A flow film beneficiation device and method
By combining vibration motion and independent feeding design in the film beneficiation device, high-efficiency separation of minerals with a particle size of less than 19μm is achieved, solving the problems of insufficient recovery rate and enrichment ratio in existing technologies, reducing environmental pollution and improving separation efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHANGSHA RES INST OF MINING & METALLURGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are difficult to efficiently separate minerals with a particle size of less than 19μm. In particular, the recovery rate and enrichment ratio of the shaking table beneficiation method are difficult to meet the requirements, and the flotation method has problems such as large environmental pollution and large amount of reagent consumption.
A film beneficiation device is adopted, which drives the bed surface to generate a compound motion through a vibrator. Combined with lateral and vertical vibration, it forms a pulsating inclined water flow. The particles are separated by gravity, water flow shear force and bed surface vibration force, realizing the stratification and dispersion of heavy and light particles. An independent feeder is designed to avoid vibration interference.
It improves the recovery rate and enrichment ratio of minerals with a particle size of less than 19μm, overcomes the technical bias of gravity separation, reduces environmental pollution, and improves separation efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN120190036B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaking table mineral processing equipment, and more particularly to a film mineral processing device and method. Background Technology
[0002] The content of useful components in the mined raw ore is often low. It is necessary to remove impurities and gangue minerals through mineral processing to enrich the useful components, thereby improving the grade of the ore and meeting the requirements of subsequent smelting and other processing processes for raw material grade, thus improving production efficiency and economic benefits.
[0003] Mineral particles smaller than 19 μm are difficult to stratify due to their slow settling velocity (Stokes' law states that settling velocity is proportional to the square of particle size). Furthermore, their large specific surface area, significant surface forces, and tendency to agglomerate make them difficult to disperse. Therefore, when using existing technologies such as slime shaking tables, vibrating cone concentrators, spiral sluices, or gravity columns for separation, the stratification and dispersion forces interfere with each other, resulting in relatively weak stratification forces and low recovery rates for minerals smaller than 19 μm. Conversely, when using existing technologies such as belt sluices or centrifuges for separation, the stratification and dispersion forces interfere with each other, resulting in relatively weak dispersion forces and insufficient enrichment ratios for minerals smaller than 19 μm. Therefore, there is a technological bias in the industry that minerals with a particle size of less than 19μm cannot be efficiently separated using gravity separation methods (especially shaking table separation). For example, page 155 of "Gravity Concentration (Revised Edition)" (Chief Editor: Sun Yubo; Publisher: Metallurgical Industry Press; Publication Year: 1993) states that "shaking tables are mainly used to process tungsten, tin, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, and are also widely used in placer gold beneficiation. Multi-layer shaking tables and centrifugal shaking tables are also used to separate ferrous metals." Ores and coal. The selectable particle size range for metallic ores is 3-0.02mm, while the upper limit for feed particle size in coal preparation can reach 10mm. Page 363 of *Mineral Processing Engineer's Handbook, Volume 1: General Theory of Mineral Processing* (Chief Editor: Sun Chuanyao; Publisher: Metallurgical Industry Press; Publication Year: 2015) states that "when using shaking tables to separate materials with higher density, the effective separation particle size range is 0.02-3mm; when separating materials with lower density such as coal, the upper limit for feed particle size can reach 10mm." While flotation can effectively separate minerals with a particle size smaller than 19μm, this technology suffers from problems such as high pollution, large reagent consumption, and high energy consumption, which can easily cause environmental damage.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a mineral processing device that can meet the requirements of recovery rate and enrichment ratio while reducing environmental pollution for minerals with a particle size of less than 19 μm. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a film beneficiation device and method.
[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A film beneficiation apparatus includes a vibrator with a bed surface mounted at an incline on the vibrator. A feeder is positioned above the bed surface. The vibrator drives the bed surface to generate periodic vibrations, which are formed by a combination of lateral and vertical motions. The direction of the lateral motion is parallel or substantially parallel to the length direction of grooves formed on the upper surface of the bed surface, and the direction of the vertical motion is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the bed surface. The inclination direction of the bed surface (referring to the direction of the line connecting the highest and lowest points of the bed surface) is not parallel to the length direction of the grooves. The feeder is located at a high position on the bed surface perpendicular to the length of the grooves. The slurry and flushing water in the feeder flow along the inclination direction of the bed surface under the action of gravity and bed surface vibration. Because the inclination direction of the bed surface is not parallel to the length direction of the grooves, and the feeder is located at a high position on the bed surface perpendicular to the length of the grooves, the slurry and flushing water form a pulsating inclined surface water flow across the grooves (referring to a water flow that generates a periodic up-and-down flow perpendicular to the bed surface; see the schematic diagram comparing the inclined surface water flow and the pulsating inclined surface water flow). Figure 1In a thin laminar flow film with inclined plane, particles of different densities, sizes, and shapes are subjected to the combined effects of gravity, water flow shear force, and bed surface vibration. Heavy particles settle to the bottom layer, while light particles remain in the upper layer. The heavy particles in the bottom layer move along the length of the groove under the action of bed surface friction (during this process, the heavy particles do not cross the groove), while the light particles in the upper layer move across the groove with the water flow. This allows the heavy and light particles to be separated, ultimately forming fan-shaped zones according to density and size (the gravity of a particle is determined by its mass, which is determined by both density and size; therefore, particle density and size determine the fan-shaped zone distribution. When particle sizes are similar, zones are formed according to different densities; when particle densities are similar, zones are formed according to different sizes). The device uses a vibrator to drive the bed surface to generate periodic vibrations composed of a combination of lateral and vertical movements. The lateral movement is parallel or substantially parallel to the length of the grooves formed on the upper surface of the bed, while the vertical movement is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the bed surface. This allows the lateral movement to generate strong interlayer repulsion within a single vibration cycle, further enhancing the stratification effect. The vertical movement breaks up mineral agglomeration caused by surface forces, thus strengthening the dispersion effect. In existing technologies, the bed surface either only moves laterally or there is no clear boundary between lateral and vertical movements, leading to interference between mineral stratification and dispersion. In this application, the lateral and vertical movements of the bed surface are performed independently and alternately in stages, effectively avoiding the energy cancellation between stratification and dispersion in existing technologies, thereby improving the separation effect. More importantly, this fluidized bed beneficiation device overcomes industry biases, making gravity beneficiation (especially shaking table beneficiation) an efficient option for separating minerals with a particle size of less than 19 μm.
[0008] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:
[0009] The vibrator includes a top plate and a bottom plate spaced vertically, connected by several parallel leaf springs. At least one leaf spring has an armature fixed to its upper end. The armature is attracted by an electromagnet, causing the top plate, fixed to the bottom of the bed, to produce the periodic vibration. The projection of the leaf spring onto the bed surface is parallel or substantially parallel to the length direction of the groove. A half-wave rectified pulse current is applied to the electromagnet. During the positive half-wave, the electromagnet is energized, generating an electromagnetic force that attracts the armature obliquely towards the electromagnet, causing the leaf spring to bend (during this process, the projection of the leaf spring onto the bed surface remains parallel or substantially parallel to the length direction of the groove). During the negative half-wave, the electromagnet is de-energized, the attractive force disappears, and the bent leaf spring releases its restoring force, causing the armature to return to its original oblique position. The periodic oblique electromagnetic force and the leaf spring's restoring force generate periodic vibration formed by a combination of lateral and vertical motion. The direction of the lateral movement in this periodic vibration is parallel or substantially parallel to the length direction of the grooves formed on the upper surface of the bed, and the direction of the vertical movement is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the bed surface. This allows the lateral movement of the bed surface to generate strong interlayer repulsion within a single vibration cycle, thereby further enhancing the stratification effect. Meanwhile, the vertical movement of the bed surface can break the agglomeration effect of minerals caused by surface forces, thereby enhancing the dispersion effect.
[0010] The leaf spring forms an angle of 60°-80° with the bed surface. The tilted leaf spring generates elastic energy storage and release effects during vibration. The tilt angle of the leaf spring is related to the movement path of the armature, and the vibration transmission efficiency can be optimized by adjusting the angle between the leaf spring and the bed surface. For example, if the tilt angle of the leaf spring is too small, it will easily lead to insufficient horizontal vibration, while if the tilt angle is too large, it will weaken the vertical vibration effect. By setting the tilt angle of the leaf spring to 60°-80°, when the thrust of the leaf spring and the attraction of the electromagnet are combined, the armature can produce a periodic motion formed by the combination of lateral and vertical motion. Furthermore, when the tilt angle of the leaf spring is within this range, the effects of horizontal and vertical vibration can ensure sufficient stratification and dispersion of minerals with a particle size of less than 19μm.
[0011] The bed surface is provided with several grooves, each groove including an interconnected and gently transitioning coarse and fine sections. The depth of the grooves in the coarse section is constant, while the depth of the grooves in the fine section gradually decreases to zero towards the end away from the coarse section. Under the synergistic effect of transverse water flow and bed vibration, the material in the fine section, after being separated in the coarse section, has a finer particle size and increased slurry viscosity, requiring stronger stratification and dispersion to ensure the separation efficiency of fine minerals. Reducing the groove depth can enhance the effect of vibration and surface water flow on the ore layer, promote stratification and dispersion, and improve separation index. The deeper grooves in the coarse section can prevent excessive stratification and dispersion from washing out fine heavy minerals into the tailings.
[0012] The depth of the coarse selection section in each groove decreases from the higher to the lower part of the bed surface. During mineral processing, the slurry and wash water first enter the higher part of the bed surface and then diffuse in layers towards the lower part. The grooves located at relatively lower levels are less deep than those at relatively higher levels. Therefore, as the slurry and wash water diffuse from the higher to the lower part of the bed surface, the minerals overflowing from the grooves will sequentially enter the shallower grooves. This results in denser mineral particles settling in the upper (deeper) grooves, while less dense mineral particles settle in the lower (shallower) grooves. This structure allows deeper grooves to capture the first settling coarse, high-density minerals, while shallower grooves capture the subsequent fine, low-density minerals. This dynamically adapts to the settling characteristics of mineral particles, preventing strong turbulence in deeper grooves from causing fine particle loss and ensuring effective recovery of microparticles.
[0013] The feeder is separate from the bed surface. The separate feeder delivers slurry and flushing water to the bed surface in the form of dripping. Since the feeder does not vibrate with the bed surface, it can avoid the uneven distribution of slurry caused by vibration interference in the existing integrated feeder (i.e., the feeder is fixed to the bed surface).
[0014] Each cycle of the periodic vibration includes a continuous first vertical motion phase, a first lateral motion phase, a second lateral motion phase, and a second vertical motion phase; wherein the bed surface moves upwards during the first vertical motion phase, forwards during the first lateral motion phase, backwards during the second lateral motion phase, and downwards during the second vertical motion phase (see Appendix). Figure 2 The periodic vibration includes alternating lateral and vertical movements. The lateral movement of the bed surface generates strong interlayer repulsion, further enhancing the stratification effect, while the vertical movement breaks up the agglomeration effect of minerals caused by surface forces, thus enhancing the dispersion effect. Furthermore, smaller vibration amplitudes correspond to smaller longitudinal (parallel groove direction) movement speeds and longer particle sorting times (when the longitudinal length of the bed surface is constant, the longitudinal velocity and the particle sorting time on the bed surface are inversely proportional; the smaller the longitudinal velocity, the longer the particle sorting time). Minerals with a particle size smaller than 19 μm have low settling velocities and require longer sorting times to settle to the bottom of the fluid film for recovery. By setting the vertical displacement range of the bed surface in the first vertical movement stage to 0.1mm-3.0mm; the lateral displacement range of the bed surface in the first transverse movement stage to 0.1mm-4.0mm; the lateral displacement range of the bed surface in the second transverse movement stage to 0.1mm-4.0mm; and the vertical displacement range of the bed surface in the second vertical movement stage to 0.1mm-5.0mm, the separation time of the fluidized bed mineral processing device can be extended to 5 times that of the ordinary shaking table separation time in the prior art (see Appendix). Figure 3Longer sorting time can result in better recycling.
[0015] The frequency of the periodic vibration is 25Hz-45Hz. When the vibration voltage is constant, the vibration frequency, vibration frequency, vibration number, vibration amplitude, maximum vibration acceleration, and vibration velocity are positively correlated and are key parameters affecting sorting efficiency. They are also positively correlated with stratification and dispersion effects, and negatively correlated with particle size; smaller particles require higher frequencies, and larger particles require lower frequencies. Experiments have determined that 25Hz-45Hz is a suitable vibration frequency.
[0016] Then, the present invention also discloses a film beneficiation method, which employs the above-mentioned film beneficiation apparatus and includes the following steps:
[0017] S1, adjust the tilt direction and slope of the bed surface;
[0018] S2, start the vibrator and adjust its vibration frequency and amplitude according to the movement trajectory of the bed surface;
[0019] S3, the feeder feeds the material and optimizes the flow rate of the slurry and flushing water according to the movement trajectory of the slurry and flushing water, so that the mineral particles can move along the groove while the slurry and flushing water can cross the groove and generate a pulsating inclined water flow.
[0020] S4. Based on the mineral particle sorting results, further optimize parameters such as the tilt direction and slope of the bed, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibrator, and the flow rate of the slurry and flushing water in the feeder.
[0021] The above methods make gravity separation (especially shaking table separation) an efficient option for separating minerals with a particle size of less than 19μm, thus overcoming the technical bias in the industry.
[0022] The slurry and flushing water in the feeder flow along the inclined direction of the bed surface under the action of gravity. Since the inclined direction of the bed surface is not parallel to the length direction of the groove, and the feeder is located at a high position on the bed surface perpendicular to the length of the groove, the slurry and flushing water form a pulsating inclined water flow across the groove. In a thin laminar flow film with inclined plane, particles of different densities, sizes, and shapes are subjected to the combined effects of gravity, water flow shear force, and bed surface vibration. Heavy particles settle to the bottom layer, while light particles remain in the upper layer. The heavy particles in the bottom layer move along the length of the groove under the action of bed surface friction (during this process, the heavy particles do not cross the groove), while the light particles in the upper layer move across the groove with the water flow. This allows the heavy particles to be separated from the light particles and ultimately forms fan-shaped zones according to density and particle size (the gravity of a particle is determined by its mass, which is determined by both its density and size; therefore, the density and size of the particles determine the fan-shaped zone pattern. When the particle sizes are similar, the zones are divided according to different densities; when the particle densities are similar, the zones are divided according to different particle sizes). The vibrator drives the bed surface to generate periodic vibrations composed of a combination of lateral and vertical movements. The direction of the lateral movement is parallel or substantially parallel to the length of the grooves formed on the upper surface of the bed, while the direction of the vertical movement is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the bed surface. This allows the lateral movement of the bed surface to generate strong interlayer repulsion within a single vibration cycle, thereby enhancing the stratification effect. Meanwhile, the vertical movement breaks up the agglomeration effect of minerals caused by surface forces, thus enhancing the dispersion effect. In existing technologies, the bed surface either only moves laterally or there is no clear boundary between lateral and vertical movements, leading to interference between mineral stratification and dispersion. In this application, the lateral and vertical movements of the bed surface are performed independently and alternately in stages, effectively avoiding the energy cancellation between stratification and dispersion in existing technologies, thereby improving the separation effect. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram comparing inclined plane flow and pulsating inclined plane flow;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the motion trajectory of a conventional shaking table with that of the table in this application;
[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the longitudinal velocity of a conventional shaking table with that of the table in this application;
[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a film beneficiation device;
[0027] Figure 5 This is a 3D schematic diagram of the vibrator;
[0028] Figure 6 This is a front view schematic diagram of the vibrator;
[0029] Figure 7 It is a 3D schematic diagram of the bed surface;
[0030] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the groove.
[0031] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Vibrator; 11. Top plate; 12. Bottom plate; 13. Leaf spring; 14. Armature; 15. Electromagnet; 16. Shock absorber; 2. Bed surface; 21. Groove; 211. Coarse section; 212. Fine section; 3. Feeder; 31. Support; 4. Frame;
[0032] a) First vertical movement phase; b) First lateral movement phase; c) Second lateral movement phase; d) Second vertical movement phase;
[0033] α, direction of transverse movement of the bed surface; β, direction of vertical movement of the bed surface; γ, length direction of the groove; δ, direction of inclination of the bed surface. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0035] Example 1
[0036] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, the film beneficiation apparatus of this embodiment includes a vibrator 1, on which a bed surface 2 is mounted at an incline. The bed surface 2 is rectangular, with its two long sides labeled A and C, and its two short sides labeled B and D. The bed surface 2 is inclined, with the angle between sides A and B at its highest point and the angle between sides C and D at its lowest point. A feeder 3 is located above the bed surface 2, above side A. The vibrator 1 drives the bed surface 2 to produce periodic vibrations, which are formed by a combination of lateral and vertical movements. The direction α of the lateral movement is parallel to the length direction γ of the grooves 21 formed on the upper surface of the bed surface 2, and the direction β of the vertical movement is perpendicular to the bed surface 2. The inclination direction δ of the bed surface 2 is not parallel to the length direction of the grooves 21. The feeder 3 is located at a high point on the bed surface 2 perpendicular to the length of the grooves 21 (i.e., on side A). Specifically, water-blocking strips are provided at the A and B sides of the bed surface 2, and chamfers are provided at the C and D sides to facilitate material discharge.
[0037] In this embodiment, the vibrator 1 includes a top plate 11 and a bottom plate 12 arranged vertically at intervals, connected by several parallel leaf springs 13. At least one leaf spring 13 has an armature 14 fixed to its upper end. The armature 14 is attracted by an electromagnet 15, causing the top plate 11, fixed to the bottom of the bed surface 2, to vibrate periodically. The projection of the leaf spring 13 onto the bed surface 2 is parallel to the length direction of the groove 21. Specifically, two sets of leaf springs 13 are distributed along the length direction of the groove 21, with their bottom ends connected to the bottom plate 12 and their top ends connected to the top plate 11. The top of one set of leaf springs 13 has an armature 14 fixed to it. The electromagnet 15 is fixed to the bottom plate 12 and located diagonally below one set of leaf springs 13. The direction of the attraction force it generates on the armature 14 is perpendicular to that set of leaf springs 13. The electromagnet 15 is electrically connected to an external controller. Under the control of the external controller, the electromagnet 15 can generate a periodic attraction force on the armature 14. Furthermore, the base plate 12 is placed on the frame 4, and several shock-absorbing blocks 16 are provided between the base plate 12 and the frame 4.
[0038] In this embodiment, the leaf spring 13 forms a 70° angle with the bed surface 2.
[0039] In this embodiment, 77 grooves 21 are provided on the bed surface 2. The length direction of the grooves 21 is parallel to side A and side C. Each groove 21 includes a coarse selection section 211 and a fine selection section 212 that are interconnected and have a smooth transition. The depth of the groove in the coarse selection section 211 is constant, and the depth of the groove in the fine selection section 212 gradually decreases to zero towards the end away from the coarse selection section 211.
[0040] In this embodiment, the depth of the coarse selection section 211 of each groove 21 decreases from the high point of the bed surface 2 to the low point of the bed surface 2. That is, the depth of the coarse selection section 211 of each groove 21 decreases from side A to side C.
[0041] In this embodiment, the feeder 3 is separate from the bed surface 2. Specifically, the feeder 3 is mounted on the bracket 31, and the bracket 31 is fixed to the frame 4.
[0042] In this embodiment, each cycle of the periodic vibration includes a continuous first vertical motion phase a, a first lateral motion phase b, a second lateral motion phase c, and a second vertical motion phase d. Specifically, in the first vertical motion phase a, the bed surface 2 moves upwards; in the first lateral motion phase b, the bed surface 2 moves forwards; in the second lateral motion phase c, the bed surface 2 moves backwards; and in the second vertical motion phase d, the bed surface 2 moves downwards. The vertical displacement range of the bed surface 2 in the first vertical motion phase a is 0.26 mm; the lateral displacement range of the bed surface 2 in the first lateral motion phase b is 0.38 mm; the lateral displacement range of the bed surface 2 in the second lateral motion phase c is 0.38 mm; and the vertical displacement range of the bed surface 2 in the second vertical motion phase d is 0.43 mm.
[0043] In this embodiment, the frequency of the periodic vibration is 38 Hz.
[0044] When using the above-mentioned film beneficiation device, the following steps are included: S1, adjusting the tilt direction and tilt slope of the bed surface 2;
[0045] S2, start vibrator 1, and adjust its vibration frequency and amplitude according to the movement trajectory of bed surface 2;
[0046] S3, feeder 3 feeds the material and optimizes the flow rate of slurry and flushing water according to the movement trajectory of slurry and flushing water, so that mineral particles can move along groove 21 while slurry and flushing water can cross groove 21 and generate pulsating inclined water flow.
[0047] S4. Based on the mineral particle sorting results, further optimize the tilt direction and slope of the bed surface 2, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibrator 1, and the flow rates of the slurry and flushing water in the feeder 3.
[0048] Example 2
[0049] Raw material: Fine-grained tungsten ore with a WO3 grade of 1.06% and a WO3 distribution rate of 34.74% in the -19 micrometer particle size.
[0050] Settings: In the film beneficiation device of this application, the frequency of periodic vibration is 40Hz, the vibration amplitude is 1mm, the bed slope is 3°, the flushing water flow rate is 2L / min, the feed concentration is 10%, and the feed flow rate is 0.3L / min.
[0051] The results are shown in Table 1.
[0052] Table 1 Results of exploratory tests on the separation of fine-grained tungsten ore using a film beneficiation device
[0053]
[0054] The film beneficiation unit can obtain a concentrate with a WO3 grade of 10.68% and a recovery rate of 77.33% in a single separation, which is good. This shows that the film beneficiation unit can effectively separate fine-grained tungsten ore.
[0055] Comparative Example 1
[0056] Raw material: Fine-grained niobium ore with a Nb2O5 grade of 0.19% and a Nb2O5 distribution rate of 74.28% in the -19 micrometer particle size.
[0057] Equipment 1: Tin fine clay shaking table
[0058] Equipment 2: The film beneficiation apparatus of this application
[0059] (1) The comparison of sorting indices of the two devices under optimal conditions is shown in Table 2.
[0060] Table 2 Comparison of fine-particle niobium ore separation indices between Yunnan Tin Fine Sludge Shaking Table and Flow Film Beneficiation Device
[0061]
[0062] The Nb₂O₅ grades of the concentrates obtained from the Yunnan Tin fine mud shaking table and the film beneficiation device were 1.09% and 1.31%, respectively, with Nb₂O₅ recoveries of 26.05% and 52.64%, respectively. The separation efficiencies of the Yunnan Tin fine mud shaking table and the film beneficiation device were 27.5% and 56.96%, respectively. The results indicate that the separation performance of the film beneficiation device is significantly better than that of the Yunnan Tin fine mud shaking table.
[0063] (2) The comparison of the Nb2O5 particle size recovery rates of the two equipment is shown in Table 3.
[0064] Table 3 Comparison of Nb2O5 particle size recovery indices between Yunnan Tin Fine Sludge Shaking Table and Flow Film Beneficiation Device
[0065]
[0066] Comparing the recovery rate of Nb₂O₅ particles in -38μm niobium minerals, the film beneficiation device is significantly superior to the Yunnan Tin fine mud shaking table. The advantage is even more pronounced with finer particle sizes; comparing the recovery rate of Nb₂O₅ particles in -10μm niobium minerals, the Yunnan Tin fine mud shaking table achieves only 5.9%, while the film beneficiation device achieves 66.95%. This indicates that for recovering niobium minerals with particle sizes smaller than 38μm, the film beneficiation device has better separation performance than the Yunnan Tin fine mud shaking table. The lower limit of particle size separation for the Yunnan Tin fine mud shaking table is approximately 30μm, while the film beneficiation device can effectively recover niobium minerals as small as -10μm.
[0067] (3) The separation indexes of the film beneficiation device at different vibration frequencies are shown in Table 4.
[0068] Table 4. Niobium ore separation indexes of the film beneficiation unit at different vibration frequencies
[0069]
[0070] With other parameters remaining constant, as the vibration frequency increased from 18Hz to 48Hz, the Nb₂O₅ grade in the concentrate decreased from 1.46% to 0.59%, and the Nb₂O₅ recovery rate decreased from 19.85% to 61.02%. The optimal separation performance was achieved at a vibration frequency of 38Hz, with a concentrate Nb₂O₅ grade of 1.31% and a recovery rate of 52.64%. Too low a frequency resulted in a low concentrate recovery rate, while too high a frequency resulted in a low concentrate grade. Both excessively low and excessively high frequencies ultimately led to low separation efficiency.
[0071] (4) The separation indexes of different transverse vibration amplitudes of the film beneficiation device are shown in Table 5.
[0072] Table 5 Niobium Ore Separation Indicators of Flow Film Mineral Processing Units with Different Lateral Vibration Amplitudes
[0073]
[0074] With other parameters remaining constant, as the lateral vibration amplitude increased from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, the Nb₂O₅ grade in the concentrate decreased from 1.02% to 1.31%, and the Nb₂O₅ recovery rate decreased from 29.70% to 52.64%. Further increasing the lateral vibration amplitude to 5 mm reduced the Nb₂O₅ grade in the concentrate to 0.37%, and the recovery rate to 36.99%. Both excessively large and small lateral vibration amplitudes lead to low sorting efficiency. The vertical vibration amplitude is positively correlated with the lateral vibration amplitude; both excessively large and small vertical vibration amplitudes also result in low sorting efficiency.
[0075] Comparative Example 2
[0076] Raw material: Fine-grained antimony oxide ore with an Sb grade of 0.9% and an Sb distribution of 46.26% in the -19 micrometer particle size.
[0077] Equipment 1: Slon centrifuge
[0078] Equipment 2: The film beneficiation apparatus of this application
[0079] Table 6 shows a comparison of the sorting indices of the two devices under optimal conditions.
[0080] Table 6 Comparison of SLON centrifuge and film beneficiation device for separating antimony oxide ore
[0081]
[0082] The Sb grades of the concentrates obtained by the Slon centrifuge and the film beneficiation unit were 1.80% and 5.34%, respectively, and the Sb recovery rates were 40.59% and 43.36%, respectively. The separation efficiencies of the Slon centrifuge and the film beneficiation unit were 25.19% and 46.23%, respectively. The film beneficiation unit was significantly better than the Slon centrifuge in separating antimony oxide ore.
[0083] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A film beneficiation apparatus, comprising a vibrator (1), a bed surface (2) obliquely mounted on the vibrator (1), and a feeder (3) for releasing slurry and flushing water above the bed surface (2), characterized in that: The vibrator (1) drives the bed surface (2) to generate periodic vibration. The periodic vibration is formed by a combination of lateral and vertical motion. The direction of the lateral motion is basically parallel to the length direction of the groove (21) formed on the upper surface of the bed surface (2), and the direction of the vertical motion is basically perpendicular to the bed surface (2). The inclination direction of the bed surface (2) is not parallel to the length direction of the groove (21); The feeder (3) is located at a height on the bed surface (2) perpendicular to the length direction of the groove (21), and the feeder (3) is separated from the bed surface (2); Each cycle of the periodic vibration includes a continuous first vertical motion phase, a first lateral motion phase, a second lateral motion phase, and a second vertical motion phase; wherein the direction of motion of the bed surface (2) is upward in the first vertical motion phase, forward in the first lateral motion phase, backward in the second lateral motion phase, and downward in the second vertical motion phase.
2. The film beneficiation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibrator (1) includes a top plate (11) and a bottom plate (12) arranged vertically at intervals. The two are connected by a number of parallel leaf springs (13). At least one of the leaf springs (13) has an armature (14) fixed at its upper end. The armature (14) is attracted by an electromagnet (15) so that the top plate (11) fixed at the bottom of the bed surface (2) generates the periodic vibration. The projection of the leaf spring (13) on the bed surface (2) is parallel to the length direction of the groove (21).
3. The film beneficiation apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the leaf spring (13) and the bed surface (2) is 60°-80°.
4. The film beneficiation apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The bed surface (2) is provided with a number of grooves (21). Each groove (21) includes a coarse selection section (211) and a fine selection section (212) that are interconnected and have a smooth transition. The depth of the groove in the coarse selection section (211) is constant, and the depth of the groove in the fine selection section (212) gradually decreases to zero towards the end away from the coarse selection section (211).
5. The film beneficiation apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The depth of the coarse section (211) of each groove (21) decreases from the high point of the bed surface (2) to the low point of the bed surface (2).
6. The film beneficiation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical displacement range of the bed surface (2) in the first vertical movement stage is 0.1mm-3.0mm; the lateral displacement range of the bed surface (2) in the first lateral movement stage is 0.1mm-4.0mm; the lateral displacement range of the bed surface (2) in the second lateral movement stage is 0.1mm-4.0mm; and the vertical displacement range of the bed surface (2) in the second vertical movement stage is 0.1mm-5.0mm.
7. The film beneficiation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency of the periodic vibration is 25Hz-45Hz.
8. A film beneficiation method, characterized in that: The film beneficiation apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1, adjust the tilt direction and slope of the bed surface (2); S2, start the vibrator (1) and adjust its vibration frequency and amplitude according to the motion trajectory of the bed surface (2); S3, the feeder (3) feeds the material and optimizes the flow rate of the slurry and the flushing water according to the movement trajectory of the slurry and the flushing water, so that the mineral particles can move along the groove (21) while the slurry and the flushing water can cross the groove (21) and generate a pulsating inclined water flow. S4. Based on the sorting results of mineral particles, further optimize the tilt direction and slope of the bed surface (2), the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibrator (1), and the flow rate of slurry and flushing water of the feeder (3).