Novel fiber structure mixed composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-performance protective composite material science and technology, in particular to a novel fiber structure mixed composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The fiber structure mixed composite material comprises a rigid layer and a flexible layer which are sequentially stacked, the rigid layer is made of a plain aramid fiber / thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin composite material, and the flexible layer is made of a twill or satin aramid fiber / thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin composite material. Through combination of the rigid layer and the flexible layer, the rigid layer has excellent mechanical properties and structural optimization advantages, provides high strength and high rigidity and ensures that the material has good bending resistance, compression resistance and tensile properties when bearing external force, and the flexible layer improves the toughness and ductility of the material, effectively absorbs impact energy and avoids brittle fracture. And through the combination of the two, the composite material keeps light weight and high flexibility while meeting the high-strength requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-performance protective composite material science and technology, and in particular to a novel fiber structure mixed composite material, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The research background of aramid fiber resin-based composites stems from a deep understanding of the limitations of traditional material performance and the urgent need for new high-performance materials. With the rapid development of science and technology, various industries have an increasing demand for materials with characteristics such as light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance. Aramid fiber, as a new type of synthetic fiber with ultra-high strength, high modulus, light weight and impact resistance, has become an ideal fiber reinforcement material due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Through compounding with the resin matrix, aramid fiber resin-based composites not only retain the excellent properties of aramid fiber, but also have the good processability and plasticity of the resin matrix, so they are widely used in aerospace, military, electricity, electronics, automobile manufacturing, sports equipment and other fields. In recent years, with the continuous maturity of aramid fiber and resin matrix production technology, and the continuous optimization of composite material preparation technology, the industrialization process of aramid fiber resin-based composites has been accelerating, its performance has been continuously improved, and its application field has been continuously expanded. Therefore, in-depth research on the preparation process, performance characteristics and application prospects of aramid fiber resin-based composites is of great significance to promote the development of materials science and meet the needs of various industries for high-performance materials.

[0003] As a new type of high-performance material, aramid fiber thermoplastic resin composite has significant advantages compared with traditional thermosetting resins. First of all, its reworkability and recyclability enable the material to be reshaped repeatedly during the production process, improving design flexibility and reducing resource waste, which conforms to the concept of green environmental protection. Secondly, the high strength and high modulus of aramid fibers endow the material with excellent impact resistance, ensuring good structural stability and safety. In addition, thermoplastic resin composites do not require complex chemical reactions during processing, and the low processing temperature and simple process reduce production costs. Finally, the material has good heat resistance and chemical resistance, and still maintains good performance under high temperature and harsh environments, making it suitable for applications under extreme conditions. Chinese Patent CN202411170729.3 discloses an aramid fiber-reinforced polyurea / epoxy matrix hybrid laminate and its preparation method and application, which requires mixing aramid fibers and polyurea / epoxy matrix, and the forming process is complex and the conditions are harsh. Chinese Patent CN202310393844.6 discloses a honeycomb lattice-reinforced ceramic composite armor and its preparation method, which uses an integrated honeycomb grid as the skeleton, ceramic blocks are embedded in the skeleton, and the connection is strengthened by a two-component epoxy resin, but it is heavy in mass and poor in bulletproof performance. Chinese Patent CN202211349323.2 discloses a lightweight impact-resistant composite material board with a microstructure imitating hedgehog spines and its preparation method. Although it alleviates the local stress concentration caused by the property mutation of heterogeneous materials, its structure is complex and the preparation is relatively troublesome. The composite material with hybrid fiber structure described in the present invention includes a rigid layer and a flexible layer laminated in sequence. The 1-rigid layer is a plain aramid fiber / POE composite material, and the 2-flexible layer is a twill or satin aramid fiber / POE composite material. Among them, POE has a linear long chain without branches and is prone to relative slip with aramid fibers under impact load, increasing the transverse strain and promoting the energy absorption of the aramid / POE composite material, achieving the advantages of lightweight, high-efficiency energy absorption and high-efficiency protection. It has good application prospects in the fields of aerospace structural parts, high-end equipment, protective devices, etc., and provides a strong guarantee for enhancing the combat effectiveness and protection ability of the military. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a new type of composite material with hybrid fiber structure, which combines light weight, high strength, good wear resistance and protective performance, and has broad application prospects and market value in the fields that need to bear high stress, high impact and complex loads.

[0005] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a new type of composite material with hybrid fiber structure, which mixes different fiber fabric structures and improves the protective performance of the composite armor without increasing the process cost.

[0006] The third purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of a new type of composite material with hybrid fiber structure.

[0007] One of the solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve its purpose is: a novel fiber structure hybrid composite material, which includes a rigid layer and a flexible layer stacked in sequence. The rigid layer is a plain weave aramid fiber / thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin (POE) composite material, and the flexible layer is a twill or satin weave aramid fiber / thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin (POE) composite material.

[0008] Preferably, the rigid layer includes multiple layers of plain weave aramid fiber fabrics and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin films inserted between adjacent fabric layers; the flexible layer includes multiple layers of twill or satin weave aramid fiber fabrics and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin films inserted between adjacent fabric layers.

[0009] Preferably, the total thickness of the fiber structure hybrid composite material is 8 - 10 mm, wherein the thickness of the rigid layer is 2 - 3 mm, and the thickness of the flexible layer is 6 - 7 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of a single layer of plain weave aramid fiber fabric is 0.35 - 0.45 mm, the thickness of a single layer of twill weave aramid fiber fabric is 0.32 - 0.42 mm; the thickness of a single layer of satin weave aramid fiber fabric is 0.30 - 0.40 mm; the thickness of a single layer of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin (POE) is 0.05 - 0.10 mm.

[0011] Another solution adopted by the present invention to achieve its purpose is: a preparation method of the novel fiber structure hybrid composite material described above, which includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Dry the plain weave aramid fiber fabric, twill weave aramid fiber fabric or satin weave aramid fiber fabric, and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin film for later use.

[0013] (2) Lay the dried fiber fabrics in step (1) in the order of the rigid layer and the flexible layer. Among them, the rigid layer is multiple layers of plain weave aramid fiber fabrics and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin films inserted between each fabric layer, and the flexible layer is multiple layers of twill or satin weave aramid fiber fabrics and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin films inserted between each fabric layer;

[0014] (3) Use an integrated gradient hot pressing forming process to form the novel fiber structure hybrid composite material from the hybrid layering system in step (2).

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the drying temperature is 40 - 60 °C, and the drying time is 2 - 5 h.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the number of plain weave aramid fiber fabrics in the rigid layer is 1 - 9 layers, and the number of twill or satin weave aramid fiber fabrics in the flexible layer is 18 - 26 layers.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the integrated gradient hot pressing molding process conditions are: the first heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 90-100°C, pressure 2-4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 0.5-1.0h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 155-165°C, pressure 5-7MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-2h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 185-195°C, pressure 9-11MPa, heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-2h, stop heating, pass circulating cooling water to maintain pressure for 1-2h, and release the pressure to obtain a composite material with a mixed fiber structure.

[0018] The melting point of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin is 180°C. The gradient hot pressing molding process precisely controls the temperature and pressure distribution, and increases the temperature and pressure in sequence, thus avoiding problems such as poor fiber / resin interface bonding and pore defects caused by direct high temperature and high pressure, promoting fiber / resin melt composite and significantly improving its impact resistance and fatigue life.

[0019] The solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the third purpose is: an application of the new fiber structure mixed composite material, applying the new fiber structure mixed composite material to the fields of aerospace structural parts, high-end equipment, and protective devices.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0021] The novel fiber structure mixed composite material of the present invention is combined with a rigid layer and a flexible layer, the rigid layer is a plain aramid fiber / POE composite material, the flexible layer is a twill or satin aramid fiber / POE composite material, and the rigid layer has excellent mechanical properties and structural optimization advantages. The rigid layer provides high strength and high rigidity to ensure that the material has good bending, compression and tensile properties when subjected to external forces, while the flexible layer improves the toughness and ductility of the material, effectively absorbs impact energy, and avoids brittle fracture. The combination of the two enables the composite material to maintain light weight and high flexibility while meeting high strength requirements. At the same time, POE, as a composite matrix, has a linear long chain without branches, and is easy to produce relative slip with aramid fibers under impact loads, increasing lateral strain, and further promoting the energy absorption of aramid / POE composite materials.

[0022] The new hybrid fiber composite material of the present invention has both light weight and high strength as well as good wear resistance and protective performance, and is suitable for the fields of aviation, automobiles, military, etc. In addition, the addition of the flexible layer enhances the adaptability of the material under complex loads and prolongs its service life; the rigid layer improves environmental resistance, making the material stable and reliable under harsh conditions. Overall, the composite material not only has excellent mechanical properties, but is also easy to process and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a novel composite material with mixed fiber structure of the present invention;

[0024] In the figure, 1-rigid layer, 2-flexible layer;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of three fabric structures;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a deformation diagram of the new fiber structure mixed composite material of the present invention during ballistic penetration of the material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0028] The aramid fiber plain weave, twill weave and satin weave fabrics in the present invention are all provided by Yantai Taihe New Materials Co., Ltd., and the thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin film is purchased from Huizhou Jianli Environmental Protection New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0029] like Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the new type of hybrid fiber composite material of the present invention. The new type of hybrid fiber composite material includes 1-rigid layer and 2-flexible layer from outside to inside.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Prepare 3 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 24 layers of aramid fiber forging fabric and 26 layers of polyolefin elastomer film with a size of 150mm×150mm, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 5h, and take them out for use. The fiber fabrics are layered in sequence as follows: 1-rigid layer is 3 layers of aramid fiber plain fabric, 2-flexible layer is 24 layers of aramid fiber satin fabric, and a layer of polyolefin elastomer film is added between each fabric layer, and the layers are aligned flatly. An integrated gradient hot pressing molding process is adopted: the first heating and pressing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 100℃, pressure 3MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the second heating and pressing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 160℃, pressure 6MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; the third heating and pressing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 190℃, pressure 11MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1h; stop heating, pass circulating cooling water to maintain pressure for 1h, and release the pressure to obtain a fiber structure hybrid composite material (P3D 24 The surface density of the composite material is 12.94 kg / m 2 , thickness is 8.29mm, the impact load on the projectile-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 8mm - mass 4g - initial velocity 600m / s, the residual velocity on the back projectile surface is 482.09m / s, and the energy absorption is 255.18J.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Prepare 6-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric, 21-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the fiber fabrics in sequence with 1 - the rigid layer being 6-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric and 2 - the flexible layer being 21-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, and lay them flat and align them. Adopt the integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and release the pressure to obtain the fiber structure hybrid composite material (P6D 21 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.92 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.31 mm, the impact load borne by the anti-projectile surface is: spherical projectile diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back projectile surface is 478.39 m / s, and the energy absorption is 262.29 J.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] Prepare 9-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric, 18-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the fiber fabrics in sequence with 1 - the rigid layer being 6-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric and 2 - the flexible layer being 21-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, and lay them flat and align them. Adopt the integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and release the pressure to obtain the fiber structure hybrid composite material (P9D 18 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.97 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.34 mm, the impact load borne by the anti-projectile surface is: spherical projectile diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back projectile surface is 481.52 m / s, and the energy absorption is 256.28 J.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] Prepare 3-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric, 24-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the fiber fabrics in sequence with 1 - the rigid layer being 3-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric and 2 - the flexible layer being 24-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, then lay them flat and align them. Adopt the integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and then release the pressure to obtain the fiber structure hybrid composite material (P3X 24 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.95 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.31 mm, the impact load borne by the bullet-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back bullet-facing surface is 488.09 m / s, and the energy absorption is 243.54 J.

[0038] Example 5

[0039] Prepare 6-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric, 21-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the fiber fabrics in sequence with 1 - the rigid layer being 6-layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric and 2 - the flexible layer being 21-layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, then lay them flat and align them. Adopt the integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and then release the pressure to obtain the fiber structure hybrid composite material (P6X 21 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.94 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.33 mm, the impact load borne by the bullet-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back bullet-facing surface is 484.42 m / s, and the energy absorption is 250.67 J.

[0040] Example 6

[0041] Prepare 9 - layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric, 18 - layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and 26 - layer polyolefin elastomer film with a size of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the fiber fabrics in sequence: 1 - the rigid layer is 6 - layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric, 2 - the flexible layer is 21 - layer aramid fiber twill weave fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, and lay them flat and aligned. Adopt the integrated gradient hot - pressing forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot - pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot - pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot - pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water for pressure holding for 1 h, and then release the pressure to obtain the fiber - structure hybrid composite material (P9X 18 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.94 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.36 mm, the impact load borne by the impact - facing surface is: spherical projectile diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back - facing surface is 487.76 m / s, and the energy absorption is 244.18 J.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Prepare 27 - layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric and 26 - layer polyolefin elastomer film with a size of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the 27 - layer aramid fiber plain weave fabric and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, and lay them flat and aligned. Adopt the integrated gradient hot - pressing forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot - pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot - pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot - pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water for pressure holding for 1 h, and then release the pressure to obtain the fiber composite material (P 27 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.96 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.45 mm, the impact load borne by the impact - facing surface is: spherical projectile diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back - facing surface is 497.21 m / s, and the energy absorption is 225.56 J.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] Prepare a 27-layer aramid fiber twill fabric with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and a 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film, and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the 27-layer aramid fiber twill fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, and lay them flat and aligned. Adopt an integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and release the pressure to obtain the fiber composite material (D 27 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.94 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.21 mm, the impact load borne by the bullet-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back bullet surface is 491.77 m / s, and the energy absorption is 236.32 J.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] Prepare a 27-layer aramid fiber twill fabric with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and a 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film, and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the 27-layer aramid fiber twill fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, and lay them flat and aligned. Adopt an integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and release the pressure to obtain the fiber composite material (P 27 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.96 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.45 mm, the impact load borne by the bullet-facing surface is: spherical bullet diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back bullet surface is 494.21 m / s, and the energy absorption is 231.51 J.

[0048] Comparative Example 4

[0049] Prepare 3-layer aramid fiber satin fabric, 24-layer aramid fiber plain fabric, and 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the fiber fabrics in sequence with 1 - the rigid layer being 3-layer aramid fiber satin fabric and 2 - the flexible layer being 24-layer aramid fiber plain fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, then lay them flat and align them. Adopt the integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and then release the pressure to obtain the fiber structure hybrid composite material (D3P 24 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.93 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.41 mm, the impact load borne by the anti-projectile surface is: spherical projectile diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back projectile surface is 502.01 m / s, and the energy absorption is 215.97 J.

[0050] Comparative Example 5

[0051] Prepare 6-layer aramid fiber twill fabric, 21-layer aramid fiber plain fabric, and 26-layer polyolefin elastomer film with dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm and dry them in an oven at 50 °C for 5 h, then take them out for standby. Lay the fiber fabrics in sequence with 1 - the rigid layer being 6-layer aramid fiber twill fabric and 2 - the flexible layer being 21-layer aramid fiber plain fabric, and add a layer of polyolefin elastomer film between each fabric layer, then lay them flat and align them. Adopt the integrated gradient hot pressing and forming process: the conditions for the first heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 100 °C, pressure 3 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the second heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 160 °C, pressure 6 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; the conditions for the third heating and pressing are: hot pressing temperature 190 °C, pressure 11 MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding for 1 h; stop heating, introduce circulating cooling water to hold the pressure for 1 h, and then release the pressure to obtain the fiber structure hybrid composite material (X6P 21 ). The areal density of the prepared composite material is 12.91 kg / m 2 , the thickness is 8.43 mm, the impact load borne by the anti-projectile surface is: spherical projectile diameter 8 mm - mass 4 g - initial velocity 600 m / s, the residual velocity of the back projectile surface is 499.64 m / s, and the energy absorption is 220.72 J.

[0052] Figure 2 are schematic diagrams of three fabric structures;

[0053] In the figure, the warp and weft yarns of the plain weave fabric are interwoven every other one, with a tight structure; the interlacing points of the twill fabric form continuous diagonal patterns; and the warp and weft interlacing points of the satin fabric are few and scattered.

[0054] Figure 3 This is the deformation of the novel fiber structure hybrid composite material during the ballistic penetration process of the present invention; taking Example 2, Example 4, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 5 as representatives, the larger the convex bulge, the higher the energy absorption of the composite material and the better the performance. Among them, the convex bulges of Example 2 and 4 are the largest, showing extensive convexities, progressive fiber pull-out, and damage fracture propagation. Utilizing the rigid-flexible complementary characteristics of the plain weave and satin / twill fabrics, the anti-penetration performance is synergistically improved, which helps the radial yarns to reorient and out-of-plane deformation. The loose structure adapts to large-area expansion and interlayer delamination, dissipating energy through progressive failure rather than brittle fracture.

[0055] Table 1 Performance parameter table of the fiber structure hybrid composite materials prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5

[0056]

[0057] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the energy absorption of Examples 1-6 is improved compared with that of Comparative Examples 1-5. Among them, the energy absorption effect of Example 3 is the best, which is 256.28 J. This shows that the hybridization of the fiber structure and the reasonable ply sequence can make the present invention show better energy absorption effects in multiple experiments, which fully proves the practical and innovative value of the invention patent. The invention not only improves the energy absorption performance but also provides an important reference for the technological upgrading and application expansion in related fields, showing broad application prospects and potential social value.

[0058] The above is the preferred implementation manner of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and changes can still be made, and these improvements and changes are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel composite material with mixed fiber structure, characterized in that: The composite material with mixed fiber structure comprises a rigid layer and a flexible layer stacked in sequence, wherein the rigid layer is a plain weave aramid fiber / thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin composite material, and the flexible layer is a twill or satin weave aramid fiber / thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin composite material.

2. The novel fiber structure hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid layer comprises multiple layers of plain aramid fiber fabrics and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin films inserted between adjacent fabric layers; the flexible layer comprises multiple layers of twill or satin aramid fiber fabrics and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin films inserted between adjacent fabric layers.

3. The novel fiber structure hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total thickness of the composite material with mixed fiber structure is 8-10 mm, wherein the thickness of the rigid layer is 2-3 mm, and the thickness of the flexible layer is 6-7 mm.

4. The novel fiber structure hybrid composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the single-layer plain aramid fiber fabric is 0.35-0.45 mm, the thickness of the single-layer twill aramid fiber fabric is 0.32-0.42 mm, the thickness of the single-layer satin aramid fiber fabric is 0.30-0.40 mm, and the thickness of the single-layer thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin is 0.05-0.10 mm.

5. A method for preparing a novel composite material with a mixed fiber structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) drying the plain aramid fiber fabric, the twill aramid fiber fabric or the satin aramid fiber fabric and the thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin film for later use; (2) Laying the dried fiber fabrics in step (1) in the order of a rigid layer and a flexible layer, wherein the rigid layer is a plurality of layers of plain aramid fiber fabrics and a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin film inserted between adjacent fabric layers, and the flexible layer is a plurality of layers of twill or satin aramid fiber fabrics and a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer resin film inserted between adjacent fabric layers; (3) The mixed layer system in step (2) is processed by an integrated gradient hot pressing process to form the novel fiber structure mixed composite material.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), the drying temperature is 40-60° C. and the drying time is 2-5 h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (2), the number of plain aramid fiber fabrics in the rigid layer is 1 to 9, and the number of twill or satin aramid fiber fabrics in the flexible layer is 18 to 26.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (3), the integrated gradient hot pressing molding process conditions are: the first heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 90-100°C, pressure 2-4MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 0.5-1.0h; the second heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 155-165°C, pressure 5-7MPa, and heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-2h; the third heating and pressurizing conditions are: hot pressing temperature 185-195°C, pressure 9-11MPa, heat preservation and pressure maintenance for 1-2h, stop heating, pass circulating cooling water to maintain pressure for 1-2h, and release the pressure to obtain a composite material with a mixed fiber structure.

9. An application of a novel fiber structure hybrid composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a novel fiber structure hybrid composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The novel fiber structure mixed composite material is applied in the fields of aerospace structural parts, high-end equipment and protective devices.

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