Q-elastic yellow croaker culture control system based on ecological dynamic model

Abstract

The invention discloses a Q-elastic yellow croaker culture control system based on an ecological dynamic model, and relates to the technical field of culture environment regulation and control. The method aims at solving the problem that the elasticity level of meat of yellow croakers obtained through an existing large yellow croaker breeding method is uneven. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring water temperature and water quality parameters of a culture pond, and weight, body length, protein content and muscle fiber density value of the large yellow croaker; the growth period of the pseudosciaena crocea is judged, the Q-elastic index of the pseudosciaena crocea is determined according to the collagen content and the muscle fiber density, and therefore whether the current pseudosciaena crocea is caught or not is determined; according to the growth period of the large yellow croaker, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the culture pond, and the collagen content and muscle fiber density of the large yellow croaker, the types of feeds required by the large yellow croaker in different growth periods, the required putting amount of the large yellow croaker in a meat quality improvement period, and the water temperature and water quality parameters required by the culture pond are obtained; and the water temperature and water quality parameters of the culture pond are adjusted according to the water temperature and water quality parameters. The method is used for breeding large yellow croakers with high meat elasticity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture environment regulation, and particularly relates to a "Q-elastic" yellow croaker aquaculture control system based on an ecological dynamics model. Background Art

[0002] The large yellow croaker is an important marine aquaculture fish in China and is distributed in coastal waters. It is deeply loved by consumers because of its delicious taste and rich nutrition. In the mid-1980s, the artificial breeding technology of large yellow croaker was broken through. Since the industrialization of aquaculture in 1997, the aquaculture scale and output have increased year by year, reaching 2.577 million tons in 2022, ranking first among farmed marine fish. However, the aquaculture conditions of large yellow croaker are diverse, resulting in different meat qualities of large yellow croaker. At present, consumers' attention to product quality is getting higher and higher, and the demand for large yellow croaker with better meat quality is also increasing. Therefore, how to breed large yellow croaker with better meat quality has become the research focus in this field.

[0003] At present, the aquaculture of large yellow croaker mainly relies on staff to manually set aquaculture conditions and feed ratios, so as to breed large yellow croaker with stronger meat elasticity according to experience. However, this method requires staff to set aquaculture conditions and feed ratios according to experience, and it is difficult to ensure the stable meat elasticity level of yellow croaker by setting feeding conditions and feed ratios according to experience. It cannot maintain a good meat elasticity level, resulting in uneven meat elasticity levels of yellow croaker. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of uneven meat elasticity levels of large yellow croaker obtained by the existing large yellow croaker aquaculture method, and to propose a "Q-elastic" yellow croaker aquaculture control system based on an ecological dynamics model.

[0005] A "Q-elastic" yellow croaker aquaculture control system based on an ecological dynamics model includes: an aquaculture condition acquisition module, a growth data acquisition module, a collagen content and muscle fiber density acquisition module, and a central control module;

[0006] The aquaculture condition acquisition module includes: a temperature acquisition unit and a water quality acquisition unit;

[0007] The temperature acquisition unit is used to acquire the water temperature of the aquaculture pond and send the water temperature of the aquaculture pond to the central control module;

[0008] The water quality acquisition unit is used to acquire the water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond and send the water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond to the central control module;

[0009] The water quality parameters include: dissolved oxygen in water body, ammonia nitrogen concentration in water body;

[0010] The growth data acquisition module is used to acquire the weight and body length of large yellow croakers in the current aquaculture pond, and send the weight and body length of the large yellow croakers to the central control module;

[0011] The collagen content and muscle fiber density acquisition module is used to acquire the protein content and muscle fiber density values of large yellow croaker samples, and send the protein content and muscle fiber density values of the large yellow croaker samples to the central control module;

[0012] The large yellow croaker sample is any large yellow croaker in the current aquaculture pond;

[0013] The central control module is used to judge the growth period of large yellow croakers according to the weight and body length of large yellow croakers, determine the Q-elastic index of large yellow croakers according to the collagen content and muscle fiber density, so as to determine whether to catch the current large yellow croakers;

[0014] The central control module is used to obtain the types of feed required for large yellow croakers in different growth periods, the feeding amount required for large yellow croakers in the meat quality improvement period, and the water temperature and water quality parameters required for the aquaculture pond according to the growth period of large yellow croakers, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the aquaculture pond, the collagen content and muscle fiber density of large yellow croakers, and adjust the water temperature and water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond according to the water temperature and water quality parameters.

[0015] Furthermore, the central control module includes: a growth period judgment unit, a fishing control unit, a feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit, a water quality adjustment unit, and a water temperature adjustment unit;

[0016] The growth period judgment unit includes: a growth period judgment subunit and a meat elasticity judgment subunit;

[0017] The growth period judgment subunit is used to judge the growth period of large yellow croakers according to the weight and body length of large yellow croakers, and send the growth period of large yellow croakers to the fishing control unit;

[0018] The growth period of the large yellow croakers includes: the fry stage and the meat quality improvement stage;

[0019] The meat elasticity judgment subunit is used to obtain the Q-elastic index value of large yellow croakers according to the collagen content and muscle fiber density values of large yellow croakers, and send the Q-elastic index value of large yellow croakers to the fishing control unit;

[0020] The fishing control unit is used to judge whether the large yellow croakers can be fished according to the growth period and Q-elastic index value of the large yellow croakers; if they can be fished, a fishing signal is sent; otherwise, the Q-elastic index value and the growth period of the large yellow croakers are sent to the feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit;

[0021] The feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit determines the type of feed required for the current large yellow croaker based on its growth stage, and obtains the required feed input amount, the required water temperature and water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond according to the Q-elastic index value of the large yellow croaker in the meat quality improvement period, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the aquaculture pond, the collagen content and muscle fiber density of the large yellow croaker, and sends the required water temperature of the aquaculture pond to the water temperature regulation unit and the required water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond to the water quality regulation unit;

[0022] The water temperature regulation unit is used to regulate the water temperature in the aquaculture pond according to the required water temperature of the aquaculture pond;

[0023] The water quality regulation unit is used to regulate the water quality parameters in the aquaculture pond according to the required water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond.

[0024] Further, the growth stage judgment subunit is used to judge the growth stage of the large yellow croaker according to its weight and body length, specifically:

[0025] If the weight of the large yellow croaker is greater than or equal to the preset weight or the body length of the large yellow croaker is greater than or equal to the preset body length, it means that the current large yellow croaker is in the meat quality improvement period; otherwise, it means that the current large yellow croaker is in the fry stage.

[0026] Further, the meat elasticity judgment subunit is used to obtain the Q-elastic index value of the large yellow croaker according to the collagen content and muscle fiber density value of the large yellow croaker, specifically:

[0027] Q(t)=k1C(t)+k2M(t)

[0028] where C(t) is the collagen content, k1 is the collagen content weight, M(t) is the muscle fiber density, and k2 is the muscle fiber density weight.

[0029] Further, the fishing control unit is used to judge whether the large yellow croaker can be fished according to the growth stage and Q-elastic index value of the large yellow croaker, specifically:

[0030] Compare the meat Q-elastic index with the preset Q-elastic index value. If the meat Q-elastic index value is greater than or equal to the preset Q-elastic index value and the current large yellow croaker is in the meat quality improvement period, it means that fishing can be carried out; otherwise, it means that fishing cannot be carried out.

[0031] Further, the feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit determines the type of feed required for the current large yellow croaker based on its growth stage, and obtains the required feed input amount, the required water temperature and water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond according to the Q-elastic index value of the large yellow croaker in the meat quality improvement period, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the aquaculture pond, the collagen content and muscle fiber density of the large yellow croaker, specifically:

[0032] A1. Determine the type of feed to be put in according to the growth stage of the large yellow croaker;

[0033] A2. Establish a hierarchical dynamic connection model for the aquaculture system;

[0034] A3. Establish an optimization objective, and based on the optimization objective, optimize the hierarchical dynamic connection model of the aquaculture system to obtain the content of the brittle feed required for large yellow croaker in the meat quality improvement period, the proportion of broad beans in the brittle feed, and the required water temperature and water quality parameters.

[0035] Further, the judgment of the type of feed to be put according to the growth period of large yellow croaker in A1 is specifically as follows:

[0036] If the current large yellow croaker is in the fry stage, conventional feed is fed; if the large yellow croaker is in the meat quality improvement period, brittle feed is fed;

[0037] The brittle feed includes: conventional feed and broad beans.

[0038] Further, the establishment of the hierarchical dynamic connection model for the aquaculture system in A2 is specifically as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, W(t) is the total weight of large yellow croaker, r2 ∈ [0.1, 0.3], r2 is the intrinsic growth rate in the meat quality improvement period, K2 ∈ [1000, 5000], K2 is the carrying capacity of the aquaculture environment, m2 is the natural death weight loss rate, h2 is the fishing weight loss rate, ρ2 ∈ [0.2, 0.5], ρ2 is the feed utilization rate, μ2 ∈ [0.05, 0.2], μ2 is the negative effect coefficient of environmental pressure on population growth, P stress (t) is the environmental pressure function, t is the current growth day label of large yellow croaker, t c is the total number of days in the fry stage of large yellow croaker, α1, α2 ∈ [0.05, 0.1], α1 is the basic metabolic influence factor acting on the collagen content C(t), α2 is the basic metabolic influence factor acting on the muscle fiber density M(t), γ1 is the contribution rate of the brittle feed to collagen, γ2 is the contribution rate of the brittle feed to the muscle fiber density, η(t) is the proportion of broad bean components in the brittle feed, ε is the maximum feeding rate of large yellow croaker, F(t) is the feeding amount of the brittle feed, F H is the half-saturation constant.

[0041] Further, the environmental pressure function P stress (t) is specifically as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, DO(t) is the dissolved oxygen content in water on the t-th day, α' is the weight coefficient of dissolved oxygen content in water, T(t) is the water temperature on the t-th day, β' is the weight coefficient of water temperature, N(t) is the ammonia nitrogen concentration in water, and γ' is the ammonia nitrogen concentration coefficient in water.

[0044] Furthermore, the optimization objective is specifically as follows:

[0045]

[0046] The optimization objective constraints are as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, F max is the maximum feeding amount of brittle feed, Q min is the minimum value of the Q-elastic index value, and W min is the minimum total weight of large yellow croakers.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0050] The present invention proposes a control system for large yellow croaker breeding based on an ecological dynamics model. The present invention monitors and adjusts the breeding environment of large yellow croakers, making the breeding environment more suitable for the growth of large yellow croakers. The present invention constructs an environmental factor regulation model, a large yellow croaker nutritional metabolism dynamics model, and a large yellow croaker population growth model by using the growth data and breeding environment data of large yellow croakers. The present invention constructs a hierarchical dynamics connection model of the breeding system by combining the environmental factor regulation model, the large yellow croaker nutritional metabolism dynamics model, and the large yellow croaker population growth model, and optimizes the hierarchical dynamics connection model of the breeding system to obtain the optimal feed feeding amount and the content of broad beans in the feed, thereby improving the meat elasticity of large yellow croakers and enabling the meat elasticity level of large yellow croakers to remain stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 is the flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] The large yellow croaker breeding pond of the present invention adopts a closed - loop recirculating aquaculture pond. The pond wall is made of materials with high strength, corrosion resistance and no impact on water quality (such as food - grade stainless steel or high - quality fiberglass). A drain outlet is provided at the center of the bottom of the breeding pond. The bottom of the breeding pond is an inclined bottom surface, which slopes from the edge of the pond bottom to the drain outlet, and the slope is between 2% - 5%, facilitating sewage discharge and cleaning. The breeding pond is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and is equipped with an advanced water inlet and outlet system. The water inlet is sequentially connected to a physical filtration device, a biological filtration device, an ultraviolet disinfection device and a water inlet pipe; the drain outlet is sequentially connected to a sedimentation and separation tank and a water quality purification device. A plurality of variable - frequency speed - regulating circulating water pumps are arranged in the breeding pond. By reasonably arranging the pipelines, a complex and controllable water flow circulation mode is formed. The feed storage bin of the breeding pond is made of a sealed, moisture - proof and insect - proof metal material, and its capacity is determined according to the breeding scale, and it can store a sufficient number of different types of feeds. Compartment areas are arranged inside the feed storage bin to store conventional feeds for early - stage breeding and special feeds for the meat quality improvement stage respectively; the breeding pond has an automatic feeding function, which is realized by an automatic feeding device; the automatic feeding device is composed of an intelligent feed conveying system and a precise feeding nozzle, ensuring that the feed is evenly spread, meeting the nutritional needs of large yellow croakers, and promoting growth and meat quality improvement.

[0053] The physical filtration device includes multiple layers of filter screens with different pore sizes, which can filter out impurities with a particle size greater than 100 microns;

[0054] The biological filtration device is a device filled with high - efficiency biological fillers; the high - efficiency biological fillers include: porous ceramic balls, biological activated carbon, etc.; the biological filtration device is used to cultivate beneficial microbial communities and degrade harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water;

[0055] The power of the ultraviolet disinfection device is determined according to the water volume of the breeding pond to ensure effective killing of pathogenic microorganisms in water;

[0056] The sedimentation tank is used for preliminary separation of solid particles in the discharged water; the water quality purification device adopts a method combining reverse osmosis membrane treatment technology and biological treatment to deeply treat the aquaculture wastewater and realize the recycling of water resources, and the recycling rate reaches more than 90%.

[0057] Next, the present invention will be described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0058] Specific Embodiment 1: As Figure 1 shown, a "Q - elastic" yellow croaker breeding control system based on an ecological dynamics model in this embodiment includes: a breeding condition acquisition module, a growth data acquisition module, a collagen content and muscle fiber density acquisition module, and a central control module;

[0059] The breeding condition acquisition module includes: a temperature acquisition unit and a water quality acquisition unit;

[0060] The temperature acquisition unit obtains the water temperature of the aquaculture pond by using a temperature sensor and sends the water temperature of the aquaculture pond to the central control module;

[0061] The temperature sensor is a high-precision temperature sensor with an accuracy of ±0.1°C;

[0062] The water quality acquisition unit is used to obtain the water quality parameters in the aquaculture pond by using existing equipment and send the water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond to the central control module;

[0063] The water quality parameters include: dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen concentration;

[0064] The dissolved oxygen content is obtained by a dissolved oxygen sensor; the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body is measured by a water quality monitoring instrument;

[0065] The growth data acquisition module is used to obtain the weight, body length and quantity of large yellow croakers and send the weight, body length and quantity of large yellow croakers to the central control module;

[0066] The collagen content and muscle fiber density acquisition module is used to obtain the protein content and muscle fiber density of a large yellow croaker sample and send the collagen content and muscle fiber density of the large yellow croaker to the central control module;

[0067] The large yellow croaker sample is any large yellow croaker in the current aquaculture pond, and the large yellow croaker sample can represent the situation of all large yellow croakers in the current aquaculture pond;

[0068] The collagen content can be obtained by amino acid analysis method, staining method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or instrumental analysis techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry;

[0069] For example: Hydrolyze the large yellow croaker meat sample. Use a colorimetric method to determine the content of hydroxyproline in the hydrolyzate. Calculate the collagen content according to the proportional relationship between hydroxyproline and collagen (the content of hydroxyproline in collagen is about 12%), and the unit is grams per kilogram (g / kg).

[0070] The muscle fiber density can be obtained by histological section method, electron microscopy method or image analysis method;

[0071] For example: Make histological sections of large yellow croakers, place the sections under a fluorescence microscope or an upright microscope for observation, and take microscopic images of muscle fibers; Use image analysis software to analyze the muscle fiber images to obtain the muscle fiber density of large yellow croakers; (Measure the diameter (major axis and minor axis) of a single muscle fiber. Count the number of muscle fibers in the field of view per unit area and calculate the muscle fiber density, expressed in "roots per cubic centimeter" (root / g / cm 3 ).)

[0072] The central control module includes: a growth period judgment unit, a fishing control unit, a feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit, a water quality regulation unit, and a water temperature regulation unit;

[0073] The growth period judgment unit includes: a growth period judgment subunit and a meat elasticity judgment subunit;

[0074] The growth period judgment subunit judges the current growth period of the large yellow croaker according to the weight and body length of the large yellow croaker, and sends the growth period of the large yellow croaker to the fishing control unit

[0075] The current growth period of the large yellow croaker judged according to the weight and body length of the large yellow croaker is specifically: when the body weight of the large yellow croaker is greater than or equal to the preset weight (such as 200 - 300 grams) or the body length of the large yellow croaker is greater than or equal to the preset body length, it means that the current large yellow croaker is in the meat improvement period; otherwise, it means that the current large yellow croaker is in the fry period;

[0076] The meat elasticity judgment subunit judges the meat Q - bounce index value according to the collagen content and muscle fiber density of the current large yellow croaker, and sends the meat Q - bounce index of the large yellow croaker to the fishing control unit;

[0077] The Q - bounce index value is obtained by the following method:

[0078] Q(t)=k1C(t)+k2M(t)

[0079] Where C(t) is the collagen content, k1 is the weight of the collagen content, M(t) is the muscle fiber density, and k2 is the weight of the muscle fiber density;

[0080] The fishing control unit is used to compare the meat Q - bounce index value with the preset Q - bounce index value. If the meat Q - bounce index value is greater than or equal to the preset Q - bounce index value and the current large yellow croaker is in the meat improvement period, a fishing signal is sent; otherwise, the meat Q - bounce index value and the growth period of the large yellow croaker are sent to the feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit;

[0081] The feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit uses the growth period of the large yellow croaker to judge the type of feed that the large yellow croaker needs to be fed, and obtains the required feed input amount, the required water temperature and water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond according to the Q - bounce index value of the large yellow croaker in the meat improvement period, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the aquaculture pond, the collagen content and muscle fiber density of the large yellow croaker, and sends the required water temperature of the aquaculture pond to the water temperature regulation unit and the required water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond to the water quality regulation unit;

[0082] The water temperature control unit is used to adjust the water temperature in the aquaculture pond according to the required water temperature;

[0083] If the current water temperature is low, the water temperature is heated through an electric heating rod or a heat exchanger; if the current water temperature is high, the water temperature is reduced through an environment - friendly chiller;

[0084] The water quality regulation unit is used to regulate the water quality in the aquaculture pond according to the required water quality parameters.

[0085] Specific Embodiment 2: The feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit obtains the required types of feed to be fed and the corresponding feeding amounts, and the required water temperature and water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond by using the Q-elastic index value of large yellow croaker, the growth period of large yellow croaker, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the aquaculture pond, the collagen content and muscle fiber density of large yellow croaker, and sends the required water temperature of the aquaculture pond to the water temperature regulation unit and the required water quality parameters of the aquaculture pond to the water quality regulation unit. Specifically:

[0086] A1. Determine the types of feed to be fed according to the growth period of large yellow croaker. Specifically:

[0087] If the current large yellow croaker is in the fry stage, conventional feed is fed;

[0088] The conventional feed is Yuehai feed, which includes fish meal, fish oil, vitamins, minerals and functional additives;

[0089] If the current large yellow croaker is in the meat quality improvement stage, brittle feed is fed;

[0090] The brittle feed includes conventional feed and broad beans;

[0091] The proportion of the broad beans is controlled by the hierarchical dynamic connection model of the aquaculture system;

[0092] A2. Construct a hierarchical dynamic connection model of the aquaculture system according to the growth period of large yellow croaker and the Q-elastic index value of large yellow croaker meat quality. Specifically:

[0093] A2-1. Construct a phased population growth model of large yellow croaker:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, W(t) is the total weight of large yellow croaker (kg), r2 ∈ [0.1, 0.3], r2 is the intrinsic growth rate in the meat quality improvement period, t is the current growth day number label of large yellow croaker, K2 ∈ [1000, 5000], K2 is the carrying capacity of the aquaculture environment (kg), m2 and h2 are the weight loss rates caused by natural death and fishing, ρ2 ∈ [0.2, 0.5], ρ2 is the feed utilization coefficient, μ2 ∈ [0.05, 0.2], μ2 is the negative effect coefficient of environmental pressure on population growth, P stress (t) is the environmental pressure, see the environmental factor regulation model, t c is the total number of days in the fry stage of large yellow croaker, F(t) is the feeding amount of brittle feed, F H is the half-saturation constant, a preset value based on experience, and ε is the maximum feeding rate of large yellow croaker.

[0096] In this step, considering the meat quality improvement period of large yellow croaker growth (t≥t c ), feeding brittle feed (containing broad beans) F to optimize the meat quality may reduce the growth rate. The population growth follows the Logistic growth. The value of the intrinsic growth rate of large yellow croaker is related to the genetic characteristics of the large yellow croaker variety. Different strains of large yellow croaker may have different inherent growth rates. This constant reflects the growth ability of large yellow croaker itself in an ideal environment without other limiting factors. The carrying capacity of the breeding environment (1000 - 5000 kg) represents the maximum fish population weight that the breeding environment can accommodate under the current breeding conditions. When the fish population weight approaches or exceeds this value, environmental resource limitations will have a significant impact on the growth of the fish population, such as insufficient space and water quality deterioration. Its value is comprehensively determined based on factors such as the size of the breeding pond, water quality purification ability, and power of the aeration equipment, combined with long-term breeding data statistics, etc. The weight loss caused by fishing and natural death is related to factors such as water temperature, water quality, and fish health status. Too high or too low water temperature and poor water quality may lead to a decline in fish immunity and increase the risk of natural death, which is determined through long-term monitoring and data analysis. The amount of brittle feed input directly affects the nutrients obtained by the large yellow croaker population during the meat quality improvement period, and thus affects its growth rate. The feed utilization coefficient is determined through feed nutrient composition analysis and large yellow croaker digestion and absorption experiments, indicating the proportion of nutrient components in the feed that are effectively absorbed and utilized by large yellow croaker and converted into body weight gain. Its size is related to the feed formula, quality, and digestive physiological characteristics of large yellow croaker. The environmental stress coefficient is the negative effect coefficient on population growth, determined based on experimental studies on the growth inhibition of large yellow croaker by environmental stress. This coefficient represents the magnitude of the hindrance effect of unit environmental stress on the growth of the fish population. Different degrees of environmental stress will affect the growth rate of the fish population through this coefficient. This model comprehensively considers the influence of multiple factors on the growth of the fish population and provides a basis for weight change prediction and regulation. P stress (t) is the environmental stress function, reflecting the comprehensive influence of factors such as insufficient dissolved oxygen and abnormal temperature in the water body. This function is used to quantify the degree of inhibition of environmental factors on the growth of the fish population.

[0097] A2 - 2. Construct a large yellow croaker nutritional metabolism kinetic model:

[0098]

[0099] Q(t) = k1C(t) + k2M(t)

[0100] Among them, C(t) is the collagen content (g / kg), M(t) is the muscle fiber density (g / cm3), α1, α2 ∈ [0.05, 0.1], α1 is the basal metabolic impact factor acting on the collagen content C(t), and α2 is the basal metabolic impact factor acting on the muscle fiber density M(t). γ1, γ2 ∈ [0.01, 0.05], γ1 is the contribution rate of the brittle feed to collagen, and γ2 is the contribution rate of the brittle feed to the muscle fiber density. δ1, δ2 ∈ [0.001, 0.01], δ1 is the attenuation factor acting on the collagen content C(t), and δ2 is the attenuation factor acting on the muscle fiber density M(t). The attenuation factor describes the loss due to natural metabolism. η(t) is the proportion of broad bean components in the brittle feed (0 - 1). Q(t) represents the Q-elastic index value of the meat quality, and it is the contribution coefficient of collagen and muscle fiber density elasticity.

[0101] In this step, the key role of broad beans in the feed is to increase the muscle fiber density, increase the collagen content, reduce the intramuscular fat, enhance the water-holding capacity, enhance the troponin expression, and inhibit the activity of proteolytic enzymes, thereby making the fish meat firmer and more elastic (Q-elastic). Its main mechanisms include that high protein promotes muscle growth, resistant starch reduces fat deposition, rich in proline enhances collagen synthesis, and inhibits proteolytic enzymes to delay meat softening. The brittle feed F p (t) can increase the collagen content C(t) and the muscle fiber density M(t). These two are the key parameters affecting Q-elasticity and can quantify the Q-elastic index. The contribution coefficients of collagen and muscle fiber to Q-elasticity can be measured by a texture analyzer. The method for measuring the contribution rate of the feed to collagen and muscle fiber is histological detection (SDS-PAGE, H&E staining). The collagen / muscle fiber metabolic loss factor measures the change in fish meat composition through time series.

[0102] A2-3. Construct an environmental factor regulation model:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, DO(t) is the dissolved oxygen content in the water body on the t-th day (mg / L), α' is the weight coefficient of the dissolved oxygen content in the water body, T(t) is the water temperature on the t-th day (°C), β' is the weight coefficient of the water temperature, N(t) is the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body (mg / L), and γ' is the ammonia nitrogen concentration coefficient in the water body.

[0105] In this step, when the dissolved oxygen is sufficient, the temperature is appropriate, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is low, the environmental pressure is 0. When the dissolved oxygen decreases, the water temperature deviates from the appropriate range, and the ammonia nitrogen exceeds the standard, the environmental pressure increases, affecting population growth and meat quality. DO(t) is monitored in real time by a dissolved oxygen sensor. During the breeding process, the dissolved oxygen content is maintained between 4-8 mg / L. The dissolved oxygen directly affects the respiratory function and metabolism of large yellow croaker. Sufficient dissolved oxygen helps maintain the normal physiological functions of the fish body and the good development of the meat quality. Insufficient dissolved oxygen will cause hypoxia stress in the fish body and affect the meat quality. Water temperature plays a key role in aspects such as the growth rate, metabolic rate, and immune function of large yellow croaker. When the water temperature is appropriate, the fish body grows well and the meat quality is better. Too high or too low water temperature will have an adverse effect on the meat quality. The ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg / L) in the water body is measured by a water quality monitoring instrument. The ammonia nitrogen concentration is controlled below 0.2 mg / L. The nitrogen compounds in the water body mainly come from feed residues and fish excrement. Too high a nitrogen concentration will be toxic to the fish body, damage the fish body health, and thus affect the meat quality. α'(0.1-0.3) represents the dissolved oxygen weight coefficient. Changes in the dissolved oxygen content will cause changes in fish body metabolism and muscle tissue, thus affecting the elasticity of the fish meat. This coefficient quantifies this degree of influence. β'(0.08-0.2) reflects the importance of water temperature to fish growth. The water temperature affects the growth and development of fish by influencing fish body metabolism and protein structure, etc. γ'(0.03-0.1) indicates the degree of negative impact of the water body nitrogen concentration on fish growth. High nitrogen concentration will interfere with the normal physiological processes of the fish body. These coefficients are determined through multi-factor experiments and regression analysis, accurately reflecting the quantitative relationship between each environmental factor and fish growth. This model clarifies the influence law of key factors in the breeding environment on the growth of large yellow croaker, providing a quantitative basis for regulating breeding environment parameters.

[0106] A2-4. Based on the large yellow croaker population growth model obtained from A2-1, the large yellow croaker nutritional metabolism kinetics model obtained from A2-2, and the environmental factor regulation model obtained from A2-3, construct a hierarchical dynamic connection model of the breeding system as follows:

[0107]

[0108] The model constructed in this step couples the population growth model, the nutritional metabolism kinetics model, and the environmental factor regulation model, comprehensively describing the comprehensive dynamic change relationship of the fish population weight and quality in the breeding system. Through this model, the interaction and feedback mechanism between various factors can be deeply analyzed. For example, the growth status of the fish population will affect the demand for feed and the impact on the environment, while environmental changes will in turn act on the processes such as fish population growth and meat metabolism, providing a theoretical framework for the overall optimization of the breeding system.

[0109] A2-5. According to the hierarchical dynamic connection model of the aquaculture system, by optimizing the feeding amount, formula and environmental factors of the brittle feed, maximize the growth amount and improve the Q elasticity of the meat quality at the minimum bait cost;

[0110] First, establish the optimization objective:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, T' is the total number of days of the aquaculture cycle, λ1 is the weight weight factor of large yellow croaker, and λ2 is the elasticity weight factor of large yellow croaker.

[0113] Then, give the constraints:

[0114]

[0115] Among them, F max is the maximum feeding amount of the brittle feed, Q min is the minimum value of the Q-elasticity index, W min is the minimum total weight of large yellow croaker.

[0116] Solve the optimization objective to obtain the broad bean ratio, the input amount of the brittle feed, and the water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen concentration and water temperature).

[0117] In this step, usually the weight of large yellow croaker needs to be controlled between 1 kg and 2 kg. It is more ideal when the weight is generally between 1.5 kg and 2 kg. The meat quality of fish in these weight ranges is better. Texture analysis experiments show that the Q value of ordinary large yellow croaker is generally between 0.8 and 1.0. When the Q value is low, the meat is relatively loose and has poor elasticity. When the Q value is generally between 1.1 and 1.3, the elasticity is better and the taste is firm. Research shows that when the Q value ≥ 1.0, the sensory evaluation of the subjects reaches "moderate" or above, while when Q < 1.0, the evaluation is low. To sum up, the minimum weight (W min ) can be set to 1.5 kg, and the minimum value of the meat Q elasticity (Q min) It can be set to 1. This model can be used for the optimization of large yellow croaker in a standard aquaculture environment, that is, in a standard aquaculture environment, the water temperature is controlled between 18°C and 25°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is maintained between 4 mg / L and 8 mg / L. The growth and meat Q-elastic response laws of large yellow croaker under this environment can be determined. By optimizing the feed feeding amount and formula, while minimizing the cost, the weight and meat Q-elasticity of large yellow croaker can be maximized. It can also be used for the optimization of large yellow croaker under changing environmental conditions, that is, assuming that the water temperature and dissolved oxygen content fluctuate during the aquaculture process, the water temperature changes between 20°C and 30°C, and the dissolved oxygen content fluctuates between 3 mg / L and 7 mg / L. This change increases the environmental pressure and affects the growth of large yellow croaker. Through optimizing the model, the purpose is to optimize the feed feeding amount, formula (especially the broad bean ratio), and the regulation of environmental factors under these environmental changes to ensure the maximum growth and meat quality of the fish. Example: To verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following experiments were carried out in the present invention:

[0118] The aquaculture process of large yellow croaker is as follows:

[0119] Preparation before aquaculture of large yellow croaker: Before aquaculture, set the initial number of fish groups according to the specifications and plans of the aquaculture pond. The initial body weight is passed, and the initial water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen content, salinity, pH value, nitrogen concentration, etc. are obtained through detection. Start equipment debugging and water quality pretreatment to make the environmental parameters reach the initial set values.

[0120] Release and early aquaculture of large yellow croaker: Release healthy and uniformly sized fry, feed with conventional feed, monitor water quality and fish growth, and finely adjust environmental parameters (such as temperature, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen concentration) and feeding amount.

[0121] Meat quality improvement stage: When the large yellow croaker reaches the predetermined weight or body length, switch to special feed, and finely adjust environmental parameters (such as temperature, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen concentration) and feeding amount, predict the trend of meat quality change, detect meat quality weekly, and adjust the strategy according to the results to ensure the improvement effect.

[0122] Late aquaculture and harvest: After the meat quality is improved, maintain stable aquaculture to consolidate the meat quality. After reaching the aquaculture cycle (such as 10 - 12 months) and quality standards, conduct scientific fishing and carry out preservation treatment (such as low-temperature refrigeration, ice fresh packaging, etc.).

[0123] Example 1: Optimization of large yellow croaker in a standard aquaculture environment

[0124] 1. Setting of aquaculture environment

[0125] This experiment was carried out in a standard aquaculture environment, with the water temperature controlled between 18°C and 25°C, the dissolved oxygen content maintained between 4 mg / L and 8 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration ≤ 0.2 mg / L, and the aquaculture density being moderate (10 kg / m 3) The bait uses conventional feed (in the early stage) and brittle feed (in the later stage). By optimizing the feed feeding amount and formula, while minimizing the feed cost, the weight of large yellow croaker is maximized, and the meat Q-elasticity index is improved.

[0126] Cultivation period: 180 days, initial average weight of large yellow croaker individuals: 50 g, target weight: ≥800 g, feed type: conventional feed (protein content 45%, fat content 10%) is used in the early stage, and brittle feed (containing 20%-30% broad bean protein) is added in the later stage.

[0127] 2. Optimization calculation of feed feeding

[0128] Fry stage (0 ≤ t < 100 days): Feed with conventional feed in the conventional mode.

[0129] Based on the population growth model, nutritional metabolism kinetics model and environmental factor regulation model, optimize the feed feeding amount and formula.

[0130] Meat quality improvement stage (100 ≤ t ≤ 180 days): Switch to brittle feed (F p ), broad bean ratio η = 0.25 (the contribution rate to Q-elasticity is the largest according to model calculation). Determine the daily feeding amount of 6 kg / day. Due to the accumulation of collagen and the increase in muscle fiber density, Q-elasticity is improved.

[0131] 3. Cultivation results

[0132] Final average weight: 860 g / tail (model prediction 855 g / tail, error < 1%). Meat Q-elasticity (Q value): 1.15 (model prediction 1.12). The feed cost is reduced by 12% due to optimized feed utilization rate and good environment.

[0133] Example 2: Optimize the bait feeding amount and formula under variable cultivation environment to improve growth efficiency and meat Q-elasticity

[0134] 1. Cultivation environment setting

[0135] This experiment simulates environmental fluctuation conditions. Assume that the water temperature varies between 20°C and 30°C, the dissolved oxygen fluctuates between 3 mg / L and 7 mg / L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration may increase to 0.4 mg / L in the short term, resulting in increased environmental pressure and affecting the growth rate and feed utilization rate. The goal is to optimize the feed feeding amount, formula (especially the broad bean ratio) and environmental factors (dissolved oxygen regulation) in this fluctuating environment to ensure the maximum growth of fish and meat quality.

[0136] Cultivation period: 180 days, initial average weight of large yellow croaker: 50 g, target weight: ≥750 g. Fluctuations in environmental conditions: The fluctuation range of water temperature T(t) is 20°C to 30°C, and in some periods it is higher than 25°C, increasing metabolic consumption. When the dissolved oxygen DO(t) drops to 3 mg / L, the environmental pressure rises. The ammonia nitrogen concentration N(t) rises to 0.4 mg / L in the short term, affecting the growth rate.

[0137] 2. Optimization of environmental factor regulation

[0138] According to the environmental factor regulation model: When the dissolved oxygen drops to 3 mg / L, increase the aeration equipment to raise DO(t) to 5 mg / L and reduce P stress (t). When the water temperature rises above 28°C, increase the water change frequency to reduce the temperature to 24°C. Regular bottom sewage discharge is adopted to keep the ammonia nitrogen concentration N(t) below 0.2 mg / L.

[0139] 3. Optimization calculation of feed feeding

[0140] Meat quality improvement period (100 ≤ t ≤ 180 days): Switch to brittle feed (F p ), the broad bean ratio η = 0.3 (higher than the standard environment to improve Q elasticity). The daily feeding amount is 7 kg to make up for the growth delay caused by the increased metabolic consumption.

[0141] 4. Cultivation results

[0142] At the end of cultivation, the average weight of large yellow croaker reaches 780 g. Although it is lower than that in the standard environment (860 g), it still meets the market standard (≥750 g). The Q elasticity (Q value) of the meat quality is 1.14, and the downward trend of the Q value is optimized compared with the case of environmental deterioration. Through optimizing environmental management (aeration, water change, ammonia nitrogen control), the growth rate is increased by 18% compared with the non-optimized scheme (680 g body weight).

Claims

1. A Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on an ecological dynamics model, characterized in that The system includes: a breeding condition acquisition module, a growth data acquisition module, a collagen content and muscle fiber density acquisition module, and a central control module; The aquaculture condition acquisition module includes: a temperature acquisition unit and a water quality acquisition unit; The temperature acquisition unit is used to acquire the water temperature of the breeding pool and send the water temperature of the breeding pool to the central control module; The water quality acquisition unit is used to acquire the water quality parameters of the breeding pond and send the water quality parameters of the breeding pond to the central control module; The water quality parameters include: dissolved oxygen content in water, ammonia nitrogen concentration in water; The growth data acquisition module is used to obtain the weight and body length of the large yellow croaker in the current breeding pond, and send the weight and body length of the large yellow croaker to the central control module; The collagen content and muscle fiber density acquisition module is used to obtain the protein content and muscle fiber density value of the large yellow croaker sample, and send the protein content and muscle fiber density value of the large yellow croaker sample to the central control module; The large yellow croaker sample is any large yellow croaker in the current breeding pond; The central control module is used to determine the growth period of the large yellow croaker according to the weight and body length of the large yellow croaker, and determine the Q-bullet index of the large yellow croaker according to the collagen content and muscle fiber density, so as to determine whether to catch the current large yellow croaker; The central control module is used to obtain the types of feed required for yellow croakers in different growth stages, the required amount of feed for yellow croakers in the meat quality improvement period, the required water temperature and water quality parameters in the breeding pond, and the collagen content and muscle fiber density of yellow croakers according to the growth period of yellow croakers, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the breeding pond, and to adjust the water temperature and water quality parameters of the breeding pond according to the water temperature and water quality parameters.

2. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 1 is characterized by: The central control module includes: a growth period judgment unit, a fishing control unit, a feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit, a water quality adjustment unit, and a water temperature adjustment unit; The growth period judgment unit includes: a growth period judgment subunit and a meat elasticity judgment subunit; The growth period judgment subunit is used to judge the growth period of the large yellow croaker according to the weight and body length of the large yellow croaker, and send the growth period of the large yellow croaker to the fishing control unit; The growth period of the large yellow croaker includes: fry period and meat quality improvement period; The meat elasticity judgment subunit is used to obtain the Q-elasticity index value of the large yellow croaker according to the collagen content and muscle fiber density value of the large yellow croaker, and send the Q-elasticity index value of the large yellow croaker to the fishing control unit; The fishing control unit is used to determine whether the large yellow croaker can be caught according to the growth period and Q-bullet index value of the large yellow croaker; if it can be caught, a fishing signal is sent; otherwise, the Q-bullet index value of the large yellow croaker and the growth period of the large yellow croaker are sent to the feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit; The feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit uses the growth period of the large yellow croaker to determine the type of feed that the large yellow croaker needs to be fed at present, and obtains the required feed input amount, the required water temperature and water quality parameters of the breeding pond according to the Q-elastic index value of the large yellow croaker in the meat quality improvement period, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the breeding pond, the collagen content and the muscle fiber density of the large yellow croaker, and sends the required water temperature of the breeding pond to the water temperature regulating unit, and sends the required water quality parameters of the breeding pond to the water quality regulating unit; The water temperature regulating unit is used to regulate the water temperature in the breeding pond according to the required water temperature of the breeding pond; The water quality regulating unit is used to regulate the water quality parameters in the breeding pond according to the water quality parameters required by the breeding pond.

3. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 2 is characterized by: The growth period judgment subunit is used to judge the growth period of the large yellow croaker according to the weight and body length of the large yellow croaker, specifically: If the weight of the yellow croaker is greater than or equal to the preset weight or the body length of the yellow croaker is greater than or equal to the preset body length, it means that the yellow croaker is currently in the meat quality improvement period; otherwise, it means that the yellow croaker is currently in the fry stage.

4. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 3 is characterized by: The meat elasticity judgment subunit is used to obtain the Q-elasticity index value of the large yellow croaker according to the collagen content and muscle fiber density value of the large yellow croaker, specifically: Q(t)=k1C(t)+k2M(t) Among them, C(t) is the collagen content, k1 is the collagen content weight, M(t) is the muscle fiber density, and k2 is the muscle fiber density weight.

5. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fishing control unit is used to determine whether the large yellow croaker can be caught according to the growth period and Q-bullet index value of the large yellow croaker, specifically: Compare the meat Q-elasticity index with the preset Q-elasticity index value. If the meat Q-elasticity index value is greater than or equal to the preset Q-elasticity index value and the large yellow croaker is currently in a meat quality improvement period, it means that fishing can be carried out; otherwise, fishing cannot be carried out.

6. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 5 is characterized by: The feed content and environmental parameter optimization unit uses the growth period of the large yellow croaker to determine the type of feed that the large yellow croaker needs to be fed at present, and obtains the required feed input amount, the required water temperature and water quality parameters of the breeding pond according to the Q-elastic index value of the large yellow croaker in the meat quality improvement period, the water temperature and water quality parameters in the breeding pond, the collagen content and muscle fiber density of the large yellow croaker, specifically: A1. Determine the type of feed required based on the growth period of large yellow croaker; A2. Establish a hierarchical dynamics connection model of aquaculture system; A3. Establish optimization goals, and then optimize the hierarchical dynamic connection model of the breeding system based on the optimization goals to obtain the content of brittle feed required for large yellow croaker in the meat quality improvement period, the proportion of broad beans in the brittle feed, the required water temperature and water quality parameters.

7. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 6 is characterized by: The type of feed required for feeding in A1 is determined according to the growth period of the large yellow croaker, specifically: If the yellow croaker is in the fry stage, feed it with conventional feed; if the yellow croaker is in the meat quality improvement stage, feed it with brittle feed; The brittle feed includes conventional feed and broad beans.

8. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 7 is characterized by: The establishment of the hierarchical dynamics connection model of the aquaculture system in A2 is specifically as follows: Where W(t) is the total weight of large yellow croaker, r2∈[0.1,0.3], r2 is the intrinsic growth rate during the meat quality improvement period, K2∈[1000,5000], K2 is the carrying capacity of the aquaculture environment, m2 is the natural death weight loss rate, h2 is the fishing weight loss rate, ρ2∈[0.2,0.5], ρ2 is the feed utilization rate, μ2∈[0.05,0.2], μ2 is the negative effect coefficient of environmental pressure on group growth, and P stress (t) is the environmental pressure function, t is the number of days of growth of large yellow croaker, t c is the total number of days of yellow croaker fry, α1, α2∈[0.05,0.1], α1 is the basal metabolic influencing factor acting on collagen content C(t), α2 is the basal metabolic influencing factor acting on muscle fiber density M(t), γ1 is the contribution rate of crisp feed to collagen, γ2 is the contribution rate of crisp feed to muscle fiber density, η(t) is the proportion of broad bean components in crisp feed, ε is the maximum feeding rate of yellow croaker, F(t) is the amount of crisp feed fed, F H is the half-saturation constant.

9. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 8 is characterized by: The ambient pressure function P stress (t), specifically: Among them, DO(t) is the dissolved oxygen content of the water body on the tth day, α' is the weight coefficient of the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, T(t) is the water temperature on the tth day, β' is the water temperature weight coefficient, N(t) is the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body, and γ' is the ammonia nitrogen concentration coefficient in the water body.

10. The Q-shaped yellow croaker breeding control system based on the ecological dynamics model according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The optimization objectives are specifically: The optimization objective constraints are as follows: Among them, F max is the maximum feeding amount of brittle feed, Q min is the minimum value of the Q elastic index, W min It is the minimum total weight of large yellow croaker.

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