Plasma power supply, control method thereof and fusion reaction system

Abstract

The invention provides a plasma power supply, a control method thereof and a fusion reaction system. The plasma power supply comprises a breakdown power supply module and a lead-out power supply module. The breakdown power supply module is used for outputting a first voltage to the plasma generator, and the plasma generator generates plasma under the pressurization of the first voltage; under the condition that the output voltage drops from the first voltage to the second voltage, the second voltage is maintained to be output to the plasma generator; the lead-out power supply module is used for forming an electric field between the plasma generator and a shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and forming plasma current between the shell and the plasma generator based on plasma and the electric field under the condition that the plasma generator generates the plasma; according to the plasma power supply, plasma current can be directly formed in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and the forming process of the plasma current is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and particularly relates to a plasma power supply, its control method, and a fusion reaction system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of electronic technology, there are more and more electronic devices with various functions, and different functional electronic devices have different requirements for current.

[0003] Exemplarily, in a nuclear fusion reaction device, a plasma gun (i.e., a plasma generator) can be used to input plasma into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. After that, through the control of the magnetic field, the plasma in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber can form a plasma current, and then the plasma is heated to the fusion reaction temperature to occur a fusion reaction.

[0004] However, currently, based on the plasma output by the plasma gun, the process of forming a plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber is relatively complex. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a plasma power supply, its control method, and a fusion reaction system, which can directly form a plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and simplify the process of forming the plasma current.

[0006] On the one hand, the present application provides a plasma power supply, which includes: a breakdown power supply module and an extraction power supply module;

[0007] The breakdown power supply module is used to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, wherein the plasma generator generates plasma under the pressure of the first voltage; and when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to a second voltage, it maintains outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator;

[0008] The extraction power supply module is used to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator generates plasma, a plasma current is formed between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

[0009] On the other hand, the present application provides a control method for a plasma power supply, which is applied to the above plasma power supply, and the method includes:

[0010] Controlling the breakdown power supply module in the plasma power supply to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, and when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to a second voltage, maintaining outputting the second voltage to the plasma generator;

[0011] Control the extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. And when the plasma generator generates plasma, based on the plasma and the electric field, a plasma current is formed between the outer shell and the plasma generator.

[0012] On the other hand, the present application provides a fusion reaction system, including: a nuclear fusion reaction device, a plasma generator, and the above-mentioned plasma power supply;

[0013] The positive electrode of the breakdown power supply module and the negative electrode of the extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply are both connected to the anode of the plasma generator. The negative electrode of the breakdown power supply module is connected to the cathode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the extraction power supply module is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

[0014] The plasma power supply provided by the present application includes a breakdown power supply module and an extraction power supply module. The breakdown power supply module can be used to generate plasma in the plasma generator and maintain the plasma during the stage when the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module is maintained at the second voltage. The extraction power supply module can form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and based on the plasma generated by the plasma generator and this electric field, a plasma current is formed between this outer shell and the plasma generator, realizing the extraction of the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. In this way, a plasma current can be obtained without adding an additional magnetic field to control the plasma generated by the plasma generator, and the formation process of the plasma current can be simplified. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fusion reaction system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a plasma power supply provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a control method for a plasma power supply provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0018] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0019] The terms used in one or more embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present application. The singular forms "a", "the", and "said" used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The term "at least one" in one or more embodiments of the present application refers to "one or more", and "a plurality" refers to "two or more". The term "comprising" is an open-ended description and should be understood as "including but not limited to", and other content may also be included based on the described content.

[0020] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used in one or more embodiments of the present application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present application, "first" may also be referred to as "second", and similarly, "second" may also be referred to as "first". Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when" or "while" or "in response to determining".

[0021] Currently, nuclear fusion is widely studied because it can provide a large amount of clean energy by using low-cost fuels. In some implementation manners of nuclear fusion reactions, a plasma generator (such as a plasma gun) is used for pre-ionization to break down the gas to generate the plasma required for the nuclear fusion reaction, and then the plasma is driven by an induced current or a non-induced current to achieve the nuclear fusion reaction. The plasma generator breaks down the gas to generate plasma by receiving the voltage applied by the plasma power supply. To ensure the stable and efficient nuclear fusion reaction, it is required that the plasma generator can stably generate and maintain the plasma.

[0022] In the related art, a single high-voltage capacitor is used in the plasma power supply to apply a voltage to the plasma generator to achieve gas breakdown and plasma maintenance. This method requires the capacitor to have the characteristics of high voltage and large capacity, and the implementation and control of the capacitor are difficult, and the economy of the plasma power supply is poor. Moreover, this plasma generator can only generate plasma, and subsequent plasma driving is performed by other components in the nuclear fusion reaction system. To ensure that the plasma generator generates plasma meeting the requirements, the plasma generator needs to draw out the plasma current for testing before actual use. The plasma power supply connected to the plasma generator in the related art cannot directly draw out this current, so the testing process of the plasma generator will be relatively complicated.

[0023] The embodiment of the present application provides a plasma power supply, which is relatively easy to implement and control, and has high economic efficiency. Moreover, it can extract the plasma current for the plasma generator, facilitating the test of the plasma generator. It can also directly form a plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber when the plasma generator is in use, simplifying the formation process of the plasma current. The embodiment of the present application also relates to a control method of a plasma power supply and a fusion reaction system.

[0024] Figure 1 FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fusion reaction system provided by an embodiment of the present application. The fusion reaction system includes a plasma power supply 10, a plasma generator 20, and a nuclear fusion reaction device (not shown in the figure).

[0025] The nuclear fusion reaction device may include a nuclear fusion reaction chamber for accommodating plasma to undergo nuclear fusion reaction. When a nuclear fusion reaction occurs, the nuclear fusion reaction chamber usually needs to maintain a vacuum state, and this nuclear fusion reaction chamber may also be referred to as a vacuum chamber.

[0026] The plasma generator 20 may be fixed to the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. For example, if the nuclear fusion reaction chamber has a window, the head of the plasma generator 20 can extend into the window so that the head space of the plasma generator 20 is communicated with the internal space of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The plasma generator 20 has an anode and a cathode, and the plasma generator 20 generates plasma by breaking down the gas between the anode and the cathode. The anode and the cathode are arranged at the head of the plasma generator 20 to facilitate spraying the generated plasma into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The plasma generator 20 may be a plasma gun.

[0027] As Figure 1 shown, the plasma power supply 10 includes a breakdown power supply module 101 and an extraction power supply module 102. The positive pole of the breakdown power supply module 101 can be connected to the negative pole of the extraction power supply module 102, and both are connected to the anode of the plasma generator 20. The negative pole of the breakdown power supply module 101 can be connected to the cathode of the plasma generator 20, and the positive pole of the extraction power supply module 102 can be connected to the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber may have a grounded outer electrode. Connecting the positive pole of the extraction power supply module 102 to the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber can connect to this outer electrode.

[0028] The breakdown power supply module 101 is used to output a first voltage to the plasma generator 20, so that the plasma generator 20 breaks down the gas between the anode and the cathode under the pressure of the first voltage to generate plasma. After that, a plasma current can be formed between the anode and the cathode, and the breakdown power supply module 101 and the anode and the cathode form a current loop. After the plasma current is formed between the anode and the cathode, the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module 101 can gradually decrease. When the output voltage drops to the second voltage, the breakdown power supply module 101 can maintain the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator 20.

[0029] The extraction power supply module 102 is used to form an electric field between the plasma generator 20 and the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. When the plasma generator 30 generates plasma, the plasma can diffuse between the plasma generator 20 and the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. Then, under the action of this electric field, a plasma current can be formed between the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the plasma generator 20. In this way, it is equivalent to leading the plasma current between the anode and the cathode of the plasma generator 30 to between the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the plasma generator 20.

[0030] In the embodiment of the present application, after the breakdown power supply module 101 outputs a voltage to cause the plasma generator 20 to generate plasma, the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, the anode and the cathode of the plasma generator 20 can successively form a plasma current loop to realize leading the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. Since the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber is grounded, at this time, relative to the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, the anode of the plasma generator 20 can be at a relatively negative potential, and the cathode of the plasma generator 20 can be at an even more negative potential.

[0031] In the plasma power supply 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application, the breakdown power supply module 101 can be the pre-stage power supply of the extraction power supply module 102, and the extraction power supply module 102 is the post-stage power supply of the breakdown power supply module 101. The plasma power supply 10 has the ability to drive two sections of plasma loads in the plasma generator 20 and the nuclear fusion reaction chamber at the same time. In the fusion reaction system, the plasma power supply 10 can be directly used to form a plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, without the need to additionally form a magnetic field through other structures to drive the plasma, which can simplify the formation process of the plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present application, when the plasma generator 20 is not disposed in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, the plasma generator 20 can still be tested. For example, the plasma current generated by the plasma generator 20 is led out to a test space by the plasma power supply 10 to detect whether the plasma current meets the requirements. In this case, the anode of the extraction power supply module 102 in the plasma power supply 10 can be connected to the electrode in the test space, and the outer shell 30 of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber is not connected. When the plasma current meets the requirements, the plasma generator 20 is then applied to the nuclear fusion reaction to ensure that the performance of the plasma generator 20 is good when applied to the nuclear fusion reaction and to ensure a good effect of the nuclear fusion reaction.

[0033] The plasma power supply 10 will be introduced in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a plasma power supply provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 2 shown, the plasma power supply 10 includes a breakdown power supply module 101 and an extraction power supply module 102. Figure 2 The anode and cathode in refer to the anode and cathode of the plasma generator respectively, Figure 2 and the ground terminal GND in represents the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber.

[0034] The breakdown power supply module 101 may include: a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, and a switch unit T. The first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in parallel, and the positive electrode of the parallel capacitors is connected to the anode of the plasma generator through the switch unit T, and the negative electrode is connected to the cathode of the plasma generator. As Figure 2 shown, the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor C2, the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the negative electrode of the second capacitor C2, the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is further connected to the first end of the switch unit T, the second end of the switch unit T is connected to the anode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is further connected to the cathode of the plasma generator.

[0035] The capacitance of the first capacitor C1 may be smaller than the capacitance of the second capacitor C2, and the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 may be greater than the output voltage of the second capacitor C2. For example, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 is a second voltage. The first capacitor C1 is a capacitor with a high voltage and a low capacitance, and the second capacitor C2 is a capacitor with a low voltage and a high capacitance. By way of example, the first capacitor C1 may be a high-voltage thin-film capacitor, and the second capacitor C2 may be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Both the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 may be a single capacitor or a capacitor bank obtained by connecting multiple capacitors in parallel.

[0036] When the switching unit T is turned on, a first voltage can be applied to the anode and cathode of the plasma generator through the first capacitor C1. Under the action of the first voltage, the gas between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator is broken down, and plasma is gradually generated. Since the resistance of the plasma is small, a plasma current can be formed between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator. Due to the small capacitance and large output voltage of the first capacitor C1, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 will drop rapidly. When the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 drops below the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 (such as the second voltage), the second capacitor C2 outputs a voltage to the plasma generator to maintain the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator and maintain the generation of plasma between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator.

[0037] As the second capacitor C2 discharges, its capacitance will gradually decrease. After a certain period of time, the second capacitor C2 will no longer be able to maintain the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator. After that, the plasma current between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator will gradually disappear. The breakdown current module 101 outputs a pulsed current to the plasma generator 20, and the duration of maintaining the second voltage is also the pulse width of the pulsed current. For example, the duration for which the second capacitor C2 maintains the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator can be 30 milliseconds. This duration is related to the capacitance, discharge performance, and output voltage of the second capacitor C2, and this duration can also be 20 milliseconds, 40 milliseconds, or other durations, and this duration can even reach 100 milliseconds to 200 milliseconds, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. Since heat will gradually accumulate on the plasma generator as it discharges, which may cause equipment damage, in the embodiments of the present application, the duration for which the second capacitor C2 maintains the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator can be made shorter.

[0038] In one example, the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 can be 100 microfarads, and the capacitance of the second capacitor C2 can be 0.28 farads. The output voltage range of the first capacitor C1 can be 1300 volts to 1500 volts, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 can be 200 volts to 400 volts. For example, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 can be 1500 volts, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 can be 400 volts. The output currents of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be the same, such as both being 2000 amperes. This value is only an example, and the capacitances, output voltages, and output currents of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can also be different from the foregoing values, and the respective parameter values of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can also be adjusted accordingly when the requirements for the plasma current are different.

[0039] In some embodiments, the switching unit T is an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), the first end of the switching unit T is the collector, and the second end of the switching unit T is the emitter. The gate of the switching unit T can be connected to a control unit, and the control unit can control the conduction and cutoff of the switching unit T. The switching unit T can also be replaced by other power devices that can support large current transmission.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, two groups of capacitors are adopted in the breakdown power supply module 101 to respectively achieve the breakdown of the gas and the maintenance of the plasma. The two groups of voltages are respectively a high-voltage and low-capacity voltage and a low-voltage and high-capacity capacitor. Since the implementation technology of capacitors with such characteristics is relatively mature, the capacitors required in the breakdown power supply module 101 are relatively easy to obtain and control, and the economy of the plasma power supply is relatively good.

[0041] The first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 in the breakdown power supply module 101 can also be connected to a DC power supply to be charged through the DC power supply, so that the first capacitor C1 is charged to a first voltage and the second capacitor C2 is charged to a second voltage. After the charging is disconnected, the air pressure and magnetic field in the plasma generator can be adjusted to the required conditions, and then the switching unit T is turned on, so that the breakdown power supply module 101 discharges the plasma generator.

[0042] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the breakdown power supply module 101 may further include: a first anti-reverse diode D1, a second anti-reverse diode D2, a first current-limiting resistor R1, a second current-limiting resistor R2, and a third current-limiting resistor R3. The first anti-reverse diode D1 and the first current-limiting resistor R1 are located on the branch where the first capacitor C1 is located and are connected in series with the first capacitor C1. The second anti-reverse diode D2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2 are located on the branch where the second capacitor C2 is located and are connected in series with the second capacitor C2. The third current-limiting resistor R3 is located on the branch where the switching unit T is located.

[0043] The first anti-reverse diode D1 is used to prevent the current and voltage of the first capacitor C1 from reversing, and the second anti-reverse diode D2 is used to prevent the current and voltage of the second capacitor C2 from reversing. The first current-limiting resistor R1, the second current-limiting resistor R2, and the third current-limiting resistor R3 are used to prevent the current in the circuit from being too high when the anode and cathode of the plasma generator break down the gas, and reduce the current oscillation in the circuit. After the gas is broken down, the output voltage of the first capacitor C1 can be mainly consumed through the first current-limiting resistor R1, and the output voltage of the second capacitor C2 can be mainly consumed through the second current-limiting resistor R2.

[0044] The above anti-reverse diodes and current-limiting resistors can be connected according to the following connection method.

[0045] The positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the auxiliary node J through the first reverse protection diode D1 and the first current-limiting resistor R1. The input end of the first reverse protection diode D1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1, and the output end of the first reverse protection diode D1 is connected to the auxiliary node J. Figure 2 Taking the input end of the first reverse protection diode D1 connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 through the first current-limiting resistor R1 as an example, that is, the first current-limiting resistor R1 is located between the first capacitor C1 and the first reverse protection diode D1. The positions of the first reverse protection diode D1 and the first current-limiting resistor R1 can also be interchanged.

[0046] The positive electrode of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the auxiliary node J through the second reverse protection diode D2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2. The input end of the second reverse protection diode D2 is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor C2, and the output end of the second reverse protection diode D2 is connected to the auxiliary node J. Figure 2 Taking the output end of the second reverse protection diode D2 connected to the auxiliary node J through the second current-limiting resistor R2 as an example, that is, the second reverse protection diode D2 is located between the second capacitor C2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2. The second reverse protection diode D2 and the second current-limiting resistor R2 can also be interchanged.

[0047] The first end of the switch unit T is connected to the auxiliary node J, and the second end of the switch unit T is connected to the anode of the plasma generator through the third current-limiting resistor R3. The second end of the switch unit T is connected to the first end of the third current-limiting resistor R3, and the second end of the third current-limiting resistor R3 is connected to the anode of the plasma generator.

[0048] The resistance value of the first current-limiting resistor R1 can be greater than that of the second current-limiting resistor R2. The resistance values of the first current-limiting resistor R1 and the second current-limiting resistor R2 can both be greater than that of the third current-limiting resistor R3. Exemplarily, the resistance value of the first current-limiting resistor R1 can be 5 ohms, the resistance value of the second current-limiting resistor R2 can be 250 milliohms, and the resistance value of the third current-limiting resistor R3 can be 100 milliohms. The foregoing resistance values can also be other values, which can be specifically set according to the circuit requirements, and are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0049] In the embodiments of the present application, some of the components among the first reverse protection diode D1, the second reverse protection diode D2, the first current-limiting resistor R1, the second current-limiting resistor R2, and the third current-limiting resistor R3 may not be provided, and the circuit structure of the breakdown power supply module 101 can be adjusted accordingly. Other circuit structures obtained by the adjustment will not be additionally illustrated here.

[0050] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 2, the breakdown power supply module 101 may further include: a first bypass resistor R4. Two ends of the first bypass resistor R4 may be respectively connected to the anode and the cathode of the plasma generator. The second end of the switching unit T is also connected to the first end of the first bypass resistor R4, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is also connected to the second end of the first bypass resistor R4. When the breakdown power supply module 101 includes a third current-limiting resistor R3, the second end of the switching unit T may be connected to the first end of the first bypass resistor R4 through the third current-limiting resistor R3.

[0051] The first bypass resistor R4 is used to prevent the anode and cathode of the plasma generator from not being broken down and affecting the circuit. When not broken down, the current output by the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be transmitted through the first bypass resistor R4. For example, when the breakdown power supply module 101 outputs a first voltage to the plasma generator and the plasma generator does not generate plasma, the first bypass resistor R4 is used to transmit the current corresponding to the first voltage. Even if for some reasons (such as the air pressure, magnetic field not meeting the requirements or the plasma's own load being unstable) the anode and cathode of the plasma generator cannot break down the gas, the energy in the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can also be slowly released through the first bypass resistor R4 to ensure the reliability of the circuit.

[0052] The resistance value of the first bypass resistor R4 may be greater than the resistance values of the first current-limiting resistor R1, the second current-limiting resistor R2, and the third current-limiting ancestor R3. By way of example, the resistance value of the first bypass resistor R4 may be 500 ohms. This resistance value may also be other values, and specifically may be set according to the circuit requirements, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0053] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the breakdown power supply module 101 further includes: a third capacitor C3 and a third anti-reverse diode D3. The third capacitor C3 may be connected in parallel with the third anti-reverse diode D3 and in parallel with the first bypass resistor R4.

[0054] The second end of the switching unit T is also connected to the positive electrode of the third capacitor C3, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is also connected to the negative electrode of the third capacitor C3. The positive electrode of the third capacitor C3 is also connected to the output end of the third anti-reverse diode D3, and the negative electrode of the third capacitor C3 is also connected to the input end of the third anti-reverse diode D3. When the breakdown power supply module 101 includes a third current-limiting resistor R3, the second end of the switching unit T is connected to the positive electrode of the third capacitor C3 through the third current-limiting resistor R3.

[0055] The third capacitor C3 can absorb the mutant current generated when the plasma generator breaks down the gas to generate plasma. When the plasma generated between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator forms a plasma current, the load in the circuit will suddenly become smaller, and there may be stray inductance in the circuit, causing the current in the circuit to suddenly increase. The third capacitor C3 can absorb this suddenly increased current to ensure the stability of the circuit. When the plasma current between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator goes out, there may also be a current spike in the circuit to generate a mutant current, and this mutant current can also be absorbed by the third capacitor C3.

[0056] The third capacitor C3 can be a capacitor with high withstand voltage. The capacitance of the third capacitor C3 can be smaller than the capacitances of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. By way of example, the capacitance of the third capacitor C3 can be at the microfarad level. For example, the capacitance of the third capacitor C3 is 2.8 microfarads. This capacitance can also be other values, which can be specifically set according to the circuit requirements, and the embodiments of the present application do not make any limitations.

[0057] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the extraction power supply module 102 includes: at least two capacitor modules M connected in series. Among the at least two capacitor modules M connected in series, the two capacitor modules M at both ends are respectively connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator. Each capacitor module M can include: a capacitor C and at least two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor C.

[0058] When the breakdown power supply module 101 outputs the first voltage, the two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor C in each capacitor module M are turned on, so that the capacitors C in each capacitor module M are connected in series. For example, when the switch unit T is turned on, the two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor C can be turned on. Further, the series-connected capacitors C jointly apply a voltage to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator to form an electric field between the outer shell and the anode. Under the action of this electric field, the plasma generated by the plasma generator is used to form a plasma current between the outer shell and the anode.

[0059] In the embodiments of the present application, the duration of the plasma current between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator can be relatively close to the duration of the plasma current between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator. The difference in the durations of these two durations can be within 0.5 milliseconds. For example, the plasma current between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator can also be maintained for 30 milliseconds. This can avoid the anode of the plasma generator discharging to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, resulting in ablation of the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber; and can improve the utilization rate of the plasma and the duration of the nuclear fusion reaction; it can also prevent the plasma from moving randomly in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and avoid affecting the working processes of other components.

[0060] Among at least two capacitor modules M in the breakdown power supply module 102, the voltage provided by one capacitor module M can be used as a base, and the voltages provided by other capacitor modules M can be floating voltages superimposed on this base. By setting these multiple capacitor modules M, the current waveform can be controlled more precisely, ensuring that the change amplitude of the plasma current led into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber within the duration is relatively small, and the waveform of the plasma current can be a flat-top waveform. Based on this plasma current, the stability of the subsequent nuclear fusion reaction can be improved.

[0061] In the embodiments of the present application, take the breakdown power supply module 102 including two capacitor modules M, and each capacitor module M including four switches, with each end of each capacitor C connected to two switches as an example. As Figure 2 shown, the setting of this capacitor module M can be similar to an H-bridge circuit. Each capacitor module M includes a first switch T1, a second switch T2, a third switch T3, and a fourth switch T4. In each capacitor module M, the positive electrode of the capacitor C, the first end of the first switch T1, and the first end of the third switch T3 are connected, the negative electrode of the capacitor C, the second end of the second switch T2, and the second end of the fourth switch T4 are connected, the second end of the first switch T1 is connected to the first end of the second switch T2, and the second end of the third switch T3 is connected to the first end of the fourth switch T4.

[0062] When the breakdown power supply module 101 outputs a first voltage, the second switch T2 and the third switch T3 in each capacitor module M can be made to conduct, and the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 can be made to disconnect. At this time, the capacitors C in the two capacitor modules M are connected in series to apply a voltage to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, so as to form an electric field between the outer shell and the anode, and further form a plasma current.

[0063] In the process of the second switch T2 and the third switch T3 in each capacitor module M being turned on, the on-duty ratio of the switch can be adjusted by pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the current waveform transmitted in the extraction power module 102. For example, the current waveform can be made to be a flat-top wave, and the change value of the plasma current is less than the target threshold value to ensure that the plasma current is substantially constant. The adjustment parameter of the duty ratio can be set based on the current and voltage (such as the voltage output by the capacitor C) in the measured extraction power module 102. For example, the second switch T2 in each capacitor module M can be kept normally open, and the on-duty ratio of the third switch T3 can be adjusted.

[0064] The capacitor C in the capacitor module M can output a current that meets the current value required by the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The plasma current required in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber is relatively large, such as reaching 10 kiloamperes. Each switch in each capacitor module M can be composed of multiple sub-switches to ensure that each switch can support the transmission of 10 kiloamperes of current. The capacitor C in the capacitor module M can be an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. The capacity of the capacitor C can be relatively small, such as 0.56 farads. The output voltage of the capacitor C can also be relatively small, such as the type of the capacitor C in each capacitor module M can be the same, and the capacitance can also be the same. The capacitors C in different capacitor modules M can also be different, and the control parameters of the modulation model can be changed accordingly. The capacitor C can be a single capacitor or formed by multiple sub-capacitors connected in parallel.

[0065] Each switch in the capacitor module M may be an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, the first end of the switch is a collector, and the second end of the switch is an emitter. The gate of the switch may be connected to a control unit, which may control the on and off of the switch. The IGBT includes a diode connected in parallel with the transistor. During the discharge of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M, the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 may only function as diodes. In some embodiments, the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 may also be replaced by diodes. The switch may also be replaced by other power devices that can support larger current transmission.

[0066] In some embodiments, the switches in the two capacitor modules M may belong to an integral module, the capacitors C in the two capacitor modules M may belong to an integral module, and the two modules may be connected to obtain the two capacitor modules M connected in series. The composition structure of the power module 101 can be relatively simple and can be flexibly adjusted. If the second switch T2 or the third switch T3 in any capacitor module M fails, it is only necessary to reverse the capacitor C and the module to which the switch belongs, so that the positive electrode of the capacitor C is connected to the second end of the second switch T2 and the second end of the fourth switch T4, without replacing the entire circuit structure, which is convenient for circuit maintenance.

[0067] In the embodiments of the present application, the extraction power supply module 102 may also include three or even more capacitor modules M. The capacitor module M may also include only three or two switches. One end of the capacitor C may also be connected to only one switch. For example, the first switch T1 and the fourth switch T4 may not be provided in the capacitor module M.

[0068] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the extraction power supply module 102 may further include: a second bypass resistor R5. Two ends of the second bypass resistor R5 may be respectively connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator. The two capacitor modules M at both ends in at least two series-connected capacitor modules M may be respectively connected to the two ends of the second bypass resistor R5.

[0069] The second bypass resistor R5 is used to prevent the circuit from being affected by the non-formation of the plasma current between the outer shell and the anode. When the plasma current is not formed, the current transmitted by the capacitor C in each capacitor module M can be transmitted through the second bypass resistor R5. Even if the plasma current cannot be formed due to certain reasons, the energy in the capacitor C can be slowly released through the second bypass resistor R5 to ensure the reliability of the circuit. Exemplarily, the resistance value of the second bypass resistor R5 may be 30 ohms. This resistance value may also be other values, which can be specifically set according to the circuit requirements, and the embodiments of the present application do not make limitations.

[0070] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the extraction power supply module 102 may further include an inductor L. The capacitor module M is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber through the inductor L. For example, the second end of the third switch T3 in the capacitor module M is connected to the first end of the fourth switch T4, and both are also connected to the first end of the inductor L; the second end of the inductor L is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber.

[0071] The inductor L can play a role in stabilizing the current in the extraction power supply module 102, reducing the rising and falling rates of the current, and balancing the instability of the plasma load. When the plasma impedance between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator becomes higher, the presence of the inductor L can ensure that a higher voltage is provided to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, ensuring the stability of the current in the circuit. Even if the plasma current between the anode and the cathode of the plasma generator quenches, it can ensure that the plasma current between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator is not affected, ensuring better power supply safety.

[0072] The rated current of the inductor L can be relatively high, and the structural strength can be relatively high. The inductance of the inductor L can be relatively small. For example, the inductance of the inductor L can be 50 microhenries. This inductance value may also be other values, which can be specifically set according to the circuit requirements, and the embodiments of the present application do not make limitations.

[0073] In some embodiments, with continued reference to Figure 2 , the extraction power supply module 102 may further include a fourth current-limiting resistor R4. The capacitor module M is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber through the fourth current-limiting resistor R4 and the inductor L. The fourth current-limiting resistor R4 may be located between the capacitor module M and the inductor L, and the capacitor module M is connected to the first end of the inductor L through the fourth current-limiting resistor R4. Alternatively, the inductor L may be located between the capacitor module M and the fourth current-limiting resistor R4.

[0074] The fourth current-limiting resistor R4 is used to prevent the current in the circuit from being too high when a plasma current is generated between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, and to reduce the current oscillation in the circuit. The resistance value of the fourth current-limiting resistor R4 may be relatively small. For example, the resistance value of the fourth current-limiting resistor R4 may be 50 milliohms. This resistance value may also be other values, which can be specifically set according to the circuit requirements, and the embodiments of the present application do not make limitations.

[0075] In some embodiments, with continued reference to Figure 2 , the extraction power supply module 102 may further include a freewheeling diode D4. The input end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the anode of the plasma generator, and the output end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The freewheeling diode D4 may be located after the inductor L, and the second end of the inductor L is also connected to the output end of the freewheeling diode D4. The input end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M. For example, the input end of the freewheeling diode D4 is connected to the second end of the first switch T1 and the first end of the second switch T2, and then is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M through the second switch T2.

[0076] The freewheeling diode D4 can be used to provide freewheeling for the plasma between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, and to provide freewheeling for the stray inductance in the transmission line of the extraction power supply module 102. When the capacitor C in the capacitor module M stops discharging, the plasma current between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, as well as the current generated by the stray inductance in the transmission line, can still be transmitted through the freewheeling diode D4.

[0077] In the embodiments of the present application, only Figure 2 is taken as an example to illustrate the case where the plasma power supply 10 includes all the above-mentioned components. The components in the above different embodiments can also be combined differently to obtain different structures of the plasma power supply 10, which will not be additionally illustrated here.

[0078] In the plasma power supply 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application, the breakdown power supply module 101 is responsible for outputting a breakdown voltage (i.e., the above-mentioned first voltage) and a pulsed current to the plasma generator. For example, the breakdown voltage reaches 1500 volts, the current value of the pulsed current is 2000 amperes, and the duration can reach 30 milliseconds. The breakdown voltage is provided by the first capacitor C1. When the breakdown voltage is applied to the anode and cathode of the plasma generator, the gas in the plasma generator can be broken down to generate plasma. After that, the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module 101 can quickly drop to the second voltage (such as 400 volts) and maintain this voltage, and continue to output a pulsed current of 2000 amperes. The maintained second voltage and the continuously output current thereafter are provided by the second capacitor C2. In this way, the breakdown power supply module 101 and the plasma generated by the plasma generator can form a plasma current loop and maintain this plasma current. The extraction power supply module 102 is responsible for extracting the plasma current from the plasma generator into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. The extraction power supply module 102 can output a current with a current value of 10 kA, and the duration can reach 30 milliseconds. After the breakdown power supply module 101 generates plasma in the plasma generator, the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, the anode and cathode of the plasma generator can form a plasma current loop.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the capacitors in the plasma power supply 10 can be charged to the target capacitance value first. For example, the first capacitor C1 in the breakdown power supply module 101 can be charged to 1500 volts, the second capacitor C2 can be charged to 400 volts, and the capacitor C in the extraction power supply module 102 can be charged to 300 volts. After that, the conditions such as the air pressure and magnetic field in the plasma generator and the nuclear fusion reaction chamber can be adjusted to appropriate parameters, and then the switch unit T is turned on. At this time, the breakdown power supply module 101 applies a breakdown voltage to the anode and cathode of the plasma generator by using its first capacitor C1, and the current output by the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 at this time can be transmitted through the first bypass resistor R4. Under the action of this breakdown voltage, the gas between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator is broken down and gradually generates plasma, and the current output by the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can be transmitted through this plasma. Since the impedance of the plasma as a load is very small, the first bypass resistor R4 is equivalent to being short-circuited. And thereafter, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 quickly drops below the second voltage (such as 400 volts), and the second capacitor C2 maintains discharging to the plasma generator, and the maintained current is about 30 milliseconds.

[0080] When triggering the turn-on switch unit T, the second switch T2 and the third switch T3 in each capacitor module M of the extraction power supply module 102 can be triggered to turn on simultaneously. At this time, the capacitor C, the fourth current-limiting resistor R6, the inductor L, and the second bypass resistor R5 in the capacitor module M form a current loop. Moreover, an electric field is formed between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator in the extraction power supply module 102 during nuclear fusion. During this process, the turn-on duty ratios of the second switch T2 and the third switch T3 can be controlled based on the output voltage of the capacitor C to ensure a constant power supply in the circuit. After the gas between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator is broken down and plasma is gradually generated, the plasma can diffuse between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator, and a plasma current will gradually form under the action of the electric field, realizing the formation of a plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. This plasma current can also last for 30 milliseconds. In this way, a plasma current loop is formed between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode and cathode of the plasma generator.

[0081] If breakdown cannot be achieved between the anode and cathode of the plasma generator during the above process, the breakdown power supply module 101 can release the capacitor voltage through the first bypass resistor R4, and the extraction power supply module 102 can release the capacitor voltage through the second bypass resistor R5.

[0082] In the plasma power supply provided by the embodiment of the present application, the breakdown power supply module can output a relatively high breakdown voltage to meet the requirement of the plasma generator for stable breakdown. After the plasma is generated, the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module can be automatically maintained at a lower voltage to meet the requirement of stably maintaining the plasma. The extraction power supply module can extract a plasma current with a relatively large current value to meet the requirement of driving a large-current plasma. The extraction power supply module can adopt a feedback control technology to adjust the waveform of the extracted plasma current by controlling the turn-on duty ratio of the switch, so that the waveform of the plasma current can be a flat-top waveform to ensure the stability of the plasma current. Moreover, the extraction power supply module can use an inductor to prevent the influence on the plasma current in the nuclear fusion reaction chamber when the plasma current at the plasma generator quenches, and the safety of this power supply is relatively high.

[0083] In summary, the plasma power supply provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a breakdown power supply module and an extraction power supply module. The breakdown power supply module can be used to generate plasma in the plasma generator, and maintain the plasma during the stage when the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module is maintained at the second voltage. The extraction power supply module can form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and form a plasma current between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma generated by the plasma generator and this electric field, so as to realize the extraction of the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. In this way, a plasma current can be obtained without adding an additional magnetic field to control the plasma generated by the plasma generator, which can simplify the formation process of the plasma current.

[0084] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a control method for a plasma power supply provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method is applied to the above-mentioned plasma power supply 10. Exemplarily, the plasma power supply 10 can be connected to a control unit, and the control unit can be used to execute this control method to control the plasma power supply 10. As Figure 3 shown, this method may include:

[0085] Step 302, control the breakdown power supply module in the plasma power supply to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, and maintain the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to the second voltage.

[0086] The control unit can control the switch unit in the breakdown power supply module to turn on, so as to control the breakdown power supply module to output a first voltage to the plasma generator. Under the application of the first voltage, plasma can be generated between the anode and cathode of the plasma. After that, the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module can automatically drop, and when it drops to the second voltage, the output of the second voltage can be maintained. The first voltage and the second voltage can be provided by two capacitors in the breakdown power supply module respectively.

[0087] Step 304, control the extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and form a plasma current between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and this electric field when the plasma generator generates plasma.

[0088] Exemplarily, when the control unit controls the breakdown power supply module to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, it can control the capacitor in the extraction power supply module to output a current, so as to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. Subsequently, after the plasma is generated, under the action of this electric field, a plasma current can be formed between the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator.

[0089] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 , the control unit controls two switches (such as the second switch T2 and the third switch T3) respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor C in each capacitor module M to conduct, so that the capacitor C in each capacitor module M outputs a voltage to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, so as to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell.

[0090] During the process of controlling the two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor C in the capacitor module M to conduct, the control unit can adjust the on-duty ratio of the switches in each capacitor module M to make the change value of the plasma current less than the target threshold.

[0091] For Figure 3 the control method shown, reference can be made to the above relevant introduction to the plasma power supply, and details will not be elaborated here.

[0092] In summary, in the control method of the plasma power supply provided by the embodiments of the present application, the breakdown power supply module in the plasma power supply can be controlled to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, so that the plasma generator generates plasma, and the plasma is maintained during the stage when the output voltage of the breakdown power supply module is maintained at the second voltage. The extraction power supply module forms an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and based on the plasma generated by the plasma generator and the electric field, a plasma current is formed between the outer shell and the plasma generator, so as to realize leading the plasma current into the nuclear fusion reaction chamber. In this way, a plasma current can be obtained without adding an additional magnetic field to control the plasma generated by the plasma generator, and the formation process of the plasma current can be simplified.

[0093] The above describes specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Additionally, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0094] Those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present application. In the above embodiments, each embodiment is described with emphasis. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0095] The preferred embodiments of the present application disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present application. The alternative embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the present application to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of the present application. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can understand and utilize the present application well.

Claims

1. A plasma power supply, characterized in that, The plasma power supply includes: a breakdown power supply module and an extraction power supply module; The breakdown power supply module is used to output a first voltage to the plasma generator. Wherein, the plasma generator generates plasma under the pressure of the first voltage; when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to a second voltage, the second voltage is maintained to be output to the plasma generator; The extraction power supply module is used to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator generates plasma, a plasma current is formed between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

2. The plasma power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breakdown power supply module includes: a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a switch unit, and the capacitance of the first capacitor is less than the capacitance of the second capacitor; The positive electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor, the negative electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the negative electrode of the second capacitor, the positive electrode of the first capacitor is further connected to the first end of the switch unit, the second end of the switch unit is connected to the anode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is further connected to the cathode of the plasma generator; The first capacitor is used to output the first voltage to the plasma generator when the switch unit is turned on; the second capacitor is used to maintain the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to the second voltage.

3. The plasma power supply according to claim 2, wherein The breakdown power supply module further includes: a first anti-reverse diode, a second anti-reverse diode, a first current-limiting resistor, a second current-limiting resistor and a third current-limiting resistor, and the resistance value of the first current-limiting resistor is greater than the resistance value of the second current-limiting resistor; The positive electrode of the first capacitor is connected to an auxiliary node through the first anti-reverse diode and the first current-limiting resistor, and the input end of the first anti-reverse diode is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor, and the output end of the first anti-reverse diode is connected to the auxiliary node; The positive electrode of the second capacitor is connected to the auxiliary node through the second anti-reverse diode and the second current-limiting resistor, and the input end of the second anti-reverse diode is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor, and the output end of the second anti-reverse diode is connected to the auxiliary node; The first end of the switch unit is connected to the auxiliary node, and the second end of the switch unit is connected to the anode of the plasma generator through the third current-limiting resistor.

4. The plasma power supply according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The breakdown power supply module further includes: a first bypass resistor; The second end of the switch unit is further connected to the first end of the first bypass resistor, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is further connected to the second end of the first bypass resistor; The first bypass resistor is used to: transmit the current corresponding to the first voltage when the breakdown power supply module outputs the first voltage to the plasma generator and the plasma generator does not generate plasma.

5. The plasma power supply according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The breakdown power supply module further includes: a third capacitor and a third anti-reverse diode; The second end of the switch unit is also connected to the positive electrode of the third capacitor, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is also connected to the negative electrode of the third capacitor; the positive electrode of the third capacitor is also connected to the output end of the third anti-reverse diode, and the negative electrode of the third capacitor is also connected to the input end of the third anti-reverse diode; The third capacitor is used to absorb the mutant current generated when the plasma generator generates plasma.

6. The plasma power supply according to claim 1, wherein, The extraction power supply module includes: at least two capacitor modules connected in series, and the two capacitor modules at both ends are respectively connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber and the anode of the plasma generator; Each capacitor module includes: a capacitor and at least two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor; when the breakdown power supply module outputs a first voltage, the two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor in each capacitor module are turned on, and the capacitors in the at least two capacitor modules output voltages to form an electric field between the outer shell and the anode.

7. The plasma power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each capacitor module includes a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch; In each capacitor module, the positive electrode of the capacitor, the first end of the first switch and the first end of the third switch are connected, the negative electrode of the capacitor, the second end of the second switch and the second end of the fourth switch are connected, the second end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the second switch, and the second end of the third switch is connected to the first end of the fourth switch; When the breakdown power supply module outputs a first voltage, the second switch and the third switch in each capacitor module are turned on, and the first switch and the fourth switch are turned off.

8. The plasma power supply according to claim 7, wherein Any one of the switches in the capacitor module is an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, the first end of the switch is the collector, and the second end of the switch is the emitter.

9. The plasma power supply according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, The extraction power supply module further includes: a second bypass resistor; The two capacitor modules at both ends of the at least two series-connected capacitor modules are also respectively connected to both ends of the second bypass resistor; The second bypass resistor is used for: transmitting the current output by the capacitors in the at least two capacitor modules when an electric field is formed between the outer shell and the anode and no plasma current is generated.

10. The plasma power supply according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, The extraction power supply module further includes: an inductor, a fourth current-limiting resistor and a freewheeling diode; The at least two capacitor modules are connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber through the inductor and the fourth current-limiting resistor; the at least two capacitor modules are connected to the first end of the inductor, and the second end of the inductor is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber; The second end of the inductor is also connected to the output end of the freewheeling diode, and the input end of the freewheeling diode is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor in the at least two capacitor modules.

11. A control method for a plasma power supply, characterized in that, Applied to the plasma power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the method includes: Controlling the breakdown power supply module in the plasma power supply to output a first voltage to the plasma generator, and maintaining the output of the second voltage to the plasma generator when the output voltage drops from the first voltage to the second voltage; Control the extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, and when the plasma generator generates plasma, form a plasma current between the outer shell and the plasma generator based on the plasma and the electric field.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The extraction power supply module includes at least two capacitor modules connected in series. Each capacitor module includes: a capacitor and at least two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor; controlling the extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber includes: Controlling two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor in each capacitor module to conduct, so that the capacitors in the at least two capacitor modules output voltage to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber, so as to form an electric field between the plasma generator and the outer shell.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein The method further includes: During the process of controlling two switches respectively connected to both ends of the capacitor in each capacitor module to conduct, adjusting the on-duty ratio of the switches in each capacitor module to make the change value of the plasma current less than the target threshold.

14. A fusion reaction system, characterized in that, The fusion reaction system includes: a nuclear fusion reaction device, a plasma generator, and the plasma power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 10; The positive electrode of the breakdown power supply module and the negative electrode of the extraction power supply module in the plasma power supply are both connected to the anode of the plasma generator, the negative electrode of the breakdown power supply module is connected to the cathode of the plasma generator, and the negative electrode of the extraction power supply module is connected to the outer shell of the nuclear fusion reaction chamber in the nuclear fusion reaction device.

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