Well chamber cover plate

Abstract

The invention discloses a well chamber cover plate which comprises a well lid frame arranged on the side of an opening of a well chamber, a through hole communicated with the opening of the well chamber is formed in the well lid frame, and a supporting plate is arranged at the bottom end of the inner side wall of the through hole; the well lid structure is hinged to the well lid frame through a well lid base connector, the well lid structure is contained in the through hole and placed on the supporting plate, and an automatic lock is arranged on the well lid base connector; the gas detection device is arranged on the well lid structure; the trigger is arranged at the position of the well lid base connector; the controller is arranged in the well lid structure in a packaging mode, the output end of the gas detection device and the output end of the trigger are connected to the input end of the controller, and the controlled end of the automatic lock is connected to the output end of the controller. Through intelligent cooperative control of gas detection and mechanical interlocking, when the well lid is opened, the concentration of poisonous and harmful gas in the well chamber is automatically measured, and the purposes of detecting the working environment and protecting the safety of operators are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of well chamber covers, and particularly to a well chamber cover. Background Art

[0002] Well chamber covers are protective devices for well chambers in production and life, where the well chambers can be heat well chambers, communication well chambers, etc. Well chamber covers have good sealing performance, can effectively prevent rainwater, sundries, etc. from entering the well chamber, and keep the inside of the well chamber clean and dry. At the same time, the well chamber covers are easy to install and maintain, facilitating the work of well chamber inspection and maintenance by staff.

[0003] However, when opening the well chamber cover, due to the presence of toxic and harmful gases in the well chamber, it is easy to cause poisoning and asphyxiation of the operating personnel, resulting in personal injuries. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a well chamber cover to solve the problem of easy poisoning of operating personnel when opening the well chamber cover currently.

[0005] The present invention provides a well chamber cover, including:

[0006] A well cover frame, which is arranged beside the opening of the well chamber. A through hole communicating with the well chamber opening is arranged on the well cover frame, and a support plate is arranged at the bottom end of the inner side wall of the through hole;

[0007] A well cover structure, which is hinged to the well cover frame through a well cover base connector. The well cover structure is accommodated in the through hole and placed on the support plate, and an automatic lock is arranged on the well cover base connector;

[0008] A gas detection device, which is arranged on the well cover structure and is used for detecting toxic and harmful gases in the well chamber;

[0009] A trigger, which is arranged at the position of the well cover base connector;

[0010] A power source, which is used to provide electrical energy for the whole well chamber cover;

[0011] A controller, which is encapsulated and arranged inside the well cover structure. The output ends of the gas detection device and the trigger are respectively connected to the input end of the controller, and the controlled end of the automatic lock is connected to the output end of the controller;

[0012] When the manhole cover structure rotates slightly relative to the manhole cover frame, the trigger is triggered and an opening command is generated. After the controller receives the opening command, the controller compares the detected value of toxic and harmful gases fed back by the gas detection device with the safety threshold set inside the controller. When the detected value of toxic and harmful gases is within the set safety threshold range, the controller sends an unlocking command to the automatic lock, and the automatic lock is opened. When the gas detection value exceeds the safety threshold, the controller does not send an unlocking command to the automatic lock.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the above well chamber cover plate are as follows: Through the intelligent collaborative control of gas detection and mechanical interlock, when the manhole cover is opened, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the well chamber is automatically measured, achieving the purpose of detecting the operation environment and protecting the safety of operators. It effectively solves the potential safety hazards during operation caused by the leakage of toxic and harmful gases when opening the well chamber cover plate, and at the same time improves the automation degree and protection reliability of the manhole cover operation.

[0014] When the opening action is triggered, the controller synchronously starts the gas detection device to realize the double-signal verification of "mechanical trigger + gas detection", ensuring no blind spots in safety detection. By integrating the gas detection device on the manhole cover structure, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the well chamber is monitored in real time. Based on the comparison between the detected value and the preset safety threshold, the controller only allows unlocking when the gas concentration is safe, directly blocking the opening operation under dangerous working conditions and avoiding personnel exposure to toxic environments from the source. Slightly rotating the manhole cover triggers the opening command, but it is only automatically unlocked when the gas is safe, forming a mandatory safety process of "detect first, then operate" and reducing the risk of human negligence. When the detected value exceeds the standard, the controller immediately locks the automatic lock and issues an alarm through the alarm module.

[0015] In an optional implementation manner, a sealing ring is arranged above the support plate, and the sealing ring is sleeved inside the through hole so that the manhole cover structure and the manhole cover frame are sealed through the sealing ring.

[0016] In an optional implementation manner, a fall prevention device is arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover frame, and the fall prevention device is arranged opposite to the manhole cover structure.

[0017] In an optional implementation manner, the fall prevention device includes:

[0018] An alarm, which is arranged on the manhole cover structure;

[0019] A plurality of fall prevention net hooks, each of which is respectively arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover frame;

[0020] An anti-falling net, the anti-falling net is hung on the anti-falling net hook and forms a configuration with an open top and a closed bottom. A tension sensor is arranged between the anti-falling net and the anti-falling net hook, and an output end of the tension sensor is connected to an input end of a controller;

[0021] The tension sensor feeds back the tension detection signal to the controller in real time. When the tension value fed back by the tension sensor is greater than the tension threshold built into the controller, the controller determines that there is a falling object, and the controller controls the alarm to sound an alarm.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the anti-fall net is hung at the bottom of the manhole cover frame through a hook, forming a pocket-shaped structure with "open top and closed bottom", which can effectively intercept tools, debris or people that fall when the manhole cover is accidentally opened or damaged, and prevent falling objects from falling directly into the well chamber and causing equipment damage or personal injury.

[0023] The anti-fall net hook is set in the installation hole of the manhole cover frame. The assembly can be completed by hanging the anti-fall net hook on the installation hole. The installation is very convenient. When the anti-fall net hook is damaged, the anti-fall net hook is set as a standard part, which is convenient and quick to purchase and replace.

[0024] When a falling object hits the anti-fall net, the tension value exceeds the preset threshold of the controller, and the controller immediately triggers the alarm to emit an audible and visual alarm to remind surrounding personnel to take emergency measures.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the manhole cover structure includes:

[0026] A manhole cover body, wherein a groove is provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover body;

[0027] A manhole cover insulation shell, which is detachably arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover body and forms a accommodating cavity with the groove of the manhole cover body; an electronic component shell is arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover body, and the electronic component shell is located in the groove, and the gas detection device, power supply and controller are arranged in the electronic component shell.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, a foam filling interface is provided on the insulation shell of the manhole cover; and the accommodating cavity is filled with foam.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: the foaming agent expands in the accommodating cavity to form an insulating foam layer, which effectively isolates the heat exchange between the external cold air and the well chamber, significantly improves the thermal insulation performance of the well chamber, and achieves the purpose of thermal insulation, noise reduction, and isolation.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, a temperature sensor is disposed inside the electronic component housing; a heating component is disposed inside the groove of the manhole cover body, and the heating component is arranged circumferentially along the manhole cover body; the heating component includes:

[0031] An annular positioning frame, which is arranged inside the manhole cover body and forms a heating component containing cavity between the annular positioning frame and the inner side wall of the manhole cover body;

[0032] A heating film / wire, which is arranged inside the heating component containing cavity, and the controlled end of the heating film / wire is connected to the output end of the controller.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: When the controller receives an opening instruction, the controller automatically starts the heating component, and the contact surface between the manhole cover structure and the manhole cover frame is directionally heated through the heating film / wire, quickly melting the ice layer or preventing icing, and completely avoiding the inefficient operation of traditional manual ice shoveling. The heating film / wire is uniformly arranged circumferentially along the inner side of the manhole cover body. Combined with the fixed structure of the annular positioning frame, it ensures that the heat is evenly transferred to the closing edge of the manhole cover structure and the manhole cover frame.

[0034] In an optional implementation manner, a phase change energy storage and heat preservation structure is further arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover body, and the phase change energy storage and heat preservation structure includes:

[0035] An adiabatic shell, which is fixed at the bottom end of the manhole cover body. A partition board and a heat conduction board are sequentially arranged at intervals from top to bottom inside the adiabatic shell. A first sealed cavity is formed between the partition board, the inner side wall of the adiabatic shell and the bottom wall of the manhole cover body. A second sealed cavity is formed between the partition board, the inner side wall of the adiabatic shell and the heat conduction board;

[0036] An adiabatic layer, which is arranged inside the first sealed cavity;

[0037] A phase change material layer, which is arranged inside the second sealed cavity; when the temperature in the well chamber is lower than the melting point of the phase change material layer, the phase change material layer automatically solidifies and releases latent heat.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By introducing a phase change energy storage and heat preservation structure, combining super adiabatic materials and latent heat energy storage technology, a double protection system of "passive heat preservation + active temperature regulation" for the manhole cover body is constructed. Furthermore, in winter, the heat released by the phase change material layer can be transferred to the equipment position inside the well chamber, avoiding freezing of the equipment inside the well chamber, effectively solving the problems of manhole cover icing, seal failure and freezing damage of the equipment inside the well caused by heat loss in the well chamber at low temperature, and at the same time reducing the energy consumption requirements of the heating component.

[0039] In an optional implementation manner, the phase change material layer is a paraffin-based phase change material layer, and the melting point of the paraffin-based phase change material layer is -10°C to 0°C. When the temperature in the well chamber is lower than 0°C, the phase change material automatically solidifies and releases latent heat, maintaining the temperature in the well chamber above 5°C;

[0040] A through hole is provided on the well cover heat preservation housing. The bottom end of the heat conduction plate is detachably connected with a heat transfer pipe, and the end of the heat transfer pipe is connected with a heat conduction silica gel sheet, and the heat conduction silica gel sheet is pasted on the surface of the well chamber equipment to realize heat transfer between the phase change material layer and the well chamber equipment.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By adding a directional heat conduction path of the heat transfer pipe and the heat conduction silica gel sheet, the heat management ability of the phase change energy storage heat preservation structure is extended from maintaining the well chamber ambient temperature to accurately controlling the temperature of key equipment, further improving the anti-freezing protection efficiency of the well chamber equipment, and at the same time optimizing the heat energy utilization efficiency.

[0042] In an optional implementation manner, the controller is interconnected with a control terminal through a wireless communication module, and the control terminal is a central control machine or a mobile phone APP arranged outside the well chamber; when the control terminal sends an open cover instruction to the controller, the controller receives the gas detection value fed back by the gas detection device and compares it with the set safety threshold inside the controller. When the gas detection value is within the set safety threshold range, the controller sends an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock, and the automatic lock is opened. When the gas detection value exceeds the safety threshold, the controller does not send an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By setting the control terminal, more intelligent control of the well cover opening is realized, and the risk of unauthorized personnel opening the cover without permission is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0045] Figure 1 is an exploded view of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the well cover structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the well cover frame of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-falling of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6Schematic structural diagram of the manhole cover body of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram when the electronic component housing on the manhole cover body of the present invention is opened;

[0052] Figure 8 Sectional view of the manhole cover body of the present invention.

[0053] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0054] 1. Manhole cover structure, 11. Manhole cover body, 12. Manhole cover heat preservation housing;

[0055] 2. Manhole cover base connector;

[0056] 3. Manhole cover frame, 31. Positioning seat, 32. Anti-falling net hook, 33. Sealing ring, 34. Bolt hole, 35. Through hole, 36. Anti-falling net;

[0057] 4. Heating component, 41. Annular positioning frame, 42. Heating film / wire;

[0058] 5. Phase change energy storage heat preservation structure, 51. Heat insulation housing, 52. Heat insulation layer, 53. Partition board, 54. Phase change material layer, 55. Heat conduction plate;

[0059] 6. Electronic component housing, 61. Gas detection device, 62. Alarm, 63. Controller, 64. Power supply. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a well chamber cover plate is provided, which includes Figures 1 to 8 as shown, a manhole cover frame 3, a manhole cover structure 1, a gas detection device 61, a trigger, a power supply 64, and a controller 63.

[0062] The manhole cover frame 3 is provided with bolt holes 34. The manhole cover frame 3 is positioned beside the opening of the well chamber by bolts. The manhole cover frame 3 is provided with a through hole 35 communicating with the opening of the well chamber. A support plate is provided at the bottom end of the inner side wall of the through hole 35. A positioning seat 31 is provided on the manhole cover frame 3.

[0063] The manhole cover structure 1 is hinged to the positioning seat 31 of the manhole cover frame 3 through the manhole cover base connector 2. The manhole cover structure 1 is accommodated in the through hole 35 and placed on the support plate. An automatic lock is provided on the manhole cover base connector 2, and the automatic lock is an electronic lock. When the gas measurement device detects that the gas in the well chamber is qualified, the electronic lock is unlocked, enabling the manhole cover structure 1 to be opened, achieving the purpose of allowing operators to enter the well chamber for operation.

[0064] The gas detection device 61 is arranged on the manhole cover structure 1 and is used to detect the toxic and harmful gases in the well chamber.

[0065] The trigger is arranged at the position of the manhole cover base connector 2. When the manhole cover structure 1 rotates slightly relative to the manhole cover frame 3, an opening cover instruction will be triggered. The trigger is an inclination sensor or a touch switch. The trigger can be arranged on the rotating shaft of the manhole cover base connector 2.

[0066] The power supply 64 is used to supply electrical energy to the electronic components of the entire well chamber cover.

[0067] The controller 63 is encapsulated and arranged inside the manhole cover structure 1. The output ends of the gas detection device 61 and the trigger are respectively connected to the input end of the controller 63, and the controlled end of the automatic lock is connected to the output end of the controller 63. When the manhole cover structure 1 rotates slightly relative to the manhole cover frame 3, the trigger is triggered and an opening cover instruction is generated. After the controller 63 receives the opening cover instruction, the controller 63 compares the detection value of the toxic and harmful gases fed back by the gas detection device 61 with the safety threshold set inside the controller. When the detection value of the toxic and harmful gases is within the set safety threshold range, the controller 63 issues an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock, and the automatic lock is opened. When the gas detection value exceeds the safety threshold, the controller 63 does not issue an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock.

[0068] For the above-mentioned well chamber cover, through the intelligent collaborative control of gas detection and mechanical interlocking, when the manhole cover is opened, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the well chamber is automatically measured, achieving the purpose of detecting the operation environment and protecting the safety of operators. It effectively solves the operation safety hazard caused by the leakage of toxic and harmful gases when the well chamber cover is opened, and at the same time improves the automation degree and protection reliability of the manhole cover operation.

[0069] When the lid-opening action is triggered (the manhole cover rotates slightly by ≥2°), the controller 63 synchronously activates the gas detection device 61 to implement double-signal verification of "mechanical trigger + gas detection", ensuring no blind spots in safety detection. By integrating the gas detection device 61 on the manhole cover structure 1, the concentration of toxic and harmful gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, etc.) in the well chamber is monitored in real time. Based on the comparison between the detected value and the preset safety threshold, the controller 63 only allows unlocking when the gas concentration is safe, directly blocking the lid-opening operation under dangerous conditions and avoiding personnel exposure to toxic environments at the source. Slightly rotating the manhole cover triggers the lid-opening instruction (through a trigger), but it is only automatically unlocked when the gas is safe, forming a mandatory safety process of "detect first, then operate" and reducing the risk of human negligence. When the detected value exceeds the standard, the controller 63 immediately locks the automatic lock and issues an alarm through the alarm module (integrated in the manhole cover structure 1).

[0070] The manhole cover base connector 2 uses an electronic lock, and unauthorized personnel cannot open the manhole cover by physical prying. At the same time, the intelligent logic of the controller 63 can prevent mis-triggering, improving the anti-theft performance and operation controllability.

[0071] In some embodiments, a sealing ring 33 is provided above the support plate. The sealing ring 33 is sleeved inside the through hole 35, so that the manhole cover structure 1 and the manhole cover frame 3 are sealed through the sealing ring 33, making the contact surface fit more tightly, thereby achieving the purposes of shock absorption, noise reduction, and sealing.

[0072] More specifically, a double-layer silicone sealing ring (temperature resistance -40°C to 120°C) is provided on the contact surface between the manhole cover structure 1 and the through hole 35, and the protection level reaches IP68, which can resist rainstorms (50mm / h) and dust intrusion.

[0073] In some embodiments, the manhole cover frame 3 adopts a composite process of 316L stainless steel + epoxy coating, with no rust after a salt spray test of ≥1000 hours, and the service life is extended to 15 years (the service life of traditional carbon steel covers is about 8 years).

[0074] Due to the risk of personnel and materials falling into the well chamber when the manhole cover is open or by mistake, which may cause falling objects from a height or personal injury. To solve this problem, in some embodiments, a fall prevention device is provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover frame 3, and the fall prevention device is arranged opposite to the manhole cover structure 1. The fall prevention device includes an alarm 62, a fall prevention net hook 32, and a fall prevention net 36. The alarm 62 is provided on the manhole cover structure 1 and can be arranged inside the electronic component housing. A plurality of fall prevention net hooks 32 are provided, and each fall prevention net hook 32 is respectively provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover frame 3. The fall prevention net is hung on the fall prevention net hooks 32 and forms a configuration with an open top and a closed bottom, better ensuring the safety of operators and serving the purpose of protecting materials.

[0075] In this embodiment, the anti-fall net is hung on the bottom of the manhole cover frame 3 through the anti-fall net hook 32, forming a pocket-shaped structure with "open top and closed bottom", which can effectively intercept tools, debris or people that fall when the manhole cover is accidentally opened or damaged, and prevent falling objects from falling directly into the well chamber and causing equipment damage or personal injury.

[0076] The anti-fall net hook 32 is set in the installation hole of the manhole cover frame 3. The assembly can be completed by hanging the anti-fall net hook 32 on the installation hole. The installation is very convenient. When the anti-fall net hook 32 is damaged, the anti-fall net hook 32 is set as a standard part, which is convenient and quick to purchase and replace.

[0077] A tension sensor is provided between the anti-fall net and the anti-fall net hook 32, and the output end of the tension sensor is connected to the input end of the controller. A tension sensor is provided between the anti-fall net and the anti-fall net hook 32 to monitor the tension borne by the net in real time. The tension sensor feeds back the tension detection signal to the controller in real time. When the tension value fed back by the tension sensor is greater than the tension threshold built into the controller, the controller determines that there is a falling object, and the controller controls the alarm to sound an alarm. When the falling object impacts the anti-fall net, the tension value exceeds the preset threshold of the controller (such as the typical impact force range when a human body or a heavy object falls), and the controller immediately triggers the alarm to send out an audible and visual alarm to remind the surrounding personnel to take emergency measures.

[0078] The controller's built-in tension threshold can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual use scenario of the well chamber (such as well depth, common weight of falling objects), avoiding false alarms caused by environmental vibrations or slight touches, while ensuring high-sensitivity detection of real falling events.

[0079] In some embodiments, the manhole cover structure 1 includes a manhole cover body 11 and a manhole cover insulation shell 12. A groove is provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover body 11. The manhole cover insulation shell 12 is detachably provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover body 11, and the manhole cover body 11 and the manhole cover insulation shell 12 are tightly connected through a provided interface. More specifically, a plurality of card protrusions are provided on the manhole cover body 11, and a card slot is provided on the manhole cover insulation shell 12, and the manhole cover body 11 and the manhole cover insulation shell 12 are connected by card assembly. The manhole cover insulation shell 12 and the groove of the manhole cover body 11 form a accommodating cavity. An electronic component shell 6 is provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover body 11, and the electronic component shell 6 is an insulating shell. The electronic component shell 6 is located in the groove, and the gas detection device 61, the power supply 64 and the controller 63 are arranged in the electronic component shell 6.

[0080] The heat-insulating shell 12 of the manhole cover is set as a plastic mold body, which is convenient for reducing the volume space during mass transportation. The heat-insulating shell 12 of the manhole cover is set as a consumable part. When the heat-insulating shell 12 of the manhole cover is damaged, it is very easy to replace the heat-insulating shell 12 of the manhole cover.

[0081] Due to the low temperature in winter and the poor heat insulation performance of the manhole cover, it is easy to cause the low temperature in the well chamber, which in turn causes frost damage to the equipment and facilities or stored items in the well chamber. To solve this problem, in some embodiments, a foaming agent filling interface is provided on the heat preservation housing 12 of the manhole cover. The accommodating cavity is filled with canned foaming agent, and the installation operation of the foaming agent is simple and convenient to purchase. The foaming agent expands in the accommodating cavity to form a heat preservation foam layer, effectively isolating the heat exchange between the outside cold air and the well chamber, significantly improving the heat preservation performance of the well chamber, and achieving the purposes of heat preservation, noise reduction, and isolation.

[0082] Due to the low temperature in winter, icing is likely to occur between the manhole cover structure 1 and the manhole cover frame 3. When opening the manhole cover, it is necessary to use tools to remove the ice layer between the manhole cover structure 1 and the manhole cover frame 3, which is time-consuming and laborious. To solve this problem, in some embodiments, a temperature sensor is provided inside the electronic component housing 6. A heating component 4 is provided on the inner side of the groove of the manhole cover body 11, and the heating component 4 is arranged circumferentially along the manhole cover body 11. The heating component 4 includes an annular positioning frame 41 and a heating film / wire 42. The annular positioning frame 41 is arranged on the inner side of the manhole cover body 11 and forms a heating component accommodating cavity between it and the inner side wall of the manhole cover body 11. The heating film / wire 42 is arranged inside the heating component accommodating cavity, and the controlled end of the heating film / wire 42 is connected to the output end of the controller 63.

[0083] In this embodiment, when the controller receives the manhole cover opening instruction, the controller 63 automatically starts the heating component 4, and the contact surface between the manhole cover structure 1 and the manhole cover frame 3 is directionally heated through the heating film / wire 42 to quickly melt the ice layer or prevent icing, completely avoiding the inefficient operation of traditional manual ice shoveling. The heating film / wire 42 is evenly arranged circumferentially along the inner side of the manhole cover body 11. Combined with the fixed structure of the annular positioning frame 41, it ensures that the heat is evenly transmitted to the closing edge of the manhole cover structure 1 and the manhole cover frame 3.

[0084] The controller 63 can also dynamically adjust the heating power according to the temperature sensor data (such as the PID algorithm), only start heating near the freezing point to avoid excessive energy consumption; after heating is completed, it automatically enters the sleep mode to achieve "heating on demand".

[0085] In some embodiments, a phase change energy storage heat preservation structure 5 is further provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover body 11. The phase change energy storage heat preservation structure 5 includes a heat insulation housing 51, a heat insulation layer 52, and a phase change material layer 54. The heat insulation housing 51 is fixed to the bottom end of the manhole cover body 11. The heat insulation housing 51 is made of high-strength fiberglass material (compressive strength ≥ 15 MPa) and is fixed to the bottom end of the manhole cover body 11 through a bolt array to form the matrix of the heat preservation system.

[0086] Inside the adiabatic housing 51, a partition plate 53 and a heat conducting plate 55 are sequentially arranged at intervals from top to bottom. A first sealed cavity is formed among the partition plate 53, the inner side wall of the adiabatic housing 51 and the bottom wall of the well cover body 11. A second sealed cavity is formed among the partition plate 53, the inner side wall of the adiabatic housing 51 and the heat conducting plate 55.

[0087] The thermal insulation layer 52 is arranged in the first sealed cavity. The thermal insulation layer 52 is an aerogel thermal insulation layer (nano-SiO2 aerogel, porosity > 95%), and the thermal conductivity at room temperature ≤ 0.018W / m·K, blocking the upward conduction of the cold quantity in the well chamber.

[0088] The phase change material layer 54 is arranged in the second sealed cavity, and the phase change material layer 54 realizes the dynamic storage and release of thermal energy through solid-liquid phase change. When the temperature in the well chamber is lower than the melting point of the phase change material layer 54, the phase change material layer 54 automatically solidifies and releases latent heat. The phase change energy storage completely depends on the environmental temperature difference drive and does not require external energy supply. The phase change material layer 54 is a paraffin-based phase change material layer, and the melting point of the paraffin-based phase change material layer is -10°C to 0°C. When the temperature in the well chamber is lower than 0°C, the phase change material automatically solidifies and releases latent heat, maintaining the temperature in the well chamber above 5°C, further improving the heat preservation effect and preventing the internal facilities such as well cover locks and pipelines from being frozen. When the temperature in the well chamber rises, the phase change material absorbs heat and melts, storing thermal energy to cope with the next low-temperature impact.

[0089] In this embodiment, by introducing the phase change energy storage and heat preservation structure 5, combining the super adiabatic material and the latent heat energy storage technology, a double protection system of "passive heat preservation + active temperature regulation" for the well cover body 11 is constructed. Furthermore, in winter, the heat released by the phase change material layer 54 can be transferred to the equipment position inside the well chamber, avoiding the freezing of the equipment inside the well chamber, effectively solving the problems of well cover icing, seal failure and freezing damage of the equipment inside the well caused by heat loss in the well chamber under low-temperature environment, and at the same time reducing the energy consumption demand of the heating component 4.

[0090] In addition, a eutectic mixture of capric acid (C10) and lauric acid (C12) can be used instead of the paraffin-based phase change material. The melting point of the eutectic mixture of capric acid (C10) and lauric acid (C12) is -5°C to 12°C, and the latent heat can reach 260 - 280kJ / kg, which is 20% higher than that of pure paraffin, and the heat storage per unit mass is significantly increased.

[0091] In some embodiments, a through hole is provided on the well cover heat preservation housing 12. The bottom end of the heat conducting plate 55 is detachably connected with a heat transfer tube, and the end of the heat transfer tube is connected with a heat conducting silica gel sheet, and the heat conducting silica gel sheet is pasted on the surface of the well chamber equipment to realize heat transfer between the phase change material layer 54 and the well chamber equipment.

[0092] In this embodiment, by adding a directional heat conduction path between the heat transfer tube and the thermally conductive silicone sheet, the thermal management ability of the phase change energy storage insulation structure 5 is extended from maintaining the well chamber ambient temperature to precisely controlling the temperature of key equipment, further enhancing the anti-freezing protection efficiency of the well chamber equipment and optimizing the thermal energy utilization efficiency.

[0093] The heat conduction plate 55 forms a direct heat conduction link of "phase change material layer 54 → well chamber equipment" through the heat transfer tube and the thermally conductive silicone sheet, and directionally conveys the latent heat released by the solidification of the phase change material to the surface of the well chamber equipment (such as valves, pipelines), preventing the equipment from freezing due to local low temperature or performance degradation. The thermally conductive silicone sheet has high flexibility and adhesiveness (thermal conductivity ≥ 5W / m·K), can closely fit the irregular shape of the equipment surface, fill the contact gap, reduce the thermal resistance, and ensure efficient heat transfer.

[0094] The heat transfer tube and the heat conduction plate 55 are detachably connected by threads or snap fasteners, and can be separated without tools, which is convenient for cleaning the scale on the inner wall of the heat transfer tube or replacing the thermally conductive silicone sheet, reducing the complexity of operation and maintenance. If the layout of the well chamber equipment is adjusted, only the heat transfer tube with an appropriate length needs to be replaced or the thermally conductive silicone sheet needs to be re-pasted, without changing the main body of the phase change energy storage insulation structure 5, with strong adaptability and controllable cost.

[0095] The heat transfer tube is made of copper-nickel alloy or galvanized stainless steel, with both high thermal conductivity (≥ 200W / m·K) and resistance to the humidity and chemical corrosion in the well chamber; the thermally conductive silicone sheet is added with antioxidants and has a service life of more than 5 years.

[0096] In some embodiments, a flexible photovoltaic panel can also be provided at the top of the well cover body 11. The flexible photovoltaic panel is made of lightweight and high-strength materials, can absorb solar radiation and convert it into electrical energy, and provides continuous and reliable power supply for the heating components or other electronic components in the well chamber. The surface of the photovoltaic panel is coated with a self-cleaning coating, which can effectively resist the adhesion of pollutants such as dust, rain and snow, reduce the cleaning and maintenance frequency, and extend the service life. Its installation method is flexible and diverse, and it can be firmly connected to the well cover body 11 by means of brackets, snap fasteners or magnetic attraction, etc., ensuring good working conditions in various harsh environments. In addition, the flexible photovoltaic panel also has excellent weather resistance and impact resistance, and can operate stably under extreme climate conditions, providing a strong guarantee for the normal operation of the well chamber equipment.

[0097] In some embodiments, the controller is interconnected with a control terminal through a wireless communication module, and the control terminal is a central control unit or a mobile phone APP disposed outside the well chamber. When the control terminal sends an instruction to open the cover to the controller 63, the controller 63 receives the gas detection value feedback by the gas detection device 61 and compares it with the safety threshold set inside the controller. When the gas detection value is within the set safety threshold range, the controller 63 sends an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock, and the automatic lock is opened. When the gas detection value exceeds the safety threshold, the controller 63 does not send an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock.

[0098] In this embodiment, by setting the control terminal, more intelligent control of the manhole cover opening is realized. This embodiment reduces the risk of unauthorized personnel opening the cover without permission. The control terminal supports role permission allocation (such as maintenance personnel, administrators), and the opening instruction requires multiple authentications such as biometric identification and dynamic password to ensure the legality and traceability of the operation.

[0099] When the remote opening instruction is triggered, the controller 63 can synchronously start the heating component 4 to preheat the edge of the manhole cover (to prevent ice adhesion), or activate the anti-fall net tension sensor to enter the high-sensitivity mode to achieve the coordinated response of multiple protection systems. If the gas detection value exceeds the limit, in addition to refusing to unlock, the controller 63 automatically pushes an alarm message through the control terminal.

[0100] In some embodiments, the controller 63 is built-in with a multi-gas composite detection algorithm (supporting 8 types of gases such as HS, CO, CH, etc.), and can automatically match the safety threshold according to different well chamber types (thermal well / communication well) (for example, the HS threshold is set to 10 ppm), and the false positive rate ≤ 0.1%. The present invention realizes multi-gas detection and dynamic threshold matching through hardware sensor fusion + software intelligent decision-making. The specific technical path is as follows:

[0101] 1. Sensor array and signal processing

[0102] Gas sensor group: An electrochemical + infrared + semiconductor composite sensor is adopted (such as an EC4-2000 type electrochemical sensor for H2S and a TGS5042 semiconductor sensor for CO), covering 8 types of gases (H2S, CO, CH4, O2, NH3, SO2, NO2, VOCs), and the detection accuracy reaches ±2% FS (full scale).

[0103] Signal preprocessing: The original signal of the sensor is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion through a 24-bit ADC module (ADS1256 chip), and the Kalman filter algorithm is used to eliminate environmental noise interference (temperature and humidity compensation range: -20°C to 60°C, humidity 0 to 95% RH).

[0104] 2. Multi-gas collaborative analysis algorithm

[0105] Feature extraction and weight assignment: Based on "Principal Component Analysis (PCA)", the dimensionality reduction process is performed on the 8 gas concentration data, and the weight coefficients are dynamically assigned in combination with the well chamber type (thermal well / communication well). For example, the weight of CO in the thermal well accounts for 60%, and the weight of H2S in the communication well accounts for 40%.

[0106] Cross-interference compensation: Built-in gas cross-interference matrix (such as the interference coefficient of H2S on the CO sensor is 0.03), and the detected value is corrected in real time by the least squares method, with an error rate ≤ 1.5%.

[0107] 3. Well chamber type identification and threshold matching

[0108] The controller 63 automatically identifies the well chamber type in the following ways:

[0109] Positioning label reading: The manhole cover frame 3 is pre-embedded with RFID tags (ISO 15693 protocol), which stores the well chamber attribute code (such as "R01" represents a thermal well, and "T02" represents a communication well).

[0110] Gas concentration pattern learning: If the label is not read, it is automatically classified according to the gas concentration distribution within 30 minutes after startup (such as the CO baseline value in the thermal well > 5 ppm), with an accuracy rate ≥ 95%.

[0111] Threshold dynamic matching: The built-in database stores the safety thresholds for different well chamber types. For example, for thermal wells: H2S ≤ 10 ppm, CO ≤ 50 ppm; for communication wells: CH4 ≤ 1%, O2 ≥ 19.5%, and it supports remote update of threshold parameters through the wireless module (NB-IoT / LoRa).

[0112] 4. Self-learning optimization mechanism

[0113] Historical data iteration: The controller 63 stores the detected data in the internal FLASH every 24 hours, and optimizes the threshold boundary conditions through the sliding window algorithm to avoid misjudgment.

[0114] Abnormal pattern recognition: The Isolation Forest algorithm is used to detect sudden gas leakage events, and the probability of triggering an emergency lock is increased by 3 times compared with the traditional threshold method (test data are shown in the following table).

[0115] Detection scenario Detection rate of traditional threshold method Detection rate of the present invention Slow leakage 72％ 95％ Sudden leakage 58％ 89％

[0116] 5. User-defined functions

[0117] Threshold hierarchical management: Supports three-level permission settings (administrator / maintenance operator / operator), and the threshold sensitivity can be adjusted through the Bluetooth APP (Android / iOS) (such as adjusting the H2S alarm threshold from 10 ppm to 8 ppm).

[0118] Scene mode switching: Preset "Normal Mode", "High-risk Mode", "Maintenance Mode". For example, in the high-risk mode, the response time is automatically compressed to 0.3 seconds, and the backup power supply is activated.

[0119] 6. Security verification mechanism

[0120] Dual redundancy check: Each unlocking instruction requires dual verification through CRC32 check + timestamp encryption (AES-128 algorithm) to prevent malicious signal injection (through IEC 443-3-3 network security test).

[0121] Fault self-diagnosis: The sensor self-check is performed every 2 hours (injecting a standard gas sample). If the deviation > 5%, the fault code E02 is triggered, and the backup sensor group is switched to.

[0122] 7. Hardware support architecture:

[0123] Main control chip: STM32H743VIT6 (dual-core Cortex-M7, main frequency 480MHz);

[0124] Communication protocol: Modbus RTU (wired) / MQTT (wireless);

[0125] Storage module: W25Q64JVSSIQ (64Mb SPI FLASH).

[0126] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A well chamber cover, characterized in that: include: A manhole cover frame (3), the manhole cover frame (3) being arranged beside the opening of the manhole chamber, the manhole cover frame (3) being provided with a through hole (35) communicating with the opening of the manhole chamber, and a support plate being provided at the bottom end of the inner side wall of the through hole (35); A manhole cover structure (1), the manhole cover structure (1) is hinged to a manhole cover frame (3) via a manhole cover base connector (2), the manhole cover structure (1) is accommodated in a through hole (35) and placed on a support plate, and an automatic lock is provided on the manhole cover base connector (2); A gas detection device (61), the gas detection device (61) being arranged on the manhole cover structure (1), and the gas detection device (61) being used to detect toxic and harmful gases in the manhole chamber; A trigger, the trigger being arranged at the position of the manhole cover base connector (2); A power source (64), the power source (64) being used to provide electrical energy to the well chamber cover plate as a whole; A controller (63), wherein the controller (63) is packaged and arranged inside the manhole cover structure (1), the output ends of the gas detection device (61) and the trigger are respectively connected to the input end of the controller (63), and the controlled end of the automatic lock is connected to the output end of the controller (63); When the manhole cover structure (1) slightly rotates relative to the manhole cover frame (3), the trigger is triggered and generates an opening instruction. After the controller (63) receives the opening instruction, the controller (63) compares the toxic and harmful gas detection value fed back by the gas detection device (61) with the safety threshold set inside the controller. When the toxic and harmful gas detection value is within the set safety threshold, the controller (63) sends an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock, and the automatic lock is opened. When the gas detection value exceeds the safety threshold, the controller (63) does not send an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock.

2. The well chamber cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring (33) is provided above the support plate, and the sealing ring (33) is sleeved on the inner side of the through hole (35), so that the manhole cover structure (1) and the manhole cover frame (3) are sealed through the sealing ring (33).

3. The well chamber cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the manhole cover frame (3) is provided with an anti-falling device, and the anti-falling device is arranged facing the manhole cover structure (1).

4. The well chamber cover plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-fall device comprises: An alarm device, wherein the alarm device is arranged on the manhole cover structure (1); A plurality of anti-falling net hooks (32), each of the anti-falling net hooks (32) being arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover frame (3); An anti-falling net, the anti-falling net is hung on the anti-falling net hook (32) and forms a configuration with an open top and a closed bottom, a tension sensor is arranged between the anti-falling net and the anti-falling net hook (32), and an output end of the tension sensor is connected to an input end of a controller; The tension sensor feeds back the tension detection signal to the controller in real time. When the tension value fed back by the tension sensor is greater than the tension threshold built into the controller, the controller determines that there is a falling object, and the controller controls the alarm to sound an alarm.

5. The well chamber cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manhole cover structure (1) comprises: A manhole cover body (11), wherein a groove is provided at the bottom end of the manhole cover body (11); A manhole cover insulation shell (12), the manhole cover insulation shell (12) is detachably arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover body (11) and forms a receiving cavity with the groove of the manhole cover body (11); an electronic component shell (6) is arranged at the bottom end of the manhole cover body (11), the electronic component shell (6) is located in the groove, and the gas detection device (61), the power supply (64) and the controller (63) are arranged in the electronic component shell (6).

6. The well chamber cover according to claim 5, characterized in that: The well cover heat-insulating shell (12) is provided with a foam filling interface; the accommodating cavity is filled with foam.

7. The well chamber cover according to claim 5, characterized in that: A temperature sensor is arranged inside the electronic component housing (6); a heating component (4) is arranged inside the groove of the manhole cover body (11), and the heating component (4) is arranged circumferentially along the manhole cover body (11); the heating component (4) comprises: An annular positioning frame (41), the annular positioning frame (41) being arranged on the inner side of the manhole cover body (11) and enclosing a heating component containing cavity between the manhole cover body (11) and the inner side wall; A heating film / wire (42), wherein the heating film / wire (42) is arranged inside the heating component containing cavity, and a controlled end of the heating film / wire (42) is connected to an output end of a controller (63).

8. The well chamber cover plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the manhole cover body (11) is also provided with a phase-change energy storage and thermal insulation structure (5), and the phase-change energy storage and thermal insulation structure (5) comprises: A heat-insulating shell (51), the heat-insulating shell (51) being fixed to the bottom end of the manhole cover body (11), the interior of the heat-insulating shell (51) being provided with a partition (53) and a heat-conducting plate (55) in sequence from top to bottom, the partition (53), the inner side wall of the heat-insulating shell (51) and the bottom wall of the manhole cover body (11) forming a first sealed cavity, and the partition (53), the inner side wall of the heat-insulating shell (51) and the heat-conducting plate (55) forming a second sealed cavity; A heat-insulating layer (52), the heat-insulating layer (52) being arranged in the first sealed cavity; A phase change material layer (54) is arranged in the second sealed cavity; when the temperature in the well chamber is lower than the melting point of the phase change material layer (54), the phase change material layer (54) automatically solidifies to release latent heat.

9. The well cover plate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The phase change material layer (54) is a paraffin-based phase change material layer, the melting point of which is -10°C to 0°C. When the well chamber temperature is lower than 0°C, the phase change material automatically solidifies and releases latent heat, maintaining the well chamber temperature above 5°C. The well cover insulation shell (12) is provided with a through hole, the bottom end of the heat conducting plate (55) is detachably connected to a heat transfer tube, the end of the heat transfer tube is connected to a heat conducting silicone sheet, and the heat conducting silicone sheet is adhered to the surface of the well chamber equipment to achieve heat transfer between the phase change material layer (54) and the well chamber equipment.

10. The well chamber cover according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The controller is interactively connected to a control terminal via a wireless communication module, and the control terminal is a central control machine or a mobile phone APP arranged outside the well chamber; when the control terminal sends a cover opening instruction to the controller (63), the controller (63) receives the gas detection value fed back by the gas detection device (61) and compares it with the safety threshold set inside the controller; when the gas detection value is within the set safety threshold, the controller (63) sends an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock, and the automatic lock is opened; when the gas detection value exceeds the safety threshold, the controller (63) does not send an unlocking instruction to the automatic lock.

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