Method for improving saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement method, which belongs to the field of soil improvement, and mainly comprises the following steps: collecting waste mushroom sticks, crushing into mushroom dregs, adding wheat bran, cow dung and quicklime powder, adding water, building a heap for fermentation, adding bacillus amyloliquefaciens after fermentation for 2-3 times, and continuing fermentation to prepare a microbial fertilizer. The microbial fertilizer is sown in the saline-alkali soil, meanwhile, the soybeans are subjected to coating treatment, and then the soybeans are planted. The method can solve the problem of edible fungus waste residue treatment, reduces the production cost of the microbial fertilizer, can effectively relieve the agricultural waste treatment pressure, protects the ecological environment, and improves the soil condition of saline-alkali soil. The microbial fertilizer prepared by the improvement method of the saline-alkali soil is mainly used for soybean planting, solves the problem that soybean planting expansion is difficult in the saline-alkali soil in Heilongjiang province, and realizes soybean planting expansion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil improvement, and particularly to a method for improving saline-alkali soil. Background Art

[0002] The total area of saline-alkali soil in Heilongjiang Province is 15.354 million mu, mainly distributed in Qiqihar City, Daqing City and Suihua City. The main components are NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, with a small amount of sulfates and chlorides. It is a typical inland soda saline-alkali soil and is difficult to treat. At present, in some areas, microbial bacterial fertilizers are used to improve saline-alkali soil. The microorganisms in the microbial bacterial fertilizers can decompose organic matter to produce organic acids, which can activate nutrients such as calcium in the soil and displace adsorbed sodium, helping to reduce the salinity of the soil. At the same time, the microbial bacterial fertilizer can also improve the buffering performance of the soil, making the soil more suitable for crop growth.

[0003] Heilongjiang Province is a high-quality soybean production base in China. The planting area accounts for 48% of the country, and the annual output accounts for 47% of the country, ranking first in China in terms of soybean planting area and total output. At present, microbial bacterial fertilizers are mostly applied to crops such as corn and rice, and there is no microbial bacterial fertilizer specifically applied to soybean planting. Moreover, the price of microbial bacterial fertilizers is relatively high and not suitable for large-scale use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which can solve the problems in the prior art that microbial bacterial fertilizers for treating saline-alkali soil are mostly applied to crops such as corn and rice, there is no microbial bacterial fertilizer specifically applied to soybean planting, and the price of microbial bacterial fertilizers is relatively high and not suitable for large-scale use.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:

[0006] A method for improving saline-alkali soil, comprising:

[0007] S1. Collect waste mushroom sticks, remove the contaminated parts by miscellaneous bacteria, and crush the waste mushroom sticks into mushroom residues;

[0008] S2. Add 3 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of cow dung and 2 parts of quicklime powder to 80 parts of mushroom residues, and mix evenly to obtain mixture A;

[0009] S3. Add water to the mixture A until the humidity reaches 60%, and mix evenly to obtain mixture B;

[0010] S4. Pile up the mixture B, drill holes for aeration every 20 cm at the top and side of the piled material heap, and set a thermometer in the center of the material heap to monitor the temperature in the center of the material heap;

[0011] S5. When the temperature in the center of the material heap reaches 60 °C, maintain it for 24 hours, and then turn the pile;

[0012] S6. Repeat steps S4 - S5 two to three times;

[0013] S7. Add Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DS - 2 to the turned - over mixture B, mix evenly, build a pile, and punch holes for aeration every 20 cm at the top and sides of the piled - up material heap. Ferment until white actinomycetes appear in the material heap to obtain the microbial fertilizer by fermentation;

[0014] S8. Evenly spread the fermented microbial fertilizer in the saline - alkali land according to a proportion. Rototill and ridging, and plant soybeans in the conventional method. Before planting, coat the soybeans with a seed coating agent.

[0015] Preferably, the waste mushroom sticks are one or more of the mushroom sticks of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota nameko, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, and Pleurotus eryngii after production.

[0016] Preferably, the width of the piled - up material heap is 1.5 - 2.0 m, and the height is 1.1 - 1.5 m.

[0017] Preferably, before crushing the waste mushroom sticks, break and peel off the outer packaging, and then crush the waste mushroom sticks without the outer packaging bag.

[0018] Preferably, the seed coating agent used for the coating treatment is fludioxonil · metalaxyl - M.

[0019] An improvement method for saline - alkali land of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The improvement method for saline - alkali land disclosed by the present invention mainly uses waste mushroom residues as raw materials, adds wheat bran, cow dung, insecticide, and quicklime powder, ferments, and then adds Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for fermentation to obtain the microbial fertilizer. It can solve the problem of treating waste mushroom residues of edible fungi, reduce the production cost of the microbial fertilizer, effectively relieve the pressure of agricultural waste treatment, protect the ecological environment, and improve the soil condition of saline - alkali land. And the microbial fertilizer prepared by the improvement method for saline - alkali land disclosed by the present invention is mainly used for soybean planting, solving the problem that it is relatively difficult to expand soybean planting in saline - alkali land in Heilongjiang Province. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0022] Figure 1 For the influence of the improvement method for saline - alkali land of an embodiment of the present disclosure on the pH value of saline - alkali land;

[0023] Figure 2 For the improvement method of saline-alkali land applying an embodiment of the present disclosure, the influence on the yield increase rate and benefits

[0024] Figure 3 Soil 16S detection results of the improvement method of saline-alkali land applying an embodiment of the present disclosure

[0025] Figure 4 Soil ITS detection results of the improvement method of saline-alkali land applying an embodiment of the present disclosure Specific embodiments

[0026] The method of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention

[0027] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments

[0028] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices

[0030] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "over", "on the upper surface", "upper" etc. can be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature shown in the figure with other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations during use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure for the device. For example, if the device in the attached drawing is inverted, a device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will then be positioned "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both the orientations of "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding interpretations are made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0031] A method for improving saline-alkali land, comprising:

[0032] S1. Collect waste mushroom sticks, remove the parts contaminated with miscellaneous bacteria, and crush the waste mushroom sticks into mushroom residues. The selected waste mushroom sticks are one or more of the mushroom sticks of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota nameko, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, and Pleurotus eryngii after production. The waste mushroom sticks of other edible fungi can also be selected.

[0033] S2. Add 3 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of cow dung, and 2 parts of quicklime powder to 80 parts of mushroom residues, and mix evenly to form mixture A;

[0034] S3. Add water to the mixture A until the humidity reaches 60%, and mix evenly to form mixture B;

[0035] S4. Pile up the mixture B. For ease of operation, the width of the piled material heap is 1.5 - 2.0 m, the height is 1.1 - 1.5, and the length is not limited and can be reasonably set according to the fermentation site. At the top and side of the piled material heap after piling up, make holes for oxygenation every 20 cm, and set a thermometer in the center of the material heap to monitor the temperature at the center of the material heap.

[0036] S5. When the temperature at the center of the material heap reaches 60 °C, maintain it for 24 hours, and then turn the pile;

[0037] S6. Repeat steps S4 - S5 for 2 - 3 times.

[0038] S7. Add Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DS-2 to the mixture B after turning the pile. Mix evenly and build a pile. At the top and sides of the pile after building, make holes for aeration every 20 cm and ferment until white actinomycetes appear in the pile to obtain the microbial fertilizer. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DS-2 is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, address: Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, preservation date: November 24, 2022, preservation number CCTCC NO: M20221815.

[0039] S8. Evenly spread the fermented microbial fertilizer in the saline-alkali land at a certain proportion. The application rate of the microbial fertilizer is 10 - 13 jin / m 2 . Rototill and ridging, and plant soybeans by the conventional method. Before planting, the soybeans need to be coated. The seed coating agents used for coating treatment can be fludioxonil·metalaxyl-M, 35% thiamethoxam·carbendazim·fubaiwei, ningnanmycin, and preferably fludioxonil·metalaxyl-M.

[0040] Break and peel off the outer packaging of the waste mushroom sticks. The bag-breaking separation device independently developed by the Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (patent publication number CN211033314U) can be used, and then the waste mushroom sticks without the outer packaging bags are crushed.

[0041] The present invention can not only solve the problem of treating waste mushroom residues of edible fungi, but also improve the soil condition of saline-alkali land, and can also solve the problem of expanding soybean planting. By using the changes in the microbial communities generated by waste mushroom residues, soybean seed coating agents and microbial preparations to achieve the purpose of reducing the pH value, improving the utilization rate of rhizosphere nutrients of crops, and at the same time generating growth-promoting substances to promote the healthy growth of crops and make them suitable for the growth of food crops and vegetable crops.

[0042] Examples

[0043] The saline-alkali land soil improvement and soybean planting area are selected in Sartu District, Daqing City, and the average soil pH value is 8.1. The waste edible mushroom residues are fermented and added with the self-developed Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to make microbial fertilizer. The microbial fertilizer is evenly spread in the saline-alkali land, rototilled and ridged, and soybeans are planted by the conventional method. Three soybean seed coating agents are added (No. 1: fludioxonil·metalaxyl-M, No. 2: 35% thiamethoxam·carbendazim·fubaiwei, No. 3: ningnanmycin) for saline-alkali land improvement and soybean planting. Among them, the application rate of the microbial fertilizer is 11.54 jin / m 2 .

[0044] Figure 1 Shown is the influence of the saline-alkali land improvement method on the pH value of the saline-alkali land, Figure 2 Shown is the influence of the saline-alkali land improvement method on the yield increase rate and benefits. As shown in Table 1, the influence of the saline-alkali land improvement method on the soybean yield in the saline-alkali land, where:

[0045] 1-1(F) indicates: applying microbial fertilizer and using fluxapyroxad·mefenoxam seed coating agent;

[0046] 2-1(F) indicates: applying microbial fertilizer and using 35% thiamethoxam·fosthiazate·carboxin seed coating agent;

[0047] 3-1(F) indicates: applying microbial fertilizer and using ningnanmycin seed coating agent;

[0048] 1-1(W) indicates: not applying microbial fertilizer and using fluxapyroxad·mefenoxam seed coating agent;

[0049] 2-2(W) indicates: not applying microbial fertilizer and using 35% thiamethoxam·fosthiazate·carboxin seed coating agent;

[0050] 3-2(W) indicates: not applying microbial fertilizer and using ningnanmycin seed coating agent;

[0051] 4-1(F) indicates: only adding microbial fertilizer and not using seed coating agent;

[0052] 4-2(W) is the control group, indicating: not applying microbial fertilizer and not using seed coating agent.

[0053] Through the field investigation of physiological indexes at the mature stage, it can be seen that when soybeans are planted in saline-alkali land, the 8 combinations have different effects on the agronomic traits of soybeans. Applying the biological organic fertilizer-seed coating agent mode makes the agronomic traits of soybeans perform excellently. Among them, 1-1F performs the best, with 63.25 pods per plant, 142.7 grains per plant, and 15.6 g of 100-grain weight, significantly higher than the control. From the perspective of soil physical and chemical properties, the biological organic fertilizer-seed coating agent can increase N, P, and K in saline-alkali land soil; among them, the 2-1F combination and 4-1F decrease the pH value by 0.26 and 0.03 respectively ( Figure 1 ).

[0054] From the analysis of soybean yield data (Table 1), except for 2-2W, the other combinations can increase the yield of soybeans, significantly higher than the control. It shows that under saline-alkali land conditions, the efficacy of the No. 2 seed coating agent is affected, but when combined with biological organic fertilizer, it can effectively improve the soil physical and chemical properties and enable the normal exertion of the efficacy of the No. 2 seed coating agent. The 1-1F combination has the best effect, with a yield of 2817 kg / hm 2 , an increase of 8.93% compared with the control. According to the current market price of soybeans at 7 yuan / kg, the increased benefit is 1617 yuan / hm 2 ( Figure 2 )

[0055] Table 1 Effects of the improvement method of saline-alkali land disclosed in the present invention on the yield of soybeans in saline-alkali land

[0056]

[0057] During the experiment, soil was collected by the five-point method for physical and chemical index and microbial diversity detection. The 16S detection results are as Figure 3 shown, and the ITS detection results are as Figure 4 shown, where:

[0058] F1-1 means: applying microbial fertilizer and using fludioxonil·metalaxyl-M seed coating agent;

[0059] F2-1 means: applying microbial fertilizer and using 35% thiamethoxam·fosthiazate·carboxin seed coating agent;

[0060] F3-1 means: applying microbial fertilizer and using ningnanmycin seed coating agent;

[0061] F1-2 means: not applying microbial fertilizer and using fludioxonil·metalaxyl-M seed coating agent;

[0062] F2-2 means: not applying microbial fertilizer and using 35% thiamethoxam·fosthiazate·carboxin seed coating agent;

[0063] F3-2 means: not applying microbial fertilizer and using ningnanmycin seed coating agent;

[0064] F4-1 means: only adding microbial fertilizer and not using seed coating agent;

[0065] F4-2 is the control group, which means: not applying microbial fertilizer and not using seed coating agent.

[0066] From Figure 3 and Figure 4 it can be seen that applying microbial fertilizer and using soybean seed coating agent can significantly increase the number and diversity of bacterial flora. Among them, the top 5 phyla with similar abundances are Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi. At the genus level, Sphingomonas, RB41, and Raoultella have relatively high abundances.

[0067] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali land, characterized in that: include: S1, collecting the discarded mushroom sticks, removing the contaminated parts of the bacteria, and crushing the discarded mushroom sticks into mushroom residues; S2. 80 Add to the fungus residue 3 Servings of wheat bran, 1 Cow dung and 2 parts of quicklime powder, and mixing them uniformly to obtain a mixture A; S3, adding water to the mixture A until the humidity reaches 60%, and mixing evenly to obtain a mixture B; S4, the mixture B is piled up, holes are drilled every 20 cm on the top and sides of the pile after the pile is piled up to increase oxygen, and a thermometer is set in the center of the pile to monitor the temperature in the center of the pile; S5. When the temperature at the center of the pile reaches 60°C, maintain it for 24 hours and then turn the pile over; S6, repeat steps S4-S5 2-3 times; S7, adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DS-2 to the mixture B after compost turning, mixing evenly, and building a pile. After the pile is built, holes are punched every 20 cm on the top and side of the pile for oxygenation, and fermentation is performed until white actinomycetes appear in the pile, thereby obtaining a microbial fertilizer by fermentation; S8. Spread the fermented microbial fertilizer evenly in the saline-alkali land according to proportion, till the land, make ridges, and plant soybeans according to conventional methods. Before planting, coat the soybeans with a seed coating agent.

2. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discarded mushroom sticks are one or more of the mushroom sticks of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus eryngii after production.

3. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the pile after the pile is built is 1.5-2.0m, and the height is 1.1-1.5m.

4. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before crushing, the outer packaging of the discarded mushroom sticks is broken open and peeled off, and then the discarded mushroom sticks with the outer packaging bags removed are crushed.

5. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The best seed coating agent used in the coating treatment is fludioxonil-metalaxyl-M.

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