A multi-source disaster monitoring system and method for machine lanes based on fiber grating array

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-source disaster monitoring system and method for machine tunnels based on fiber grating arrays, and belongs to the field of mine safety monitoring and control technology. The system includes components such as a suspension chain, a pure water hydraulic cylinder, a hanging structure, a track, a fiber grating array, a stress sensing head, a temperature sensing head, a control module, an electromagnetic valve, and a nozzle. The abnormal point is located in real time through the change of the fiber grating wavelength, and the hydraulic cylinder and the nozzle are automatically triggered to perform pressure relief or fire extinguishing operations. The monitoring method includes collecting the temperature and fiber grating wavelength changes at the stress sensing head, combining temperature compensation to invert pressure and force, and realizing accurate identification and targeted disposal of disasters. The present invention can realize the automated monitoring and control of hidden disasters, and improve the safety and efficiency of mine production systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine safety monitoring and control, and in particular to a machine tunnel multi-source disaster monitoring system and method based on a fiber grating array. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mining operation environment in mines is complex. Monorail cranes, belt conveyors and other equipment are generally arranged in the machine tunnels of coal mines. Under the action of alternating loads during the operation of the monorail crane, the tunnel roof is prone to bending, sinking, roof collapse and other accidents; belt conveyors are prone to abnormal friction and wear during long-term service, which can easily induce fires and pose potential safety hazards. Patent CN202410569141.9 provides a real-time monitoring device and method for the movement trajectory of the rock layer on the top of the mine roof, which is used to monitor the displacement of the tunnel roof. Patent CN201610919658.1 designs a multi-parameter mine tunnel fire monitoring and alarm system for early warning of tunnel fires. However, due to the long length of the tunnel and the relatively hidden location of the disaster, it is difficult to detect with general maintenance means.

[0003] Coal mine machine tunnels are important operating spaces in the mine production system. If disasters are not detected and controlled in a timely manner, it will affect the equipment's operating efficiency and production safety. Through advanced sensing methods, potential hidden dangers in the production process can be predicted and early warning and control can be implemented to achieve "intelligent", "unmanned" and "intrinsically safe" production systems, which is of great significance to the safe and efficient production of coal mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a multi-source disaster monitoring system and method for machine lanes based on fiber grating arrays. The fiber grating arrays are continuously arranged along the track to form a distributed monitoring network. The abnormal points are located in real time through the changes in the grating wavelength, and the hydraulic cylinders and sprinklers at the corresponding positions are automatically triggered to perform pressure relief or fire extinguishing operations, thereby realizing the accurate identification and targeted treatment of hidden disasters without human intervention.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-source disaster monitoring system for machine lanes based on a fiber grating array, comprising:

[0006] Suspension chain, pure water hydraulic cylinder, first hanging structure, second hanging structure, track, fiber grating array, stress sensing head, temperature sensing head, control module, electromagnetic valve and nozzle;

[0007] The upper portion of the first hanging structure is connected to the suspension chain, and the lower portion is connected to the upper earring of the pure water hydraulic cylinder;

[0008] The cylinder body of the pure water hydraulic cylinder is provided with four ports, wherein the first port is installed with the electromagnetic valve, the second port is installed with the first stress sensing head, the third port is installed with the second stress sensing head, and the fourth port is installed with another electromagnetic valve;

[0009] The lower end earring of the pure water hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second hanging structure, the temperature sensing head is installed on the side of the second hanging structure, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the track;

[0010] The fiber grating array is arranged parallel to the track, and the grating etching parts thereof are respectively bonded to the metal films of the first stress sensing head, the second stress sensing head and the temperature sensing head;

[0011] The first port and the fourth port of the adjacent pure water hydraulic cylinder are connected to the control module through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve and the nozzle are electrically connected to the control module through a wire.

[0012] Beneficial effects: A suspension chain-hydraulic cylinder-track mechanical transmission chain is constructed, and a fiber grating array is integrated to realize stress-temperature dual-modal perception. Through the coupling design of mechanical structure and grating perception, the roof stress distribution and tunnel temperature field data are obtained simultaneously, breaking through the limitations of single parameter monitoring and improving the multi-source disaster correlation analysis capabilities.

[0013] Furthermore, the pipeline includes two parallel water pipes, each of which is connected to at least one of the control modules. Two parallel pipelines are set to connect the control modules. The dual-pipeline redundant design ensures independent transportation of the hydraulic circuit and the fire extinguishing medium, avoids system failure caused by single point failure, and improves the reliability of disaster disposal.

[0014] Furthermore, the control module includes a wireless communication module for receiving over-temperature danger signals or load danger signals sent by the host computer. The control module integrates a wireless communication module to realize remote real-time transmission of monitoring data and cloud-based distribution of control instructions, reducing the complexity of underground wiring and supporting unmanned inspections of mines.

[0015] Furthermore, the electromagnetic valves at the first port and the fourth port of the pure water hydraulic cylinder are two-way flow control valves, which respond to the instructions of the control module to adjust the liquid inlet volume of the upper chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder and the liquid return volume of the lower chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder. The electromagnetic valves are set as two-way flow control valves to accurately regulate the liquid flow in the upper and lower chambers of the hydraulic cylinder to achieve telescopic adjustment and avoid secondary disasters caused by sudden changes in track load.

[0016] Furthermore, the control module is powered by a turbine water flow power generation structure arranged in the pipeline. The control module adopts turbine water flow power generation and utilizes the kinetic energy of the fluid in the pipeline to generate electricity independently, eliminating dependence on external power supply and improving the system's ability to continue operating in power outages or harsh environments.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for monitoring multi-source disasters in a tunnel based on the system according to any one of the first aspects, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. The wavelength change of the fiber Bragg grating in the fiber Bragg grating array at the temperature sensing head is collected by a demodulator, and the temperature value T of each pure water hydraulic cylinder is obtained by inversion. N When T N Exceeds the preset temperature threshold T O When the control module starts the sprinklers in the corresponding area to spray water;

[0019] S2, using a demodulator to collect the wavelength changes of the fiber Bragg grating arrays at the first and second stress sensing heads, and combining temperature compensation to invert and obtain the upper chamber pressure P of the pure water hydraulic cylinder. 1N And the pressure of the lower chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder P 2N ; N represents the number of the pure water hydraulic cylinder. 1N and P 2N Calculated hydraulic cylinder rod force F N Exceeding the preset mechanical threshold F O When the electromagnetic valve of the lower chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder is closed, the control module opens the electromagnetic valve of the upper chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder to shrink the hydraulic cylinder rod of the pure water hydraulic cylinder.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Based on the dual thresholds of temperature and stress to trigger sprinkler and hydraulic adjustment, a dynamic correlation control logic of temperature and stress is established to achieve coordinated operation of fire suppression and roof unloading, shortening the emergency response time.

[0021] Furthermore, the temperature compensation in step S2 is specifically as follows: based on the real-time temperature data of the temperature sensing head, the thermal expansion coefficient is corrected for the grating wavelength change of the stress sensing head, and the temperature compensation algorithm corrects the stress measurement value to eliminate the interference of temperature drift on the stress signal, reduce the pressure measurement error, and improve the data credibility.

[0022] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder rod retraction operation includes: when the hydraulic cylinder rod exceeds the preset mechanical threshold F O When under stress, the liquid inlet rate of the upper chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder is controlled to make the stress distribution of the track uniform, and the adjacent nozzles are coordinated to increase the water spray volume. By linking multiple nozzles to cover a larger fire extinguishing area, the fire source suppression area is greatly improved, avoiding the risk of re-ignition caused by insufficient local spraying.

[0023] Furthermore, when the sprinkler is started, the control module continuously monitors the temperature change rate. If the temperature drop rate is lower than the preset value, the coordinated water spray volume of multiple adjacent sprinkler heads is increased, preferably the coordinated water spray volume of three adjacent sprinkler heads is increased. The temperature change rate is continuously monitored to optimize the spraying strategy and dynamically adjust the water spray volume and spraying range, significantly reducing the consumption of fire extinguishing medium and avoiding equipment short circuit problems caused by excessive spraying.

[0024] In summary, compared with the existing technology, the present invention proposes a distributed sensing architecture based on fiber grating arrays, which is specifically embodied in the following aspects: stress sensing heads and temperature sensing heads are arranged along the track to form monitoring nodes, and each monitoring node is connected in series through a fiber grating array to form a continuous sensing chain. The grating wavelength change data is analyzed in real time by a demodulator to accurately lock the abnormal signal; at the same time, the pure water hydraulic cylinder integrates the pressure signal and the fire extinguishing medium delivery function into a single structure through a four-port design. When a node detects that the stress or temperature exceeds the limit, the control module can independently drive the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the node to perform local pressure relief or spraying. Automatic identification and targeted disposal of hidden disaster points can be achieved without relying on manual investigation, solving the technical bottleneck of blind spot coverage and rapid positioning of long tunnel monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-source disaster monitoring system for machine lanes based on a fiber grating array according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the four ports of the pure water hydraulic cylinder of the present invention and their connecting components;

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Suspension chain; 2. First fiber grating array; 3. Second fiber grating array; 4. Third fiber grating array; 5. Pure water hydraulic cylinder; 6. First stress sensing head; 7. Second stress sensing head; 8. Temperature sensing head; 9. First hanging structure; 10. Second hanging structure; 11. Control module; 12. Solenoid valve; 13. Nozzle; 14. Pipeline; 15. Wire; 16. Track. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "axial", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0030] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-source disaster monitoring system for a machine lane based on a fiber grating array, comprising:

[0032] Suspension chain 1, pure water hydraulic cylinder 5, first hanging structure 9, second hanging structure 10, track 16, fiber grating array, stress sensing heads 6, 7, temperature sensing head 8, control module 11, electromagnetic valve 12 and nozzle 13; wherein the track 16 is preferably a monorail hanging track;

[0033] The upper part of the first hanging structure 9 is connected to the suspension chain 1, and the lower part is connected to the upper end earring of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5;

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the cylinder body of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 is provided with four ports, wherein the first port is installed with an electromagnetic valve, the second port is installed with a first stress sensing head 6, the third port is installed with a second stress sensing head 7, and the fourth port is installed with another electromagnetic valve;

[0035] The lower end earring of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 is connected to the second hanging structure 10. The temperature sensing head 8 is installed on the side of the second hanging structure 10, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the track 16;

[0036] The fiber grating array is arranged parallel to the track 16, and the grating etching portion thereof is bonded to the metal films of the first stress sensing head 6, the second stress sensing head 7 and the temperature sensing head 8 respectively;

[0037] The first port and the fourth port of the adjacent pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 are connected to the control module 11 through a pipe 14 , and the electromagnetic valve and the nozzle 13 are electrically connected to the control module 11 through a wire 15 .

[0038] This invention monitors the status of the tunnel roof and tunnel temperature by adding devices such as a pure water hydraulic cylinder and a fiber grating array between the roof catenary link and the track. Control modules, solenoid valves, nozzles, and pipelines are used to adjust the track status and extinguish tunnel fires. This invention is suitable for early warning and emergency response to tunnel disasters and can also be used to monitor and control the operating status of monorail cranes, enabling safe and efficient production in intelligent mines.

[0039] Preferably, the pipeline 14 includes two water pipes arranged in parallel, and each water pipe is connected to at least one control module 11 .

[0040] Furthermore, the control module 11 includes a wireless communication module for receiving an over-temperature danger signal or a load danger signal sent by a host computer.

[0041] Furthermore, the electromagnetic valves at the first port and the fourth port of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 are bidirectional flow control valves, which respond to the instructions of the control module 11 to adjust the liquid inflow into the upper chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder and the liquid return into the lower chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder.

[0042] Furthermore, the control module 11 is powered by a turbine water flow power generation structure disposed in the pipeline 14 .

[0043] As an embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for monitoring multi-source disasters in a tunnel based on any of the above systems, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1. The wavelength change of the fiber Bragg grating in the fiber Bragg grating array at the temperature sensing head 8 is collected by a demodulator, and the temperature value T at the location of each pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 is obtained by inversion. N When T N Exceeds the preset temperature threshold T O When , the control module 11 starts the sprinkler 13 in the corresponding area to spray water;

[0045] S2, using a demodulator to collect the wavelength changes of the fiber Bragg grating arrays at the first stress sensing head 6 and the second stress sensing head 7, and then inverting the upper chamber pressure P of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 after temperature compensation. 1N and the lower chamber pressure P 2N ; N represents the number of the pure water hydraulic cylinder. 1N and P 2NCalculated hydraulic cylinder rod force F N Exceeding the preset mechanical threshold F O When the electromagnetic valve of the lower chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 is closed, the control module 11 opens the electromagnetic valve of the upper chamber, so that the hydraulic cylinder rod of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 contracts.

[0046] Furthermore, the temperature compensation in step S2 specifically includes: performing thermal expansion coefficient correction on the grating wavelength variation of the first stress sensing head 6 and the second stress sensing head 7 based on the real-time temperature data of the temperature sensing head 8 .

[0047] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder rod retraction operation includes: when the hydraulic cylinder rod exceeds the preset mechanical threshold F O When subjected to stress, the liquid inflow rate of the upper chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 is controlled to make the stress distribution of the track 16 uniform.

[0048] Furthermore, after the nozzles 13 are started, the control module 11 continuously monitors the temperature change rate. If the temperature drop rate is lower than a preset value, the coordinated water spraying amount of the adjacent nozzles 13 is increased.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a multi-source disaster monitoring system for a machine tunnel based on a fiber grating array (FBG), comprising: a suspension chain 1, a first fiber grating array 2, a second fiber grating array 3, a third fiber grating array 4, a pure water hydraulic cylinder 5, a first stress sensor 6, a second stress sensor 7, a temperature sensor 8, a first hanging structure 9, a second hanging structure 10, a control module 11, an electromagnetic valve 12, a nozzle 13, a pipe 14, a wire 15, and a track 16. The first hanging structure 9 has two through-holes at its top, which are connected to the ends of two top plate suspension chains via bolts and nuts. Its bottom is also connected to the upper earring of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 via bolts and nuts. The pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 has four symmetrically distributed ports. The first port is threadedly mounted with an electromagnetic valve 12; the second port is threadedly mounted with the first stress sensor 6; the third port is mounted with the second stress sensor 7; and the fourth port is mounted with an electromagnetic valve 12. The lower earrings of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 are bolted to the upper end of the second suspension structure 10. A temperature sensor 7 is threadedly mounted on the side of the second suspension structure 10. The lower end of the second suspension structure 10 is welded to the rail 16. The solenoid valves 12 at the corresponding ports of adjacent pure water hydraulic cylinders 5 are connected to the control module 11 via pipes 14.

[0051] Specifically, the first fiber grating array 2 is arranged parallel to the track 16, and the grating etching part is bonded to the metal film of the stress sensing head 3; the second fiber grating array 3 is arranged parallel to the track 16, and the grating etching part is bonded to the metal film of the stress sensing head 3; the third fiber grating array 4 is arranged parallel to the track 16, and the grating etching part is bonded to the metal film of the temperature sensing head 3.

[0052] Furthermore, one track 16 is provided with two parallel pipes 14 , each pipe being connected to N control modules 10 , where N is a natural number.

[0053] Furthermore, the electromagnetic valve 12 and the nozzle 13 are both connected to the control module 10 through a wire 15, and their control electrical signals come from the control module 11. The control module 11 is powered by a turbine water flow power generation structure, and a wireless communication module is provided inside it, which can communicate with a wireless signal transmitter.

[0054] Furthermore, the end of the fiber grating array is connected to a demodulator.

[0055] Furthermore, the fiber Bragg gratings in the fiber Bragg grating array are densely packed.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for monitoring multi-source disasters in a machine lane based on a fiber grating array. The specific steps of chain correlation determination and analysis are as follows:

[0058] S1, the demodulator and the host computer collect and analyze the wavelength changes of the fiber Bragg grating at each temperature sensing head 7 in turn, and invert the temperature value T of each pure water hydraulic cylinder based on the temperature characteristics of the fiber Bragg grating. N , where N represents the number of the pure water hydraulic cylinder, and the alarm threshold of the over-temperature danger value is set. When the inversion temperature value is less than the preset temperature reference threshold T O When the inversion temperature value is greater than the preset temperature reference threshold, an over-temperature danger signal is generated, and the upper computer controls the wireless signal transmitter to send a signal to the control module 11, and the control module 11 controls the two adjacent nozzles 13 of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5 to start spraying water, and at the same time issues a fire danger alarm.

[0059] S2, the demodulator and the host computer collect and analyze the wavelength changes of the fiber grating at the first stress sensing head 6 and the second stress sensing head 7 in turn. After temperature compensation is performed based on the data of the temperature sensing head 7, the pressure P of the upper and lower chambers of each pure water hydraulic cylinder is inverted based on the strain characteristics of the grating. 1N and P 2N , where N represents the number of the pure water hydraulic cylinder. When the monorail crane is working, the force F of each hydraulic cylinder rod is analyzed according to the mechanical balance relationship of the hydraulic cylinder rod. N , set the alarm threshold of the bearing capacity danger value, when the inversion force value is less than the preset mechanical reference threshold F OWhen the inverse force value is greater than the preset mechanical reference threshold, a load danger signal is generated, the monorail crane stops, and the upper computer controls the wireless signal transmitter to send a signal to the control module 11. The control module 11 controls the opening and closing of the upper and lower chamber electromagnetic valves 12 of the pure water hydraulic cylinder 5, so that liquid enters the upper chamber and returns to the lower chamber, the hydraulic cylinder rod contracts, and the stress distribution of the track 16 is balanced. At the same time, a top plate danger alarm is issued.

[0060] The monorail crane runs on an I-beam track. The monorail crane has a large deadweight. The track portion where the monorail crane is currently located will be strained due to the gravity of the monorail crane, which is reflected in the water pressure of the pure water hydraulic cylinder. Within the normal deformation range of operation, the water pressure changes slightly, and the fiber optic signal will not exceed the dangerous threshold. When an abnormality occurs, the water pressure in the pure water hydraulic cylinder changes abnormally, and the film deforms. The fiber optic Bragg grating on one side of the film will produce different optical feedback signals depending on the degree of deformation of the film. These signals are transmitted to the demodulator through the optical fiber cable. The demodulator modulates and demodulates the optical feedback signal and processes it into the pressure value of the corresponding point. The various pressure value data are transmitted to the detection platform for visualization.

[0061] In case of fire, the liquid in the pipe will be sprayed out through the nozzle to the surrounding area, spraying around the monitoring body, cooling the monitoring body while preventing the fire source from burning the monitoring body, causing damage to the device and causing losses, and at the same time transmitting signals to the monitoring platform to give warnings and reminders.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0063] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-source disaster monitoring system for machine lanes based on fiber grating arrays, characterized in that: include: Suspension chain (1), pure water hydraulic cylinder (5), first suspension structure (9), second suspension structure (10), track (16), fiber grating array, stress sensing head (6, 7), temperature sensing head (8), electromagnetic valve, control module (11) and nozzle (13); The upper portion of the first hanging structure (9) is connected to the suspension chain (1), and the lower portion is connected to the upper end earring of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5); The cylinder body of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) is provided with four ports, wherein the first port and the fourth port are provided with the electromagnetic valve, which is a two-way flow control valve and adjusts the return flow of the lower chamber of the hydraulic cylinder and the inflow flow of the upper chamber of the hydraulic cylinder in response to the instruction of the control module (11); the second port is provided with a first stress sensing head (6), and the third port is provided with a second stress sensing head (7); The lower end earring of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) is connected to the second hanging structure (10), the temperature sensing head (8) is installed on the side of the second hanging structure (10), and the lower end is fixedly connected to the track (16); The fiber grating array is arranged in parallel with the track (16), and the grating etching portion thereof is bonded to the metal films of the first stress sensing head (6), the second stress sensing head (7) and the temperature sensing head (8) respectively; The first port and the fourth port of the adjacent pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) are connected to the control module (11) through a pipeline (14), and the pipeline (14) includes two parallel water pipes, each of which is connected to at least one of the control modules (11); the electromagnetic valve and the nozzle (13) are electrically connected to the control module (11) through a wire (15).

2. The multi-source disaster monitoring system for machine lanes based on fiber grating arrays according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control module (11) includes a wireless communication module for receiving an over-temperature danger signal or a load danger signal sent by a host computer.

3. The multi-source disaster monitoring system for machine lanes based on fiber grating arrays according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control module (11) is powered by a turbine water flow power generation structure arranged in a pipeline (14).

4. A method for monitoring multi-source disasters in a tunnel based on the system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Using a demodulator to collect the wavelength change of the fiber Bragg grating at the temperature sensing head (8), invert the temperature value T at the location of each pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) N When T N When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold value T0, the control module (11) starts the nozzle (13) in the corresponding area to spray water; S2. Using a demodulator to collect the wavelength changes of the fiber grating arrays at the first stress sensing head (6) and the second stress sensing head (7), and combining the temperature compensation with inversion to obtain the upper chamber pressure of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) and lower chamber pressure ; N represents the number of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5), when according to and The calculated force F on the hydraulic cylinder rod of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) is: N When the preset mechanical threshold F0 is exceeded, the control module (11) closes the electromagnetic valve of the lower chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) and opens the electromagnetic valve of the upper chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5), causing the hydraulic cylinder rod of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) to contract.

5. The method for monitoring multi-source disasters in a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature compensation in step S2 specifically comprises: based on the real-time temperature data of the temperature sensing head (8), performing thermal expansion coefficient correction on the grating wavelength change of the first stress sensing head (6) and the second stress sensing head (7).

6. The method for monitoring multi-source disasters in a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder rod contraction operation includes: when the hydraulic cylinder rod is subjected to a force exceeding the preset mechanical threshold F0, controlling the liquid inflow rate of the upper chamber of the pure water hydraulic cylinder (5) to make the stress distribution of the track (16) uniform.

7. The method for monitoring multi-source disasters in a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the nozzles (13) are started, the control module (11) continuously monitors the temperature change rate, and if the temperature drop rate is lower than a preset value, increases the coordinated water spraying amount of the adjacent plurality of nozzles (13).

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