Multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer and guided wave detection system

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer and a guided wave detection system, and belongs to the field of measurement. The guided wave transducer generates guided waves in different modes by utilizing the first guided wave transduction module and the second guided wave transduction module, and after one-time installation is realized, defect detection of various corrosion trends with different orientations is realized by adopting two times of excitation, so that the cost is saved, the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection can be improved, the detection and monitoring efficiency is improved, and the detection and monitoring efficiency is improved. Therefore, the problem that an existing transducer of a single fixed mode type cannot accurately master comprehensive information of defect expansion is solved. After a plurality of groups of guided wave transducers are arranged along the circumferential direction of the pipeline, 1 / 2 of the array number which needs to control different modal excitation originally is reduced, and the maintenance problem of a large number of array transducers in detection and monitoring is solved. The guided wave detection system comprises a plurality of transducer circumferential arrays formed by circumferentially arranging the multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of measurement, relates to the technology of pipeline defect detection using transducers, and particularly relates to a multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer with multimodality and a guided wave detection system. Background Art

[0002] Magnetostrictive array guided wave transducers are more applied to the on-line detection of on-site high-temperature pipelines. However, due to the complex and diverse types of defects existing in on-site pipelines, even for the same type of defect, there are situations such as different orientations. For a guided wave transducer of a certain specific design type, there is a problem of single effective detection sensitivity. For example, a transducer of the T(0,1) mode is more sensitive to defects with axial dimension expansion along the pipeline, and a transducer of the L(0,2) mode is more sensitive to defects with circumferential dimension expansion along the pipeline. For on-site detection, a transducer with a fixed mode type cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion. Based on this, the present invention proposes a guided wave transducer with multimodality, which can cover the defect detection of dimension expansion in multiple directions along the pipeline to overcome the problem that a transducer of a single fixed mode type cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer with multimodality and a guided wave detection system, which can detect defects with dimension expansion in multiple directions along the pipeline, can improve the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection, and improve the detection efficiency to overcome the problem that a transducer of a single existing fixed mode type cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: On the one hand, the present invention provides a multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, including a first guided wave transducer module and a second guided wave transducer module. Among them, the first guided wave transducer module can excite the SH wave mode on a flat plate and can excite the T(0,1) mode on a pipeline to detect a first defect with length dimension expansion along the axial direction of the pipeline, and the second guided wave transducer module can excite the Lamb wave mode on a flat plate and can excite the L(0,2) mode on a pipeline to detect a second defect with length dimension expansion along the circumferential direction of the pipeline.

[0005] Preferably, both the first guided wave transducer module and the second guided wave transducer module include an excitation module and a transducer module. The excitation module is an electromagnet excitation module. The transducer module includes a ceramic base and a transducer coil. The transducer coil is wound around the ceramic base with the axis of the ceramic base as the axis; In the first guided wave transducer module: The electromagnet excitation module includes a U-shaped core 1 and an excitation coil 1. The excitation coil 1 for electromagnet excitation is wound around each of the two columns of the U-shaped core 1. The excitation coils 1 on the two columns are connected in series, and the winding directions of the excitation coils 1 on the two columns are opposite; The ceramic base is arranged directly below the U-shaped core 1, and the axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two columns of the U-shaped core 1; In the second guided wave transducer module: The electromagnet excitation module includes a U-shaped core 2 and an excitation coil 2. The excitation coil 2 for electromagnet excitation is wound around each of the two columns of the U-shaped core 2. The excitation coils 2 on the two columns are connected in series, and the winding directions of the excitation coils 2 on the two columns are opposite; The ceramic base is arranged directly below the U-shaped core 2, and the axis of the ceramic base is perpendicular to the U-shaped core 2.

[0006] Preferably, the first guided wave transducer module and the second guided wave transducer module are integrally arranged; The multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer further includes a packaging shell and a packaging bottom plate arranged at the bottom opening of the packaging shell. The U-shaped core 1 and the U-shaped core 2 are both arranged in the packaging shell, and the ends of the two columns of the U-shaped core 1 are fixed or in contact with the packaging bottom plate. The U-shaped core 2 straddles above the U-shaped core 1 and is orthogonal to the U-shaped core 1. The ends of the two columns of the U-shaped core 2 are fixed or in contact with the packaging bottom plate; The first guided wave transducer module and the second guided wave transducer module share a set of the transducer modules. The ceramic base of the transducer module is arranged on the packaging bottom plate and is directly below the U-shaped core 1. The axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two columns of the U-shaped core 1.

[0007] Preferably, the first guided wave transducer module and the second guided wave transducer module are arranged separately, and the first guided wave transducer module and the second guided wave transducer module respectively have independent packaging shells. The excitation module and the transducer module of the first guided wave transducer module are fixed in the packaging shell of the first guided wave transducer module. The excitation module and the transducer module of the second guided wave transducer module are fixed in the packaging shell of the second guided wave transducer module; The excitation coil 1 of the first guided wave transducer module and the excitation coil 2 of the second guided wave transducer module are connected in series.

[0008] Preferably, the U-shaped core 1 of the first guided wave transducer module and the U-shaped core 2 of the second guided wave transducer module are respectively used to be arranged on two magnetostrictive tapes arranged at intervals.

[0009] Preferably, the excitation module uses a permanent magnet excitation module to replace the electromagnet excitation module; In the first guided wave transducer module: the permanent magnet excitation module includes the U-shaped core one and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures. The two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged inside the two columns of the U-shaped core one, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite; In the second guided wave transducer module: the permanent magnet excitation module includes the U-shaped core two and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures. The two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged inside the two columns of the U-shaped core two, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite.

[0010] Preferably, cup-shaped sleeves are sleeved outside the two columns of the U-shaped core one and the two columns of the U-shaped core two; an excitation coil or the high-temperature resistant magnet structure is arranged outside the cup-shaped sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the transducer coil includes an inner transducer coil and an outer transducer coil, and a buckle clamping device is further arranged on the outer periphery of the ceramic base; the inner transducer coil is wound around the outer periphery of the ceramic base, and the inner transducer coil is located inside the inner circle of the buckle clamping device; the outer transducer coil is wound around the outer periphery of the buckle clamping device; the center frequency of the outer transducer coil is lower than the center frequency of the inner transducer coil; Both the inner transducer coil and the outer transducer coil are hand-wound zigzag coils.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention provides a guided wave detection system, which includes a plurality of transducer circumferential arrays arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline. Any one of the transducer circumferential arrays includes a plurality of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers as described above, and any two adjacent multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers are movably connected by hinges.

[0013] Preferably, the guided wave detection system further includes a serpentine cooling elbow; the multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers of any two adjacent transducer circumferential arrays are aligned one by one to form multiple columns of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers on the outer periphery of the pipeline, and any one column of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers is arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline; the serpentine cooling elbow sequentially penetrates through each column of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, and after the serpentine cooling elbow penetrates through all the encapsulation shells of one column of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, it bends once, and the directions of any two adjacent bends are opposite.

[0014] The present invention has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art: The multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer proposed in the present invention can generate guided waves of different modes by using the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2 respectively by simultaneously setting the waveguide transducer module 1 and the waveguide transducer module 2. The T (0, 1) modal sound wave is more sensitive to the corrosion pits that expand and change along the axial direction of the pipeline, while the L (0, 2) modal sound wave is more sensitive to the corrosion pits that expand and change along the circumferential direction of the pipeline. The multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer can be used for short-term detection after one installation, and can also be placed on the pipeline for a long time for large-scale monitoring. In detection or monitoring, two excitations are used to realize defect detection of multiple corrosion trends with different directions, which can not only save costs, but also improve the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection and monitoring, and improve the detection and monitoring efficiency, thereby overcoming the problem that the existing single fixed mode type transducer cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion.

[0015] In the transducer circular array, after multiple groups of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers are arranged along the circumference of the pipeline, the number of arrays required to control different modal excitations will be reduced by 1 / 2. Only a circle of array transducers need to be arranged according to the pipe diameter size, which can realize the detection and monitoring of corrosion defects of multiple types and multiple directions. This is of great significance, especially for monitoring, and reduces the maintenance difficulties of a large number of array transducers in monitoring.

[0016] In some technical schemes of the present invention, after the inner transducer coil and the outer transducer coil are superimposed, the accuracy of defect detection positioning and quantification in inspection and monitoring can be further improved. The same mode uses two sets of sound waves with different frequencies for long-distance and short-distance inspection and monitoring, which means that one transducer can excite two modes and four ultrasonic guided waves with different performances, which overcomes the problem of blind area inspection and monitoring of defects in near-surface areas during long-distance transmission during low-frequency excitation, and overcomes the problem of large-scale inspection and monitoring of defects in distant areas during high-frequency and short-distance transmission.

[0017] In addition, considering that the current magnetostrictive transducers cannot meet the long-term high-temperature application environment of 325 °C to 500 °C, in some technical solutions of the present invention, cup-shaped sleeves are also sleeved outside the two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core. The exciting coil and the high-temperature resistant magnet structure are both arranged outside the cup-shaped sleeve. The cup-shaped sleeve is made of zirconia ceramic material and has a certain heat insulation effect, which can greatly reduce the overall temperature of the exciting coil and maintain the flexibility of the exciting coil in a high-temperature environment for a long time. Even if there is a certain wear at the winding part of the exciting coil and the magnetic core edge, it can ensure safe operation for a long time. Secondly, the high-temperature resistant magnet structure can be combined with the U-shaped magnetic core to form a permanent magnet exciting structure. The bottom of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure is attached to the cup-shaped sleeve and does not directly contact the high-temperature detection object, which can greatly reduce the steady-state temperature of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure. This not only enables the high-temperature resistant magnet structure to maintain magnetism for a long time, but also realizes long-term monitoring of the permanent magnet exciting structure in high-temperature environment pipelines.

[0018] The guided wave detection system proposed by the present invention includes a transducer circumferential array formed by circumferentially arranging a plurality of the above-mentioned multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers. Based on the annular array arrangement of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, the number of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers in each transducer circumferential array can be flexibly increased or decreased to adapt to pipelines with different diameters.

[0019] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a serpentine cooling elbow is also provided in the guided wave detection system. The serpentine cooling elbow sequentially penetrates the encapsulation shells of each column of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, and after penetrating all the encapsulation shells of each column of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, the serpentine cooling elbow makes a bend, and the directions of any two adjacent bends are opposite, thereby forming a serpentine cooling elbow. By using the serpentine cooling elbow, a single cooling elbow can penetrate all the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers in the guided wave detection system. The structure is simple, and it is convenient for disassembly, installation and adjustment. It can be adjusted according to the number of transducers in the transducer circumferential array, and can be quickly disassembled and assembled with the transducers to meet the cooling requirements of the transducer circumferential array for pipelines with different curvatures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is the installation schematic diagram of the first guided wave transducer module disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first guided-wave transducer module disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 Test principle diagram of the first guided-wave transducer module disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 Installation principle diagram of the second guided-wave transducer module disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second guided-wave transducer module disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 Test principle diagram of the second guided-wave transducer module disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 Installation principle diagram of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided-wave transducer disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided-wave transducer disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 Test principle diagram of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided-wave transducer disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 10 Structure and installation principle diagram of the split multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided-wave transducer disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 11 Top view structure schematic diagram of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided-wave transducer disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 12 is Figure 11 left view.

[0033] Figure 13 is Figure 11 top view.

[0034] Figure 14 is Figure 11 A-A sectional view.

[0035] Figure 15 is Figure 11 B-B sectional view.

[0036] Figure 16 is Figure 12D-D sectional view.

[0037] Figure 17 is Figure 13 G-G sectional view.

[0038] Figure 18 It is the waveguide mode mechanism analysis diagram of the second waveguide transducer module in the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 19 It is the waveguide mode mechanism analysis diagram of the first waveguide transducer module in the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 20 It is the front view section of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0041] Figure 21 It is the front view section of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0042] Figure 22 It is the top view section of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0043] Figure 23 It is the top view section of the integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0044] Figure 24 It is the schematic diagram of the detection methods for various types of corrosion pits of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 25 It is the detail diagram of the pipeline corrosion defect.

[0046] Figure 26 It is the installation schematic diagram of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer on the pipeline disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 27 It is the structural schematic diagram of the transducer structure in the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 28 It is the structural schematic diagram of the hand-wound coil in the transducer structure disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 29Schematic diagram of the structure of the cup-shaped sleeve disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cup-shaped sleeve with an exciting coil wound around its exterior in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 31 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the cup-shaped sleeve and the U-shaped magnetic core in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 32 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the cup-shaped sleeve and the high-temperature magnet structure in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 33 Schematic diagram of the structure of the guided wave detection system disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 34 For Figure 33 End schematic diagram.

[0055] Figure 35 For Figure 33 Partial enlarged schematic diagram.

[0056] In the figure, the reference numerals are: 100 - multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer; 200 - pipeline; 300 - magnetostrictive strip; 400 - guided wave detection system; 500 - hinge; 600 - serpentine structural cooling elbow; 601 - inlet end; 602 - outlet end.

[0057] 1 - guided wave transducer module one; 11 - U-shaped magnetic core one; 12 - exciting coil one; 13 - ceramic base; 131 - groove; 132 - connection channel; 133 - through slot; 14 - transducer coil; 141 - higher center frequency transducer coil; 142 - lower center frequency transducer coil; 2 - guided wave transducer module two; 21 - U-shaped magnetic core two; 22 - exciting coil two; 3 - defect one; 4 - defect two; 5 - encapsulation housing; 6 - cover plate; 7 - encapsulation bottom plate; 8 - buckle clamping device; 81 - convex foot; 9 - cup-shaped sleeve; 10 - high-temperature magnet structure; 15 - gap. Detailed implementation manners

[0058] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0059] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer with multimodality, which can detect defects extending in multiple directions along the pipeline, improve the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of pipeline defect detection, and improve the inspection and monitoring efficiency, so as to overcome the problem that the existing single fixed-mode type transducer cannot accurately grasp the comprehensive information of defect expansion.

[0060] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a guided wave detection system including the above multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer.

[0061] To make the above objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0062] Embodiment 1 This embodiment provides a multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 for being installed on the pipe wall of a pipeline 200 to be measured. It simultaneously includes a first guided wave transducer module 1 and a second guided wave transducer module 2. Among them, the first guided wave transducer module 1 can excite the SH wave mode on a flat plate and generate the T(0,1) mode in the pipeline to detect a first defect 3 extending in the axial length direction of the pipeline 200. The second guided wave transducer module 2 can excite the Lamb wave mode on a flat plate and generate the L(0,2) mode in the pipeline to detect a second defect 4 extending in the circumferential length direction of the pipeline 200. The above first defect 3 and second defect 4 are both naturally formed during the long-term use of the pipeline. They can be strip-shaped defects with regular shapes and neat edges, or irregular defects with obvious length extension directions, such as oval defects, strip-shaped defects with uneven edges, etc. For the convenience of understanding this solution, the illustrated defects all adopt regular strip shapes.

[0063] Specifically, as Figures 1 to 3As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure, installation and use of the first guided wave transducer module 1 capable of exciting SH wave mode on a flat plate. The first guided wave transducer module 1 is specifically a magnetostrictive multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, mainly including an excitation module and a transducer module. Among them, the excitation module adopts an electromagnet excitation structure, specifically including a magnetic core and a coil. The magnetic core material includes but is not limited to 1J22 soft magnetic alloy material. Without excessive waste in saving raw material processing costs, a rectangular strip-shaped magnetic core with a rectangular cross-section can be selected. The entire magnetic core is a U-shaped magnetic core formed by splicing three strip-shaped magnetic cores. Two layers of coils are wound on the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core (that is, the two parallel strip-shaped magnetic cores on the left and right of the U-shaped magnetic core). The coil is preferably made of high-temperature-resistant mica, and the coils wound on the left and right columns are connected in series. The intensity of the static magnetic field generated in the space can be regulated by applying DC voltages of different intensities. The above excitation module is arranged on the magnetostrictive strip 300. The function of the excitation module is: to stably excite in a certain direction of the magnetostrictive strip 300, which is one of the necessary conditions for the magnetostrictive multi-mode composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer to generate effective sound waves. Under the magnetostrictive effect, mainly relying on the interaction between the static bias magnetic field in the magnetostrictive strip 300 and the dynamic magnetic field of the coil, a torsional force is generated. From a macroscopic perspective, after the electromagnet is used for stable excitation, when an alternating current is passed through the transducer coil in the transducer module, an alternating magnetic field will be applied to the magnetostrictive strip 300. Therefore, the tiny elliptical magnetic bodies constituting the magnetostrictive strip 300 will flip back and forth with the change of the magnetic field magnitude and direction. The change in the direction of these tiny magnetic bodies is manifested as a macroscopic strain. This bidirectional magneto-mechanical coupling will also produce an inverse effect, that is, the stress acting on the magnetostrictive strip 300 can change the magnetic state of the magnetostrictive strip 300 itself by adjusting the direction of these tiny magnetic bodies. The change in the magnetic state will cut the transducer coil in the transducer module, thereby generating a voltage signal. Therefore, the key points of using an electromagnet to excite the first guided wave transducer module 1 are: First, materials such as 1J22 soft magnetic alloy have a high Curie point temperature and can withstand high temperatures for a long time; Second, the static magnetic field intensity can be effectively regulated to ensure that the magnetostrictive effect reaches the best. If the static magnetic field intensity is controlled by a magnet, when the magnetic field intensity is fixed, for the transducer coil, if the static magnetic field intensity is too large or too small, the signal is prone to distortion. The transducer module mainly plays the role of exciting sound waves in the first guided wave transducer module 1. After working in the excitation module area, as Figure 1 shown, the magnetostrictive strip 300 is given a horizontal magnetic field in the Y-axis direction (the Y-axis is parallel to the circumferential direction of the pipeline and is in a cross relationship with the length direction of the above-mentioned defect 13), that is, at this time, the tiny elliptical magnetic bodies constituting the magnetostrictive strip 300 are overall biased towards the Y-axis direction, Figure 1The transducer coil shown in uses a meandering coil structure. After applying alternating current to the transducer coil, a dynamic magnetic field that varies left and right in the X-axis direction (perpendicular to the aforementioned Y-axis and generally consistent with the length direction of defect 3. In this embodiment, for clarity, the X-axis direction is used to represent the length direction of defect 3) will be generated in the magnetostrictive strip 300. Subsequently, the direction of the tiny elliptical magnetic bodies in the magnetostrictive strip 300 will be disturbed. When the tiny elliptical magnetic bodies deflect in the X-axis direction, a torsional force in the Y-axis direction will be generated. The wave generated by this force is commonly known as the SH wave, which mainly propagates through the shear motion parallel to the surface and perpendicular to the wave propagation direction, and this shear motion is not affected by the attenuation of water and is less affected by the attenuation of the coating. The magnetostrictive strip 300 is mainly bonded to the inspection test plate or pipeline 200 through a high-temperature coupling agent. The high-temperature coupling agent serves as a coupling module between the magnetostrictive strip 300 and the inspection test plate or pipeline 200, and its functions are: to stably transmit the guided wave generated in the magnetostrictive strip 300 to the inspection test plate, and at the same time effectively transmit the sound wave returned from the inspection test plate to the magnetostrictive strip 300, and then the stable and effective echo signal is collected by the transducer coil in the first guided wave transducer module 1, and then it is judged whether there are corresponding defects in the object to be inspected, and the safety level is further evaluated. The overall structure of the first guided wave transducer module 1 mainly relies on an external encapsulation housing to fasten the above-mentioned excitation module and transducer module. The transducer module is arranged below the U-shaped magnetic core of the excitation module. The transducer module includes a ceramic base and the aforementioned transducer coil wound around the outer periphery of the ceramic base, Figures 1 to 3 The transducer coil part in is shown separately. In fact, the transducer coil and the ceramic base are an integral structure. The SH wave generated by the cooperation of the above transducer module structure and the excitation mode is more sensitive to defect 3 with an extended change in the X-axis direction and less sensitive to defect 4 with an extended change in the Y-axis direction.

[0064] Such as Figures 4 to 6As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure, installation and use of the guided wave transducer module two 2 that can excite Lamb wave modes. Its structural composition is basically the same as that of the guided wave transducer module one 1. It is a magnetostrictive multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, which will not be elaborated here. The difference is that the static excitation direction of the guided wave transducer module two 2 is towards the X-axis direction, and this direction is the same as the direction of the dynamic magnetic field generated in the magnetostrictive strip 300 after the alternating current is passed through the transducer coil (while the guided wave transducer module one 1 is in a cross direction). Therefore, the magnetostrictive force generated after the static magnetic field and the dynamic magnetic field of the guided wave transducer module two 2 are coupled and superimposed can effectively excite Lamb waves in the flat structure. Lamb waves are mainly transmitted through bending / compression motions perpendicular and parallel to the surface, and the bending motion is significantly attenuated by water, coatings, etc. The Lamb waves generated by the cooperation of the structure and the excitation mode of the guided wave transducer module two 2 are more sensitive to the defect two 4 that extends and changes in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis direction is generally consistent with the length direction of the defect two 4. In this embodiment, for the sake of clarity, the Y-axis direction is used to represent the length direction of the defect two 4.

[0065] The defect one 3 and the defect two 4 include but are not limited to forms such as corrosion pits and cracks. As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, the defect one 3 and the defect two 4 can exist independently on the pipeline 200; as Figure 7 shown, the defect one 3 and the defect two 4 can also be cross-combined to form an approximate "+"-shaped defect. No matter in which form the defect one 3 and the defect two 4 exist, it does not prevent the guided wave transducer module one 1 and the guided wave transducer module two 2 from accurately capturing and detecting the defects in the sensitive directions.

[0066] In the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, the guided wave transducer module one 1 and the guided wave transducer module two 2 can be arranged separately, but need to be installed and used at the same time; they can also be integrally arranged according to the structural principle shown in Figures 7 to 9 shown. In order to improve the structural integration of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, simplify unnecessary repeated structures and installation and use steps, this embodiment preferably integrally arranges the guided wave transducer module one 1 and the guided wave transducer module two 2. After integration, the guided wave transducer module one 1 and the guided wave transducer module two 2 share a set of magnetostrictive strip 300, packaging shell and transducer coil. The U-shaped magnetic cores of the guided wave transducer module one 1 and the guided wave transducer module two 2 are vertically (orthogonally) crossed, and the crossing positions are preferably located at the centers of the U-shaped magnetic cores respectively. When installed and used, the U-shaped magnetic core of the guided wave transducer module one 1 is parallel to the Y-axis direction, while the U-shaped magnetic core of the guided wave transducer module two 2 is towards the X-axis direction. As Figure 8The integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 shown can address the problem of stable and effective identification when the defects in the detection process have various orientation expansions and changes. When switched to Y-axis static excitation, it can effectively excite SH-mode acoustic waves in flat structures and is relatively sensitive to defects with X-axis changes, such as defect -3. When switched to X-axis static excitation, it can effectively excite Lamb-mode acoustic waves in flat structures and is relatively sensitive to defects with Y-axis orientation changes, such as defect -4. The design of this integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 has the following advantages: During the detection process, after attaching the magnetostrictive tape 300 to the high-temperature pipeline or container part, there is no need to manually use a magnet for static magnetic field excitation in different orientations. Directly using the U-shaped magnetic cores of the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2, two cross-direction excitation controls can be carried out. During the detection process, two groups of data can be collected at the same position. One group is the T(0,1) modal signal similar to the SH-wave vibration mode, and the other group is the L(0,2) modal signal similar to the Lamb-wave vibration mode collected after changing the excitation direction. The guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 simultaneously discriminate the anomalies in the signal and lock the abnormal area of the pipe section. During the detection process, the transducer coil does not need to be changed, and the single device can achieve the multi-modal guided wave composite detection function, which is convenient and efficient. During the monitoring process, according to the three-channel instrument, data can be automatically collected at intervals, and each monitoring is excited twice. Once, the electromagnet excitation coil and the bottom transducer coil arranged in the Y-axis direction are excited, and once, the electromagnet excitation coil and the bottom transducer coil arranged in the X-axis direction are excited. The analysis and processing are carried out at the background terminal to achieve high-sensitivity identification of corrosion pit changes and crack changes in various orientations during the monitoring process.

[0067] The above mainly explains the principle design of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 for this embodiment. Next, based on the design principle of the above integrated multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, the specific structural design of the preferred multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 in this embodiment will be elaborated.

[0068] As Figures 11 to 17 As shown, the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 includes a guided wave transducer module 1, a guided wave transducer module 2, a packaging shell 5, a cover plate 6, and a packaging bottom plate 7 provided at the bottom opening of the packaging shell 5. The packaging shell 5 and the packaging bottom plate 7 can be detachably connected by bolts, etc. A closed cavity for accommodating the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 is formed between the packaging shell 5 and the packaging bottom plate 7. The guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 are both fixed on the packaging bottom plate 7, and the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 share a set of packaging shell 5 and packaging bottom plate 7. Among them: (1) AsFigure 14 and Figure 15 As shown in Figure 15 , the exciting module of the first guided-wave transducer module 1 includes a first U-shaped magnetic core 11 and a first exciting coil 12. The first U-shaped magnetic core 11 has an opening facing downward, and the ends of the two columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 are fixed or in contact with the packaging bottom plate 7. The first U-shaped magnetic core 11 is formed by splicing three square bar-shaped magnetic cores. Two layers of the first exciting coil 12 are wound around the left and right columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 for electromagnet excitation. The first exciting coil 12 is preferably made of high-temperature-resistant mica, and the first exciting coils 12 on the left and right columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 are connected in series. It should be noted that the first exciting coil 12 is wound clockwise around one column of the first U-shaped magnetic core 11, and the first exciting coil 12 is wound counterclockwise around the other column, so as to ensure that the magnetic field generated by the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 is in the same direction. Figure 14 The cross-section of the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 in Figure 14 is located in the XOZ plane (i.e., Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 7 the XOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate system in Figure 7 ).

[0069] The transducer module of the first guided-wave transducer module 1 includes a ceramic base 13 and a transducer coil 14 wound around the ceramic base 13. The ceramic base 13 is preferably a high-temperature-resistant zirconia ceramic base. The transducer coil 14 is wound around the outer circumference of the ceramic base 13 along the axial direction of the ceramic base 13. The axial direction of the ceramic base 13 corresponds to the circumferential direction of the pipeline, that is, the axial direction of the ceramic base 13 is parallel to the Y-axis direction. The entire transducer module is located directly below the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 and is fixed or in contact with the packaging bottom plate 7. The transducer coil 14 is used to excite the magnetostrictive guided-wave signal and can cooperate with the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 to generate the T(0,1) mode guided wave in the pipeline.

[0070] (2) As Figure 14 and Figure 15 shown, the exciting module of the second guided-wave transducer module 2 includes a second U-shaped magnetic core 21 and a second exciting coil 22. The second U-shaped magnetic core 21 has an opening facing downward and straddles above the first U-shaped magnetic core 11. At the same time, the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 is perpendicular to the second U-shaped magnetic core 21, and the ends of the two columns of the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 are fixed or in contact with the packaging bottom plate 7. The second U-shaped magnetic core 21 is formed by splicing three square bar-shaped magnetic cores. Two layers of the second exciting coil 22 are wound around the left and right columns of the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 for electromagnet excitation. The second exciting coil 22 is preferably made of high-temperature-resistant mica, and the second exciting coils 22 on the left and right columns of the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 are connected in series. It should be noted that the second exciting coil 22 is wound clockwise around one column of the second U-shaped magnetic core 21, and the second exciting coil 22 is wound counterclockwise around the other column, so as to ensure that the magnetic field generated by the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 is in the same direction. Figure 15 The cross-section of the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 in Figure 15 is located in the YOZ plane (i.e., Figure 1 、 Figure 4 andFigure 7 within the YOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate system.

[0071] The transducer module of the second guided wave transducer module 2 is the same as that of the first guided wave transducer module 1. As shown in Figure 15 , a through groove 133 extending in the X-axis direction is provided at a position near the top inside the ceramic base 13. A pure iron sheet is placed in the through groove 133. The purpose is to shield the dynamic magnetic field generated by the upper part of the transducer coil 14 on the ceramic base 13. In practical applications, only the dynamic magnetic field of the bottom coil of the transducer coil 14 needs to take effect to generate the magnetostrictive effect and generate guided waves of corresponding modes. The transducer coil 14 is used to excite the magnetostrictive guided wave signal and can cooperate with the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 to generate L(0,2) mode guided waves in the pipeline.

[0072] As Figure 14 and Figure 15 shown, in order to reinforce the first guided wave transducer module 1 and the second guided wave transducer module 2 in the packaging shell 5, a cover plate 6 is also provided on the top of the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 to press the orthogonal second U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the first U-shaped magnetic core 11. As Figures 20 to 22 shown, the cover plate 6 can be fixed on the inner side wall of the packaging shell 5, and the tops of the orthogonal second U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the first U-shaped magnetic core 11 are both embedded in the cover plate 6 to realize effective pressing and fixing of the cover plate 6 on the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the first U-shaped magnetic core 11.

[0073] As Figure 14 shown, a groove 131 for winding the transducer coil 14 is provided on the outer wall of the ceramic base 13. As Figure 15 shown, a connection channel 132 is connected between the respective grooves 131. After the wires in the adjacent grooves 131 are connected in series in reverse, the connection joint can still remain in the groove 131 as a whole.

[0074] As Figure 14 and Figure 15 shown, gaps 15 are reserved between the packaging shell 5 and the second U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the first U-shaped magnetic core 11. The gaps 15 are mainly used for the wiring leads of the first excitation coil 12 and the second excitation coil 22, and the wiring leads of the bottom transducer coil 14 in the ceramic base 13. Finally, the wiring is led out from the top hole of the packaging shell 5 and connected to the instrument.

[0075] Given that the current temperature range of the high-temperature resistant magnetostrictive transducer is between room temperature and 325 degrees Celsius, there is still relatively little research on high-temperature magnetostrictive transducers, especially the magnetostrictive multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer between 325 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius. For the high-temperature environment of 325 degrees Celsius to 500 degrees Celsius and the structure of the aforementioned multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, the transducer module is involved as Figure 27The structure shown. As Figure 27 shown, the transducer module is mainly aimed at the aforementioned SH wave or Lamb wave, switching its output from a fixed frequency to multiple controllable frequencies, thereby further improving the sensitivity of detecting or monitoring defects. Since sound waves with different frequency outputs generate different wavelengths in a certain fixed material detection object, their sensitivities to defects of different sizes are different when interacting with them. When the wavelength is too large and the defect size is too small and exceeds the critical value, the defect cannot be detected at all. Therefore, it is necessary to use other different frequencies for supplementary detection to ensure the safe operation of special equipment. In conventional engineering inspections, when a transducer with a certain fixed center frequency is not sensitive enough to a certain type of defect, the detection transducer is manually replaced. However, replacing the transducer means that the parameters of the corresponding working conditions need to be readjusted, which is time-consuming, laborious, and has low efficiency. Therefore, the transducer module of this solution adopts the structure shown in Figure 27 which integrates transducer coils with different center frequencies at the same central position and realizes the control of multiple frequencies for the same transducer structure through the lead-out interface. As Figure 27 shown, grooves 131 are opened on both the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the ceramic base 13 for winding the higher center frequency transducer coil 141. Clamping devices 8 are clamped on both the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the ceramic base 13. The clamping device 8 includes a plate surface and four protruding feet 81 located at the four corners of the plate surface. The four protruding feet 81 are perpendicular to the plate surface, so that a concave cavity is formed between the four protruding feet 81 and the plate surface. The clamping device 8 uses this concave cavity to be sleeved on the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the ceramic base 13 and is in interference fit with the ceramic base 13 through the protruding feet 81, thereby realizing the fixation of the clamping device 8 and the ceramic base 13. The aforementioned higher center frequency transducer coil 141 is located in the interlayer between the clamping device 8 and the ceramic base 13. Grooves are also opened on the surface of the clamping device 8 for winding the lower center frequency transducer coil 142. The lower center frequency transducer coil 142 is located on the outer layer of the higher center frequency transducer coil 141. The thickness of the plate surface and the protruding feet of the clamping device 8 is uniform and consistent, preferably with a thickness of 2 mm to 3 mm, which meets the lift-off distance between the transducer coil and the detection object in the magnetostrictive multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer and can satisfy the detection signal intensity. The winding methods of the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 are as Figure 28As shown, the transducer coil mode is mainly targeted at pipelines with surface temperatures within 500 degrees Celsius at the engineering site. Conventional PCB coils can only withstand temperatures within 300 degrees Celsius. For pipelines with temperatures ranging from 300 degrees Celsius to 500 degrees Celsius, the coils are prone to breakage and burnout and cannot work effectively for a long time. Especially for long-term monitoring, adopting a coil structure that can withstand high temperatures and can be effectively wound and spliced into a zigzag coil mode is of great significance. Therefore, both the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 in this solution are preferably made of mica coils that can withstand high temperatures. Combined with the zirconia ceramic material of the ceramic base 13, the transducer structure and the entire transducer can withstand high temperatures of 500 degrees Celsius. Both the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 are in the form of hand-wound zigzag coils, that is, coils with corresponding turns set in advance are wound in each independent groove, and then the wiring of the coils wound in each independent groove is connected in series in reverse, as Figure 28 shown in the lower left corner. The arrow represents the changing direction of the current flowing into different slots. In this way, an effective zigzag coil transducer structure can be generated under the ceramic base 13. The relationship expression between the spacing between the centers of each groove and the frequency is as follows:

[0076] wherein, represents the adjacent spacing between the centers of the grooves, also known as the turn spacing, is the wavelength of the coil, is the phase velocity, is the designed center frequency of the coil. After fixing the detection object, the turn spacing can control the output of the guided wave with a fixed center frequency.

[0077] For the transducer structure with the high-temperature hand-wound zigzag coils integrated and arranged in the above two frequency bands, an inner and outer layer coil arrangement structure is adopted. The lower center frequency transducer coil 142 is wound on the outermost layer, and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 is wound on the innermost base. It can detect pipe segments in different distance ranges at the same time, saving the disassembly and assembly of redundant transducers. The above transducer structure realizes the design of a multi-frequency band output structure. After screening the local problem pipe segments with the external lower center frequency transducer coil 142, the internal higher center frequency transducer coil 141 can be used for further careful screening. In practical applications, four monitoring methods can be adopted: external coil excitation and internal coil reception, external coil self-excitation and self-reception, internal coil self-excitation and self-reception, and internal coil excitation and external coil reception to comprehensively evaluate the safety status of the pipeline. The transducer coil 14 composed of the lower center frequency transducer coil 142 and the higher center frequency transducer coil 141 can accept a lift-off of 2 mm to 3 mm, and the solution is feasible.

[0078] In some implementations, considering that both the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11 are formed of square strip magnetic cores, if the excitation coil is directly wound on the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11, the excitation coil will have a certain angle at the four edges of the magnetic core. In a long-term high temperature environment of 500 degrees Celsius, even if the excitation coil is a mica coil, it will become brittle, and the wire is easily exposed at this time, which will produce adverse effects during continuous tightening and wear. Therefore, Figure 29 As shown, a cup-shaped sleeve 9 is designed to embrace two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core. Preferably, the left and right columns of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 1 11 are both equipped with cup-shaped sleeves 9, and the excitation coil 1 12 and the excitation coil 2 22 are both wound on the outer ring of the cup-shaped sleeve 9. The cup-shaped sleeve 9 is made of zirconia ceramic material, which has a certain heat insulation effect, can greatly reduce the overall temperature of the mica excitation coil, and maintain the flexibility of the excitation coil in a high temperature environment for a long time. Even if the excitation coil and the corners of the magnetic core are wound with some wear, it can ensure safe operation for a long time. The final winding structure of the excitation coil is as follows Figure 30 shown.

[0079] The following takes the example of winding the excitation coil 22 and the excitation coil 1 12 outside the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 1 1 respectively (there is no high temperature resistant magnet structure 10 in the excitation structure) to specifically explain the acoustic wave mechanism of the aforementioned multi-modal composite excitation high temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducer 100 of this embodiment.

[0080] like Figure 18 As shown, here we analyze in detail the acoustic wave mechanism located in the YOZ plane (i.e. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 The reason why the guided wave is generated by the interaction between the electromagnetic excitation structure (YOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate system) and the zigzag coil at the bottom of the ceramic base 13. First, the two pillars of the U-shaped magnetic core 21 are covered with a cup-shaped sleeve 9, and the excitation coils 22 wound outside the two cup-shaped sleeves 9 are connected in series and a direct current is passed through, which can form a static bias magnetic field in the inner space of the magnetic core and the magnetostrictive strip 300 as shown by the arrow. When an alternating magnetic field is applied to the material, that is, Figure 18 As shown in the three groups of zigzag coils, the current directions of adjacent coils are opposite, so the spatial dynamic magnetic field rotates in opposite directions. The magnetic field disturbance direction formed in the magnetostrictive strip 300 is mainly concentrated in the X-axis direction. Since the tiny ellipsoidal magnets constituting the material will flip back and forth with the change of the magnetic field size and direction, the change of the direction of these tiny magnetic bodies is manifested as a macroscopic strain, so a magnetostrictive torsional force will be formed in the strip area between the adjacent wires of the zigzag coil. The direction is shown in the figure. The magnetostrictive torsional forces in adjacent areas are opposite, thereby satisfying the generation conditions of T-mode waveguide. The waveguide transmission direction is as shown in Figure 18 Marked.

[0081] This bidirectional magneto-mechanical coupling also produces an inverse effect, that is, the stress acting on the magnetostrictive strip 300 can change the magnetic state of the material itself by adjusting the directions of these tiny magnets. The change in the magnetic state will cut the dynamic coil, thereby generating an echo voltage signal.

[0082] As Figure 19 shown, here the reason for generating guided waves by the magnetic field action formed between the electromagnetic excitation structure located in the XOZ plane (i.e., the XOZ plane of the XYZ coordinate axis system in Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 ) and the meandering coil at the bottom of the ceramic base 13 is analyzed in detail from the acoustic wave mechanism. First, two columns of the U-shaped magnetic core-11 are sleeved with cup-shaped sleeves 9. After the excitation coils-12 wound outside the two cup-shaped sleeves 9 are connected in series and passed through direct current, a spatial magnetic field in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 19 will be generated in the internal space of the magnetic core. This magnetic field will provide a stable static bias magnetic field in the -X direction in the magnetostrictive strip 300. This magnetic field will make the "tiny ellipsoidal magnets" inside the material as a whole initially face the -X axis direction. After the four-channel meandering coils at the bottom of the ceramic base 13 are passed through alternating current of corresponding periodic pulse signals, adjacent coils will generate spatial dynamic magnetic fields with different rotation directions. This magnetic field makes the "tiny ellipsoidal magnets" in the magnetostrictive strip 300 twist instantaneously or not change direction. Therefore, magnetostrictive extrusion / tensile forces are generated in the adjacent coil regions. Among them, the tensile forces are in the left and right regions, and the extrusion forces are in the middle region. Under this strain drive, an L-mode acoustic wave can be formed in the pipeline, and the acoustic wave transmission direction is as shown by the arrow in Figure 19 .

[0083] As Figure 22 and Figure 23 shown, it is the top-down sectional view structure of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100. Two columns of the orthogonal electromagnetic iron core structure can be clearly seen, including the ceramic base 13 in the middle region for generating a dynamic magnetic field. This structure clearly shows the innovation point of this transducer: that is, by using a set of transducer coils and cooperating with two groups of orthogonal U-shaped magnetic cores, three groups of structures are integrated into one transducer, and different modes of guided waves can be generated. For Figure 24The shown oval corrosion pits and serrated corrosion pits. The T(0,1) mode acoustic wave is sensitive to corrosion pits that vary along the axial direction of the pipeline, while the L(0,2) mode acoustic wave is sensitive to corrosion pits that vary along the circumferential direction of the pipeline. This multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 can, after one installation, detect corrosion pits with corrosion trends of various different orientations by using two excitations during detection or monitoring, saving costs and improving the detection efficiency. In a multi-array transducer, after multiple groups of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 are arranged circumferentially along the pipeline, the number of 1 / 2 arrays originally required to control different modal excitations will be greatly reduced. Only one circle of array transducers needs to be arranged according to the pipe diameter size, enabling the detection and monitoring of various types of corrosion defects with various orientation changes. Especially for monitoring, this is of great significance as it reduces the maintenance problems of a large number of array transducers during monitoring.

[0084] The multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 is generally externally connected to a monitor during use to obtain and store the detection signals of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 in real time.

[0085] Embodiment 2 This embodiment provides a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, which is different from the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 in Embodiment 1 in that the first guided wave transducer module 1 and the second guided wave transducer module 2 adopt a split structure design, and the first guided wave transducer module 1 and the second guided wave transducer module 2 respectively have independent packaging shells 5 and transducer structures. When the first guided wave transducer module 1 and the second guided wave transducer module 2 in Embodiment 1 are arranged on the same magnetostrictive strip 300, for this multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 with a split layout, although the switching excitation of two modes can be achieved to a certain extent, in the actual instrument configuration of this transducer structure, more manual switching interfaces are required to ensure the change of the excitation magnetic field direction of the electromagnet, and then different excitation principles are generated. It is more suitable for the detection direction. From the perspective of special equipment monitoring, there is a certain difficulty. In actual monitoring, the channels cannot be switched repeatedly, which means that one of the channels may be idle. Moreover, the two types of electromagnet cores are relatively close to each other. When one electromagnet is excited, for the other electromagnet, a magnetizing effect may be generated. At this time, in the magnetostrictive strip 300, the provided stable bias magnetic field may be multi-directional, so the generated guided wave modes are not pure enough.

[0086] To further improve the detection effect, which is not only suitable for detection but also for the monitoring direction, a separated structure of the tile-shaped magnetostrictive strip 300 is proposed as follows Figure 10As shown, the strip is divided into several sections and laid on the monitored specimen. The U-shaped cores of the first guided-wave transducer module 1 and the second guided-wave transducer module 2 are separated and placed on adjacent different magnetostrictive strips 300. The U-shaped cores of the first guided-wave transducer module 1 and the second guided-wave transducer module 2 are connected in series through the exciting coils between them to form an integrated body. Taking the zigzag coil as an example, the transducer coils for exciting sound waves have the same direction and are placed on adjacent different magnetostrictive strips 300 according to the Figure 10 positional relationship. The transducer coils of the first guided-wave transducer module 1 and the second guided-wave transducer module 2 can be connected in series or independently controlled. When independently controlled, it means there are three excitation and reception methods. One is the self-excitation and self-reception of the transducer coil with SH wave mode output. The second is the self-excitation and self-reception of the transducer coil with Lamb wave mode output. The third is the mutual excitation and reception between the SH wave mode coil and the Lamb wave mode coil. The excitation end and the reception end can be interchanged. Compared with the device in the first two methods Figures 7 to 9 , more pure modes can be excited because the distance between the U-shaped cores of the first guided-wave transducer module 1 and the second guided-wave transducer module 2 is relatively far, and the interference between the magnetic fields is very weak. And even if there is interference, due to the spaced arrangement of different magnetostrictive strips 300, the two electromagnet structures are in different strip positions and cannot effectively affect the bias magnetic field in the area where the current self-excitation and self-reception coil is located. In the above third method, when the two coils are mutually excited and received, due to different acoustic wave types, after one type of acoustic wave interacts and reflects at the defect, there is a certain mode conversion. At this time, this method can further detect small-sized defects with obvious mode conversion effects of a certain type of mode, thereby making up for the problem of insufficient detection sensitivity of the first two methods and further expanding the range of detectable defect types and size ranges.

[0087] In the monitoring method, there are two types of excitation methods: The first type is the one-excitation and one-reception method. Connect the two transducer coils placed on adjacent different magnetostrictive strips 300 in Figure 10 in series, and at the same time overlap a same coil above the position of any one of the above two types of coils. This coil is used as the signal reception end. If it is overlapped above the coil overlapping part of the U-shaped core of the second guided-wave transducer module 2 in Figure 10 , the excitation end excites SH wave (pipe T(0,1)) and Lamb wave (pipe L(0,2)), and the reception end is mainly used to receive the reflected SH wave (pipe T(0,1)); if it is overlapped above the coil overlapping part of the U-shaped core of the first guided-wave transducer module 1 in Figure 10 , the excitation end excites SH wave (pipe T(0,1)) and Lamb wave (pipe L(0,2)), and the reception end is mainly used to receive the reflected Lamb wave (pipe L(0,2)); compared with Figure 7Compared with the integrated structure shown, this method can truly realize multimodal guided wave monitoring without idling channels. After the two types of acoustic waves at the excitation end interact with the defect, taking the excitation of SH waves (pipe T(0,1)) and Lamb waves (pipe L(0,2)) at the excitation end as an example, and the receiving end is mainly used to receive the reflected SH waves (pipe T(0,1)). In this monitoring process, it is mainly considered that after the generated SH waves (pipe T(0,1)) interact with the defect, there is a small amount of mode conversion, and more reflected waves still mainly exist in the SH wave mode (pipe T(0,1)). After the generated Lamb waves (pipe L(0,2)) interact with the defect, part of the modes are converted into SH waves (pipe T(0,1)). After the two parts of SH waves (pipe T(0,1)) are synthesized, the energy is enhanced, and the receiving coil at the receiving end can further improve the transducer efficiency, thus completely realizing the effective monitoring of defects by multimodal acoustic waves. Similarly, when the excitation end excites SH waves (pipe T(0,1)) and Lamb waves (pipe L(0,2)), and the receiving end is mainly used to receive the reflected Lamb waves (pipe L(0,2)), the situation is the same and will not be elaborated here.

[0088] The second type is that the transducer coils of the guided wave transducer module 1 and the guided wave transducer module 2 can be connected in series. The transducer coils in the same direction on the adjacent and different magnetostrictive strips 300 at the bottom are also connected in series as a whole to achieve overall self-excitation and self-reception. After the signals are collected, post-processing is carried out. The advantage of this monitoring method is that the excitation end generates pure SH wave modes (pipe T(0,1)) and Lamb wave modes (pipe L(0,2)), and the receiving end can receive the SH wave modes (pipe T(0,1)) and Lamb wave modes (pipe L(0,2)) at one time. This method has a high recognition rate for defects in different orientations and relatively high sensitivity. Because SH waves (pipe T(0,1)) are sensitive to defects in the axial direction of the pipe, and Lamb waves (pipe L(0,2)) are sensitive to defects distributed circumferentially on the pipe. This monitoring method can not only generate two pure modes, but also the receiving end can receive two types of modal acoustic waves with different sensitivities to different orientations reflected from the defect, which is very suitable for the effective monitoring of different types of defects at large-range distances and different orientations and different sizes of defects at large-range distances.

[0089] Embodiment 3 This embodiment proposes a multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100. Compared with the excitation method of winding the excitation coil outside the U-shaped magnetic core 21 and the U-shaped magnetic core 11 in Embodiment 2, the excitation coil is replaced with a high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 to make the excitation structure form a permanent magnet excitation structure. Specifically, as Figure 31As shown, cup-shaped sleeves 9 are sleeved on the left and right columns of U-shaped core two 21 and U-shaped core one 11. A high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 is arranged outside the cup-shaped sleeve 9. Taking U-shaped core one 11 as an example, the left and right columns of U-shaped core one 11 are inserted into the cup-shaped sleeve 9. This structure uses U-shaped core one 11 of 1J22 soft magnetic alloy electromagnet with a relatively high Curie point temperature as the magnetic conduction component. Two high-temperature resistant magnet structures 10 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the two cup-shaped sleeves 9 close to each other, and the polarities of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures 10 are opposite. The bottom of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 is attached to the cup-shaped sleeve 9 and does not directly contact the high-temperature detection object (i.e., the high-temperature magnetostrictive strip 300), which can greatly reduce the steady-state temperature of the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 and enable the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 to maintain magnetism for a long time. On this basis, the permanent magnet excitation structure can be used for long-term monitoring in a high-temperature environment pipeline. Compared with the channel of winding excitation coils outside U-shaped core two 21 and U-shaped core one 11, the energy output can be reduced.

[0090] In addition, in the excitation structure, the excitation coil and the high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 can be retained at the same time. The high-temperature resistant magnet structure 10 provides a pre-magnetic field, and the excitation coil further applies a magnetic field on this basis, which can ensure that the magnetic field in the magnetostrictive strip 300 is more stable. At the same time, it also reduces the inconvenience of disassembly and assembly of the transducer after problems occur in the excitation, and double-guarantees the output of the static magnetic field.

[0091] Embodiment 4 This embodiment proposes a guided wave detection system 400, which simultaneously includes a multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 of multiple Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. As Figure 33As shown in the figure, it is a schematic structural diagram of a guided wave detection system 400 that simultaneously includes multiple multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 of Embodiment 1. The multiple multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 of the guided wave detection system 400 are arranged in a circumferential array. Defining a circle of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 evenly distributed at circumferential intervals on the pipeline 200 as a transducer circumferential array, the guided wave detection system 400 can simultaneously include multiple transducer circumferential arrays, and the multiple transducer circumferential arrays are arranged at axial intervals along the pipeline 200. In each transducer circumferential array, any two adjacent multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 are connected by a set of hinges 500. The hinge 500 generally includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, and a pin shaft. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are respectively fixed on the packaging shells 5 of two adjacent multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100. Pin holes are respectively opened at the ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod that are close to each other. By inserting the pin shaft through the pin holes of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod at the same time, the connection between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod can be realized, and further the connection between two adjacent multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 can be realized; at the same time, the pin shaft is detachable, making the disassembly and assembly of two adjacent multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 very convenient; in addition, the pin shaft and the pin hole are in movable fit, so that a hinge joint is formed between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, so that two adjacent multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 can move relative to each other, improving flexibility.

[0092] The guided wave detection system 400 is essentially a multi-element integrated structure of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers. Considering that in the long-term extreme high-temperature monitoring of the multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100, relying solely on the temperature-resistant characteristics of the structural parts to support the stable performance required during the monitoring process has certain drawbacks. Therefore, a certain degree of cooling of some components that withstand harsh environments can be achieved through the water / oil circulation cooling method, so that the guided wave detection system 400 can maintain good performance during long-term monitoring. The conventional cooling method is generally integrated with the sensor, that is, for a certain type of pipeline within a fixed size range, the overall basic size and the degree of holding curvature of the applied magnetostrictive multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer have certain requirements, and the same is true for the cooling system involved, which performs a wrapping operation around the overall transducer. Therefore, the adaptability to pipelines with uncertain sizes in a large range from small curvature to large curvature is very poor. In order to meet the cooling requirements of multi-array magnetostrictive multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers that can adapt to different curvature pipelines, in this embodiment, a detachable, serpentine-structured cooling elbow 600 is preferably adopted. The serpentine-structured cooling elbow 600 is as Figure 33 and Figure 35As shown, any two adjacent multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 in the circumferential array of transducers are uniformly aligned one by one, thus forming multiple columns of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 on the outer periphery of the pipeline 200. Any column of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the pipeline 200. The serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 is preferably a flexible hose. After the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 penetrates through all the encapsulation housings 5 of one column of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100, it makes a bend, and after passing through each column of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100, the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 makes a reverse bend, that is, the directions of any two adjacent bends are opposite. After the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 sequentially penetrates through each column of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100, it forms Figure 33 the serpentine structure shown. By using the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600, a single cooling elbow can penetrate through all the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 in the guided wave detection system 400, with a simple structure and convenient adjustment. Through holes parallel to the axial direction of the pipeline 200 are provided on a pair of side walls of the encapsulation housing 5 of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 for the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 to penetrate through. After the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 penetrates into the encapsulation housing 5, it avoids the guided wave transducer module one 1 and the guided wave transducer module two 2 without affecting the functions of the guided wave transducer module one 1 and the guided wave transducer module two 2.

[0093] During use, the inlet end 601 of the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 is used to connect to the water / oil supply device, enabling the circulation of water / oil in the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600 to cool each multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100. The water / oil flowing through all the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 finally discharges from the outlet end 602 of the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600. By continuously introducing water / oil into the inlet end 601 of the serpentine structural cooling elbow 600, the cyclic cooling of each multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100 can be achieved.

[0094] For the above-mentioned guided wave detection system 400, based on the annular array arrangement of the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100, the number of multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers 100 in each transducer circumferential array can be flexibly increased or decreased to adapt to pipelines 200 with different diameters. As Figure 33 shown, the guided wave detection system 400 has two circumferential arrays, with a total of 64 array elements (the array element is the multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer 100) integrated, and the maximum clamping range can reach 820 mm.

[0095] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. depicted in the attached drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they do not have substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope within which the present invention can be implemented.

[0096] Specific examples are used in the present invention to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes according to the idea of the present invention. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer, characterized in that It includes a first guided-wave transducer module and a second guided-wave transducer module. Among them, the first guided-wave transducer module can excite the SH wave mode on a flat plate and the T(0,1) mode in a pipeline to detect a first defect with a length dimension extended along the axial direction of the pipeline. The second guided-wave transducer module can excite the Lamb wave mode on a flat plate and the L(0,2) mode in a pipeline to detect a second defect with a length dimension extended along the circumferential direction of the pipeline.

2. The multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 1, wherein Both the first guided-wave transducer module and the second guided-wave transducer module include an excitation module and a transducer module. The excitation module is an electromagnet excitation module. The transducer module includes a ceramic base and a transducer coil. The transducer coil is wound around the ceramic base with the axis of the ceramic base as the axis. In the first guided-wave transducer module: The electromagnet excitation module includes a U-shaped core 1 and an excitation coil 1. The two columns of the U-shaped core 1 are both wound with the excitation coil 1 for electromagnet excitation. The excitation coils 1 on the two columns are connected in series, and the winding directions of the excitation coils 1 on the two columns are opposite. The ceramic base is arranged directly below the U-shaped core 1, and the two axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two columns of the U-shaped core 1. In the second guided-wave transducer module: The electromagnet excitation module includes a U-shaped core 2 and an excitation coil 2. The two columns of the U-shaped core 2 are both wound with the excitation coil 2 for electromagnet excitation. The excitation coils 2 on the two columns are connected in series, and the winding directions of the excitation coils 2 on the two columns are opposite. The ceramic base is arranged directly below the U-shaped core 2, and the axis of the ceramic base is perpendicular to the U-shaped core 2.

3. The multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that The first guided-wave transducer module and the second guided-wave transducer module are integrally arranged. The multi-modal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided-wave transducer further includes a packaging shell and a packaging bottom plate arranged at the bottom opening of the packaging shell. The U-shaped core 1 and the U-shaped core 2 are both arranged in the packaging shell. The ends of the two columns of the U-shaped core 1 are fixed or in contact with the packaging bottom plate. The U-shaped core 2 straddles above the U-shaped core 1 and is orthogonal to the U-shaped core 1. The ends of the two columns of the U-shaped core 2 are fixed or in contact with the packaging bottom plate. The first guided-wave transducer module and the second guided-wave transducer module share a set of the transducer module. The ceramic base of the transducer module is arranged on the packaging bottom plate and is directly below the U-shaped core 1. The two axial ends of the ceramic base respectively point to the two columns of the U-shaped core 1.

4. The multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 2, wherein The first waveguide transducer module and the second waveguide transducer module are arranged separately, and the first waveguide transducer module and the second waveguide transducer module respectively have independent packaging housings. The exciting module and the transducer module of the first waveguide transducer module are fixed within the packaging housing of the first waveguide transducer module, and the exciting module and the transducer module of the second waveguide transducer module are fixed within the packaging housing of the second waveguide transducer module; the first exciting coil of the first waveguide transducer module and the second exciting coil of the second waveguide transducer module are connected in series.

5. The multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 4, wherein The first U-shaped magnetic core of the first waveguide transducer module and the second U-shaped magnetic core of the second waveguide transducer module are respectively used to be arranged on two magnetostrictive tapes arranged at intervals.

6. The multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 4, characterized in that The exciting module uses a permanent magnet exciting module to replace the electromagnet exciting module; In the first waveguide transducer module: the permanent magnet exciting module includes the first U-shaped magnetic core and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures. The two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite; In the second waveguide transducer module: the permanent magnet exciting module includes the second U-shaped magnetic core and two high-temperature resistant magnet structures. The two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the two columns of the second U-shaped magnetic core, and the magnetic poles of the two high-temperature resistant magnet structures are opposite.

7. The multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to claim 6, wherein Cup-shaped sleeves are sleeved outside the two columns of the first U-shaped magnetic core and the two columns of the second U-shaped magnetic core; an exciting coil or the high-temperature resistant magnet structure is arranged outside the cup-shaped sleeve.

8. The multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducer according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The transducer coil includes an inner-layer transducer coil and an outer-layer transducer coil, and a snap clamping device is further arranged on the outer periphery of the ceramic base; the inner-layer transducer coil is wound around the outer periphery of the ceramic base, and the inner-layer transducer coil is located inside the snap clamping device; the outer-layer transducer coil is wound around the outer periphery of the snap clamping device; the center frequency of the outer-layer transducer coil is lower than the center frequency of the inner-layer transducer coil; Both the inner-layer transducer coil and the outer-layer transducer coil are hand-wound zigzag coils.

9. A guided wave detection system, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of transducer circumferential arrays arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline. Any one of the transducer circumferential arrays includes a plurality of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers as described in any one of claims 2 to 8, and any two adjacent multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive waveguide transducers are movably connected by hinges.

10. The guided wave detection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, It further includes a serpentine-structured cooling elbow; any two adjacent circumferential arrays of the transducers of the multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers are uniformly aligned one by one to form multiple columns of multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers on the outer periphery of the pipeline, and any column of the multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers is arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline; the serpentine-structured cooling elbow sequentially penetrates through each column of the multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, and after the serpentine-structured cooling elbow penetrates through all the encapsulation housings of one column of the multimodal composite excitation high-temperature magnetostrictive guided wave transducers, it is bent once, and the directions of any two adjacent bends are opposite.

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