Preparation method of soil conditioner fermented based on humic acid added with ammonium bicarbonate

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a soil conditioner fermented based on humic acid added with ammonium bicarbonate, and the soil conditioner with an excellent soil improvement effect is prepared by taking humic acid as a main raw material through a fermentation process, so that the properties of inferior soil can be effectively improved, and the growth situation of crops can be improved. The fertilizer has the following advantages: humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate are common substances in agricultural production, and the raw materials are wide in source and low in price. The preparation method of the soil conditioner adopts a simple fermentation process, does not need complex equipment and operation technology, and is easy to popularize and apply. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can remarkably improve the soil structure, improve the soil fertility and promote crop growth. Meanwhile, the soil conditioner also has multiple functions of water retention, drought resistance, disease resistance, acceleration of decomposition of humic acid and the like. A biological fermentation process is adopted in the preparation method of the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention, so that no harmful substance is generated, and no pollution is caused to the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of biomass formulation, and particularly to a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on humic acid added with ammonium bicarbonate after fermentation. Background Art

[0002] Soil conditioners are important substances indispensable in agricultural production. Their main function is to improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and promote crop growth. Traditional soil conditioners mainly include alkaline substances such as lime and plant ash, as well as acidic substances such as ammonium sulfate and urea. However, there are many problems in the use of these traditional soil conditioners, such as unstable effects, susceptibility to environmental influence, and high costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of soil conditioner to meet the needs of modern agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present application proposes a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on humic acid added with ammonium bicarbonate after fermentation.

[0004] On the one hand, the present application proposes a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on humic acid added with ammonium bicarbonate after fermentation, including the following steps:

[0005] S1. Prepare the soil conditioner raw materials and mix them evenly. The soil conditioner raw materials include humic acid, ammonium bicarbonate, and auxiliary additives;

[0006] S2. Place the evenly mixed soil conditioner raw materials in a fermentation tank, set the fermentation conditions, and start fermentation;

[0007] S3. After fermentation is completed, obtain the soil conditioner fermentation material, take it out, dry it, and crush it to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0008] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, the auxiliary additive is water.

[0009] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the ammonium bicarbonate is 9:1.

[0010] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, the auxiliary additive is active minerals.

[0011] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, the ratio of the humic acid, ammonium bicarbonate, and active minerals is preferably 8:1:1.

[0012] As an optional implementation scheme of the present application, optionally, the auxiliary additive is a mixture of organic fertilizer and active minerals.

[0013] As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, the mass ratio of humic acid, ammonium bicarbonate, organic fertilizer and active minerals is 5:1:3:1.

[0014] As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, the active minerals include the following ratio:

[0015] Potassium-rich mineral substrate (60%-70%), multi-element dopant (25%-30%) and micropore regulator (5%-10%).

[0016] As an optional embodiment of the present application, optionally, the fermentation conditions are:

[0017] The temperature is 50-60℃;

[0018] Humidity 60-70%;

[0019] The fermentation time is 7-10 days.

[0020] On the other hand, the present application provides a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation, which is prepared by the above-mentioned method.

[0021] Technical effects of the present invention:

[0022] The present application extracts a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation, uses humic acid as the main raw material, and prepares a soil conditioner with excellent soil improvement effect through a fermentation process, which can effectively improve the properties of poor quality soil and enhance the growth of crops.

[0023] The soil conditioner of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. Wide sources of raw materials: Humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate are common substances in agricultural production, with wide sources and low prices.

[0025] 2. Simple preparation process: The soil conditioner preparation method of the present invention adopts a simple fermentation process, does not require complicated equipment and operating technology, and is easy to promote and apply.

[0026] 3. Significant improvement effect: The soil conditioner of the present invention can significantly improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and promote crop growth. At the same time, the soil conditioner also has multiple functions such as water retention, drought resistance, disease resistance, and accelerated decomposition of humic acid.

[0027] 4. Environmentally friendly and harmless: The soil conditioner preparation method of the present invention adopts a biological fermentation process, does not produce any harmful substances, and has no pollution to the environment.

[0028] Further features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029] The drawings included in and forming a part of the specification illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present disclosure together with the specification, and are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 1 It is shown as a schematic diagram for comparing the crop growth trends of the soil conditioner of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements having the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings do not have to be drawn to scale unless otherwise specified.

[0032] As used herein, the term "exemplary" means "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration". Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as superior or better than other embodiments.

[0033] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present disclosure, numerous specific details are given in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present disclosure can be implemented without some of these specific details. In some instances, well-known means, elements, and circuits have not been described in detail so as to highlight the gist of the present disclosure.

[0034] In this embodiment, the reagents, equipment, etc. required for the experiments and preparations can be purchased from the market or prepared by oneself through experiments. This embodiment does not limit the acquisition methods of the relevant materials.

[0035] On the one hand, the present application provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on fermented humic acid added with ammonium bicarbonate, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1. Prepare the soil conditioner raw materials and mix them evenly. The soil conditioner raw materials include humic acid, ammonium bicarbonate, and auxiliary additives;

[0037] S2. Place the evenly mixed soil conditioner raw materials in a fermentation tank, and set the fermentation conditions: the temperature is 50 - 60 °C, the humidity is 60 - 70%, and the fermentation time is 7 - 10 days, and start fermentation;

[0038] S3. After fermentation is completed, obtain the soil conditioner fermentation material, take it out, dry it, and pulverize it to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0039] The present invention uses humic acid (humic acid molecular formula: C9H9NO6) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as the main raw materials, and prepares a soil conditioner with excellent soil improvement effect through a fermentation process.

[0040] The auxiliary additives are one or more of water, active minerals or organic fertilizers. And the organic fertilizers include the following categories:

[0041] Animal manure: including chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, etc. Chicken manure has a high nitrogen content and is suitable for leafy vegetables; pig manure and sheep manure are rich in organic matter and various nutrient elements and are suitable for improving the soil; cow manure has lower nutrients, but has a better effect on improving the soil;

[0042] Crop straws: such as rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, etc., can become good organic fertilizers after being decomposed, and are mainly used to improve the soil structure;

[0043] Food waste: such as leftovers, fruit peels, etc., can be made into organic fertilizers after fermentation, but the production process is prone to odor and may attract insects, and special attention needs to be paid to the decomposition process;

[0044] Industrial organic waste: such as distiller's grains, bean dregs, sugar dregs, etc., contain a certain amount of organic substances, but often have a high heavy metal content, and need to be used with caution;

[0045] Green manure crops: such as milk vetch, alfalfa, etc., are directly turned into the soil as fertilizers, have a high nitrogen content, and are suitable for field crops;

[0046] Others: including human excrement and urine, barnyard manure, compost, retting manure, biogas manure, etc.; these fertilizers are rich in organic matter and various nutrient elements, can improve the soil structure, and enhance the soil fertility.

[0047] Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter and various nutrient elements, can improve the soil structure, enhance the soil fertility, and promote plant growth. In addition, organic fertilizers can also coordinate the water, fertilizer, air and heat in the soil and improve the land productivity. The added types and quality are not limited, and the ratios in the following examples of the present invention can be referred to.

[0048] And the active minerals are potassium-rich multi-element microporous mineral active substances, which are mineral soil conditioners with high potassium content, multi-element synergistic effect and microporous structure, and can enhance the soil ion exchange capacity and nutrient slow-release performance. The composition and preparation of the active minerals of the present invention can be referred to the following scheme:

[0049] The functional properties of the materials, such as the adsorption capacity, are very important for soil conditioners. It is necessary to ensure that the materials have a high specific surface area and microporous structure to enhance the ion exchange capacity.

[0050] "Potassium-rich multi-elements", such as potassium feldspar and mica, and other element sources are added simultaneously, for example, phosphate rock provides phosphorus and clay minerals provide silicon and aluminum.

[0051] The method of hydrothermal reaction or high-temperature calcination is adopted to form a hierarchical microporous structure. The temperature and pressure parameters of the hydrothermal reaction (165 - 255 °C, 0.4 - 0.6 MPa) can be used as a reference. The steps may need to include raw material crushing, mixing, high-temperature treatment, hydrothermal reaction, and surface modification to improve dispersibility and stability.

[0052] I. Formulation Design

[0053] 1. Potassium-rich mineral substrate (60% - 70%);

[0054] Potassium feldspar (40% - 50%): provides potassium element (K2O content ≥ 12%) and silicon-aluminum skeleton;

[0055] Mica (15% - 20%): supplements trace elements such as magnesium and iron, and enhances the stability of the layered structure;

[0056] 2. Multi-element dopant (25% - 30%);

[0057] Apatite (10% - 15%): introduces phosphorus element (P2O5 content ≥ 8%), promotes soil aggregate formation

[0058] Clay minerals (kaolinite / illite, 10% - 15%): provides hierarchical aluminosilicates and cation exchange sites;

[0059] 3. Micropore regulator (5% - 10%);

[0060] Biochar particles (particle size ≤ 50 nm): are loaded on the mineral surface to form a mesoporous-microporous composite structure (specific surface area ≥ 300 m 2 / g).

[0061] Synergistic mechanism:

[0062] Potassium element slow release: realizes the gradient release of K + through interlayer ion exchange and pore confinement effect;

[0063] Multi-element activation: high-temperature calcination and hydrothermal reaction promote the reconstruction of the mineral lattice, releasing trace and medium elements such as Fe, Mg, and Ca.

[0064] II. Preparation Process

[0065] Steps process:

[0066] Raw material pretreatment:

[0067] Crush minerals such as potassium feldspar and mica to a particle size of ≤ 100 μm, and improve the specific surface area through dry ball milling;

[0068] The biochar is activated with nitric acid (concentration 3 mol / L, temperature 80 °C) and then ultrasonically dispersed into a suspension;

[0069] High-temperature eutectic calcination:

[0070] The mixed raw materials are placed in a rotary kiln and calcined at 1250 °C - 1350 °C for 2 - 3 hours to form an amorphous aluminosilicate matrix;

[0071] CO2 gas is introduced (flow rate 0.5 L / min) to regulate the formation of micropores (the proportion of pore diameters of 2 - 5 nm is ≥ 70%);

[0072] Hydrothermal crystallization modification:

[0073] The calcined product is mixed with the biochar suspension in a high-pressure reactor (solid-liquid ratio 1:3) and subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C - 220 °C for 6 - 8 hours;

[0074] 0.5% - 1% citric acid is added as a chelating agent to promote surface hydroxylation of the particles (Zeta potential ≤ -30 mV);

[0075] Surface functionalization:

[0076] Graft modification with polyacrylic acid (PAA) is used to form a hydrophilic polymer coating layer (thickness 2 - 5 nm) to enhance the adsorption stability of the soil.

[0077] Through the above method, potassium-rich active minerals are prepared.

[0078] III. Performance advantages

[0079] Ion exchange capacity: ≥ 200 cmol(+) / kg (2.3 times that of traditional mineral conditioners)

[0080] Potassium release period: The slow-release period is extended to 90 - 120 days (30 - 45 days for traditional products)

[0081] Environmental adaptability:

[0082] pH applicable range 4.5 - 8.5 (acid resistance is increased by 40% after surface modification)

[0083] Heavy metal adsorption efficiency: For Cd 2+ 、Pb 2+ The adsorption amount is ≥ 150 mg / g

[0084] IV. Application scenarios

[0085] Acidified soil remediation: Neutralize soil acidity through the proton buffering effect of the microporous structure (applying 500 kg per hectare can increase the pH value by 0.5 - 1.0);

[0086] Saline-alkali soil improvement: Using cation exchange sites to displace Na + , reducing the soil conductivity (EC value drops by 30%-50%).

[0087] Therefore, here we combine high-temperature melting reconstruction, hydrothermal crystallization and surface functionalization to achieve multi-scale structural regulation of mineral active substances, meeting the requirements of modern agriculture for the high efficiency and functionality of soil conditioners.

[0088] The application effects of this soil conditioner will be described below from the applications and data of each example.

[0089] Example 1

[0090] Take 900 g of humic acid powder, 100 g of ammonium bicarbonate and an appropriate amount of water. The humic acid powder and ammonium bicarbonate are configured in a mass ratio of 9:1 and mixed evenly. Place the mixed raw materials in a fermentation tank and ferment under the conditions of a temperature of 50-60 °C and a humidity of 60-70%. The fermentation time is 7-10 days. After fermentation, take out the fermentation product, dry it in the air, and crush it to obtain a soil conditioner. Apply this soil conditioner to farmland soil. After a period of time, it is observed that the soil structure is significantly improved and the crops grow vigorously.

[0091] Example 2:

[0092] Take 800 g of humic acid powder, 100 g of ammonium bicarbonate, 100 g of active minerals (potassium-rich multi-element microporous mineral soil conditioner), and mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 8:1:1. Place the mixed raw materials in a fermentation tank and ferment under the conditions of a temperature of 50-60 °C and a humidity of 60-70%. The fermentation time is 7-10 days. After fermentation, take out the fermentation product, dry it in the air, and crush it to obtain a soil conditioner. Apply this soil conditioner to farmland soil. After a period of time, it is observed that the soil structure is significantly improved and the crops grow vigorously.

[0093] Example 3:

[0094] Take 500 g of humic acid powder, 100 g of ammonium bicarbonate, 300 g of organic fertilizer, 100 g of active minerals (potassium-rich multi-element microporous mineral soil conditioner), and mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 5:1:3:1. Place the mixed raw materials in a fermentation tank and ferment under the conditions of a temperature of 50-60 °C and a humidity of 60-70%. The fermentation time is 7-10 days. After fermentation, take out the fermentation product, dry it in the air, and crush it to obtain a soil conditioner. Apply this soil conditioner to farmland soil. After a period of time, it is observed that the soil structure is significantly improved and the crops grow vigorously.

[0095] Control group

[0096] Under the application of the above-mentioned Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3, the corresponding soil improver was not applied in the control group. Next, the changes in the soil in various indicators will be tested after applying the soil improvers in each example to the soil in terms of various indicators.

[0097] 1. Test method:

[0098] Application conditions:

[0099] Evenly spread 50 kg of soil improver per mu, and the tillage depth is 20 cm;

[0100] Keep the irrigation water volume consistent (1 L / m 2 ), to avoid water interference.

[0101] Data collection:

[0102] Sample the soil indicators once every 30 days (depth of 0 - 20 cm);

[0103] Use unmanned aerial vehicle multi - spectral imaging to assist in measuring crop growth data (collecting planting images of crops).

[0104] 2. Application test of the ratios of each example

[0105] 2.1 Soil improvement indicators

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] 2.2 Crop growth indicators

[0109]

[0110] 2.3 Crop situation

[0111] Through rice cultivation, the soil improver of Example 3 (experimental group) was applied to the farmland soil. Compared with the farmland without applying the soil improver (control group), after a period of time, the growth situation of the crops was observed. Collect crop images through an unmanned aerial vehicle, such as Figure 1 (a) the experimental group and Figure 1 (b) the control group, it can be clearly seen that the rice in the experimental group with the applied soil improver is more plump and grows more vigorously. While the rice in the control group has a lighter color, insufficient growth, sparse rice grains, and is not as plump and numerous as the rice grains in the experimental group.

[0112] Therefore, by applying the soil improver, it helps the growth situation of crops.

[0113] 3. Technical advantages

[0114] Example 1 (Humic Acid + Ammonium Bicarbonate)

[0115] Low-cost and rapid improvement: Through the synergistic effect of humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate, the efficiency of neutralizing soil acidity is increased by 40% (compared with the traditional lime method), which is suitable for scenarios with short-term pH adjustment requirements.

[0116] Example 2 (Mineral Fortification)

[0117] Microporous mineral synergistic effect: Active minerals (potassium-rich porous structure) adsorb free salts, and the potassium release efficiency is increased by 40%, which is suitable for the remediation of potassium-deficient soils.

[0118] Enhanced stress resistance: The activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is increased, and the drought resistance of crops is improved by 15%.

[0119] Example 3 (Compound Formula of Organic Fertilizer)

[0120] Full-dimensional improvement: Organic fertilizer (300g) provides a long-term carbon source, and the microbial diversity index increases by 50%, realizing the reconstruction of soil aggregate structure.

[0121] Optimal economic benefits: The yield of peppers increases by 48%, and the income per unit area is 2.3 times higher than that in Example 1.

[0122] Example 3 shows the best performance in terms of soil structure repair (bulk density reduced by 15%), nutrient release (potassium +50%), and crop yield increase (peppers +48%) through the compound formula of "humic acid + organic fertilizer + minerals", meeting the requirements of sustainable improvement in modern agriculture. Example 1 and Example 2 are respectively suitable for short-term rapid repair and specific potassium-deficient scenarios, with significant differences in technical paths.

[0123] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. The above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of the terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements to the technologies in the market, or to enable other ordinary technical personnel in the technical field to understand the disclosed embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Prepare soil conditioner raw materials and mix them evenly, wherein the soil conditioner raw materials include humic acid, ammonium bicarbonate and auxiliary additives; S2, placing the mixed soil conditioner raw materials in a fermentation tank, setting fermentation conditions, and starting fermentation; S3, after the fermentation is completed, the fermented soil conditioner is obtained, which is taken out, dried, and crushed to obtain the soil conditioner.

2. The method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary additive is water.

3. The method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the humic acid to the ammonium bicarbonate is 9:

1.

4. The method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary additives are active minerals.

5. The method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ratio of humic acid, ammonium bicarbonate and active minerals is preferably 8:1:

1.

6. The method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary additive is a mixture of organic fertilizer and active minerals.

7. The method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the humic acid, ammonium bicarbonate, organic fertilizer and active minerals is 5:1:3:

1.

8. A method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The active minerals include the following proportions: Potassium-rich mineral substrate (60%-70%), multi-element dopant (25%-30%) and micropore regulator (5%-10%).

9. The method for preparing a soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation conditions are: The temperature is 50-60℃; Humidity 60-70%; The fermentation time is 7-10 days.

10. A soil conditioner based on humic acid and ammonium bicarbonate fermentation, characterized in that: The method is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 9.

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