A shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels and its supporting method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a shield-type shield machine for tunnels with poor geological conditions and a supporting method thereof, including a cutter head mechanism; a shield structure, which is connected in a segmented splicing manner and is used for supporting the tunnel. The shield structure is composed of a top corner guard plate, a top guard plate, side guard plates, bottom corner guard plates and a bottom guard plate, and the shield structure adopts an inwardly foldable structure; a propulsion mechanism; a feeding rack, which is used to supplement the shield structure in a folded state to the tunnel excavation end; a through-feed rack mechanism, which is used to transfer the shield structure supplemented by the feeding rack to the transition space and assist the shield structure to expand and support in the transition space. The present invention enables the propulsion mechanism to only need to push the cutter head mechanism forward for each operation, and also provides a foldable shield structure, which is convenient for transportation and can complete splicing by itself. The provided feed rack mechanism can enable the shield structure to expand synchronously from top to bottom and from middle to bottom.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a shield-type shield machine for tunnels in poor geological conditions and a supporting method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When constructing tunnels and developing underground spaces in complex geological and urban environments, accidents such as surface collapses, settlement of structures, and pavement damage are extremely likely to be induced. Especially in the development of urban underground spaces, these accidents are induced by the displacement change of the surrounding rock within a range of 1.5 times the tunnel diameter in front of the tunnel face. In the engineering field, there are already many methods and technical measures for controlling the displacement and deformation of the surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face;

[0003] For example, a shield-type cyclic pre-support shield device for tunnels in soft soil surrounding rock with a publication number of CN119122553B is provided. In this shield device, an equipment body, a support ring, and a jacking system are provided. The support method is to use the jacking system to push a support ring body into the tunnel to a certain depth, and at the same time use the support ring to support the excavated part. After that, the support rings are placed cyclically and continuously pushed into the tunnel until the excavation of the entire tunnel is completed;

[0004] In the above support method, the position of the provided jacking system remains unchanged, but the number of support rings it pushes will increase with the increase in the development depth of the tunnel. Regarding the resistance that the jacking system needs to face, there is not only the resistance from the excavation of the equipment body, but also the frictional force between the support ring and the tunnel body. Moreover, with the increase in the development depth, this frictional resistance increases, resulting in a gradual increase in the resistance that the jacking system needs to face, ultimately causing the tunneling rate to gradually decrease. In even more serious cases, it may even cause the jacking system to be damaged due to excessive negative pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shield-type shield machine for tunnels in poor geological conditions and a supporting method thereof, which can enable the propulsion mechanism to only push the cutter head mechanism forward for each operation. A foldable shield structure is also provided, which is convenient for transportation and can be self-assembled. The provided feeding mechanism can enable the shield structure to be unfolded synchronously in the upper, middle, and lower parts.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are specifically as follows:

[0007] A shield-type shield machine for tunnels in poor geological conditions, comprising:

[0008] A cutter head mechanism;

[0009] A shield structure, which is connected in a segmented splicing manner and is used to support the tunnel. The shield structure is composed of a top corner guard plate, a top guard plate, a side guard plate, a bottom corner guard plate, and a bottom guard plate, and the shield structure adopts an inwardly foldable structure;

[0010] A propulsion mechanism that penetrates into the excavation end of the tunnel and is used to push the cutter head mechanism into the tunnel. After a single tunneling of the cutter head mechanism, a transition space is generated between it and the shield structure at the end. Inside the propulsion mechanism, there is also a gantry crane for transporting the bottom protection plate and the muck transfer trolley into the transition space.

[0011] A replenishment rack for replenishing the shield structure in a folded state to the tunnel excavation end.

[0012] A through-feed rack mechanism for transporting the shield structure replenished by the replenishment rack to the transition space and assisting the shield structure to unfold and support in the transition space.

[0013] The cutter head mechanism includes a cutter head shell, a cutter head assembled at the end of the cutter head shell, and a transition shield cover telescopically assembled at the tail of the cutter head shell.

[0014] A spiral feeder for discharging muck is integrally assembled on the back of the cutter head shell, and a muck trolley is placed at the end of the spiral feeder. Inside the cutter head mechanism, there is a power mechanism one for driving the cutter head to rotate and operate.

[0015] On the top of the inner walls on both sides of the transition shield cover, wall tooth plates are horizontally and fixedly arranged. On the top of the inner walls on both sides of the tail of the cutter head shell, wall gears are rotatably assembled, and the wall gears are meshed with the corresponding wall tooth plates. Wall grooves for the wall tooth plates to pass through are opened on the outer walls on both sides of the cutter head shell. On the top of the inner side of the tail of the cutter head shell, there is a power mechanism two for simultaneously driving the two wall gears to rotate.

[0016] Two top corner protection plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top, two bottom corner protection plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom. The top protection plate is placed between the two top corner protection plates and is hinged to the two top corner protection plates through a connecting protection plate. The side protection plate is placed between the two top corner protection plates and the bottom corner protection plates and is hinged to both of them through a connecting protection plate. The bottom protection plate is placed between the two bottom corner protection plates.

[0017] On the inner walls of the top corner protection plates and the bottom corner protection plates, L-shaped grooved steel pipes are integrally arranged in an array. On the inner walls of the top protection plate, side protection plate, and bottom protection plate, vertical grooved steel pipes are integrally arranged in an array. Inside the two ends of each L-shaped grooved steel pipe, inner steel ribs are assembled in a spring telescopic manner, and the inner steel ribs can be detachably inserted into the inside of one end of the corresponding vertical grooved steel pipe.

[0018] Locking grooves are opened at the corners of the same end of the top corner protection plates and the bottom corner protection plates. Locking angle plates are integrally arranged at the corners of the other end of the top corner protection plates and the bottom corner protection plates. The two groups of shield structures are connected by inserting the locking angle plates into the corresponding locking grooves.

[0019] Hook holes are provided at both ends of the surface of the horizontal plate of the bottom corner guard plate, and a perforation is penetrated and provided at the end of the bottom side of the L-shaped groove steel pipe located on the inner wall of the bottom corner guard plate;

[0020] One end of the bottom guard plate is integrally provided with a drop hook, and a hook groove is provided at the other end of the drop hook. The two bottom guard plates are connected by inserting the drop hook into the corresponding hook groove;

[0021] A hanging rail is integrally provided below the vertical groove steel pipe on the inner wall of the top guard plate, and a strip rail is integrally provided on the surface of the vertical groove steel pipe on the inner wall of the bottom guard plate.

[0022] The propulsion mechanism includes a hollow steel rectangular frame and propulsion hydraulic cylinders fixedly arranged at the four side corners of the hollow steel rectangular frame. The telescopic output end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is connected to the structure at the tail of the cutter head housing. A track machine one is arranged at the bottom of the hollow steel rectangular frame, and the track machine one and the strip rails spliced on the surfaces of the bottom guard plates form a sliding assembly. A support block is telescopically assembled inside the track machine one through a telescopic mechanism arranged in an array, and when the support block abuts against the corresponding vertical groove steel pipe on the surface of the bottom guard plate, it is used to fix the position of the propulsion mechanism;

[0023] A gantry rail is integrally provided at the top of the middle structure of the hollow steel rectangular frame, and the gantry crane and the gantry rail form a sliding assembly.

[0024] A crane is fixedly assembled at the top of the middle of the feeding frame, and the crane and the hanging rails spliced on the inner walls of the top guard plates form a sliding assembly. Struts are fixedly connected to the middle parts on both sides of the feeding frame, fork supports are fixedly connected to the bottoms on both sides of the feeding frame, and the bottom ends on both sides of the feeding frame are detachably connected to the retaining bars;

[0025] When the feeding frame transports and folds the shield structure, the crane is placed on the surface of the top guard plate and at the docking position of the two top corner guard plates, the struts are placed at the tops on the outer sides of the corresponding side guard plates, and the fork supports are placed at the tops on the inner sides of the corresponding bottom corner guard plates.

[0026] The through-feed frame mechanism includes a top plate expansion mechanism, a bottom plate expansion mechanism, a side plate expansion mechanism, and a track machine two. The track machine two and the strip rails spliced on the surfaces of the bottom guard plates form a sliding assembly, and a counterweight frame is integrally provided on the surface of the track machine two.

[0027] The top plate expansion mechanism is used to carry the top corner guard plate and expand the top corner guard plate obliquely upward. The top plate expansion mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 2 and a corner bracket. The tops of both sides of the counterweight frame are integrally provided with oblique guide brackets. The two hydraulic cylinders 2 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the tops of both sides of the counterweight frame, and the telescopic output ends of the hydraulic cylinder 2 are fixedly connected to the corner brackets. One end of the corner bracket is slidingly assembled with the corresponding oblique guide bracket. The surface and outer wall of the end of the corner bracket are assembled with rollers in an array-like rotation manner. The surface of the corner bracket close to the roller is elastically assembled with a movable block, and the side of the movable block facing away from the roller is set as an arc surface.

[0028] The bottom plate expansion mechanism is used to carry the bottom corner guard plate and expand the bottom corner guard plate obliquely downward. The bottom plate expansion mechanism includes a base frame, a belt base frame and a hydraulic cylinder. One end of each of the two belt base frames is integrally provided with a power shell. The inside of the power shell is provided with a power mechanism three. The output end of the power mechanism three is located inside the belt base frame and is connected to a connecting rod. The end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a double-threaded screw rod. The two ends of the double-threaded screw rod are symmetrically screwed with hooks.

[0029] The side wall of the power shell is integrally provided with a guide block, and the side wall of the guide block is integrally connected with a through rod. The base frame is fixedly provided on one side of the track machine 2. Both ends of the base frame are provided with a limit guide frame 1 and a limit guide frame 2. The limit guide frame 1 is used for the corresponding power shell to pass through and guide its movement, and the limit guide frame 2 is used for the corresponding guide block to pass through and guide its movement. The two hydraulic cylinders 3 are fixedly installed on both sides of the counterweight frame, and the telescopic output ends of the two hydraulic cylinders 3 are commonly connected with a double-slot connecting plate, and both ends of the double-slot connecting plate are provided with transverse slots for the corresponding through rods to pass through.

[0030] The side plate expansion mechanism is used to carry the side guard plates and expand the side guard plates outward. The side plate expansion mechanism includes side penetrating shells fixedly arranged on both sides of the counterweight frame. A motor is installed inside the side penetrating shells near one end of the counterweight frame. Two double-threaded screws are assembled in a vertical array inside the side penetrating shells. Both ends of each of the two double-threaded screws are screwed with a screw sleeve. A sprocket is installed at the end of each double-threaded screw extending to the bottom of the side penetrating shell. The motor is connected to all the sprockets on the same side through a chain drive.

[0031] The middle of the side-penetrating shell is assembled with a rotating rod in a horizontally penetrating rotation manner, and the top and bottom sides of the side-penetrating shell are assembled with clamping rods in a horizontally penetrating lifting manner. The ends of the rotating rods are assembled with splints in an array-type rotation manner. There are multiple groups of splints and two in each group. The clamping rods penetrate all the splints at the same height on the same side, and the side walls at the ends of the splints are all mounted with pointed blocks through coil springs.

[0032] The vertical groove steel pipe located on the inner side of the side guard plate has end notches at both the top and bottom ends of both sides, and a middle notch in the middle of both sides.

[0033] A support method for a tunnel in poor geological conditions, the specific steps are as follows:

[0034] Step 1: The tunnel excavated by the cutterhead mechanism is supported by multiple shield structures;

[0035] Step 2: After a single excavation, a transition space is created between the cutterhead mechanism and the shield structure at the end. The transition cover is driven by the second power mechanism to separate from the cutterhead shell and temporarily support the transition space.

[0036] Step 3: Use the gantry crane to lay the bottom guard plate in the middle of the bottom of the transition space in advance. At the same time, the feeding rack will transport the other components of the folded shield structure to the tunnel excavation end;

[0037] Step 4: The through-feeding rack mechanism moves away from the construction direction to the rear of the feeding rack, and at the same time receives the shield structure components delivered;

[0038] Step 5: The penetrating frame delivery mechanism then moves in the reverse direction, allowing the folded shield structure components to pass through the propulsion mechanism and be transported into the transition space;

[0039] Step 6: The transition cover is driven to merge with the cutterhead shell by the second power mechanism, and the shield structure is simultaneously deployed by the top plate expansion mechanism, the bottom plate expansion mechanism, and the side plate expansion mechanism;

[0040] Step 7: The propulsion mechanism moves into the newly deployed shield structure and carries out the next excavation work.

[0041] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0042] This support method changes the existing technology of using a propulsion mechanism to push multiple support structures deep into the tunnel. As the excavation depth increases, the number of support structures that need to be pushed increases, and the excavation difficulty increases. It provides a new excavation support method, which uses a mobile propulsion mechanism in conjunction with a foldable and transportable shield structure. Ultimately, each propulsion operation of the propulsion mechanism only requires pushing the cutterhead mechanism forward, solving the excavation defect of greater resistance due to an increase in the number of support structures, reducing the propulsion resistance, and is suitable for simple-structured, non-super-large shield machinery.

[0043] The present invention provides a foldable shield structure adapted to the present support method. After being folded, the shield structure can be transported in the tunnel formed by its unfolding, which facilitates its transportation from the initial end to the construction end. The unfolded shield structure can automatically connect with the adjacent shield structure. After the shield structure itself is unfolded, the overall unfolded structure can also be fixed by pop-up internal steel ribs.

[0044] The present invention also provides a feeding rack and a feeding mechanism for specifically transporting the shield support structure. The feeding rack is mainly composed of a rod rack, with a simple structure. In addition, on the premise of transporting the shield support structure to the area to be supported, the feeding mechanism can also assist in the unfolding work of the shield support structure. The unfolding process is carried out synchronously by the upper, middle, and lower parts of the shield support structure, and the unfolding process is fully automatic and fast, and the structures of its internal mechanisms are compact.

[0045] In the cutter head mechanism of the present invention, a temporary support can also be provided through a transition cover in the unprotected transition space generated after a single tunneling, and by controlling its reset when the shield support structure unfolds, the problem of unprotected transition space can be solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 is an integrated structure diagram of the shield tunneling machine provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 is a sectional structure diagram of the shield tunneling machine provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 is a combined structure diagram of the cutter head mechanism and the propulsion mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 is a diagram showing the unfolding and folding structure of the shield support structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 is a bottom view structure diagram of the bottom protection plate provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 is Figure 4 a partial enlarged structure diagram at position A in

[0052] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the through-feed mechanism unloading a set of shield support structures from the feeding rack provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 is Figure 7 a partial enlarged structure diagram at position B in

[0054] Figure 9 is Figure 7 a partial enlarged structure diagram at position C in

[0055] Figure 10 is a plan view schematic diagram of the through-feed mechanism passing through the feeding rack and the shield support structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the through-feed mechanism pushing a set of shield support structures through the hollow steel rectangular frame provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the hanging installation of a set of shield structures and feeding racks provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 13 It is a side view structure diagram of the through-feed rack mechanism provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 14 is Figure 13 The partial enlarged structure diagram at D in;

[0060] Figure 15 It is a disassembled sectional view with a bottom frame provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 16 It is a bottom view structure diagram of the through-feed rack mechanism provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 17 It is a schematic diagram of the structure where the splint hooks the side guard plate provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 18 It is a schematic diagram of the structure where the pointed block hooks the vertical groove steel pipe provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 19 It is a flow chart of the support method of the present invention.

[0065] In the drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0066] 1. Cutter head mechanism; 101. Cutter head housing; 102. Cutter head; 103. Screw feeder; 104. Power mechanism I; 105. Wall gear; 106. Transition cover; 107. Wall tooth plate; 108. Wall groove; 109. Power mechanism II; 2. Shield structure; 201. Top corner guard plate; 202. Top guard plate; 203. Side guard plate; 204. Bottom corner guard plate; 205. Bottom guard plate; 206. Connecting guard plate; 207. Locking groove; 208. Locking angle plate; 209. L-shaped groove steel pipe; 210. Vertical groove steel pipe; 211. Inner steel rib; 212. Strip rail; 213. Hanging rail; 214. Hook hole; 215. Drop hook; 216. Hook groove; 217. End notch; 218. Middle notch; 219. Perforation; 3. Hollow steel rectangular frame; 301. Propulsion hydraulic cylinder; 302. Rail machine I; 303. Bracing block; 304. Gantry rail; 305. Gantry crane; 4. Penetrating feeding frame mechanism; 401. Rail machine II; 402. Counterweight frame; 403. Hydraulic cylinder II; 404. Angle hanging frame; 405. Inclined guide frame; 406. Movable block; 407. Roller; 408. Bottom frame; 409. Bottom frame with belt; 410. Power housing; 411. Power mechanism III; 412. Connecting rod; 413. Hook; 414. Guide block; 415. Penetrating rod; 416. Limit guide frame I; 417. Limit guide frame II; 418. Hydraulic cylinder III; 419. Double groove connecting plate; 420. Side penetration housing; 421. Motor; 422. Double-threaded screw rod II; 423. Screw sleeve; 424. Chain; 425. Swivel rod; 426. Clamping rod; 427. Clamping plate; 428. Pointed block; 5. Feeding supplement frame; 501. Crane; 502. Support rod; 503. Support fork; 504. Stop bar. Detailed implementation mode

[0067] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or several specific implementation manners of the present invention, and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the present invention.

[0068] As Figures 1-18 shown, a shield tunnel boring machine for poor geological tunnels includes:

[0069] Referring to the attached Figures 1-3 , the cutter head mechanism 1, the cutter head mechanism 1 includes a cutter head housing 101, a cutter head 102 assembled at the end of the cutter head housing 101, and a transition cover 106 telescopically assembled at the tail of the cutter head housing 101;

[0070] The back of the cutter head housing 101 is integrally assembled with a screw feeder 103 for guiding out soil and slag, and the end of the screw feeder 103 is simultaneously placed with a soil and slag trolley. A power mechanism I 104 for driving the cutter head 102 to rotate and operate is arranged inside the cutter head mechanism 1;

[0071] On the top of the inner walls on both sides of the transition cover 106, wall toothed plates 107 are horizontally and fixedly arranged. On the top of the inner walls on both sides of the tail of the cutter head housing 101, wall gears 105 are rotationally assembled. The wall gears 105 are meshed with the corresponding wall toothed plates 107. Wall grooves 108 for the wall toothed plates 107 to pass through are formed on the outer walls on both sides of the cutter head housing 101. At the top inside the tail of the cutter head housing 101, a second power mechanism 109 for simultaneously driving the rotation of the two wall gears 105 is provided.

[0072] According to the above structure, after the cutter head mechanism 1 makes a single tunneling, a transition space is generated behind it due to displacement. While the cutter head mechanism 1 moves forward, the two wall gears 105 are driven to rotate by the second power mechanism 109. By means of the meshing of the wall gears 105 and the wall toothed plates 107, the transition cover 106 is separated from the cutter head housing 101 to temporarily support the transition space.

[0073] Refer to the appendix Figures 4-6 , the shield support structure 2 is connected in a segmented splicing manner and is used to support the tunnel. The shield support structure 2 is composed of top corner guard plates 201, top guard plates 202, side guard plates 203, bottom corner guard plates 204 and bottom guard plates 205, and the shield support structure 2 adopts an inward foldable structure;

[0074] The two top corner guard plates 201 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top. The two bottom corner guard plates 204 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom. The top guard plate 202 is placed between the two top corner guard plates 201 and is hinged to the two top corner guard plates 201 through a connecting guard plate 206. The side guard plates 203 are placed between the two top corner guard plates 201 and the bottom corner guard plates 204 and are hinged to both of them through a connecting guard plate 206. The bottom guard plate 205 is placed between the two bottom corner guard plates 204;

[0075] On the inner walls of the top corner guard plates 201 and the bottom corner guard plates 204, L-shaped grooved steel pipes 209 are integrally arranged in an array. On the inner walls of the top guard plate 202, side guard plates 203 and bottom guard plates 205, vertical grooved steel pipes 210 are integrally arranged in an array. Inside the two ends of each L-shaped grooved steel pipe 209, inner steel ribs 211 are assembled in a spring telescopic manner, and the inner steel ribs 211 can be detachably inserted into the inside of one end of the corresponding vertical grooved steel pipe 210 respectively.

[0076] According to the above structure, for the components of the shield support structure 2 in the folded state, as shown in the appendix Figure 4 shown, the bottom guard plate 205 is separated from the overall structure, the top guard plate 202 in other components and the side guard plates 203 on both sides both gather inward in a concave shape, and the top corner guard plates 201 and bottom corner guard plates 204 at the four corners can contract inward. The components of the shield support structure 2 in the folded state are convenient to pass through from the inside of the unfolded shield support structure 2.

[0077] Locking grooves 207 are provided at the edges of the same ends of the top corner guard plate 201 and the bottom corner guard plate 204, and locking corner plates 208 are integrally provided at the edges of the other ends of the top corner guard plate 201 and the bottom corner guard plate 204. The two shield protection structures 2 are connected by inserting the locking corner plates 208 into the corresponding locking grooves 207;

[0078] Hook holes 214 are provided at both ends of the surface of the horizontal plate of the bottom corner guard plate 204, and through holes 219 are penetrated and provided at the ends of the bottom side of the L-shaped groove steel pipe 209 on the inner wall of the bottom corner guard plate 204;

[0079] One end of the bottom guard plate 205 is integrally provided with a dropping hook 215, and a hook groove 216 is provided at the other end of the dropping hook 215. The two bottom guard plates 205 are connected by inserting the dropping hook 215 into the corresponding hook groove 216;

[0080] A hanging rail 213 is integrally provided below the vertical groove steel pipe 210 on the inner wall of the top guard plate 202, and a strip rail 212 is integrally provided on the surface of the vertical groove steel pipe 210 on the inner wall of the bottom guard plate 205.

[0081] According to the above structure, during the unfolding and assembly process of the shield protection structure 2, the bottom guard plate 205 is placed on the bottom surface of the area to be supported in advance, and the adjacent two bottom guard plates 205 are spliced by inserting the dropping hook 215 into the corresponding hook groove 216. Immediately afterwards, when the folding assembly of the shield protection structure 2 unfolds, the two top corner guard plates 201 are symmetrically unfolded obliquely upwards, and the two bottom corner guard plates 204 are symmetrically unfolded obliquely downwards and spliced with the bottom guard plate 205 laid in advance. Then the top guard plate 202 moves upwards, and the two side guard plates 203 move outwards. During the unfolding process, the inner steel ribs 211 in each L-shaped groove steel pipe 209 will pop out under the elastic force of the internal spring and insert into the corresponding vertical groove steel pipe 210, so as to realize the connection and fixation between the top corner guard plate 201 and the top guard plate 202, the connection and fixation between the side guard plate 203 and the top corner guard plate 201 and the bottom corner guard plate 204, and the connection and fixation between the bottom corner guard plate 204 and the bottom guard plate 205. At the same time, the locking grooves 207 at one ends of the top corner guard plate 201 and the bottom corner guard plate 204 will be self-inserted into the locking corner plates 208 at the ends of the other structural guard plates, so as to complete the connection between the two adjacent shield protection structures 2. The shield protection structure 2 is then unfolded, and at the same time, it is self-locked and fixed and put into the support work.

[0082] Refer to the appendix Figure 3 , a propulsion mechanism, which penetrates into the excavation end of the tunnel and is used to push the cutter head mechanism 1 into the tunnel. After the cutter head mechanism 1 tunnels once, a transition space is generated between it and the shield protection structure 2 at the end. A gantry crane 305 for transporting the bottom guard plate 205 and the muck transfer trolley into the transition space is also provided inside the propulsion mechanism;

[0083] The propulsion mechanism includes a hollow steel rectangular frame 3 and propulsion hydraulic cylinders 301 fixedly arranged at the four side corners of the hollow steel rectangular frame 3. The telescopic output end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 301 is connected to the framework at the tail of the cutter head housing 101. A track machine 302 is arranged at the bottom of the hollow steel rectangular frame 3, and the track machine 302 and the strip rails 212 spliced on the surfaces of the bottom guard plates 205 form a sliding assembly. Inside the track machine 302, a support block 303 is telescopically assembled through a telescopic mechanism arranged in an array, and when the support block 303 abuts against the vertical groove steel pipes 210 on the surface of the bottom guard plate 205, it is used to fix the position of the propulsion mechanism.

[0084] At the top of the middle framework of the hollow steel rectangular frame 3, a gantry rail 304 is integrally arranged, and the gantry crane 305 and the gantry rail 304 form a sliding assembly.

[0085] According to the above structure, when the track machine 302 transports the propulsion mechanism to the designated propulsion position along the spliced strip rails 212, the telescopic mechanism inside the track machine 302 lowers the support block 303 and abuts against the vertical groove steel pipes 210 on the surface of the corresponding bottom guard plate 205, and the propulsion mechanism is then fixed. Subsequently, each propulsion hydraulic cylinder 301 extends and operates to push the cutter head mechanism 1 to tunnel into the tunnel, so as to carry out the tunnel excavation work.

[0086] Refer to the appendix Figure 12 , a feeding rack 5, which is used to supplement the shield framework 2 in a folded state to the tunnel excavation end. A crane 501 is fixedly assembled at the top of the middle of the feeding rack 5, and the crane 501 and the hanging rails 213 spliced on the inner walls of the top guard plates 202 form a sliding assembly. Struts 502 are fixedly connected to the middle parts on both sides of the feeding rack 5, support forks 503 are fixedly connected to the bottoms on both sides of the feeding rack 5, and a stop bar 504 is detachably connected to the bottom ends on both sides of the feeding rack 5;

[0087] When the feeding rack 5 transports the shield framework 2 in a folded state, the crane 501 is placed on the surface of the top guard plate 202 and at the docking position of the two top corner guard plates 201, the struts 502 are placed at the tops on the outer sides of the corresponding side guard plates 203, and the support forks 503 are placed at the tops on the inner sides of the corresponding bottom corner guard plates 204.

[0088] According to the above structure, the crane 501 moves along the spliced hanging rail 213, and the crane 501 is simultaneously stuck between the two top corner guard plates 201 to maintain the concave state of the top guard plate 202. The strut 502 is placed at the top outside the corresponding side guard plate 203 to fix the position of the top corner guard plate 201 and simultaneously maintain the concave state of the side guard plate 203. The strut fork 503 forks the connecting guard plate 206 at the top of the bottom corner guard plate 204 to maintain the concave state of the side guard plate 203 and simultaneously assist in restricting the position of the bottom corner guard plate 204. The stop bar 504 passes through the perforation 219 of the L-shaped groove steel pipe 209 on the bottom plate surface of the bottom corner guard plate 204 to temporarily block the internal inner steel rib 211. Finally, the stop bar 504 is connected to the feeding frame 5, and then the shield protection structure 2 in this folded state is transported to a position close to the propulsion mechanism by the crane 501.

[0089] Refer to the appendix Figures 13-18 , passing through the feeding and transporting mechanism 4, is used to transfer the shield protection structure 2 supplemented by the feeding frame 5 to the transition space and assist the shield protection structure 2 to expand and support in the transition space. The feeding and transporting mechanism 4 includes a top plate extension mechanism, a bottom plate extension mechanism, a side plate extension mechanism, and a track machine two 401. The track machine two 401 is slidably assembled with the strip rails 212 spliced on the surfaces of the bottom guard plates 205, and a counterweight frame 402 is integrally arranged on the surface of the track machine two 401;

[0090] The top plate extension mechanism is used to carry the top corner guard plate 201 and expand the top corner guard plate 201 obliquely upward. The top plate extension mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder two 403 and a corner hanging frame 404. Oblique guide frames 405 are integrally arranged at the tops on both sides of the counterweight frame 402. Two hydraulic cylinders two 403 are symmetrically fixedly installed at the tops on both sides of the counterweight frame 402, and the telescopic output end of the hydraulic cylinder two 403 is fixedly connected to the corner hanging frame 404. One end of the corner hanging frame 404 is slidably assembled with the corresponding oblique guide frame 405. Rollers 407 are rotationally assembled in an array on the surface and outer wall at the end of the corner hanging frame 404. A movable stop block 406 is elastically rotationally assembled on the surface of the corner hanging frame 404 close to the roller 407, and the side of the movable stop block 406 facing away from the roller 407 is set as an arc surface;

[0091] The bottom plate extension mechanism is used to carry the bottom corner guard plate 204 and expand the bottom corner guard plate 204 obliquely downward. The bottom plate extension mechanism includes a bottom frame 408, a belt bottom frame 409, and a hydraulic cylinder three 418. Power shells 410 are integrally arranged at one ends of the two belt bottom frames 409. A power mechanism three 411 is arranged inside the power shell 410. The output end of the power mechanism three 411 is connected to a connecting rod 412 inside the belt bottom frame 409. The end of the connecting rod 412 is fixedly connected to a double-threaded screw rod one. Hook 413 is symmetrically screwed at both ends of the double-threaded screw rod one.

[0092] The side wall of the power shell 410 is integrally provided with a guide block 414, and the side wall of the guide block 414 is integrally connected with a through rod 415. The base frame 408 is fixedly provided on one side of the track machine 2 401. Both ends of the base frame 408 are provided with a limit guide frame 1 416 and a limit guide frame 2 417. The limit guide frame 1 416 is used for the corresponding power shell 410 to pass through and guide its movement. The limit guide frame 2 417 is used for the corresponding guide block 414 to pass through and guide its movement. Two hydraulic cylinders 3 418 are fixedly installed on both sides of the counterweight frame 402, and the telescopic output ends of the two hydraulic cylinders 3 418 are commonly connected to a double-slot connecting plate 419, and both ends of the double-slot connecting plate 419 are provided with a transverse slot for the corresponding through rod 415 to pass through.

[0093] The side plate expansion mechanism is used to carry the side guard plate 203 and expand the side guard plate 203 outward. The side plate expansion mechanism includes a side penetrating shell 420 fixedly arranged on both sides of the counterweight frame 402. A motor 421 is installed inside the side penetrating shell 420 near one end of the counterweight frame 402. A double-threaded screw rod 422 is assembled vertically in an array inside the side penetrating shell 420. Both ends of each double-threaded screw rod 422 are screwed with a screw sleeve 423. A sprocket is installed at the end of each double-threaded screw rod 422 extending to the bottom of the side penetrating shell 420. The motor 421 is connected to all the sprockets on the same side through a chain 424.

[0094] A rotating rod 425 is installed in the middle of the side-penetrating shell 420 in a horizontally penetrating rotational assembly. Clamping rods 426 are installed in the top and bottom sides of the side-penetrating shell 420 in a horizontally penetrating lifting assembly. Clamping plates 427 are installed in an array at the end of the rotating rod 425 in an array-like rotational assembly. The clamping plates 427 are provided in multiple groups, with two in each group. The clamping rod 426 penetrates all the clamping plates 427 at the same height on the same side. The side walls at the ends of the clamping plates 427 are all installed with pointed blocks 428 by means of coil springs.

[0095] The vertical groove steel pipe 210 located inside the side guard plate 203 has end notches 217 at both ends of the top and bottom of both sides, and a middle notch 218 in the middle of both sides.

[0096] According to the above structure, as shown in the attached Figure 7 As shown, the penetrating feeding frame mechanism 4 first moves to the rear of the feeding frame 5 in the direction L1 away from the construction direction, and the penetrating feeding frame mechanism 4 will penetrate the feeding frame 5 as a whole, and the corner bracket 404 in the top plate expansion mechanism will contact the L-shaped channel steel pipe 209 in the corresponding top corner guard plate 201, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 8 As shown, the movable block 406 contacts the corresponding L-shaped channel steel pipe 209 in sequence and finally contacts the L-shaped channel steel pipe 209 at the rear end; at the same time, as shown in the attached Figure 9 and Figure 14As shown, the underframe 409 in the bottom plate extension mechanism simultaneously clamps the corresponding bottom corner guard plate 204. The hydraulic cylinder three 418 first causes the underframe 409 to move straight down a short distance, enabling the hook 413 to enter the corresponding hook hole 214. Then, the power mechanism three 411 operates and causes the hooks 413 on both sides of the same side to move towards each other to achieve the effect of hooking the hook hole 214. At the same time, the end of the side plate extension mechanism is placed inside the two side guard plates 203. The motor 421 then works and drives all the double-threaded screws two 422 to rotate through the chain 424. The screw sleeves 423 located on the upper and lower sides approach each other, thereby driving the upper and lower clamping rods 426 to move straight towards each other. The two clamping plates 427 in each group will rotate towards each other. The pointed blocks 428 at the ends of the clamping plates 427 will enter the vertical grooves on the outer wall of the corresponding vertical groove steel pipe 210 through the end notches 217, and with the help of the lateral fixing force given by the pointed blocks 428 to the side guard plate 203. Finally, the through-feed frame mechanism 4 separates the shield protection structure 2 folding components from the feeding frame 5 in the construction direction of L2. The retaining strip 504 disengages from the corresponding L-shaped groove steel pipe 209 by itself. The inner steel rib 211 inside the bottommost L-shaped groove steel pipe 209 is temporarily blocked by the underframe 409. The through-feed frame mechanism 4 can completely receive the shield protection structure 2 from the feeding frame 5 and maintain the folded state of the components of the shield protection structure 2.

[0097] As shown in the appendix Figure 11 As shown, the through-feed frame mechanism 4 carries the shield protection structure 2 components and passes through the propulsion mechanism along the direction of L3 and transports them to the transition space. Since the bottom guard plate 205 inside the shield protection structure 2 is laid in advance at the bottom of the transition space, it can be unfolded in the transition space immediately. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder two 403 operates and pushes the angle hanging bracket 404 to operate obliquely upward along the inclined guide 405. The two top corner guard plates 201 at the ends of the two angle hanging brackets 404 are unfolded obliquely upward. At the same time, the motor 421 continues to operate and drives the two clamping rods 426 to continue moving towards each other. As shown in the appendix Figure 17 As shown, the adjacent two clamping plates 427 continue to rotate towards each other and then push the side guard plate 203 outward. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder three 418 continues to extend and retract to move the double-groove connecting plate 419 downward. At this time, due to the restriction of the limit guide one 416 and the limit guide two 417, the two underframes 409 will be driven to move obliquely downward. The two bottom corner guard plates 204 are immediately unfolded towards each other and are simultaneously spliced on both sides of the bottom guard plate 205. Finally, the shield protection structure 2 is unfolded and is simultaneously fixed with the help of the automatically ejected inner steel rib 211.

[0098] The working principle of the present invention is: specifically refer to the support method below.

[0099] As Figure 19 shown, a support method for a tunnel in poor geological conditions is as follows:

[0100] Step 1: The tunnel excavated by the cutter head mechanism 1 is supported by multiple shield protection structures 2.

[0101] Step 2: After the cutter head mechanism 1 tunnels once, a transition space is generated between it and the shield structure 2 at the end. The power mechanism II 109 drives the transition cover 106 to separate from the cutter head shell 101 and temporarily support the transition space.

[0102] Step 3: The gantry crane 305 is used to lay the bottom protection plate 205 in the middle of the bottom of the transition space in advance. At the same time, the feeding rack 5 conveys the other components of the shield structure 2 in the folded state to the tunnel excavation end.

[0103] Step 4: The penetration feeding mechanism 4 moves away from the construction direction to the rear of the feeding rack 5 and simultaneously receives the conveyed components of the shield structure 2.

[0104] Step 5: The penetration feeding mechanism 4 then moves in the reverse direction, enabling the components of the shield structure 2 in the folded state to pass through the propulsion mechanism and be transported into the transition space.

[0105] Step 6: The power mechanism II 109 drives the transition cover 106 to merge with the cutter head shell 101. At the same time, the shield structure 2 is unfolded through the top plate extension mechanism, bottom plate extension mechanism, and side plate extension mechanism.

[0106] Step 7: The propulsion mechanism moves into the newly unfolded shield structure 2 and performs the next tunneling operation.

[0107] According to the above support method, it changes the way in the prior art of using the propulsion mechanism to push multiple sections of the support structure deep into the tunnel. And as the tunneling depth increases, the number of support structures that need to be pushed is more. It provides a new tunneling support method, ensuring that for each propulsion operation of the propulsion mechanism, only the cutter head mechanism 1 needs to be pushed forward, solving the tunneling defect that the resistance increases due to the increase in the number of support structures. It is applicable to shield machines with simple structures and non-super-large sizes.

[0108] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and retouches can be made, and these improvements and retouches should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. The structures, devices, and operation methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention, without special instructions and limitations, are implemented according to the conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels, characterized in that, Comprising: A cutter head mechanism (1); A shield structure (2), which is connected in a segmented splicing manner and is used for supporting the tunnel. The shield structure (2) is composed of a top corner guard plate (201), a top guard plate (202), side guard plates (203), bottom corner guard plates (204) and a bottom guard plate (205), and the shield structure (2) adopts a foldable-inward structure; On the inner walls of the top corner guard plate (201) and the bottom corner guard plate (204), L-shaped groove steel pipes (209) are integrally arranged in an array. On the inner walls of the top guard plate (202), side guard plates (203) and the bottom guard plate (205), vertical groove steel pipes (210) are integrally arranged in an array. Inside the two ends of each L-shaped groove steel pipe (209), inner steel ribs (211) are assembled in a spring telescopic manner, and the inner steel ribs (211) are respectively detachably inserted into the inside of one end of the corresponding vertical groove steel pipe (210). The top guard plate (202) is placed between two top corner guard plates (201) and is hinged to the two top corner guard plates (201) through a connecting guard plate (206). The side guard plates (203) are placed between the two top corner guard plates (201) and the bottom corner guard plates (204) and are hinged to both of them through a connecting guard plate (206); A propulsion mechanism, which penetrates into the tunnel excavation end and is used to push the cutter head mechanism (1) into the tunnel. After the cutter head mechanism (1) tunnels once, a transition space is generated between it and the shield structure (2) at the end. Inside the propulsion mechanism, a gantry crane (305) for transporting the bottom guard plate (205) and a muck transfer trolley into the transition space is also provided; A feeding rack (5), which is used to supplement the shield structure (2) in a folded state to the tunnel excavation end; A through-feed and support mechanism (4), which is used to transfer the shield structure (2) supplemented by the feeding rack (5) to the transition space and assist the shield structure (2) to expand and support in the transition space.

2. The shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels according to claim 1, wherein: The cutter head mechanism (1) includes a cutter head shell (101), a cutter head (102) assembled at the end of the cutter head shell (101), and a transition cover (106) telescopically assembled at the tail of the cutter head shell (101). On the top of the inner walls on both sides of the tail of the cutter head shell (101), wall gears (105) are rotatably assembled. At the top of the inner side of the tail of the cutter head shell (101), a power mechanism two (109) for simultaneously driving the rotation of the two wall gears (105) is provided.

3. The shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels according to claim 2, wherein: Locking grooves (207) are opened at the edges of the same ends of the top corner guard plate (201) and the bottom corner guard plate (204). Locking angle plates (208) are integrally arranged at the edges of the other ends of the top corner guard plate (201) and the bottom corner guard plate (204). The two shield structures (2) are connected by inserting the locking angle plates (208) into the corresponding locking grooves (207); One end of the bottom guard plate (205) is integrally provided with a falling hook (215), and a hook groove (216) is opened at the other end of the falling hook (215). The two bottom guard plates (205) are connected by inserting the falling hook (215) into the corresponding hook groove (216).

4. The shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The propulsion mechanism includes a hollow steel rectangular frame (3) and propulsion hydraulic cylinders (301) fixedly arranged at the four side corners of the hollow steel rectangular frame (3); At the top of the middle structure of the hollow steel rectangular frame (3), a gantry rail (304) is integrally arranged, and a gantry crane (305) is slidably assembled with the gantry rail (304).

5. The shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels according to claim 4, wherein: At the top of the middle of the feeding frame (5), a crane (501) is fixedly assembled.

6. The shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The penetration feeding frame mechanism (4) includes a top plate expansion mechanism, a bottom plate expansion mechanism, a side plate expansion mechanism, and a second track machine (401), and a counterweight frame (402) is integrally arranged on the surface of the second track machine (401).

7. An imperfect geological tunnel shield-type shield machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top plate expansion mechanism is used to carry the top corner guard plate (201) and expand the top corner guard plate (201) obliquely upward.

8. The shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom plate expansion mechanism is used to carry the bottom corner guard plate (204) and expand the bottom corner guard plate (204) obliquely downward.

9. The shield tunneling machine for poor geological tunnels according to claim 8, wherein: The side plate expansion mechanism is used to carry the side guard plate (203) and expand the side guard plate (203) outward.

10. A support method for a tunnel in poor geological conditions, using the shield tunneling machine for tunnels in poor geological conditions as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: The tunnel excavated by the cutter head mechanism (1) is supported by a plurality of shield structures (2). Step 2: After the cutter head mechanism (1) makes a single excavation, a transition space is generated between the cutter head mechanism (1) and the shield structure (2) at the end. The transition cover (106) is driven by the second power mechanism (109) to separate from the cutter head shell (101) and temporarily support the transition space. Step 3: The bottom guard plate (205) is laid in advance in the middle of the bottom of the transition space by the gantry crane (305). At the same time, the feeding frame (5) transports other components of the shield structure (2) in the folded state to the tunnel excavation end. Step 4: The penetration feeding frame mechanism (4) moves away from the construction direction to the rear of the feeding frame (5) and simultaneously receives the transported components of the shield structure (2). Step 5: The penetration feeding frame mechanism (4) then moves in the reverse direction, enabling the components of the shield structure (2) in the folded state to pass through the propulsion mechanism and be transported into the transition space. Step 6: The transition cover (106) is driven by the second power mechanism (109) to merge with the cutter head shell (101). At the same time, the shield structure (2) is unfolded through the top plate expansion mechanism, the bottom plate expansion mechanism, and the side plate expansion mechanism. Step 7: The propulsion mechanism moves into the newly unfolded shield structure (2) and performs the next excavation work.

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