Tunnel inverted arch displacement measuring device and method based on displacement-tilt angle sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel inverted arch displacement measuring device and method based on a displacement-tilt angle sensor, the tunnel inverted arch displacement measuring device based on the displacement-tilt angle sensor comprises a horizontal anchoring pile, a vertical scale and a displacement testing rod, one end of the horizontal anchoring pile is fixed in bed rock, the vertical scale is fixedly connected with the horizontal anchoring pile, and the displacement testing rod is connected with the vertical scale. One end of the displacement test rod is rotatably connected with the horizontal anchoring pile, the other end of the displacement test rod is fixed at an inverted arch displacement measuring point, a sliding shaft is arranged on the vertical scale, a pointer is fixed on the sliding shaft, the displacement test rod can drive the sliding shaft to vertically slide along with the vertical displacement of the inverted arch displacement measuring point, and a tilt angle sensor is arranged in the middle of the displacement test rod. And a laser displacement sensor is arranged at the top rotating shaft of the sliding shaft. The method has the beneficial effects that the displacement of the surrounding rock at any point of the tunnel inverted arch is measured by combining with the similar triangle theorem, and the measurement process is not influenced by the light in the tunnel and the sight blocked by the surrounding rock, so that the measurement operation is simpler and more convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser measuring instruments for tunnel construction, and particularly to a tunnel invert displacement measuring device and measuring method based on displacement-inclination sensors. Background Art

[0002] In order to ensure construction safety during tunnel construction, it is necessary to keep track of the deformation of the surrounding rock mass around the tunnel at all times. Therefore, it is usually necessary to measure the settlement of the tunnel crown or the convergence displacement of the side walls. At present, the monitoring of the displacement of the surrounding rock mass in the tunnel arch and side walls is mainly carried out, and the methods used include contact measurement and non-contact measurement.

[0003] Whether using contact or non-contact measurement methods, it is required that there is a clear line of sight between the measured point and the total station. However, during tunnel construction, the tunnel invert may undergo heave deformation, which is often in the initial stage of development during the construction phase and cannot be identified by the naked eye. On the other hand, in order to ensure construction safety and facilitate transportation between the tunnel face and the rear, during the excavation of the tunnel invert, a temporary bridge is installed in the excavation area of the invert for vehicles and workers to walk on. During tunnel construction, construction vehicles shuttle back and forth on the bridge, resulting in the inability to measure the displacement of the tunnel invert. Moreover, the tunnel invert is dimly lit, with a height difference of about 2m from the adjacent invert filling surface, and it does not meet the conditions for non-contact measurement using reflective film. Most importantly, the surrounding rock mass in the excavation area of the invert and the direction of the tunnel face during excavation blocks the line of sight, making it difficult to monitor the displacement of the tunnel invert. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a tunnel invert displacement measuring device and measuring method based on displacement-inclination sensors. By combining with the similar triangle theorem, the displacement measurement of any point on the tunnel invert can be realized, and the measurement process is not affected by the light of the invert and the blocking of the line of sight by the surrounding rock mass. It can adapt to the working environment with poor visibility in the tunnel, making the measurement operation simpler and more convenient.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-inclination sensor, which is arranged in the invert excavation area where a temporary bridge is installed, includes a horizontal anchor pile, a vertical scale, and a displacement test rod. One end of the horizontal anchor pile is fixed in the bedrock, the vertical scale is arranged between the invert displacement measuring point and the horizontal anchor pile and is fixedly connected to the horizontal anchor pile; one end of the displacement test rod is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile, and the other end of the displacement test rod is fixedly connected to the invert displacement measuring point through a rod telescoping mechanism; a vertically slidable sliding shaft is arranged on the vertical scale, a pointer is fixed on the sliding shaft, and the pointer corresponds to the scale on the vertical scale. The displacement test rod can drive the sliding shaft to slide vertically with the vertical displacement of the invert displacement measuring point. An inclination sensor is arranged in the middle of the displacement test rod, and a laser displacement sensor is rotatably arranged at the top of the sliding shaft.

[0007] Further, a vertical slideway is arranged on the vertical scale, an axial slideway is arranged on the displacement test rod along the length direction of the displacement test rod, the bottom end of the sliding shaft is slidably connected to the vertical slideway, and the top end of the sliding shaft passes through the axial slideway and is slidably connected to the axial slideway.

[0008] Further, both ends of the rod telescoping mechanism are respectively fixedly connected to the end of the displacement test rod and the invert displacement measuring point. The telescoping direction of the rod telescoping mechanism is consistent with the length direction of the displacement test rod, and a lubricating oil chamber is arranged in the rod telescoping mechanism.

[0009] Further, the vertical scale is fixedly connected to the horizontal anchor pile through a steel bracket.

[0010] Further, the displacement test rod is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile through a rotating shaft.

[0011] Further, a displacement ranging module is rotatably arranged at the top end of the sliding shaft, and the laser displacement sensor is arranged on the displacement ranging module.

[0012] Further, based on the above tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-inclination sensor, the present invention also provides a tunnel invert displacement measuring method based on a displacement-inclination sensor, including the following steps:

[0013] S1. In the initial stage of tunnel excavation, measure the distance △L between the center point of the pointer shaft and the rotating shaft and the distance △L between the center point of the pointer shaft and the invert displacement measuring point through the laser displacement sensor 11 and the distance △L between the center point of the pointer shaft and the invert displacement measuring point 12 , and measure the initial angle α1 between the displacement measuring rod and the horizontal plane through the inclination sensor;

[0014] S2. After the invert deforms, measure the distance △L between the center point of the pointer shaft and the rotating shaft again through the laser displacement sensor (distance sensor) 21 and the distance △L between the center point of the pointer shaft and the invert displacement measuring point 22, measure the included angle α2 between the displacement measuring rod and the horizontal plane through an inclination sensor;

[0015] S3. Read the change value S of the scale of the vertical scale corresponding to the pointer before and after the invert deformation;

[0016] S4. Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the displacement measurement point of the invert based on the similarity theorem or the relationship between angles and side lengths.

[0017] Further, in step S4, when the visibility in the tunnel is good, based on the similarity theorem, the vertical displacement S′ of the displacement measurement point of the invert can be calculated according to the formula Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the displacement measurement point of the invert.

[0018] Further, in step S4, when the visibility in the tunnel is low, based on the relationship between angles and side lengths, according to the formula Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the displacement measurement point of the invert, where L1 = △L 11 +△L 12 , L2 = △L 21 +△L 22 , α = α2 - α1.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] Through the settings of the horizontal anchor pile, vertical scale, displacement test rod, and rod telescoping mechanism, in the process of the displacement of the displacement measurement point of the invert due to the invert deformation, as the force on the rod telescoping mechanism changes, the oil output of the lubricating oil chamber will be adjusted, thereby causing the rod telescoping mechanism to expand and contract. At the same time, the rod telescoping mechanism will drive the displacement test rod to rotate around the rotating shaft, and the rotation of the displacement test rod will drive the pointer to slide along the vertical slideway. Then, the displacement of the displacement measurement point of the invert can be calculated according to the similarity theorem, thereby realizing the displacement measurement of any point on the tunnel invert, and the measurement process is not affected by the light of the invert and the blockage of the surrounding rock to the line of sight, making the measurement operation simpler and more convenient. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the tunnel invert displacement measurement area in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel invert displacement measurement device based on a displacement-inclination sensor in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the tunnel invert displacement measurement device based on a displacement-inclination sensor in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the vertical scale and the displacement test rod in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the displacement test rod in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 Layout schematic diagram of the first target point and the second target point in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 Installation schematic diagram of the laser displacement sensor in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the calculation principle of the invert displacement in the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1, tunnel contour; 2, invert excavation area; 3, temporary bridge; 4, horizontal anchor pile; 5, vertical scale; 6, displacement test rod; 7, rod telescoping mechanism; 8, invert displacement measurement point; 9, invert contour; 10, bedrock; 11, steel support; 12, rotating shaft; 13, scale; 14, vertical slideway; 15, horizontal slideway; 16, pointer; 17, lubricating oil tank; 18, inclination sensor; 19, laser displacement sensor; 20, sliding shaft; 21, displacement ranging module; 22, first target point; 23, second target point. Specific embodiments

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, a tunnel invert displacement measurement device based on a displacement-inclination sensor is arranged in the invert excavation area 2 equipped with a temporary bridge 3, and is used to measure the invert displacement of the invert excavation area 2. The tunnel invert displacement measurement device based on a laser displacement sensor includes a horizontal anchor pile 4, a vertical scale 5 and a displacement test rod 6.

[0032] As Figures 2 - 5 shown, one end of the horizontal anchor pile 4 is fixed in the bedrock 10, the vertical scale 5 is arranged between the invert displacement measurement point 8 and the horizontal anchor pile 4, and the vertical scale 5 is fixedly connected to the horizontal anchor pile 4 through a steel support 11. One end of the displacement test rod 6 is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile 4 through a rotating shaft 12, and the other end of the displacement test rod 6 is fixedly connected to the invert displacement measurement point 8 through a rod telescoping mechanism 7. A pointer 16 is arranged on the vertical scale 5, and the pointer 16 corresponds to the scale 13 on the vertical scale 5 and can slide vertically. The displacement test rod 6 can drive the pointer 16 to slide vertically along with the vertical displacement of the invert displacement measurement point 8.

[0033] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 6As shown in the figure, a vertical slideway 14 is provided on the vertical scale 5. A sliding shaft 20 is provided in the vertical slideway (14). An axial slideway 15 is provided along the length direction of the displacement test rod 6 on the displacement test rod 6. The bottom end of the sliding shaft 20 is slidably connected to the vertical slideway 14. The top end of the sliding shaft 20 passes through the transverse slideway 15 and is slidably connected to the axial slideway 15. The pointer 16 is fixedly sleeved on the sliding shaft 20.

[0034] As Figure 2 , Figure 5 shown, both ends of the measuring rod telescoping mechanism 7 are fixedly connected to the end of the displacement test rod 6 and the invert displacement measuring point 8 respectively. The telescoping direction of the measuring rod telescoping mechanism 7 is consistent with the length direction of the displacement test rod 6. A lubricating oil chamber 17 is provided in the measuring rod telescoping mechanism 7.

[0035] As Figure 2 shown, before the invert deforms, the invert displacement measuring point 8 is located at the tunnel contour 1. After the invert deforms, the invert displacement measuring point 8 is located at the deformed invert contour 9, thereby generating a vertical displacement. During the process of the vertical displacement of the invert displacement measuring point 8 due to the invert deformation, as the force on the measuring rod telescoping mechanism 7 changes, the oil output of the lubricating oil chamber 17 will be adjusted, thereby causing the measuring rod telescoping mechanism 7 to expand and contract. At the same time, the measuring rod telescoping mechanism 7 will drive the displacement test rod 6 to rotate around the rotating shaft 12. The rotation of the displacement test rod 6 will drive the sliding shaft 20 to slide along the vertical slideway 14, thereby driving the pointer 16 to slide vertically.

[0036] As Figure 8 shown, an inclination sensor 18 is installed in the middle of the displacement measuring rod 6. The angle between the displacement measuring rod 6 and the horizontal plane before and after the invert deformation can be measured through the inclination sensor 18.

[0037] As Figure 7 shown, a displacement ranging module 21 is provided at the top end of the sliding shaft 20 in a manner of being connected by a rotating shaft, so that the displacement ranging module 21 can rotate parallel to the direction of the displacement measuring rod 6. A laser displacement sensor 19 is installed on the displacement ranging module 21. Furthermore, the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the center point of the rotating shaft 12 and the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the invert displacement measuring point 8 before and after the invert deformation can be measured through the laser displacement sensor 19. Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, a first target point 22 is provided at the connection of the measuring rod telescoping mechanism 7 and the invert displacement measuring point, and a second target point 23 is provided on the rotating shaft 12; when measuring the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the center point of the rotating shaft 12, the laser displacement sensor 19 is aligned with the second target point 23 for measurement; when measuring the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the invert displacement measuring point 8, after the displacement ranging module is rotated 180°, the laser displacement sensor 19 is aligned with the first target point 22 for measurement.

[0038] Specifically, when measuring the invert displacement of the invert excavation area 2 through the above-mentioned tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensors, the following steps are included:

[0039] S1. In the initial stage of tunnel excavation, before the invert deforms, measure the distance △L between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the rotating shaft 12 through the laser displacement sensor 19 11 and the distance △L between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the invert displacement measuring point 8 12 , and measure the initial angle α1 between the displacement measuring rod 6 and the horizontal plane through the inclination sensor 18.

[0040] S2. After the invert deforms, measure the distance △L between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the rotating shaft 12 again through the laser displacement sensor 19 21 and the distance △L between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the invert displacement measuring point 8 22 , and measure the angle α2 between the displacement measuring rod 6 and the horizontal plane again through the inclination sensor 18.

[0041] S3. Read the scale change value S of the vertical scale 5 corresponding to the pointer 16 before and after the invert deformation.

[0042] S4. Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the invert displacement measuring point 8 based on the similarity theorem or the relationship between angles and side lengths. Specifically, as Figure 8 shown, when the visibility in the tunnel is good, based on the similarity theorem, there is a formula Furthermore, the vertical displacement S′ of the invert displacement measuring point 8 can be calculated according to the formula ; when the light in the tunnel is insufficient and it is difficult to read the scale, based on the relationship between angles and side lengths, let L1 = △L 11 +△L 12 , L2 = △L 21 +△L 22 , let α = α2 - α1, then the vertical displacement S′ of the invert displacement measuring point 8 after the invert deformation can be calculated according to the formula .

[0043] Through the above-mentioned tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensors and its corresponding measuring method, the present invention can realize the displacement measurement of any point on the invert of a tunnel with a trestle on it, and is not affected by the light on the invert and the obstruction of the surrounding rock to the line of sight, making the measurement operation simpler and more convenient.

[0044] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-inclination sensor, arranged in an invert excavation area (2) where a temporary bridge (3) is installed, characterized in that: The invention comprises a horizontal anchor pile (4), a vertical scale (5) and a displacement test rod (6), wherein one end of the horizontal anchor pile (4) is fixed in the bedrock (10), the vertical scale (5) is arranged between the inverted arch displacement measurement point (8) and the horizontal anchor pile (4) and is fixedly connected to the horizontal anchor pile (4), one end of the displacement test rod (6) is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile (4), and the other end of the displacement test rod (6) is fixed to the inverted arch displacement measurement point (8) through a measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7). A vertically slidable sliding shaft (20) is provided on the vertical scale (5), a pointer (16) is fixed on the sliding shaft (20), the pointer (16) corresponds to the scale (13) on the vertical scale (5), a displacement test rod (6) can drive the sliding shaft (20) to slide vertically along with the vertical displacement of the invert displacement measurement point (8), an inclination sensor (18) is provided in the middle of the displacement test rod (6), and a laser displacement sensor (19) is rotatably provided at the top end of the sliding shaft (20).

2. The tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertical slideway (14) is provided on the vertical scale (5), an axial slideway (15) is provided on the displacement test rod (6) along the length direction of the displacement test rod (6), the bottom end of the sliding shaft (20) is slidably connected to the vertical slideway (14), and the top end of the sliding shaft (20) passes through the axial slideway (15) and is slidably connected to the axial slideway (15).

3. The tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7) are respectively fixedly connected to the end of the displacement test rod (6) and the inverted arch displacement measurement point (8); the telescopic direction of the measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7) is consistent with the length direction of the displacement test rod (6); and a lubricating oil tank (17) is provided in the measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7).

4. The tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical scale (5) is fixedly connected to the horizontal anchor pile (4) via a steel bracket (11).

5. The tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement test rod (6) is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile (4) via a rotating shaft (12).

6. The tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A displacement distance measurement module (21) is rotatably arranged at the top end of the sliding shaft (20), and a laser displacement sensor (19) is arranged on the displacement distance measurement module (21).

7. A method for measuring tunnel invert displacement based on a displacement-inclination sensor, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. At the beginning of tunnel excavation, the distance △L between the center point of the pointer (16) and the center point of the rotating shaft (12) before the deformation of the invert is measured by a laser displacement sensor (19). 11 and the distance △L between the center point of the pointer (16) axis and the invert displacement measurement point (8) 12 , measuring the initial angle α1 between the displacement measuring rod (6) and the horizontal plane by means of the inclination sensor (18); S2. After the inverted arch is deformed, the distance △L between the center point of the pointer (16) and the center point of the rotating shaft (12) is measured again by the laser displacement sensor (19). 21 and the distance △L between the center point of the pointer (16) axis and the invert displacement measurement point (8) 22 , again measuring the angle α2 between the displacement measuring rod (6) and the horizontal plane by the inclination sensor (18); S3, reading the scale change value S of the vertical scale (5) corresponding to the pointer (16) before and after the deformation of the invert; S4. Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the invert displacement measurement point (8) based on the similarity theorem or the relationship between the angle and the side length.

8. The tunnel invert displacement measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, when the visibility in the tunnel is good, based on the similarity theorem, the formula Calculate the vertical displacement S' of the invert displacement measurement point (8).

9. The tunnel invert displacement measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, when the visibility in the tunnel is low, based on the relationship between angle and side length, according to the formula Calculate the vertical displacement S' of the invert displacement measurement point (8), where L1 = △L 11 +△L 12 , L2=△L 21 +△L 22 , α=α2-α1.

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