Orthopedic surgery guide plate

Abstract

The invention discloses an orthopedic surgery guide plate, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. Comprising a positioning plate and a supporting cylinder connected to the top end face of the positioning plate, an opening mechanism and an adjusting mechanism are installed on the positioning plate and the supporting cylinder, the opening mechanism comprises a supporting plate arranged above the positioning plate, an extrusion sleeve is arranged on one side of the supporting plate, a screw is installed in the extrusion sleeve, and the supporting plate is used for opening a wound; a positioning plate is positioned on the body of a patient through fixing nails, a screw is inserted into a connecting groove, then the screw is limited and mounted through sliding columns on the two sides, the screw is rotated randomly to be clamped to a limiting clamping plate, overall positioning and mounting of the screw are completed, and then an extrusion block is driven to move downwards to move supporting plates on the two sides; therefore, the wound can be opened through the supporting plate, the wound can be directly opened on the operation guide plate, and meanwhile the follow-up screw placement operation cannot be affected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to an orthopedic surgery guide plate. Background Art

[0002] In orthopedic surgery, in order to implant screws into bones and fix the fractured or dislocated positions on the bones, a nail-insertion guide plate is required to perform guiding fixation, so as to achieve accurate nail insertion and thus the purpose of precise surgery.

[0003] In orthopedic nail-insertion surgery, precise soft tissue traction and bone exposure are key links to ensure the stable positioning of the guide plate. During the traditional orthopedic nail-insertion operation, a retractor needs to be manually used by a human to perform soft tissue traction and bone exposure, and an assistant needs to continuously apply traction force to maintain the surgical field. This not only easily causes the retractor to slip due to muscle contraction, but also requires frequent adjustment of the instrument position to adapt to the angle of the guide plate. The repeated traction actions may cause mechanical damage to the surrounding vascular nerve bundles, and the cooperation error between the surgeon and the assistant will further prolong the incision exposure time, increasing the risk of postoperative infection and the probability of poor incision healing.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention proposes an orthopedic surgery guide plate to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an orthopedic surgery guide plate to solve the problems that in the traditional orthopedic surgery nail-insertion operation, manual spreading is required to expose the bone tissue, which is likely to cause mechanical damage to the surrounding vascular nerve bundles, increase the risk of postoperative infection, and the probability of poor incision healing.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0007] An orthopedic surgery guide plate includes a positioning plate and support cylinders symmetrically arranged on the top surface of the positioning plate, and a spreading mechanism and an adjusting mechanism are further arranged on the positioning plate and the support cylinders;

[0008] The spreading mechanism includes a support plate arranged above the positioning plate, an extrusion sleeve is arranged on one side of the support plate, a screw is arranged inside the extrusion sleeve, and the support plate matches the soft tissue at the wound;

[0009] The adjusting mechanism includes a limit sliding plate arranged on the outer wall of the support cylinder, a support sliding rod is slidably arranged inside the limit sliding plate, and a fixing plate is slidably arranged outside the support sliding rod.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the spreading mechanism includes a support plate, a connecting sliding cylinder is fixedly penetrated through the support plate, a connecting rod is movably arranged in the connecting sliding cylinder, a groove is formed on the outer wall of the support plate, a rotating hole is formed in the groove, a torsion spring is arranged in the rotating hole, a rotating shaft is arranged at one end of the torsion spring away from the inner wall of the rotating hole, the top end of the support plate is connected to the rotating shaft, the top end surface of the extrusion sleeve is connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod, a connecting groove is formed at the bottom end of the extrusion sleeve, a concave hole is formed on the inner wall of the connecting groove, a spring is connected in the concave hole, a sliding column is arranged at one end of the spring away from the inner wall of the concave hole, and a force-bearing inclined surface is formed on the outer wall of the sliding column away from the spring.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting mechanism further includes a fixed needle movably arranged in the support cylinder, a sliding groove is formed on the inner wall of the limiting sliding plate, a sliding block is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, the outer wall of the sliding block away from the sliding groove is connected to the outer wall of the support sliding rod, a sliding hole is formed on the outer wall of the fixed plate, a threaded hole is formed on the outer wall of the fixed plate, a bolt is threadedly connected in the threaded hole, a handle is arranged at one end of the bolt away from the threaded hole, a rotating groove is formed on the outer wall of the bolt, a rotating ring is rotatably arranged in the rotating groove, a fixed connecting rod is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating ring, and the outer wall of the fixed connecting rod away from the rotating ring is connected to the positioning rod.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a fixed rod is arranged at the bottom end of the outer wall of the sliding column, a force-bearing block is arranged at one end of the fixed rod away from the sliding column, a limiting plate is arranged at the top end of the outer wall of the sliding column, a limiting clamping block is arranged at the top end of the inner wall of the connecting groove, the top end surface of the screw is clamped on the outer wall of the limiting clamping block, a support connecting rod is further connected to the outer wall of the positioning plate, and an extrusion block is arranged at one end of the support connecting rod away from the positioning plate.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the number of the sliding columns is two, the sliding columns are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the screw in a left-right symmetrical structure, and the outer wall of the sliding column matches the inner wall of the concave hole formed on the inner wall of the connecting groove.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a through groove is formed on the outer wall of the support plate, and the support connecting rod and the extrusion block are movably arranged in the through groove.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the number of the positioning holes formed on the limiting sliding plate is several, the positioning holes are evenly and equidistantly distributed on the outer wall of the limiting sliding plate, and the inner wall thereof matches the outer wall of the positioning rod.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the rotating groove matches the outer wall of the rotating ring.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the number of the sliders is four, and the sliders are distributed in a symmetrical structure in two groups on the outer walls of the left and right sides of the support slide bar.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an orthopedic surgical guide plate, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. In the present invention, the positioning plate is positioned on the patient's body through the fixing nails. The screw is inserted into the connecting groove, and then the screw is limited and installed by the sliding columns on both sides. Then the screw is rotated randomly so that it is clamped on the limit clamping plate to complete the overall positioning and installation of the screw. After that, the extrusion block is driven to move downward to move the two support plates, so that the wound can be directly opened through the support plates on the surgical guide plate, and at the same time, the subsequent nail placement operation will not be affected.

[0020] 2. In the present invention, by rotating the bolt, the lateral limit of the fixing plate can be positioned and released, so that the position of the lower screw can be adjusted by moving the fixing plate, thereby improving the accuracy of surgical nail placement. At the same time, the up and down movement with the positioning support slide bar can be released, so that the height position of the support plate can be adjusted, so as to adapt to the body types of different patients and improve the applicability of the guide plate. It solves the problems that in the traditional orthopedic surgery, during the nail placement operation, manual opening of the operation tissue exposes the bone, which is likely to cause mechanical damage to the surrounding blood vessel nerve bundles, increase the risk of postoperative infection and the probability of poor incision healing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is the overall structure schematic diagram of the orthopedic surgical guide plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is the side structure schematic diagram of the orthopedic surgical guide plate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is the structure schematic diagram of the opening mechanism of the orthopedic surgical guide plate of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the opening mechanism of the orthopedic surgical guide plate of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the sectional structure schematic diagram at position A of the opening mechanism of the orthopedic surgical guide plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the opening mechanism B of the orthopedic surgical guide of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment mechanism of the orthopedic surgery guide plate of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the orthopedic surgical guide of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 9 The schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the orthopedic surgical guide of the present invention is as follows Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 10 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the orthopedic surgery guide plate of the present invention.

[0032]

Main component symbol description

[0033] 1. Positioning plate; 2. Support cylinder; 31. Opening mechanism; 311. Support plate; 312. Connecting slide cylinder; 313. Connecting rod; 314. Torsion spring; 315. Rotating shaft; 316. Support plate; 317. Extrusion sleeve; 318. Connecting groove; 319. Limiting block; 3110. Screw; 3111. Spring; 3112. Sliding column; 3113. Limiting plate; 3114. Forced inclined surface; 3115. Fixing rod; 311 6. Force block; 3117. Support connecting rod; 3118. Extrusion block; 32. Adjustment mechanism; 321. Fixing pin; 322. Support slide rod; 323. Fixing plate; 324. Slide hole; 325. Limiting slide plate; 326. Positioning hole; 327. Slide groove; 328. Sliding block; 329. Bolt; 3210. Handle; 3211. Rotating groove; 3212. Swivel; 3213. Fixed connecting rod; 3214. Positioning rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The structure and process of the orthopedic surgery guide are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification, claims and above-mentioned drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprise" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0038] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "on top of", "on the upper surface", "above", etc. can be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature shown in the figure with other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure for the device. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "on top of other devices or structures" will then be positioned "below other devices or structures" or "beneath other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both the orientations of "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the corresponding explanations for the spatial relative descriptions used herein are made.

[0039] The following combines the specification appendices Figures 1 - 10 to describe the orthopedic surgical guide of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] As Figures 1 to 10As shown, an orthopedic surgical guide is used to expand the soft tissue at the wound during orthopedic surgery to fully expose the bone. It includes a positioning plate 1 and support cylinders 2 symmetrically installed on the top surface of the positioning plate 1. A spreading mechanism 31 and an adjusting mechanism 32 for expanding the soft tissue are installed on the positioning plate 1 and the support cylinders 2. Among them: The spreading mechanism 31 includes support plates 316 symmetrically installed above the positioning plate 1. On one adjacent side of the two support plates 316, there is an extrusion sleeve 317. Inside the extrusion sleeve 317, there is a screw 3110 installed. The support plates 316 are used to expand the soft tissue at the wound, so that the wound can be directly expanded on the guide for easy operation. The screw 3110 is used for nail placement during orthopedic surgery. The adjusting mechanism 32 includes a limit sliding plate 325 installed on the outer wall of the support cylinder 2. A support sliding rod 322 is slidably installed in the inner wall of the limit sliding plate 325. A fixing plate 323 is slidably installed on the outer wall of the support sliding rod 322. The limit sliding plate 325 is used to adjust the up and down movement of the support sliding rod 322 during use. The support sliding rod 322 is used to adjust the lateral movement of the fixing plate 323 to meet different position requirements during the operation.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the spreading mechanism 31 further includes a support plate 311. A connecting sliding cylinder 312 is fixedly penetrated through the support plate 311. A connecting rod 313 is movably installed in the inner wall of the connecting sliding cylinder 312. A groove is also opened on the outer wall of the support plate 311. A rotating hole is opened on the inner wall of the groove. A torsion spring 314 is installed in the inner wall of the rotating hole. One end of the torsion spring 314 away from the inner wall of the rotating hole is connected to a rotating shaft 315. The top end of the support plate 316 is connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 315. The top surface of the extrusion sleeve 317 is connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod 313. A connecting groove 318 is opened at the bottom end of the extrusion sleeve 317. A concave hole is opened on the inner wall of the connecting groove 318. A spring 3111 is connected to the inner wall of the concave hole. One end of the spring 3111 away from the inner wall of the concave hole is installed with a sliding column 3112. A force receiving inclined surface 3114 is opened on the outer wall of the end of the sliding column 3112 away from the spring 3111. During the nail placement process, the extrusion sleeve 317 can be driven to move downward through the connecting rod 313 for nail placement operation.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, a fixed rod 3115 is connected to the bottom end of the outer wall of the sliding column 3112. One end of the fixed rod 3115 away from the sliding column 3112 is connected with a force-receiving block 3116 which is matched with the extrusion block 3118. A limiting plate 3113 is also connected to the top end of the outer wall of the sliding column 3112. The limiting plate 3113 is in contact with the screw 3110 and is used to fix the screw 3110 during the process of placing the screw. A limiting block 319 is connected to the top end of the inner wall of the connecting groove 318. The top surface of the screw 3110 is clamped on the lower side of the outer wall of the limiting block 319, and the position of the screw 3110 is limited by the limiting block 319. A support connecting rod 3117 is connected to the outer wall of the positioning plate 1. One end of the support connecting rod 3117 away from the positioning plate 1 is connected with an extrusion block 3118. Through the interaction between the extrusion block 3118 and the force-receiving block 3116, the two fixed rods 3115 can be pushed to move away from each other, and then the screw 3110 can be released after the depth of placing the screw reaches the design requirement.

[0044] Specifically, as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the number of the sliding columns 3112 is two, and the sliding columns 3112 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the screw 3110 in a left-right symmetric structure, playing a role in limiting and fixing the screw 3110. The outer wall of the sliding column 3112 is also fitted with the inner wall of the concave hole opened on the inner wall of the connecting groove 318, facilitating the movement of the sliding column 3112. A through groove is opened on the outer wall of the support plate 316. The support connecting rod 3117 and the extrusion block 3118 are movably placed on the inner wall of the through groove, so as to limit the bottom end of the screw 3110 from both the left and right sides, thereby improving the limiting stability of the screw 3110. The through groove opened on the upper outer wall of the support plate 316 can ensure that there is no interaction with the support connecting rod 3117 during the downward movement of the support plate 316, ensuring the smooth progress of the surgical process.

[0045] Embodiment 2:

[0046] Different from the above Embodiment 1, as Figures 1 to 10As shown, the adjustment mechanism 32 further includes a fixed needle 321 movably installed inside the support cylinder 2. A chute 327 is formed on the inner wall of the limit slide plate 325. A slider 328 is slidably arranged in the chute 327. The outer wall of one end of the slider 328 away from the chute 327 is connected to the outer wall of the support slide rod 322, so as to form a movable whole. A sliding hole 324 is further formed on the outer wall of the fixed plate 323. A threaded hole is formed on the outer wall of the fixed plate 323, and a bolt 329 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole. The outer wall of one end of the bolt 329 away from the threaded hole is connected to a handle 3210. A rotating groove 3211 is formed on the outer wall of the bolt 329, and a rotating ring 3212 is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the rotating groove 3211. A fixed connecting rod 3213 is connected to the outer wall of the rotating ring 3212, and a positioning rod 3214 is connected to the outer wall of one end of the fixed connecting rod 3213 away from the rotating ring 3212. When in use, by rotating the bolt 329, the two positioning rods 3214 can be driven to move, so as to lock the installation height of the support slide rod 322.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, the number of the positioning holes 326 provided on the limit slide plate 325 is set to be several, and the positioning holes 326 are evenly and equidistantly distributed on the outer wall of the limit slide plate 325, and the inner wall thereof is in fit with the outer wall of the positioning rod 3214. By providing a plurality of positioning holes 326, multi-stage adjustment in the height direction can be carried out, so as to improve the applicability of the guide plate. At the same time, the outer wall of the positioning rod 3214 is in fit with the inner wall of the positioning hole 326, which can improve the limiting and supporting stability of the support slide rod 322.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 8 and Figure 10 shown, the inner wall of the rotating groove 3211 is in fit with the outer wall of the rotating ring 3212, so as to improve the stability of the rotating ring 3212 on the inner wall of the rotating groove 3211, and thus improve the supporting stability of the two fixed connecting rods 3213.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 8 shown, the number of the sliders 328 is four, and the sliders 328 are distributed in a symmetric structure in two groups on the left and right outer walls of the support slide rod 322, so as to uniformly support the support slide rod 322 both in the up and down directions and in the left and right directions, and ensure the stability of the support slide rod 322 during the support movement.

[0050] The implementation principle of the orthopedic surgery guide plate of the present invention is as follows:

[0051] First, place the positioning plate 1 at the position where the patient needs surgery, and then fix the positioning plate 1 with the fixing pin 321 to fix the entire device. Subsequently, insert the screw 3110 into the internal connection groove 318 at the bottom of the extrusion sleeve 317. During the insertion process of the screw 3110, its top will contact the force-receiving inclined surface 3114 opened on the outer wall of the sliding column 3112. The squeezed sliding column 3112 will move in the left and right directions. At the same time, during the movement of the sliding column 3112, the spring 3111 will be squeezed. As the screw 3110 continues to move upward, when the top of the screw 3110 crosses the limiting plate 3113, the spring 3111 can rebound and reset, thereby driving the sliding column 3112 to move back to its original position. As the sliding column 3112 moves back to its original position, it will drive the limiting plate 3113 to move back to its original position. In this way, the limiting plate 3113 can move to the bottom of the nut of the screw 3110 to limit and install the screw 3110. After the screw 3110 is clamped and limited and installed, the screw 3110 can be randomly rotated so that the limiting groove at its top rotates and is clamped on the outer wall of the limiting block 319, thereby completing the overall limiting installation of the screw 3110. After the screw 3110 is installed, the connecting rod 313 can be pushed downward. When the connecting rod 313 moves downward, it can drive the extrusion sleeve 317 to move downward. During the downward movement of the extrusion sleeve 317, the outer wall of the extrusion sleeve 317 can squeeze the support plates 316 on both sides. The squeezed support plates 316 can rotate outward on both sides through the rotating shaft 315. At the same time, when the rotating shaft 315 rotates, the torsion spring 314 will be driven to rotate. In this way, the support plates 316 that rotate and open outward can expand the patient's wound, so that the wound can be directly expanded on the surgical guide plate without affecting the subsequent screw placement operation, which is convenient for operation. Subsequently, rotate the connecting rod 313, and then the screw 3110 can be driven to rotate for screw placement operation. During the downward movement of the screw 3110 during screw placement, the force-receiving blocks 3116 on both sides will be squeezed by the extrusion blocks 3118, thereby driving the sliding columns 3112 on both sides to move to both sides again. In this way, the limiting plate 3113 can be driven to disengage from the bottom of the nut of the screw 3110, so that the limit on the screw 3110 can be released. After the screw placement is completed, remove the fixing pin 321, move the entire guide plate upward, and make the outer wall of the limiting block 319 disengage from the limiting groove at the top of the screw 3110 to complete the entire screw placement surgery.

[0052] By reversing the handle 3210, the bolt 329 is driven to move outwards. In this way, one end of the bolt 329 can move away from the outer wall of the support slide bar 322, thereby releasing the fixed limit of the fixed plate 323. At the same time, during the outward movement of the bolt 329, the fixed connecting rod 3213 is synchronously driven to move. In this way, the fixed connecting rod 3213 can drive the positioning rod 3214 to move outwards, so that the outer wall of the positioning rod 3214 disengages from the inner wall of the positioning hole 326. In this way, the limit of the support slide bar 322 in the limit slide plate 325 can be released. Subsequently, the fixed plate 323 can be moved left and right to drive the screw 3110 below to move, thereby improving the accuracy of the required screw placement position of the screw 3110. At the same time, the fixed plate 323 is driven to move up and down, driving the support slide bar 322 to move up and down inside the limit slide plate 325. In this way, the support plate 316 below can be driven to move to the wound position to prepare for the subsequent wound opening. After the position is adjusted, the bolt 329 can be rotated forward, so that the bolt 329 approaches the support slide bar 322, thereby limiting and fixing the fixed plate 323. At the same time, the fixed connecting rods 3213 and the positioning rods 3214 on both sides are driven to move, so that the outer wall of the positioning rod 3214 is clamped on the inner wall of the positioning hole 326, thereby completing the limit fixation of the up and down movement of the support slide bar 322. In this way, the position of the screw placement can be accurately adjusted, and at the same time, the position height of the support plate 316 can be adjusted according to the body types of different patients, thereby improving the applicability of the overall device.

[0053] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An orthopedic surgical guide plate, comprising a positioning plate (1) and a support tube (2) symmetrically arranged on the top surface of the positioning plate (1), characterized in that: The positioning plate (1) and the support tube (2) are also provided with a spreading mechanism (31) and an adjusting mechanism (32); The spreading mechanism (31) comprises a supporting plate (316) arranged above the positioning plate (1), a pressing sleeve (317) is arranged on one side of the supporting plate (316), a screw (3110) is arranged inside the pressing sleeve (317), and the supporting plate (316) matches the soft tissue at the wound site; The adjustment mechanism (32) comprises a limiting slide plate (325) arranged on the outer wall of the support tube (2), a supporting slide bar (322) being slidably arranged inside the limiting slide plate (325), and a fixing plate (323) being slidably arranged outside the supporting slide bar (322).

2. An orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (31) comprises a support plate (311), a connecting slide (312) is fixedly passed through the support plate (311), a connecting rod (313) is movably arranged in the connecting slide (312), a groove is provided on the outer wall of the support plate (311), a rotating hole is provided in the groove, a torsion spring (314) is arranged in the rotating hole, a rotating shaft (315) is arranged at one end of the torsion spring (314) away from the inner wall of the rotating hole, and the top end of the support plate (316) is connected to the rotating shaft (315). 15), the top end surface of the extrusion sleeve (317) is connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod (313), the bottom end of the extrusion sleeve (317) is provided with a connecting groove (318), the inner wall of the connecting groove (318) is provided with a concave hole, a spring (3111) is connected in the concave hole, a sliding column (3112) is provided at one end of the spring (3111) away from the inner wall of the concave hole, and a force-bearing inclined surface (3114) is provided on the outer wall of one end of the sliding column (3112) away from the spring (3111).

3. An orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (32) further comprises a fixing needle (321) movably arranged in the supporting tube (2); a sliding groove (327) is provided on the inner wall of the limiting slide plate (325); a sliding block (328) is slidably arranged in the sliding groove (327); an outer wall of the sliding block (328) away from the sliding groove (327) is connected to the outer wall of the supporting slide rod (322); a sliding hole (324) is provided on the outer wall of the fixing plate (323); a threaded groove (324) is provided on the outer wall of the fixing plate (323); A hole is provided, wherein a bolt (329) is threadedly connected in the threaded hole, a handle (3210) is provided at one end of the bolt (329) away from the threaded hole, a rotation groove (3211) is provided on the outer wall of the bolt (329), a swivel (3212) is rotatably provided in the rotation groove (3211), a fixed connecting rod (3213) is provided on the outer wall of the swivel (3212), and the outer wall of one end of the fixed connecting rod (3213) away from the swivel (3212) is connected to a positioning rod (3214).

4. An orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fixing rod (3115) is provided at the bottom end of the outer wall of the sliding column (3112), and a force block (3116) is provided at the end of the fixing rod (3115) away from the sliding column (3112). A limiting plate (3113) is provided at the top end of the outer wall of the sliding column (3112), and a limiting block (319) is provided at the top end of the inner wall of the connecting groove (318). The top end surface of the screw (3110) is engaged with the outer wall of the limiting block (319). A supporting connecting rod (3117) is also connected to the outer wall of the positioning plate (1), and an extrusion block (3118) is provided at the end of the supporting connecting rod (3117) away from the positioning plate (1).

5. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are two slide posts (3112), which are distributed on both sides of the screw (3110) in a bilaterally symmetrical structure, and the outer wall of the slide post (3112) matches the inner wall of the concave hole opened on the inner wall of the connecting groove (318).

6. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 2, characterized in that: A through groove is provided on the outer wall of the support plate (316), and the support connecting rod (3117) and the extrusion block (3118) are movably arranged in the through groove.

7. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of positioning holes (326) provided on the limiting slide plate (325) is several, and the positioning holes (326) are evenly and equidistantly distributed on the outer wall of the limiting slide plate (325), and the inner wall thereof matches the outer wall of the positioning rod (3214).

8. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the rotating groove (3211) matches the outer wall of the rotating ring (3212).

9. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the sliders (328) is four, and the sliders (328) are arranged in groups of two in a symmetrical structure and are distributed on the left and right outer walls of the supporting slide rod (322).

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