Radioactive substance and radiation power conversion device thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical scheme. The invention belongs to the field of new energy and nuclear energy battery technology. The method is a comprehensive and systematic method for directly converting radioactive substances and radiation of the radioactive substances into electric energy. The utilization of radioactive substances is the utilization of a contact potential effect existing among substances with different Fermi levels. The utilization of the radiation is the utilization of the contact potential effect of a non-Fermi level; according to the technical scheme, the contact potential effect formed by the electric potential generated by radiation rays and radiation on a polar plate is utilized, and the effect is converted into electric energy capable of being actually utilized under the action of a medium which has conductivity and controls voltage and limits conductivity under a certain condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new energy, nuclear battery technology. Background Art

[0002] Currently, practical nuclear batteries are already highly mature products in terms of certain aspects of nuclear energy utilization. However, their nuclear energy utilization mechanisms are basically single correspondences at a certain level. This is the case for thermoelectric effects, radiovoltaic effects, etc. Although there are some studies on comprehensive utilization, there are still limitations. With the development needs of society, the comprehensive and systematic high-efficiency utilization of nuclear energy will be the future goal. This requires a shift from the utilization of nuclear energy to the all-round, multi-level, comprehensive and systematic integration of multiple technologies for radioactive substances and their radiation. Such as the integrated utilization of contact potential effect, radiovoltaic effect, photoelectric effect, and thermoelectric effect. The present invention focuses on the technical solution from this perspective.

[0003] If this technical solution can play a minor role in inspiring the development of nuclear battery technology in China and improving the miniaturization technology of nuclear energy utilization, it will also be the honor and glory of the present invention.

[0004] Reference materials: "Nuclear Battery", Northwestern Polytechnical University. Summary of the Invention

[0005] I. Principle Conditions

[0006] 1. Utilization of the contact potential effect existing between conductors of substances with different Fermi levels.

[0007] 2. Utilization of the positive and negative charges of ions generated by the ionization effect when α-rays enter a substance.

[0008] 3. Utilization of the radiovoltaic effect generated by the electron flow of β-rays.

[0009] 4. Utilization of the photoelectric effect inherent in the electromagnetic wave nature of γ-rays.

[0010] II. Concept of the Solution

[0011] The essence of the present invention is the utilization of the contact potential effect, that is, the utilization of the concept of the contact potential effect existing between substances with different Fermi levels, that is, the utilization of the non-Fermi level contact potential effect existing between a substance conductor that generates an electric potential due to receiving radiation and other substance conductors that do not receive radiation. The generation of the non-Fermi level contact potential has several different principle methods. This solution is a unit technology design with different principles.

[0012] 1. Unit

[0013] This unit is the utilization of the contact potential effect existing between different Fermi levels, and α-rays are utilized within this unit.

[0014] A plate made of radioactive material and a non-radioactive material plate with a contact potential corresponding to it, and a medium that has electrical conductivity under certain conditions and controls voltage and limits conductivity (abbreviated as conductivity control medium, the same hereinafter, Note 1) form a "potential energy discharge device" of radioactive material (Note 2) to achieve the result of utilizing the electrical energy generated by the contact potential effect. At the same time, when alpha rays enter the conductivity control medium, the positive and negative charges of the ions generated by the ionization energy will act on the two plates, increasing the electrical potential energy of this unit.

[0015] Note 1: Materials with the properties of conductivity control medium: non-professional items such as A4 paper, facial tissue, sodium alginate, abrasive cloth with conductivity control performance, edible laver, table salt, various cloths with conductivity control performance, natural silica sand, etc.

[0016] Note 2: The "potential energy discharge device" has been submitted for a patent application by the inventor. Application number: 202111052832.4.

[0017] 2. Unit

[0018] This unit is the application of the beta-ray radiovoltaic effect.

[0019] When beta rays enter the corresponding material, the electrons in the electron flow are captured and absorbed to generate an electric potential. Under the action of the conductivity control medium, a potential difference is generated with another existing plate. In this type of potential energy discharge device, the electric potential generated by beta rays is converted into contact electric potential energy and appears as converted electrical energy.

[0020] 3. Unit

[0021] This unit is the application of the gamma-ray photoelectric effect.

[0022] Gamma rays act on a material with a limiting frequency, causing electrons to escape. The material conductor that can accept electrons correspondingly serves as another plate. In the potential energy discharge device formed by it and the conductivity control medium, gamma rays are converted into electrical energy.

[0023] 4. Combination

[0024] Arrange the non-radioactive material plate of Unit 1 facing the radiation receiving plate surfaces of Unit 2 and Unit 3 in sequence to form a tight combination, and the technical solution is completed.

[0025] III. Summary

[0026] 1. In the concept of this solution, it consists of three unit parts: a potential energy discharge device unit composed of radioactive substances, a quasi-potential energy discharge device using beta rays, and a quasi-potential energy discharge device using gamma rays. The assumption here is that the non-radioactive substance plate of one unit is composed of a substance that can allow the electron flow of beta rays to pass through. Currently, there are research reports that graphene can allow the electron flow to pass through without hindrance, and theoretically, there should be a contact potential between it and radioactive substances. In addition to graphene, there may be other conductor substances that can allow the electron flow to pass through and produce a contact potential effect with radioactive substances.

[0027] 2. This technical solution is the utilization of the energy of substances in different forms. The forms of electrical energy conversion in each unit are different. But the total conversion source comes from the radioactive substance plate. Based on the nature of the omnidirectional radiation of radioactive substances, the device can also be designed in a compound form, that is, corresponding components and unit groups are set on both sides of the radioactive substance plate to improve the utilization effect of radioactive substances.

[0028] 3. The electrical energy conversion generated by the structural form in this technical solution is different from the existing mechanisms of other nuclear energy conversion into electrical energy. It is the utilization of the potential difference generated by the radiation of two plates, which is the application of the concept of the Fermi level contact potential theory. That is, the contact potential effect is generated between substances with different Fermi levels, and it is extended to the utilization of the non-Fermi level contact potential effect caused by the imbalance of the potential between two artificially manufactured substance conductors.

[0029] 4. This technical solution is a conceptual design from the utilization method of the contact potential effect, so it does not involve practical problems such as the medium application, self-absorption of the radiation source, and heat treatment radiation protection currently existing in non-thermal energy conversion nuclear batteries. If this solution is combined with the utilization of the thermoelectric effect, it will be a more complete design solution for the comprehensive systematic utilization of radioactive substances. At the same time, due to the high-energy penetrability of gamma rays, multiple groups of units can be used here to completely convert it into electrical energy, showing the energy advantage.

[0030] Main reference materials:

[0031] "Research on SiC and GaAs-based beta-radiation volt effect nuclear batteries", Master's thesis of Jilin University, June 2023, author: Zhang Xue, supervisor: Professor Lu Jingbin.

[0032] "How is the global nuclear battery technology progressing?" Giant Lithium Battery official website

[0033] "Research on high-efficiency comprehensive nuclear batteries", published in: Electronics World, authors: Zhang Hongying, Zhong Li, Peng Shan, Ren Tingting, Hu Songyuan, Ma Xubo from North China Electric Power University; Zhao Jing from China Astronaut Center of Science and Technology Training. Specific implementation methods

[0034] This specific implementation assumes a technical solution with radioactive substances emitting α, β, and γ radiation.

[0035] I. Design scheme of the radioactive substance potential energy discharge device. Abbreviated as the mother component.

[0036] 1. Components

[0037] ① Radioactive substance electrode plate, abbreviated as the main electrode plate;

[0038] ② Non-radioactive substance electrode plate, abbreviated as the secondary electrode plate;

[0039] ③ Conductance control medium;

[0040] ④ Insulating paper.

[0041] 2. Assembly

[0042] Centrally lay and fix them in the order of insulating paper, main electrode plate, conductance control medium, secondary electrode plate, and insulating paper, and the mother component scheme is completed.

[0043] II. Design scheme of the β-radiation-based potential energy-like discharge device, abbreviated as the sub-component.

[0044] 1. Components

[0045] ① The electrode plate made of a substance that can capture and absorb β radiation to generate electric potential, abbreviated as the capture electrode plate;

[0046] ② When there is an electric potential on the capture electrode plate due to β radiation, the electrode plate made of a substance that generates an electric potential difference with it, abbreviated as the potential difference electrode plate;

[0047] ③ Conductance control medium;

[0048] ④ Insulating paper.

[0049] 2. Assembly

[0050] Centrally lay and fix them in the order of capture electrode plate, conductance control medium, potential difference electrode plate, and insulating paper, and the sub-component scheme is completed.

[0051] III. Design scheme of the γ-ray-based potential energy-like discharge device, abbreviated as the secondary sub-component.

[0052] 1. Components

[0053] ① The electrode plate made of a substance that has a photoelectric effect with γ rays, abbreviated as the escape electrode plate;

[0054] ② When there is electron escape on the escape electrode plate, the electrode plate made of a substance with the ability to absorb electrons, abbreviated as the absorption electrode plate;

[0055] ③ Conductance control medium;

[0056] ④ Insulating paper.

[0057] 2. Assembly

[0058] Centrally lay and fix them in the order of the escape plate, the conductance control medium, the absorption plate, and the insulating paper, and the secondary sub-assembly solution is completed.

[0059] IV. Sub-assembly combination

[0060] 1. Accessories of the sub-assembly

[0061] ① Mother sub-assembly; ② Sub-assembly; ③ Secondary sub-assembly; ④ Pressing tool; ⑤ Rubber pad

[0062] 2. Combination

[0063] Align the secondary plate side of the mother sub-assembly with the capture plate side of the sub-assembly, and align the potential difference plate side of the sub-assembly with the escape plate side of the secondary sub-assembly, and place them in the pressing tool. Place rubber pads at both ends of the three sets of placed sub-assemblies to apply pressure to achieve good contact between the components within the sub-assembly. The entire design solution is completed.

[0064] V. Principle and effect

[0065] According to the principle, there will be electric potential energy between the main plate and the secondary plate of the completed "radioactive substance and its radiation-to-electricity device" mother sub-assembly, between the capture plate and the potential difference plate of the sub-assembly, and between the escape plate and the absorption plate of the secondary sub-assembly.

Claims

1. A method for converting the radiation of radioactive substances into electrical energy under the action of a medium (hereinafter referred to as the conductance control medium) that has electrical conductivity by itself under certain conditions, controls voltage, and limits conductivity, between the plates of the photovoltaic and photovoltaic potential effects generated by it and the plates that do not generate such effects, that is, a method for converting the radiation of radioactive substances into electrical energy by arranging two plates with a conductance control medium in the middle and passing the radiation of radioactive substances through these two plates.