Multifunctional bearing bush friction wear test bench and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench which comprises a rack, a driving module, a loading module, a measuring module, a control module and a safety and auxiliary module. The machine frame is composed of a main platform and an auxiliary vertical frame, and the auxiliary vertical frame is located on one side of the main platform. A water tank is arranged on the middle layer of the auxiliary vertical frame, and the output end of the main shaft penetrates through a hole in the side wall of the water tank to be connected with a sample neck bush in the tank. The driving module is integrated on the main platform and comprises a rotating system and a swinging system; the loading module comprises a vertical loading cylinder and a transverse loading cylinder, the vertical loading cylinder is arranged at the top end of the auxiliary vertical frame, and the transverse loading cylinder is mounted on the side wall of the auxiliary vertical frame; the measuring module is composed of an encoder, a grating ruler and a sensor, the grating ruler is fixed to the inner side wall of the auxiliary vertical frame through a mounting plate, and the front end of the grating ruler is in linkage with the vertical pressurizing head through a sliding block mounting plate. According to the invention, intermittent small-angle swing, multidirectional stress swing and fluctuating load working conditions can be accurately simulated, and the simulation degree and the measurement precision of a friction wear test are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dam flood control, and particularly to a multi-functional bearing bush friction and wear test bench and a usage method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the increasingly stringent requirements for the performance of bearing bushes in industrial equipment, friction and wear test equipment needs to accurately simulate actual working conditions to obtain reliable data.

[0003] 1. Comparative document CN106370591A discloses a bearing bush lubrication and friction and wear characteristic testing machine, and its protected scope is "including a servo motor, a first coupling, a torque sensor, a second coupling, a test main shaft, a first main shaft support seat, a test bearing bush, a second main shaft support seat, and a connecting rod; the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to one end of the torque sensor through the first coupling, and the other end of the torque sensor is connected to the test main shaft through the second coupling; the test main shaft is arranged on the first main shaft support seat and the second main shaft support seat through rolling bearings; the connecting rod is arranged between the first main shaft support seat and the second main shaft support seat; the test bearing bush is installed in the end hole at one end of the connecting rod and forms a friction pair with the test main shaft to perform relative rotational motion. The present invention can quickly test the friction coefficient, oil film thickness, and oil film pressure between the test bearing bush and the test main shaft under different lubricating oil temperatures and different loads as the rotational speed of the test main shaft changes, and perform start-stop tests." However, it is limited to unidirectional rotation and constant load loading, and it is difficult to simulate complex working conditions such as heavy load, low linear speed, and frequent forward and reverse rotations; 2. Comparative document CN112782024B discloses a friction and wear test device for self-adaptive contact of bearing bushes, and its protected scope is "relating to the field of bearing bush friction and wear experimental test equipment, mainly composed of a motor, a coupling, a torque sensor, a slip ring, a transmission shaft, a turntable, a linear bearing, a slide bar, a spherical rod joint bearing, a expansion sleeve, a radial spherical plain bearing, a bearing bush fixture, a triangular block, a force transmission plate, a cylinder, etc. The sliding friction exists between the ring specimen and the bearing bush specimen in the device. By adding a self-adaptive contact device, the ring specimen and the bearing bush specimen can achieve full-time stable contact, overcome the eccentric wear phenomenon, and improve the accuracy of the friction and wear test results; by adding springs at the triangular blocks supporting the bearing bush fixture, the stability of the device during loading and unloading is improved; by opening oil ports at different height positions of the bearing bush fixture, the adaptability of the friction and wear test under various lubricating oil amounts is improved; by simplifying the device and reducing the volume, the easy assembly and green economy of the test device are improved." Although the eccentric wear problem is reduced through mechanical structure optimization, it still mainly uses a single rotation mode and lacks the ability of multi-directional dynamic loading.

[0004] The main problems of the prior art are as follows: 1. Single drive mode: Traditional devices rely on continuous rotation for driving and cannot reproduce the intermittent swinging in actual scenarios (such as ship rudders and turbine guide vanes), resulting in a disconnection between test results and real working conditions. 2. Limited loading method: Most devices only support static or simple dynamic loading in the vertical direction and cannot simulate multi-directional forces (such as the coupling of supporting force and external thrust), affecting the accuracy of measured values of friction coefficient and wear. 3. Insufficient data depth: The sensor integration is low, and the real-time monitoring and analysis capabilities for dynamic waveform loading (such as random waves and sine waves) are weak, making it difficult to capture the transient friction characteristics under complex working conditions. 4. Poor device flexibility: The structure design is fixed, and switching test modes requires complex mechanical adjustments, resulting in high maintenance costs and low efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, a multi-functional bearing bush friction and wear test bench and its usage method are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a multi-functional bearing bush friction and wear test bench for the above problems, which includes a frame, a drive module, a loading module, a measurement module, a control module, and a safety and auxiliary module; the frame includes a main platform and a secondary vertical frame, the secondary vertical frame is arranged on one side of the main platform, the middle layer of the secondary vertical frame is at the same height as the main platform, a main shaft is provided on the table surface of the main platform near one end of the secondary vertical frame, a water tank is provided in the middle layer of the secondary vertical frame, the top of the water tank is open, and the output end of the main shaft extends into the tank through an opening in the side wall of the water tank and is connected to the specimen inner bush; the drive module is arranged on the main platform and includes a rotation system and a swinging system; the loading module includes a vertical loading cylinder and a horizontal loading cylinder, the vertical loading cylinder is arranged at the top of the secondary vertical frame, and the horizontal loading cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the secondary vertical frame; the measurement module includes an encoder, a grating scale, and sensors, the grating scale is fixed on the inner side wall of the secondary vertical frame through a mounting plate, and the front end of the grating scale is connected to the vertical pressure head through a slider mounting plate; the safety and auxiliary module includes a flexible sealing member and an interlocking safety switch.

[0007] Preferably, the swinging system includes a swinging cylinder and a swing arm, the swinging cylinder is fixed on the bottom cross beam of the main platform through a double-ear tail top base, the driving end of the swinging cylinder is connected to one end of the swing arm, the other end of the swing arm is connected to the input end of the main shaft, and an encoder is provided on the rear wall of the end where the swing arm is connected to the main shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the horizontal loading cylinder is arranged on the side of the secondary vertical frame through a fixing plate, the driving end of the horizontal loading cylinder is connected to the end of the side pressure head, the side pressure head extends into the tank through the side wall of the water tank, and the horizontal loading cylinder adjusts the air pressure through an electro-hydraulic proportional valve.

[0009] Preferably, the vertical loading cylinder is arranged upside down at the top of the secondary vertical frame. A vertical pressure head is provided at the driving end of the vertical loading cylinder. The front end of the grating ruler is connected to the tail end of the vertical pressure head through a slider mounting plate.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor includes a pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and both the pressure sensor and the torque sensor are embedded in the specimen inner lining sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the flexible sealing member includes a water seal dynamic ring, a watertight ring and a water valve. A water valve for water inlet and outlet is provided on the side wall opposite to the side wall where the water tank is connected to the main shaft. The side pressure head extends into the tank through an opening in the side wall of the water tank. A water seal dynamic ring is provided at the connection between the main shaft and the side wall of the water tank, and a watertight ring is provided at the connection between the side pressure head and the side wall of the water tank.

[0012] Preferably, the control module includes an industrial control computer and a PLC, which are used to control the overall operation of the test bench.

[0013] Preferably, the rotation system includes a motor and a gearbox. The motor is installed on one side of the main platform through a triangular support frame. The driving end of the motor is connected to the input end of the gearbox through an input coupling, and the output end of the gearbox is connected to the input end of the main shaft through a detachable elastic coupling.

[0014] In addition, the present invention also discloses a use method of a multi-functional bearing bush friction and wear test bench, including the following steps: Step 1, specimen installation: Polish the specimen inner lining sleeve to the specified roughness, install the specimen into the bearing bush fixture, lock the retaining pin and the locking fixture to ensure that the circumferential positioning groove is aligned with the positioning block; Step 2, mode switching: Select the rotation system or the swing system as the driving connection according to the test conditions; Step 3, parameter setting: Input specimen parameters through the industrial control computer, set the test mode, load waveform, set the data recording frequency and storage path; Step 4, loading and starting: Adjust the vertical loading, rotate the pressure regulating valve, adjust the vertical load to the target value, set the horizontal dynamic load, and start the test; Step 5, real-time monitoring: Observe the friction coefficient curve and temperature change through the industrial control computer; Step 6, test end and maintenance: After the test is completed, turn off the power supply, disassemble the specimen, take out the grating ruler to read the measured wear amount of the specimen, and maintain the equipment.

[0015] Furthermore, when conducting the immersion test, after installing the specimen in Step 1, add water into the water tank to the specified height through the water valve according to the test requirements.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention improves the simulation degree: the cylinder can push the main shaft that grinds against the bearing bush through the connecting rod to rotate, simulating intermittent, reciprocating, and small-angle swinging, and simulating the influence of wave forces such as waves on the friction condition and wear resistance.

[0017] 2. The present invention improves the accuracy of test results: the test bench adopts a fluctuating loading method to simulate bi-directional dynamic loading, which is closer to complex working conditions; 3. The present invention realizes friction and wear tests of various friction types: the test bench can simulate various working conditions and various application scenarios, with wide applicability. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the present invention under the swinging working condition; Figure 2 It is a front-view sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention under the swinging working condition; Figure 3 It is a planar structural schematic diagram of the present invention under the swinging working condition; Figure 4 It is a side view of the structure on one side of the auxiliary upright frame of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a side-view sectional view of the main platform of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a front-view sectional view of the present invention under the rotating working condition; Figure 7 It is a planar structural schematic diagram of the present invention under the rotating working condition. Detailed Embodiments

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments: See Figures 1 to 5, a multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench, comprising a frame, a driving module, a loading module, a measuring module, a control module, and a safety and auxiliary module; the frame includes a main platform 1 and a secondary vertical frame 2, the secondary vertical frame 2 is arranged on one side of the main platform 1, the middle layer of the secondary vertical frame 2 is at the same height as the main platform 1, a main shaft 3 is provided on the tabletop of the main platform 1 near one end of the secondary vertical frame 2, a water tank 6 is provided in the middle layer of the secondary vertical frame 2, the top of the water tank 6 is open, and the output end of the main shaft 3 extends into the tank through an opening in the side wall of the water tank 6 and is connected to the specimen inner lining sleeve 20; the driving module is arranged on the main platform 1 and includes a rotation system and a swing system, which respectively realize the functions of continuous rotation and reciprocating swing; the loading module includes a vertical loading cylinder 8 and a horizontal loading cylinder 4, the vertical loading cylinder 8 is arranged at the top of the secondary vertical frame 2, the horizontal loading cylinder 4 is arranged on the side wall of the secondary vertical frame 2, and can apply multi-directional dynamic loads; the measuring module includes an encoder 13, a grating scale 7 and sensors, the grating scale 7 is fixed on the inner side wall of the secondary vertical frame 2 through a mounting plate, and the front end of the grating scale 7 is connected to the vertical pressure head 9 through a slider mounting plate to monitor the deformation and motion parameters in real time; the safety and auxiliary module includes a flexible sealing member and a linkage safety switch, which can prevent water tank leakage and realize emergency stop protection.

[0020] Embodiment 1 shows the connection of each module under the swing condition. The swing system includes a swing cylinder 10 and a swing arm 11. The swing cylinder 10 is fixed on the bottom cross beam of the main platform 1 through a double-ear tail top base. The driving end of the swing cylinder 10 is connected to one end of the swing arm 11, and the other end of the swing arm 11 is connected to the input end of the main shaft 3. An encoder 13 is provided on the rear wall of the swing arm 11 at the connection end with the main shaft 3. The swing cylinder 10 is connected to the front end of the swing arm 11 through a pin shaft, and the rear end of the swing arm 11 is fixed to the main shaft through a swivel joint to realize ±15° reciprocating swing; the encoder 13 is installed at the end of the main shaft to monitor the swing angle accuracy of ±0.1° and the linear velocity in real time.

[0021] Preferably, the horizontal loading cylinder 4 is arranged on the side of the secondary vertical frame 2 through a fixing plate. The driving end of the horizontal loading cylinder 4 is connected to the tail end of the side pressure head 5. The side pressure head 5 extends into the tank through the side wall of the water tank 6. The horizontal loading cylinder 4 adjusts the air pressure through an electro-hydraulic proportional valve.

[0022] Preferably, the vertical loading cylinder 8 is arranged upside down at the top of the secondary vertical frame 2. The driving end of the vertical loading cylinder 8 is provided with a vertical pressure head 9. The front end of the grating scale 7 is connected to the tail end of the vertical pressure head 9 through a slider mounting plate.

[0023] Preferably, the sensors include a pressure sensor and a torque sensor. Both the pressure sensor and the torque sensor are embedded in the specimen inner lining sleeve 20. Embedded in the specimen inner lining sleeve 20, the torque sensor is used to measure the torque in the rotation mode, and the force sensor is used to measure the torque in the swing mode.

[0024] Preferably, the flexible sealing member includes a water-sealing dynamic ring 14, a watertight ring 15, and a water valve 6.1. A water valve 6.1 for water inlet and outlet is provided on the side wall of the water tank 6 opposite to the side wall connected to the main shaft 6. The side pressure head 5 extends into the tank through an opening in the side wall of the water tank 6. A water-sealing dynamic ring 14 is provided at the connection between the main shaft 3 and the side wall of the water tank 6, and a watertight ring 15 is provided at the connection between the side pressure head 5 and the side wall of the water tank 6. The flexible sealing member uses fluororubber oil seal to prevent liquid leakage. Preferably, the control module includes an industrial control computer and a PLC, which are used to control the overall operation of the test bench. The control logic flow of the control module is as follows: First, signal input: The industrial control computer receives the output signals of each detection module through a data acquisition card, such as pressure, temperature, displacement, angle, etc., and the display screen real-time displays parameters such as friction coefficient, load, deformation, etc.; Second, parameter setting through the industrial control computer: The user sets test modes, load waveforms, such as sine or random waves, rotation speed, swing frequency, loading force, etc. under rotational or swing conditions through the industrial control interface; After the setting is completed, command issuance: The industrial control computer transmits the set parameters to the PLC, and the PLC parses the command and controls the actuator: When the rotation condition is selected: The PLC adjusts the motor speed and gearbox gear through a frequency converter; When the swing condition is selected: The PLC controls the swing cylinder to act through a solenoid valve to adjust the swing angle and frequency; Then, load control: The PLC adjusts the electro-hydraulic proportional valve to achieve dynamic load loading, such as a sine wave amplitude of 10 kN; Feedback and adjustment during operation: The sensor real-time feeds back data to the industrial control computer. If the parameters exceed the limit, such as temperature > 150 °C, the PLC triggers an emergency stop protection; Finally, data storage: The industrial control computer records the test data and generates curves, supporting historical data backtracking and export.

[0025] See Figures 4 to 7 As shown, Embodiment 2 shows the connection of each module under the rotation condition. The rotation system includes a motor 16 and a gearbox 17. The motor 16 is installed on one side of the main platform 1 through a triangular support frame 17. The driving end of the motor 16 is connected to the input end of the gearbox 17 through an input coupling 18, and the output end of the gearbox 17 is connected to the input end of the main shaft through a detachable elastic coupling 19.

[0026] In addition, the present invention also discloses a usage method of a multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench, including the following steps: Step 1: Specimen installation, polish the specimen lining bush to the specified roughness, install the specimen into the bearing bush fixture, lock the retaining pin and the locking fixture, and ensure that the circumferential positioning groove is aligned with the positioning block; Step 2: Mode switching, select the rotation system or the swing system as the driving connection according to the test conditions. Step 3: Parameter setting, input specimen parameters through the industrial control computer, set the test mode, load waveform, set the data recording frequency and storage path. Step 4. Loading and starting, vertical load adjustment, rotate the pressure regulating valve to adjust the vertical load to the target value, set the horizontal dynamic load, and start the test; Step 5. Real-time monitoring, observe the friction coefficient curve and temperature change through the industrial control computer; Step 6. Test end and maintenance, after the test is completed, turn off the power, disassemble the specimen, take out the grating scale 7 to read the measured wear amount of the specimen, and maintain the equipment.

[0027] Furthermore, when conducting the immersion test, after installing the specimen in Step 1, add water to the water tank 6 to the specified height through the water valve 6.1 according to the test requirements.

[0028] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations to the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, the equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench, characterized in that: It includes a frame, a driving module, a loading module, a measuring module, a control module and a safety and auxiliary module; the frame includes a main platform and a sub-frame, the sub-frame is arranged on one side of the main platform, the middle layer of the sub-frame is consistent in height with the main platform, a main shaft is installed on the table surface of one end of the main platform close to the sub-frame through a bearing seat, a water tank is arranged in the middle layer of the sub-frame, the top of the water tank is open, the output end of the main shaft extends into the water tank through an opening in the side wall of the water tank and is connected with the inner sleeve of the specimen; the driving module is arranged on the main platform, including a rotating system and a swinging system; the loading module includes a vertical loading cylinder and a transverse loading cylinder, the vertical loading cylinder is arranged on the top of the sub-frame, and the transverse loading cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the sub-frame; the measuring module includes an encoder, a grating scale and a sensor, the grating scale is fixed to the inner wall of the sub-frame through a mounting plate, and the front end of the grating scale is connected to the vertical pressure head through a slider mounting plate; the safety and auxiliary module includes a flexible sealing component and a linkage safety switch.

2. The multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The swing system includes a swing cylinder and a swing arm. The swing cylinder is fixed on the bottom crossbeam of the main platform through a double-ear tail top base. The driving end of the swing cylinder is connected to one end of the swing arm, and the other end of the swing arm is connected to the input end of the main shaft. An encoder is provided on the rear wall of the end where the swing arm is connected to the main shaft.

3. The multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transverse loading cylinder is arranged on the side of the auxiliary frame through a fixing plate, the driving end of the transverse loading cylinder is connected to the tail end of the side pressure head, the side pressure head extends into the water tank through the side wall of the water tank, and the transverse loading cylinder adjusts the air pressure through an electrical proportional valve.

4. The multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical loading cylinder is invertedly arranged on the top of the auxiliary frame, a vertical pressure head is arranged at the driving end of the vertical loading cylinder, and the front end of the grating ruler is connected to the rear end of the vertical pressure head through a slider mounting plate.

5. The multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor comprises a pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and both the pressure sensor and the torque sensor are embedded in the inner sleeve of the sample.

6. The multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flexible sealing component includes a water-sealing dynamic ring, a water-tight ring and a water valve. A water valve for water in and out is provided on the side wall opposite to the side wall where the water tank is connected to the main shaft. The side pressure head extends into the tank through an opening in the side wall of the water tank. A water-sealing dynamic ring is provided at the connection between the main shaft and the side wall of the water tank, and a water-tight ring is provided at the connection between the side pressure head and the side wall of the water tank.

7. The multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control module includes an industrial computer and a PLC, which are used to control the overall operation of the test bench.

8. The multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotating system includes a motor and a gearbox. The motor is installed on one side of the main platform through a triangular support frame. The motor driving end is connected to the gearbox input end through an input coupling, and the gearbox output end is connected to the main shaft input end through a detachable elastic coupling.

9. The method for using the multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Install the sample, polish the inner bushing of the sample to the specified roughness, install the sample into the bearing fixture, lock the stop pin and the locking fixture, and ensure that the circumferential positioning groove is aligned with the positioning block; Step 2: Mode switching: select the rotating system or the swinging system as the driving connection according to the test conditions; Step 3: Parameter setting: input sample parameters through the industrial computer, set the test mode, load waveform, data recording frequency and storage path; Step 4: Loading and starting, vertical load adjustment, rotate the pressure regulating valve, adjust the vertical load to the target value, set the horizontal dynamic load, and start the test; Step 5: Real-time monitoring, observe the friction coefficient curve and temperature changes through the industrial computer; Step 6: End of test and maintenance: After the test is completed, turn off the power, disassemble the sample, take out the grating ruler to read the sample and measure the wear, and maintain the equipment.

10. The method for using the multifunctional bearing bush friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When conducting a water immersion test, after installing the sample in step one, add water to the water tank through the water valve to the specified height according to the test requirements.

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