benches 2, if there is already a pressure relief hole 3 in the bench 2, there is no need to perform a pressure relief operation.

[0049] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the disk area 1 is first divided according to the stress distribution and the degree of ore body fragmentation, the ore body information of the disk area 1 is accurately grasped, and the disk area 1 is divided into different steps 2; then, a number of pressure relief holes 3 are set in the step 2 along the height direction of the step 2 and with a depth greater than the height of the step 2 to improve the stress release effect and perform "advanced pressure relief" for the lower or deep ore body, that is, through the mutual coordination of the height of the step 2 and the depth of the pressure relief hole 3, efficient and safe mining is achieved; then, medium-deep hole blasting technology is used to mine the step 2, which greatly reduces the number of mining operations and improves mining efficiency. After the step 2 is mined, filling is performed to further improve the safety of the ore body and provide favorable conditions for the subsequent mining of the step 2 and the disk area 1; finally, the safe and efficient mining of the remaining steps 2 and the remaining disk area 1 is achieved. That is, the present application realizes the safe, efficient, low-cost, large-scale mining of high-stress and highly fragmented ore bodies through the organic combination of step pressure relief, medium-deep hole mining and filling technology, thereby improving the supply guarantee capacity of metal mineral resources.

[0050] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 is 5-40 m deeper than the height of the step 2 .

[0051] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the difference between the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 and the height of the step 2, the length of the "advanced pressure relief" can be reasonably controlled, and the stress release of the currently mined step 2 and the lower or deep ore body can be achieved at the same time, and the stress release effect after blasting can be ensured to be more uniform, thereby achieving a better blasting effect.

[0052] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the height of the bench 2 is 10-15 meters, and the depth of the pressure relief hole 3 is 20-50 meters. Specifically, the height of the bench 2 refers to the height of each vertical segment dividing the ore body within the panel 1. The upper portion of the pressure relief hole 3, i.e., a distance of 10-15 meters, covers the currently mined bench 2, thereby effectively relieving stress in the currently mined bench 2. The lower portion of the pressure relief hole 3, i.e., a distance of 15-50 meters, covers the lower bench 2, achieving advanced pressure relief in the lower bench 2 and creating safe conditions for subsequent mining operations.

[0053] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, by setting the height of step 2 to 10-15 meters, it can accommodate the operating range of most mining equipment (such as drilling rigs and scrapers), helping to ensure mining efficiency. On the other hand, if the height of step 2 is too high, it increases the risk of surrounding rock instability, while if it is too low, it increases the number of mining operations and reduces efficiency. A reasonable step 2 height not only maintains the stability of the surrounding rock but also maximizes resource recovery and reduces ore waste. By setting the depth of pressure relief hole 3 to 20-50 meters, the deeper pressure relief hole 3 promotes uniform stress release throughout the ore body, effectively avoiding safety hazards such as rock bursts or roof falls caused by localized stress concentration, and providing a safe environment for mining operations. The height of step 2 determines the segmentation range of mining operations and the operating capacity of the equipment, while the depth of pressure relief hole 3 determines the range and effectiveness of stress release. The coordinated cooperation between step 2 and pressure relief hole 3 enables safe and efficient mining of the ore body.

[0054] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in a fan-shaped or parallel arrangement; when the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel, the pressure relief holes 3 in adjacent rows are staggered, and the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes 3 in each row is 5-10m. Specifically, the specific arrangement of the pressure relief holes 3 depends on the ore body structure and stress distribution. When the stress distribution of the ore body is uneven, the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in a fan-shaped structure, and the medium-deep holes 4 are also arranged in a fan-shaped structure; when the stress distribution of the ore body is relatively uniform, the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel. Figure 3 As shown, when the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel, the arrangement of the different pressure relief holes 3 is consistent with the principal stress direction of the ore body. Figure 3 The direction indicated by the middle arrow is the direction of the principal stress in the ore body. When the ore body is tilted, the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged at an angle to accommodate the ore body's inclination, ensuring coverage of the entire stress concentration area. The spacing of the pressure relief holes 3 depends on the degree of stress concentration and fragmentation in the ore body. For areas with high stress concentration, the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes 3 in each row is generally 5 meters; for areas with lower stress, the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes 3 in each row is generally 10 meters.

[0055] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by rationally arranging the arrangement of the pressure relief holes 3, blasting can be better achieved, thereby better releasing the concentrated stress in the ore body, creating a safer environment for mining, and ensuring the safety and efficiency of subsequent mining operations.

[0056] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the medium-long hole blasting adopts segmented blasting, and the length of each blasting segment is 5-10m; the depth of the medium-long hole 4 is 20-50m, and the hole diameter is 100-150mm; Figure 3As shown, when the pressure relief holes 3 are arranged in parallel, the medium-depth holes 4 are located between adjacent pressure relief holes 3. Specifically, during the actual blasting process, blasting parameters are optimized based on the stress state and degree of fragmentation of the ore body, and the length of the staged blasting is dynamically adjusted to ensure optimal efficiency and safety in mining operations. Trackless transport equipment (such as scrapers and trucks) is used to transport the ore to the surface or to a centralized transfer point.

[0057] In the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, medium- and long-hole blasting employs segmented blasting, with each segment length controlled to 5-10 meters. This achieves uniform distribution of blasting energy and avoids localized excessive blasting energy that can cause surrounding rock instability. Furthermore, segmented blasting reduces the impact of blasting vibrations on the surrounding rock, improving mining safety. Furthermore, segmented blasting reduces the amount of ore removed per blast, improving mining efficiency and resource recovery.

[0058] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the depth of the medium-deep hole 4 is set to 20-50m. This deeper borehole can cover a wider range of stress concentration areas, penetrate multiple fracture zones, and ensure sufficient stress release. This means that the coordinated cooperation between the pressure relief hole 3 and the medium-deep hole 4 effectively achieves stress release. Furthermore, the deeper borehole reduces drilling times, improves mining efficiency, and effectively integrates with modern mining equipment (such as drilling rigs). Furthermore, the depth of the medium-deep hole 4 exceeds the height of the current mining bench 2, enabling advanced pressure relief and ensuring safety for subsequent mining operations.

[0059] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the diameter of the medium-deep hole 4 is set to 100-150 mm. This larger diameter can accommodate a sufficient amount of explosives, improve the efficiency of blasting energy transfer, and expand the stress release range. This diameter not only meets the requirements for blasting effect and explosive charge, but also enables efficient drilling by modern rock drilling equipment, reducing the risk of hole collapse during the drilling process. This diameter matches the capabilities of the drilling equipment and ensures drilling stability. Furthermore, the larger diameter improves blasting effect, reduces the number of blasting attempts, and thus reduces drilling costs and improves mining efficiency.

[0060] Furthermore, in this embodiment, by optimizing the arrangement of the pressure relief holes 3 and the medium-depth holes 4, the costs of blasting and support are reduced, and the economic benefits are improved.

[0061] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the upper 0.5m and lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m) of the goaf are filled with high-strength tailings cementing materials. The strength of the upper 0.5m filling body is 3-4MPa, and the strength of the lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m) m filling body is 4-5MPa; the strength of the filling body in the middle is lower than the strength of the upper and lower filling bodies. Specifically, after the mining of step 2 is completed and a false bottom is set at the bottom of the goaf, preparations for filling begin: first, a filling retaining wall is constructed on each step 2, and the mining site is sealed to prevent the loss of filling slurry during the filling process; then, a water filtration facility is installed on the filling retaining wall to promptly drain the moisture of the filling slurry inside the goaf to prevent water accumulation and reduce the pressure at the bottom of the filling body. During backfilling, high-strength backfill is used at the bottom and top, while the strength of the middle section can be appropriately reduced. High-strength tailings cementing materials are used in the upper 0.5m and lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m). The strength of the top 0.5m backfill is 3-4MPa, the strength of the lower 5-6m (some mines even reach 8-10m) backfill is 4-5MPa, and the strength of the middle backfill should reach 1MPa. The backfilling process is carried out in stages. Initially, the height of the backfill slurry must be strictly controlled to ensure the stability of the retaining wall. The initial backfill height is controlled within 1.5m, and backfilling continues after the backfill solidifies. After the backfill surface exceeds the highest point of the retaining wall, the backfill height is controlled within 2.5m, with the principle of preventing water accumulation. Only after the backfill reaches a certain strength can adjacent bench sections 2 be mined, and mining on both sides of the backfill must not be carried out simultaneously to reduce vibration damage.

[0062] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the strength of the filling body at different heights, the filling cost is minimized while ensuring the strength of the filling body.

[0063] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after filling, anchor rods 5 are used to support the top plate of the filled stair section 2. Specifically, when the distance from the top plate of the empty area to the filling is about 3m, the empty area is entered and anchor rods 5 are used to support the top plate of the stair section 2. After the support is completed, Figure 4 As shown, the tunnel is supported by a combined support method of anchor rods 5, anchor cables 6 and shotcrete.

[0064] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the roof is further supported after filling. Through the comprehensive application of filling and support technology, the stability of the ore body during the mining process is ensured, the operation safety is effectively enhanced, and the stability of the disk area is ensured.

[0065] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the length of the anchor rod 5 is 2-3 m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods 5 is 1-1.5 m; the length of the anchor cable 6 is 10-15 m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor cables 6 is 2-3 m; and the thickness of the concrete layer 7 is 50-100 mm.

[0066] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the local stability of the ore body is enhanced by using anchor rods 5 with a length of 2-3m and a spacing of 1-1.5m for support; the overall stability of the ore body is further enhanced by using anchor cables 6 with a length of 10-15m and a spacing of 2-3m for support. In addition, sprayed concrete support is also applied, and the thickness of the concrete layer 7 reaches 50-100mm, forming a solid support layer that effectively prevents deformation of the surrounding rock. By reasonably setting the length and spacing of the anchor rods 5, the length and spacing of the anchor cables 6, and the thickness of the concrete layer 7, the stability of the ore body is significantly enhanced, safety accidents are reduced, the safety of mining operations is improved, and the support cost is reduced.

[0067] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the blasting of the pressure relief hole 3 adopts micro-difference blasting technology, and the charge of a single hole is 5-10 kg / m. Specifically, the blasting parameters are determined according to the stress state and the degree of fragmentation of the ore body. The specific rock drilling blasting parameters can also be determined by blasting funnel experiments, empirical formulas and theoretical analysis before blasting. Figure 6 As shown in a, after blasting, stress monitoring equipment (such as stress gauges, microseismic monitoring systems) is used to monitor the stress release of the ore body in real time to ensure the pressure relief effect. Figure 6 As shown in b, the pressure relief effect is evaluated based on the monitoring data, and secondary blasting or adjustment of blasting parameters are carried out when necessary.

[0068] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the blasting of pressure relief holes 3 is achieved through micro-difference blasting technology, which can prolong the energy transfer time during the blasting process and improve the blasting effect. By innovatively introducing stress monitoring equipment, such as strain gauges and microseismic monitoring systems, real-time monitoring of ore body stress changes is achieved. Based on the monitoring data, the layout of pressure relief holes 3 and blasting parameters are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the pressure relief effect meets the design requirements. This improves the stability and reliability of the pressure relief effect, enables real-time monitoring of ore body stress changes, and timely adjustment of mining and filling parameters to ensure the safe conduct of mining operations.

[0069] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the area of ​​disk area 1 is 500-1000m 2 .

[0070] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by reasonably setting the area of ​​the disk area 1, it is avoided that the area of ​​the disk area 1 is too large and causes instability in the mining process; at the same time, it is avoided that the disk area 1 is too small and affects the mining efficiency.

[0071] Furthermore, in some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the on-site in-situ rock stress relief test is as follows:

[0072] A borehole is drilled at an appropriate location within the ore body to conduct a borehole stress relief test. This test measures the magnitude and orientation of the in-situ rock stress field at different elevations. Through on-site in-situ rock stress testing, the changing patterns of mine stress can be understood, and areas of high stress concentration as well as the distribution and magnitude of the ore body's in-situ stress field can be determined. The borehole stress relief test utilizes the core-drilling stress relief method.

[0073] The borehole core stress relief method involves drilling a large hole with a diameter of 130 mm at the in-situ stress measurement point. The hole depth is 2-3 times the cross-sectional diameter of the chamber or tunnel. The bottom of the hole is ground flat and a trumpet hole is drilled at the bottom of the hole to serve as a guide. A small measuring hole with a diameter of 36-38 mm and a depth of approximately 60 cm is drilled in the center of the large hole. A measuring probe is then installed in the small measuring hole. The probe lead is connected to the measuring instrument outside the hole to measure the initial stress value. If relative stress values ​​are required, the probe value is measured again at intervals to obtain a stress curve over time.

[0074] If absolute stress values ​​are required, a 130mm diameter drill bit is drilled concentrically outside the small measurement hole to create a stress relief groove. During drilling, a wire is passed through the center of the drill pipe and led out from the water joint to the measuring instrument to monitor changes during the relief process. As the stress relief groove deepens, the core is gradually isolated from the external stress field, the core undergoes elastic recovery, and the instrument reading changes accordingly. Drilling is stopped until the instrument reading no longer changes.

[0075] In summary, this application uses a step-by-step pressure relief method to reduce the stress concentration of the ore body by more than 50%, significantly reduce the risks of rock burst and roof collapse, and achieve a significant pressure relief effect; on this basis, through medium and deep hole blasting technology, the mining efficiency is increased by more than 30%, and the resource recovery rate is also increased by more than 20%; through the combination of filling and support technology, the stability of the ore body is significantly enhanced, the occurrence rate of safety accidents is reduced by more than 80%, and safety is greatly enhanced; by optimizing the layout of pressure relief holes and mining holes, the blasting and support costs are reduced by more than 20%, and the overall economic benefits are significantly improved.

[0076] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments having substantially the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, any other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art and that combine some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A mining method integrating high-stress fractured ore body plate section pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the ore body into a stable zone and a broken zone according to the stress distribution and the degree of ore body fragmentation of the mine to be mined; divide the broken zone into a plurality of pans; divide the pans into a plurality of steps; and mine the ore in the steps; S2. Setting a plurality of pressure relief holes in the currently mined step along the height direction of the step, wherein the depth of the pressure relief holes is greater than the height of the step; blasting the pressure relief holes to release stress; S3. Using medium-long hole blasting technology to mine the bench section and fill the goaf; S4, mining the remaining benches in the panel area; mining the remaining panel areas; The height of the step is 10-15m; the depth of the pressure relief holes is 20-50m, and the pressure relief holes are arranged in a fan-shaped or parallel manner; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the pressure relief holes in adjacent rows are staggered, and the spacing between adjacent pressure relief holes in each row is 5-10m; When the stress distribution of the ore body is uneven, the pressure relief holes are arranged in a fan-shaped structure, and the medium-deep holes are also arranged in a fan-shaped structure; when the stress distribution of the ore body is relatively uniform, the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, and the arrangement of different pressure relief holes is consistent with the main stress direction of the ore body; The medium-deep hole blasting adopts segmented blasting, with each blasting section being 5-10m long; the depth of the medium-deep hole is 20-50m and the hole diameter is 100-150mm; when the pressure relief holes are arranged in parallel, the medium-deep hole is arranged between adjacent pressure relief holes; When filling the goaf, high-strength filling bodies are used at the bottom and top, and the strength of the middle part is reduced, so that the upper 0.5m and the lower 5m-6m are made of high-strength tailings cementing materials. The strength of the upper 0.5m filling body is 3MPa-4MPa, the strength of the lower 5m-6m filling body is 4MPa-5MPa, and the strength of the middle filling body should reach 1MPa; the filling process is carried out in stages. In the initial filling stage, the rising height of the filling slurry needs to be strictly controlled to ensure the stability of the retaining wall. The initial filling height is controlled within 1.5m, and filling is continued after the filling body solidifies; after the filling surface exceeds the highest point of the retaining wall, the filling height is controlled within 2.5m, with the principle of no water accumulation; after the filling body reaches a certain strength, the adjacent bench sections can be mined.

2. The integrated mining method of high stress crushing ore body plate bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After filling, the top plate of the filled step section is supported by a combination of anchor rods, anchor cables and shotcrete.

3. The integrated mining method of high stress crushing ore body plate bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The length of the anchor rod is 2-3m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods is 1-1.5m; the length of the anchor cable is 10-15m, and the spacing between adjacent anchor cables is 2-3m; the thickness of the concrete layer is 50-100mm.

4. The integrated mining method of high stress crushing ore body plate bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The blasting of the pressure relief holes adopts the micro-difference blasting technology, and the charge amount of a single hole is 5-10kg / m.

5. The integrated mining method of high stress crushing ore body plate bench pressure relief and medium-deep hole filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The area of ​​the panel is 500-1000m 2 .

Images