Garden waste rapid assembly material for improving ecological function of urban soil as well as preparation method and application of garden waste rapid assembly material

Abstract

The invention provides a garden waste rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil as well as a preparation method and application of the garden waste rapid assembly material. The garden waste rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of the urban soil is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 40 to 60 parts of urban garden waste, 50 to 80 parts of riverbed sludge, 10 to 20 parts of livestock and poultry compost, 4 to 6 parts of polymaleic anhydride, 4 to 8 parts of modified bentonite, 5 to 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of bactericide and 0.2 to 0.5 part of synthetic fungicide. Iron pillared bentonite with a high specific surface area and a porous structure, activated carbon with a hierarchical pore network and chitosan construct a three-dimensional interpenetrating network by taking glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent, so that the modified bentonite with a composite framework formed by interweaving a layered column structure and porous fibers is obtained, nutrient substances can be adsorbed, flora growth and reproduction can be promoted, and the soil remediation effect is achieved. The biological enhancement effect of the synthetic microbial agent is obviously enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of microorganisms, and particularly to a rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil from garden waste, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Urbanization is a form of the rapid change of the natural ecosystem into an artificial ecosystem under the influence of human activities, which will cause a series of changes in ecological environment conditions. It not only leads to the closure of the soil surface, but also causes the partial or complete disappearance of the soil ecological function.

[0003] Due to the widespread occurrence of the closure of the soil surface in urban areas, important ecological functions of urban soil, such as growing plants, filtering water, exchanging heat, and purifying pollutants, have partially or completely disappeared. Some existing studies have shown that due to the influence of mechanical compaction, human disturbance, trampling, etc., the physical properties of urban soil have deteriorated, mainly reflected in the extremeization of soil particle composition, the serious destruction of soil structure, the increase in bulk density, and the reduction of aeration and water-holding pores. In some urban areas, a structural shell that prevents water infiltration appears on the bare soil surface. Even during the rapid urban construction process, the soil in some urban areas is re-covered by construction waste, excavated original soil, and waste, etc., and its soil structure and soil properties are completely or partially lost. These characteristics often affect the growth of trees and landscaping vegetation, and gradually reduce the ecological service function that urban soil should have. At present, the soil remediation for these sites still stays at engineering measures such as soil replacement and backfilling soil, and there is no report on the improvement of the soil in this kind of construction waste reclamation land.

[0004] On the other hand, in order to reduce the risk of flood disasters in cities, urban riverbeds need to be dredged regularly. However, a large amount of bottom mud will be generated during the riverbed dredging process. If not properly treated, it may cause secondary pollution of water bodies and soil, thus affecting the sustainable development of the urban river ecosystem. In addition, during the urban landscaping process, a large amount of garden waste will be generated. The bottom mud and garden waste are rich in a large number of multi-nutrient components such as mineral elements and organic matter. These unique properties determine their recycling value. If these wastes can be pretreated and used as a modified matrix for urban soil, not only can the urban soil be improved, but also the negative impact of urban waste can be reduced to the smallest possible extent, enabling its recycling, which conforms to the development concept of ecological civilization. Moreover, as the "catalyst" for the material cycle in nature, microbial flora can accelerate the humification process of organic matter in the matrix through enzymatic reactions, promote the decomposition of macromolecular substances such as cellulose and lignin, and play a key role in the reconstruction of soil microecology. If it can be applied in the modified matrix, it can further improve the improvement effect of urban soil. However, the existing technology often pays insufficient attention to the role of microbial flora or cannot give full play to its role.

[0005] In addition, the urban soil carbon pool is also an important soil organic carbon pool. This part of the carbon pool has a large content, and its carbon sequestration and changes are obvious under human disturbance. Some studies have shown that the soil organic carbon pool is composed of active organic carbon and inert organic carbon. Active organic carbon is easily utilized and decomposed by microorganisms. It is a part of the soil carbon pool that varies greatly and is also an important carbon source. Under the current background, how to optimize the soil structure, improve the soil organic carbon pool, change the composition and structure of soil organic carbon, and increase the content of inert organic carbon is of great significance for stabilizing the soil carbon pool. The chemical structure of organic carbon is basically divided into four functional regions, namely alkyl carbon region, alkoxy carbon region, aromatic carbon region, and carboxyl carbon region. Among them, alkoxy carbon is easily decomposed, while alkyl carbon is a relatively difficult-to-decompose component of the organic carbon structure. Therefore, an important link to enhance carbon sequestration and sink in urban soil is to increase the proportion of alkyl carbon and reduce the proportion of alkoxy carbon to make the soil organic carbon more stable. At present, there is no report on the technology for enhancing carbon sequestration and sink in urban soil.

[0006] In summary, it is urgent to develop a new technical solution to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on this, the present invention provides a rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil, and provides a method for disposing of urban waste to improve urban soil. On the one hand, it can solve the environmental problems caused by urban waste, on the other hand, it can optimize and improve the urban soil structure, and can also enhance the method of carbon sequestration and sink in urban soil.

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil. The rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil is composed of components with the following mass fractions:

[0009]

[0010] Among them,

[0011] The modified bentonite is iron-pillared bentonite, which is blended with amino-activated carbon and chitosan after amino modification, and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde;

[0012] The amino-activated carbon is obtained by preparing activated carbon from urban garden waste and riverbed sludge, and then reacting with ammonia water.

[0013] Further, the urban garden waste is selected from one or more of branches, withered and yellowed leaves, rotten leaves, prefabricated vegetable waste, or weed waste during garden pruning; after mechanical crushing, it is sieved through a 5-mesh sieve, the moisture content is adjusted to 55%, and 1-2% of urea is added according to the mass ratio.

[0014] Further, after the riverbed sediment is dehydrated on-site by a dehydration machine, the content is reduced to less than 60%. By mass percentage, the sediment contains 10-12% nitrogen, 9-12% phosphorus, 12-13% potassium, 15-23% humus, 1.13% mycelium, and the balance is sludge.

[0015] Further, for the livestock and poultry compost, livestock and poultry manure from the farm is collected, and the C / N of the livestock and poultry manure is adjusted to 20-28 with urea, and the water content is 55-60%. Then, a mixed bacteria for aerobic composting of livestock and poultry manure is added, and after mixing evenly, aerobic composting is carried out for 10-15 days; the optimal conditions are: C / N is 20-28, water content is 55-60%, and the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria is Bacillus:Aspergillus niger = 1:(2-4).

[0016] Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or more of pig manure, sheep manure, cow manure, or chicken manure.

[0017] Further, the bactericide is selected from one or more of edifenphos, jinggangmycin, carbendazim, dichlorophen, chlorothalonil, thiabendazole, or procymidone; the application method is spraying, irrigation, or leaching; the bactericide is mainly used in the present invention to reduce harmful pests and diseases in the soil and reduce the probability of green plants dying from diseases caused by residual pathogenic bacteria in garden waste.

[0018] Further, the synthetic bactericide is selected from a combination of multiple types such as a composting and degrading bacterium, a high-efficiency hemicellulose-degrading strain, a lignin-degrading bacterium, or Trichoderma harzianum; preferably, the composting and degrading bacterium is a synthetic bacterial community formed by mixing Bacillus (X1-2), a high-efficiency hemicellulose-degrading strain (J-25), a lignin-degrading bacterium (BYL-7), and Trichoderma harzianum (T-22). The optimal conditions for culturing the mixed bacterial liquid are: initial pH 6.7, temperature 25°C, and the mass ratio of Bacillus (X1-2):high-efficiency hemicellulose-degrading strain (J-25):lignin-degrading bacterium (BYL-7):Trichoderma harzianum (T-22) = 1:(2-5):(3-8):(1-5).

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method for the rapid assembly material of garden waste for improving the urban soil ecological function, including the following steps:

[0020] S1. Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and anhydrous sodium carbonate are blended, heated and stirred and aged, and then added to the bentonite suspension, heated and stirred for reaction and aged to obtain iron-pillared bentonite;

[0021] S2. The iron-pillared bentonite is blended with 4,4-diaminobiphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid, and heated for reaction to obtain amino-functionalized iron-pillared bentonite;

[0022] S3. Blend urban garden waste and riverbed sludge, add nitrate, heat it in an airtight environment to prepare activated carbon, then immerse it in ammonia water, and heat and stir to react to obtain amino-activated carbon;

[0023] S4. Blend the amino-functionalized iron-pillared bentonite, amino-activated carbon and chitosan, add glutaraldehyde, and obtain modified bentonite after freeze-drying;

[0024] S5. Blend the modified bentonite, urban garden waste, riverbed sludge, livestock and poultry compost, poly(maleic anhydride), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ferric sulfate and bactericide to obtain a pre-assembled material;

[0025] S6. Add synthetic inoculant to the pre-assembled material and assemble it through immobilized microorganism technology to form a rapid-assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil.

[0026] Further, in step S1, the bentonite is selected from one or more of sodium-based bentonite, calcium-based bentonite, natural bleaching earth or organic bentonite.

[0027] Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, anhydrous sodium carbonate and bentonite is (2 - 5):(0.5 - 2):1.

[0028] Further, in step S1, the heating temperature is 50 - 70°C.

[0029] Further, in step S2, the mass ratio of the iron-pillared bentonite and 4,4-diaminobiphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid is 1:(2 - 5).

[0030] Further, in step S2, the heating temperature is 70 - 90°C.

[0031] Further, in step S3, the mass ratio of the urban garden waste, riverbed sludge and nitrate is (20 - 60):(40 - 80):(1 - 10).

[0032] Further, in step S4, the mass ratio of the amino-functionalized iron-pillared bentonite, amino-activated carbon, chitosan and glutaraldehyde is (0.5 - 1):(0.5 - 1.5):(1 - 3):(0.01 - 0.05).

[0033] Further, in step S6, the immobilized microorganism technology is selected from one or more of adsorption method, embedding method or spraying method.

[0034] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned rapid-assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil in urban soil improvement.

[0035] Further, one of the methods for the application of the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil in urban soil improvement includes the following steps:

[0036] L1. Level / dig holes in the urban soil, and then deeply plow or dig holes;

[0037] L2. Mix the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil into the surface soil, mix evenly, water, and then green plants can be planted; or mix the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil into the soil in the empty holes. After the trees are pruned and disinfected, soil can be covered, and water is applied to maintain the growth of weak trees or transplanted trees. On this basis, utilize the response of the root microhabitat of urban soil to the addition of the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil to change the soil body structure and community structure of urban soil.

[0038] Further, in step L1, it also includes evenly spreading the replacement soil on the surface of the leveled soil or in the empty holes for soil replacement.

[0039] Further, for the leveling / digging of the urban soil: use an excavator to deeply plow the green space land by 20 - 40 cm; for the urban soil for tree planting, there are soil improvements for weak trees and soil without trees. The soil improvement method is to dig holes, with the tree origin as the center, and dig 2 - 8 m 3 soil.

[0040] Further, for the soil replacement, clean and pollution - free soil is used as the replacement soil for replacement. The soil replacement amount for green space soil is 0.1 - 20 m 3 / mu, and it is plowed and mixed evenly; for the urban soil for tree planting, according to the tree hole soil replacement amount of 0.1 - 2 m 3 / hole; for the application amount of the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil, the usage amount for green space soil is 10 - 15 t / mu. After mechanical mixing and watering, green plants can be planted; for the urban soil for tree planting in the city, the addition amount of the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil is 200 - 300 kg / hole. After mechanical mixing, it is backfilled into the tree hole. Before backfilling the soil, it is necessary to clear and kill pests and diseases of the tree and prune it, and then backfill the soil and water to restore the tree planting, and follow the conventional urban garden management method.

[0041] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) The present invention first adds Fe 3+Hydrolytic polymerization forms metal polyhydroxy cations, which are then introduced into the interlayers of bentonite to form iron-pillared bentonite with a high specific surface area and a porous structure; subsequently, amino groups are introduced into the iron-pillared bentonite and activated carbon to enhance their reactivity. Among them, the activated carbon is prepared by pyrolysis activation of urban garden waste and riverbed sludge. The synergistic effect of its natural components and sludge minerals forms a hierarchical pore network, and it has good chemical compatibility with urban garden waste, riverbed sludge, and bentonite matrix; finally, glutaraldehyde is used as a crosslinking agent to construct a three-dimensional interpenetrating network through the reaction between amino groups and chitosan molecules. The obtained modified bentonite has a composite structure with an intercalated column structure and interwoven porous fibers, with both an expanded interlayer spacing and multi-scale through pores. Combining the compatibility of activated carbon with other components, it can adsorb a large amount of nutrients and provide a suitable place for the growth and reproduction of bacteria, significantly enhancing the bioaugmentation effect of the synthetic bactericide.

[0043] (2) The present invention improves the urban soil matrix by using waste resources such as urban garden waste, riverbed sediment, and livestock and poultry manure, and enhances the ecological service function of urban soil. The utilization of waste solves the problem of secondary pollution of urban riverbed sediment and garden waste, and also improves the urban soil matrix, realizing the improvement of its ecological service function. Riverbed sediment, garden waste, and livestock and poultry manure contain a large amount of organic components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as various strains of bacteria, which can increase the nutrients in the soil and improve the supply and utilization of soil nutrients without excessive application of chemical fertilizers. The present invention can significantly improve soil fertility and increase the content of soil organic matter. Even under the condition of soil irrigation and leaching, the fertility will not be significantly lost. Using garden waste, riverbed sediment, and livestock and poultry manure can further increase soil organic matter; using modified bentonite can change the soil structure, reduce the bulk density of compacted soil, and enhance soil porosity and permeability. In addition, the rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil prepared by the present invention contains a variety of low-molecular-weight proteins and amino acid components. In addition, its rich functional groups can act as chelating agents to bind with heavy metal ions, improve soil quality, and reduce the migration and transformation of heavy metals in polluted soil. Description of the Drawings

[0044] Figure 1 Shows the effects of different dosages of rapid assembly materials on the basic properties of soil. The labels in the figure indicate: Control: Comparative Application Example 4; 0 t / mu: Comparative Application Example 5; 10 t / mu: Application Example 1; 15 t / mu: Application Example 2.

[0045] Figure 2 Shows the effects of the application of rapid assembly materials on plant growth. The labels in the figure indicate: Control: Comparative Application Example 6; 10 t / mu: Application Example 3.

[0046] Figure 3 Shows the growth of greening seedlings;

[0047] Among them,

[0048] Figure 3 (a) shows the plant growth status before improvement;

[0049] Figure 3 (b) shows the plant growth status after improvement. Specific implementation manners

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the following examples are listed. The raw materials, reactions, and post-treatment means that appear in the examples are all common raw materials on the market and technical means well-known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.

[0051] The terms "preferred", "preferably", "more preferably", etc. in the present invention refer to embodiments of the present invention that can provide certain beneficial effects in certain cases. However, in the same or other cases, other embodiments may also be preferred. In addition, the description of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not available, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the present invention.

[0052] It should be understood that, unless otherwise indicated in any operating example or otherwise, all numbers representing the amounts of ingredients used in the specification and claims, for example, should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and appended claims are approximate values that vary depending on the desired properties to be obtained by the present invention.

[0053] The following materials are used in the embodiments of the present invention:

[0054] Urban garden waste: A mixture of branches, withered and yellow leaves, rotten leaves, prefabricated vegetable waste, and weed waste in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 during the garden pruning process. After mechanical crushing, it is sieved through a 5-mesh sieve, the moisture content is adjusted to 55%, and 1% urea is added according to the mass ratio.

[0055] Riverbed sludge: The riverbed bottom sludge is dehydrated by a dehydration machine, and the moisture content is 55%.

[0056] Livestock and poultry compost: Take 100 parts of pig manure, adjust its C / N to 25 with urea, the moisture content is 55%, and then add 0.01 part of a mixed bacteria with a mass ratio of Bacillus sp.: Aspergillus niger = 1:3. After mixing evenly, aerobic composting is carried out for 15 days; among them, Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus niger are from the National Agricultural Microbial Germplasm Resource Bank of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment.

[0057] Polymaleic anhydride: The brand is hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, purchased from Jinan Zhongbei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0058] Calcium-based bentonite: Grade is bentonite 1#, purchased from Yuefeng Environmental Protection (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.

[0059] Sodium-based bentonite: Grade is bentonite 2#, purchased from Yuefeng Environmental Protection (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.

[0060] Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: Grade is Xinongke multi-element fertilizer, purchased from Guangzhou Xinongke Fertilizer Industry Technology Co., Ltd.

[0061] Fungicide: Chlorothalonil.

[0062] Synthetic bacterial agent: Initial pH 6.7, temperature 25°C, formed by mixed cultivation of Bacillus (X1-2): hemicellulose highly degrading strain (J-25): lignin degrading bacterium (BYL-7): Trichoderma harzianum (T-22) with a mass ratio of 1:3:5:4; among them, Bacillus (X1-2), hemicellulose highly degrading strain (J-25), lignin degrading bacterium (BYL-7) and Trichoderma harzianum are from the National Agricultural Microbial Germplasm Resource Bank of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0063] Chitosan: Purchased from Wuhan Shuiyixing Pharmaceutical and Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0064] "Parts" in the embodiments of the present invention all refer to parts by mass.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] A rapid assembly material for garden waste to enhance the ecological function of urban soil, and the rapid assembly material for garden waste to enhance the ecological function of urban soil is composed of the following components in parts by mass:

[0067]

[0068] Among them,

[0069] The modified bentonite is iron-pillared bentonite, which is blended with amino-activated carbon and chitosan after amino modification, and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde;

[0070] The amino-activated carbon is obtained by preparing activated carbon from urban garden waste and riverbed sludge and then reacting with ammonia water.

[0071] The preparation method of the above rapid assembly material for garden waste to enhance the ecological function of urban soil includes the following steps:

[0072] S1. Using water as the solvent, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and anhydrous sodium carbonate were blended and stirred for dispersion. Stirring was carried out at 60 °C for 2 h, followed by aging for 24 h. Then, it was added to a 10 wt% aqueous suspension of calcium-based bentonite (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O: anhydrous sodium carbonate: calcium-based bentonite = 4:1:1, m / m / m). Stirring reaction was carried out at 60 °C for 2 h and aging for 24 h. After washing, centrifuging, drying, grinding, and passing through a 200-mesh sieve, iron-pillared bentonite was obtained.

[0073] S2. Using acetonitrile as the solvent, the iron-pillared bentonite and 4,4-diaminobiphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid were blended (iron-pillared bentonite: 4,4-diaminobiphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid = 1:3, m / m). The reaction was carried out at 70 °C for 25 h. After cooling, filtering, washing, and drying, amino-functionalized iron-pillared bentonite was obtained.

[0074] S3. The urban garden waste and riverbed sludge were blended, and sodium nitrate was added (urban garden waste: riverbed sludge: sodium nitrate = 40:60:5, m / m / m). It was heated to 400 °C in an airtight environment, held at a constant temperature for 10 min, then taken out and cooled, and pulverized to obtain activated carbon. Then, it was immersed in ammonia water, and the stirring reaction was carried out at 70 °C for 5 h. After centrifuging, filtering, and drying, amino-activated carbon was obtained.

[0075] S4. Using a 2 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution as the solvent, the amino-functionalized iron-pillared bentonite, amino-activated carbon, and chitosan were blended, and a 0.3 wt% aqueous glutaraldehyde solution was added (amino-functionalized iron-pillared bentonite: amino-activated carbon: chitosan: glutaraldehyde

[0076] = 0.5:1:2:0.03, m / m / m / m). After sufficient stirring, it was placed in a ultra-low temperature refrigerator (-20 °C) for freezing for 12 h, and then freeze-dried to obtain modified bentonite.

[0077] S5. According to the above mass fractions, the modified bentonite, urban garden waste, riverbed sludge, livestock manure compost, poly(maleic anhydride), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ferric sulfate, and fungicide were blended to obtain a pre-assembled material.

[0078] S6. A synthetic bacterium agent was added to the pre-assembled material, and assembly was carried out by the spraying method at room temperature. During the assembly process, the pre-assembled material needed to be evenly turned over to effectively improve the attachment of the synthetic bacteria to the assembled material, forming a rapid assembly material for urban garden waste to enhance the ecological function of urban soil.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] A rapid assembly material for urban garden waste to enhance the ecological function of urban soil, the rapid assembly material for urban garden waste to enhance the ecological function of urban soil is composed of components with the following mass fractions:

[0081]

[0082] Among them,

[0083] The modified bentonite is iron-pillared bentonite, which is blended with amino-activated carbon and chitosan after amino modification, and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde;

[0084] The amino-activated carbon is obtained by preparing activated carbon from urban garden waste and riverbed sludge and then reacting with ammonia water.

[0085] The preparation method of the above-mentioned garden waste rapid assembly material for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil is the same as that of Example 1.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] A garden waste rapid assembly material for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil, which is composed of the following components by mass:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Among them,

[0091] The modified bentonite is iron-pillared bentonite, which is blended with amino-activated carbon and chitosan after amino modification, and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde;

[0092] The amino-activated carbon is obtained by preparing activated carbon from urban garden waste and riverbed sludge and then reacting with ammonia water.

[0093] The difference between the preparation method of the above-mentioned garden waste rapid assembly material for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil and that of Example 1 is that step S5 is carried out according to the following method:

[0094] S5. Mix urban garden waste, riverbed bottom mud and livestock manure, then mix in maleic anhydride, and after dark treatment for 2 d; then add modified bentonite, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ferric sulfate and fungicide, and mix evenly to obtain a pre-assembled material;

[0095] Among them,

[0096] The modified bentonite is prepared from sodium-based bentonite;

[0097] The other components and preparation methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] A garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that step S1 is not performed, and in step S2, the iron-pillared bentonite and other masses are replaced by calcium-based bentonite, and the other steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] A garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that step S4 is not performed, and the other steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] A quick-assembly material of garden waste for improving the ecological function of urban soil. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that step S3 is not performed. In step S4, the mass of the amino activated carbon and the like is replaced by a mixture of urban garden waste and riverbed sludge in a mass ratio of 40:60. The other steps and ingredients are the same as those in Example 1.

[0104] Application Example 1

[0105] The garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Example 1 is applied to the soil of a certain urban green space, comprising the following steps:

[0106] L1. Plough the urban soil and the green land soil to a depth of 30 cm; then use clean and unpolluted soil to evenly spread on the flat soil surface for soil replacement, with a soil replacement volume of 10m 3 / mu;

[0107] L2. Mix the garden waste quick-assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Example 1 into the surface soil of urban green space at an amount of 10 t / mu, mix well, water and plant green plants.

[0108] Application Example 2

[0109] The difference between this comparative application example and application example 1 is that in step L2, the amount of the rapid assembly material of garden waste for improving the ecological function of urban soil prepared in example 1 is 15 t / mu, and the other steps and components are the same as those in application example 1.

[0110] Comparative application example 1

[0111] The garden waste quick assembly material with improved urban soil ecological function prepared in Comparative Example 1 was used to plant green plants in the soil of a certain urban green space, and the other steps and components were the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0112] Comparative Application Example 2

[0113] The garden waste rapid assembly material for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Comparative Example 2 was applied to the soil of a certain urban green space for growing green plants, and other steps and components were the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0114] Comparative Application Example 3

[0115] The garden waste rapid assembly material for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Comparative Example 3 was applied to the soil of a certain urban green space for growing green plants, and other steps and components were the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0116] Comparative Application Example 4

[0117] Green plants were grown using the soil of the same urban green space without improvement treatment, and other steps and components were the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0118] Comparative Application Example 5

[0119] The difference between this comparative application example and Application Example 1 is that in step L2, the garden waste rapid assembly material for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Example 1 was not added, and other steps and components were the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0120] Test Example 1

[0121] The basic properties of the soils in Application Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Application Examples 1 - 5 were tested.

[0122] Test method:

[0123] Soil pH value (water - soil ratio 2.5:1): determined by the potentiometric method; soil CEC value: determined by the ammonium acetate exchange method (1mol / L, pH = 7); soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were determined by the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, 0.5mol / L NaHCO3 extraction - molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method and 1.0mol / L neutral ammonium acetate extraction - flame photometry method respectively; soil bulk density and porosity were determined by the cutting ring method and the hydrometer method respectively; chlorophyll content was determined by the chlorophyll meter SPAD - 502.

[0124] The test results are as Figure 1 , Table 1 shows.

[0125] Figure 1 shows the influence of different dosages of rapid assembly materials on the basic properties of the soil. The markings in the figure indicate: Control: Comparative Application Example 4; 0t / acre: Comparative Application Example 5; 10t / acre: Application Example 1; 15t / acre: Application Example 2.

[0126] Table 1 Test results of the basic properties of the soils in Application Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Application Examples 1 - 5

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] As can be seen from the above test results, after applying the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Application Example 1, the content of available nutrients in the soil increased significantly. This shows that the rapid assembly material prepared by adding modified bentonite in the present invention has both an expanded layer spacing and multi-scale through pores, and has good compatibility with other components, can adsorb a large amount of nutrients, and provides a suitable place for the growth and reproduction of bacteria, significantly enhancing the bioaugmentation effect of the synthetic bactericide and effectively improving the quality of the green space soil environment. In Comparative Examples 1-3, the modification was incomplete, and their pore systems or compatibility with other components were relatively poor, and the technical effects decreased to varying degrees compared with the present invention.

[0130] In addition, compared with Comparative Application Example 4, after adding different dosages of the rapid assembly material, the content of available nutrients in the soil increased significantly, and the increase amplitude increased with the increase of the addition amount (Comparative Application Example 5 can be regarded as the addition amount of 0 t / mu). At the same time, for the soil bulk density and soil pH, with the increase of the application dosage of the rapid assembly material, the soil bulk density gradually decreased, and its pH also showed a downward trend. These changes further illustrate that the quality of the green space soil environment has been improved.

[0131] Application Example 3

[0132] The rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Example 2 was applied to the soil of a certain park and used for planting flowers, including the following steps:

[0133] L1. Plow the urban green space soil, and the plowing depth of the green space soil is 20 cm;

[0134] L2. Mix the rapid assembly material of garden waste for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Example 2 into the surface soil of the urban green space, with a dosage of 10 t / mu, mix well and water, and then flowers can be replanted.

[0135] Comparative Application Example 6

[0136] Use the soil of the same park without improvement treatment to plant flowers.

[0137] Test Example 2

[0138] Use the soil of Application Example 3 and Comparative Application Example 6 to plant flowers and test their growth conditions.

[0139] Test method: Select large Ocimum basilicum seeds of similar size and sow them into the leveled land. In the early stage of seed germination, water is applied to keep the soil at 70% of the field water holding capacity. After germination, as the water demand of the plants increases with growth, sprinkler irrigation is used to replenish water once in the morning and once in the evening every day. After 60 days, soil in the unimproved area and chlorophyll content, plant height and other indicators of Ocimum basilicum leaves in the improved area are measured, and samples are taken to measure the plant biomass.

[0140] The test results are as Figure 2 shown.

[0141] Figure 2 It shows the influence of the application of quick-assembly materials on plant growth. The markings in the figure indicate: Control: Comparison with Application Example 6; 10t / mu: Application Example 3.

[0142] From the above test results, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Application Example 6, the addition of quick-assembly materials has a significant impact on the plant height, stem height, biomass and relative chlorophyll content of Ocimum basilicum; the relative chlorophyll content of plants after the application of quick-assembly materials is significantly higher than that of the soil without improvement treatment.

[0143] Application Example 4

[0144] According to the investigation, analysis and diagnosis of the soil of a certain urban green space, it is found that the soil mainly consists of construction waste, sand and gravel, and landfill, and the plants grow relatively short and have a high mortality rate, which affects the landscape greening and ecological environment, and it is difficult to rejuvenate the trees through pharmacological and physiological measures. Therefore, the garden waste quick-assembly material for enhancing the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Example 3 is used as a modifier, and a comprehensive measure of hole digging - partial replacement soil - quick-assembly material is adopted to realize the improvement of urban soil and restore the green plants in urban soil, including the following steps:

[0145] P1. The improvement of the soil of urban greening trees is divided into the improvement of weak seedling soil (N1) or soil without trees (N2). For the improvement of urban N1 and N2, tree protection should be done well before the excavation of N1 soil to prevent lodging. For N1 soil, remove the grass pavers covering the periphery of the tree before excavation, and dig holes with a depth of 5m within a range of 2m×2m along the periphery of the tree trunk 3 caves; for N2 soil, directly dig holes with a depth of 8m within a range of 2m×2m 3 caves. Then, sieve the excavated in-situ soil to remove building bricks and other large particles above 10mm to make the soil homogeneous;

[0146] P2. The excavation of weak seedling tree holes. When excavating to the root of the tree, dead roots and rotten roots should be cut off. Weak trees and new trees need to be sprayed with a rooting powder solution (30mg / L), and 15L of rooting powder solution should be evenly sprayed on each tree;

[0147] P3. After root system treatment, backfill the clean and pollution-free replacement soil into the cavity. The amount of replacement soil used for the weak seedling tree cavity is 2 m 3 / cavity, and the amount of backfilled soil for the cavity without trees is 4 m 3 / cavity; then mix the garden waste rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil prepared in Example 3 with the sieved in-situ soil in the cavity, and the dosage is 130 kg / m 3 ; finally, after mixing evenly, backfill it into the cavity again or replant the tree. After backfilling the soil, gently press and compact it, make a cofferdam with a radius of 2 m along the tree trunk, and at the same time, the backfilled soil in the tree cavity should be at least 20 cm higher than the surrounding soil to prevent waterlogging;

[0148] P4. Water and maintain the soil to keep it moist. After 1 month of maintenance, switch to a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid for integrated water and fertilizer oxidation. At the same time, in order to cultivate strong seedlings, apply 17-17-17 compound fertilizer and spray medium and trace element fertilizers to promote the rejuvenation of greening trees. In addition, during the maintenance period of greening trees, timely prune diseased and withered branches and do a good job in preventing diseases and pests.

[0149] Test Example 3

[0150] Collect the soil before and 2, 6, and 12 months after the improvement treatment in Application Example 4 respectively and conduct physical and chemical property analysis, monitor the environment of the improved soil, and at the same time monitor the growth of weak seedlings.

[0151] The results of the physical and chemical property analysis of the soil are shown in Table 2.

[0152] The growth of weak seedlings is as Figure 3 shown.

[0153] Figure 3 shows the growth of greening seedlings;

[0154] Among them,

[0155] Figure 3 (a) shows the plant growth status before improvement;

[0156] Figure 3 (b) shows the plant growth status after improvement.

[0157] Table 2 Results of physical and chemical property analysis of the soil

[0158]

[0159] Note: N1 is the soil in the weak seedling area; N2 is the soil without trees.

[0160] From the above test results, it can be seen that by adding modified bentonite to the rapid assembly material, the bio-enhancement effect of the synthetic bacterial agent is improved and applied to soil improvement. On the one hand, the soil structure properties are improved, the soil bulk density is reduced, the soil permeability is enhanced, and the oxygen and water holding capacity of Hanyang is improved. At the same time, due to the nutrient-rich assembly material, the soil nutrients are greatly improved, the soil microbial flora can be enhanced, and the ecological service function of the soil can be more effectively improved.

[0161] From Figure 3 it can be seen that after the green space soil is improved, due to the improvement of the soil environmental quality, the ability of the soil to conserve water and nutrients is enhanced. At the same time, the carriers assembled by garden waste and the synthetic bacteria effectively improve the ecology of the soil, which is beneficial to the soil environment and plant growth. Compared with before the improvement, the plants grow more lushly.

[0162] Test Example 4

[0163] Test the carbon sequestration and sink enhancement effects of Application Examples 1, 3, and 4.

[0164] Test method: In Application Examples 1, 3, and 4, randomly set up 1m×1m quadrats in the implemented area and the unimplemented area, and sample respectively at 6 months and 12 months after soil improvement, and conduct high-throughput sequencing to understand the changes in the microbial community structure. At the same time, measure the content of inert carbon and activated carbon in the soil, and measure the structure of organic carbon in the urban soil of the examples to calculate the carbon sequestration effect.

[0165] The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0166] Table 3 Carbon sequestration and sink enhancement effects of Application Examples 1, 3, and 4

[0167]

[0168] Note: Inert carbon RC, activated carbon LC, alkyl carbon Alkyl-C, alkoxy carbon O-Alkyl-C, aromatic carbon Aromatic-C, carbonyl carbon Carboxyl-C.

[0169] From the above test results, it can be seen that by adding modified bentonite to the rapid assembly material, the bio-enhancement effect of the synthetic bacterial agent is improved and applied to soil improvement. After the improvement treatment, the organic carbon content in the soil increases, and at the same time, the proportion of alkyl carbon increases and the proportion of alkoxy carbon decreases, making the soil organic carbon more stable.

[0170] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention.

[0171] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative manner of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil, characterized in that: The garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil is composed of the following components in parts by mass: in, The modified bentonite is iron-pillared bentonite, which is modified with amino groups and then mixed with amino activated carbon and chitosan, and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde; The amino activated carbon is prepared by preparing urban garden waste and riverbed sludge into activated carbon and then reacting with ammonia water.

2. The garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The urban garden waste is selected from one or more of tree branches, withered and yellow fallen leaves, rotten leaves, pre-prepared vegetable waste or weed waste during garden pruning.

3. The garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bactericide is selected from one or more of thiabendazim, jinggangmycin, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl or procymidone.

4. The garden waste quick assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthetic bacterial agent is selected from a variety of mutually matching synthetic bacteria formed by composting and degrading bacteria, hemicellulose efficient degrading strains, lignin degrading bacteria or Trichoderma harzianum.

5. The method for preparing the garden waste rapid assembly material with improved urban soil ecological function according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and anhydrous sodium carbonate are mixed, heated, stirred and aged, and then added to a bentonite suspension, heated, stirred, reacted and aged to obtain iron-pillared bentonite; S2, mixing the iron-pillared bentonite with 4,4-diaminobiphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid, and heating the mixture to react to obtain an amidated iron-pillared bentonite; S3, mixing urban garden waste and riverbed sludge, adding nitrate, isolating from air and heating to prepare activated carbon, then immersing in ammonia water, heating and stirring to react, to obtain amino activated carbon; S4, blending the amino iron pillared bentonite, amino activated carbon and chitosan, adding glutaraldehyde, and freeze-drying to obtain modified bentonite; S5, blending the modified bentonite, urban garden waste, riverbed sludge, livestock and poultry compost, polymaleic anhydride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ferric sulfate and fungicide to obtain a preassembled material; S6. Adding synthetic bacterial agents to the pre-assembled materials, assembling them through immobilized microbial technology, and forming garden waste rapid assembly materials with improved ecological functions of urban soil.

6. The method for preparing the garden waste rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the mass ratio of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, anhydrous sodium carbonate and bentonite is (2-5):(0.5-2):

1.

7. The method for preparing the garden waste rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass ratio of the iron-pillared bentonite to 4,4-diaminobiphenyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid is 1:(2-5).

8. The method for preparing the garden waste rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the mass ratio of the urban garden waste, riverbed sludge and nitrate is (20-60):(40-80):(1-10)。 9. The method for preparing the garden waste rapid assembly material for improving the ecological function of urban soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the mass ratio of the amino iron pillared bentonite, amino activated carbon, chitosan and glutaraldehyde is (0.5-1):(0.5-1.5):(1-3):(0.01-0.05).

10. Use of the garden waste quick assembly material with improved urban soil ecological function as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving urban soil.

Images