Tunnel invert displacement measuring device and measuring method based on displacement-inclination sensor

Abstract

The application relates to a tunnel invert displacement measuring device and method based on a displacement-inclination sensor. The tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on the displacement-inclination sensor comprises a horizontal anchoring pile, a vertical scale and a displacement testing rod. One end of the horizontal anchoring pile is fixed in a bedrock. The vertical scale is fixedly connected with the horizontal anchoring pile. One end of the displacement testing rod is rotationally connected with the horizontal anchoring pile. The other end of the displacement testing rod is fixed to an invert displacement measuring point. A sliding shaft is arranged on the vertical scale. A pointer is fixed to the sliding shaft. The displacement testing rod can drive the sliding shaft to vertically slide along with the vertical displacement of the invert displacement measuring point. An inclination sensor is arranged in the middle of the displacement testing rod. A laser displacement sensor is arranged at a rotating shaft of the top end of the sliding shaft. The application has the beneficial effect that the displacement of the surrounding rock at any point of the tunnel invert is measured by combining the similar triangle theorem. The measuring process is not affected by the light in the tunnel and the blocked line of sight of the surrounding rock, so that the measuring operation is more simple and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser measuring instruments for tunnel construction, specifically to a device and method for measuring the displacement of tunnel invert arches based on a displacement-tilt sensor. Background Technology

[0002] To ensure construction safety, it is necessary to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock during tunnel construction. Therefore, it is common practice to measure the settlement of the tunnel arch or the convergence displacement of the sidewalls. Currently, monitoring is mainly conducted on the displacement of the tunnel arch and sidewalls, using both contact and non-contact measurement methods.

[0003] Both contact and non-contact measurement methods require a line-of-sight between the measured point and the total station. However, during tunnel construction, the tunnel invert may experience bottom bulging deformation, which is often in its early stages and cannot be detected by the naked eye. Furthermore, to ensure construction safety and facilitate transportation between the tunnel face and the rear, temporary bridges are installed in the invert excavation area for vehicles and workers. During tunnel construction, construction vehicles frequently cross these temporary bridges, making it impossible to measure the displacement of the tunnel invert. Additionally, the tunnel invert is poorly lit, and there is a height difference of approximately 2 meters between it and the adjacent invert filling surface, making it unsuitable for non-contact measurement using reflective film. Most importantly, the surrounding rock in the invert excavation area and towards the tunnel face obstructs the line of sight during excavation, making it extremely difficult to monitor the displacement of the tunnel invert. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a tunnel invert displacement measurement device and method based on a displacement-tilt sensor. By combining it with the similar triangle theorem, the displacement measurement of any point on the tunnel invert can be realized. Moreover, the measurement process is not affected by the light from the invert or the obstruction of the view by the surrounding rock. It can adapt to the working environment with poor visibility inside the tunnel, making the measurement operation simpler and more convenient.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-tilt sensor is deployed in the invert excavation area where a temporary bridge is installed. It includes horizontal anchor piles, a vertical scale, and a displacement testing rod. One end of the horizontal anchor pile is fixed in the bedrock. The vertical scale is positioned between the invert displacement measuring point and the horizontal anchor pile and is fixedly connected to it. One end of the displacement testing rod is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile, and the other end is fixed to the invert displacement measuring point via a rod telescopic mechanism. The vertical scale has a vertically sliding shaft with a pointer fixed on it. The pointer corresponds to a graduation on the vertical scale. The displacement testing rod can slide vertically along the vertical displacement of the invert displacement measuring point. An invert sensor is located in the middle of the displacement testing rod, and a laser displacement sensor is rotatably mounted at the top of the sliding shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the vertical scale is provided with a vertical slide, and the displacement test rod is provided with an axial slide along the length of the displacement test rod. The bottom end of the sliding shaft is slidably connected to the vertical slide, and the top end of the sliding shaft passes through the axial slide and is slidably connected to the axial slide.

[0008] Furthermore, the two ends of the probe telescopic mechanism are fixedly connected to the end of the displacement test rod and the measuring point of the inverted arch displacement, respectively. The telescopic direction of the probe telescopic mechanism is consistent with the length direction of the displacement test rod, and a lubricating oil chamber is provided inside the probe telescopic mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the vertical ruler is fixedly connected to the horizontal anchor pile via a steel bracket.

[0010] Furthermore, the displacement test rod is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile via a rotating shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, a displacement measuring module is rotatably mounted on the top of the sliding shaft, and a laser displacement sensor is mounted on the displacement measuring module.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-tilt sensor, this invention also provides a method for measuring tunnel invert displacement based on a displacement-tilt sensor, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. In the early stage of tunnel excavation, the distance ΔL between the center point of the pointer axis and the rotating axis before the deformation of the invert arch is measured by a laser displacement sensor. 11 And the distance △L between the center point of the pointer axis and the measuring point of the inverted arch displacement. 12 The initial angle α1 between the displacement measuring rod and the horizontal plane is measured by an inclination sensor.

[0014] S2. After the invert arch deforms, the distance ΔL between the center point of the pointer axis and the rotating axis is measured again using a laser displacement sensor (distance sensor). 21 And the distance △L between the center point of the pointer axis and the measuring point of the inverted arch displacement. 22The angle α2 between the displacement measuring rod and the horizontal plane is measured by an inclination sensor.

[0015] S3. Read the change value S of the vertical scale corresponding to the pointer before and after the deformation of the inverted arch;

[0016] S4. Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the inverted arch displacement measurement point based on the similarity theorem or the relationship between angle and side length.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S4, when the visibility inside the tunnel is good, based on the similarity theorem, the formula can be used... Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the invert arch displacement measurement point.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S4, when the visibility inside the tunnel is low, based on the relationship between angle and side length, according to the formula... Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the invert arch displacement measurement point, where L1=△L 11 +△L 12 L2 = △L 21 +△L 22 , α=α2-α1.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention, through the setup of horizontal anchor piles, a vertical ruler, a displacement testing rod, and a rod extension mechanism, allows for the adjustment of the lubrication oil tank as the force on the rod extension mechanism changes during the displacement measurement of the invert arch caused by invert arch deformation. This, in turn, causes the rod extension mechanism to extend and retract. Simultaneously, the rod extension mechanism drives the displacement testing rod to rotate around its axis. The rotation of the displacement testing rod causes the pointer to slide along the vertical track. The displacement of the invert arch measurement point can then be calculated based on similarity theorems, thus enabling displacement measurement of any point on the tunnel invert arch. Furthermore, the measurement process is unaffected by light from the invert arch or obstructed views by surrounding rock, making the measurement operation simpler and more convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel invert displacement measurement area in this invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-tilt sensor in this invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-tilt sensor in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooperation between the vertical scale and the displacement testing rod in this invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement testing rod in this invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the first and second target points in this invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the laser displacement sensor in this invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation principle of the inverted arch displacement in this invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Tunnel outline; 2. Invert arch excavation area; 3. Temporary bridge; 4. Horizontal anchor pile; 5. Vertical ruler; 6. Displacement test rod; 7. Measuring rod extension mechanism; 8. Invert arch displacement measurement point; 9. Invert arch outline; 10. Bedrock; 11. Steel support; 12. Rotating shaft; 13. Scale; 14. Vertical slide rail; 15. Horizontal slide rail; 16. Pointer; 17. Lubricating oil tank; 18. Inclination sensor; 19. Laser displacement sensor; 20. Sliding shaft; 21. Displacement measuring module; 22. First target point; 23. Second target point. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a displacement-tilt sensor is deployed in the invert excavation area 2 where a temporary bridge 3 is installed, and is used to measure the invert displacement in the excavation area 2. The tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on a laser displacement sensor includes a horizontal anchor pile 4, a vertical scale 5, and a displacement testing rod 6.

[0032] like Figures 2-5 As shown, one end of the horizontal anchor pile 4 is fixed in the bedrock 10. The vertical scale 5 is set between the invert displacement measuring point 8 and the horizontal anchor pile 4, and the vertical scale 5 is fixedly connected to the horizontal anchor pile 4 through the steel bracket 11. One end of the displacement test rod 6 is rotatably connected to the horizontal anchor pile 4 through the rotating shaft 12, and the other end of the displacement test rod 6 is fixed to the invert displacement measuring point 8 through the measuring rod telescopic mechanism 7. The vertical scale 5 is equipped with a pointer 16, which corresponds to the scale 13 on the vertical scale 5 and can slide vertically. The displacement test rod 6 can drive the pointer 16 to slide vertically with the vertical displacement of the invert displacement measuring point 8.

[0033] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6As shown, a vertical slide 14 is provided on the vertical scale 5, and a sliding shaft 20 is provided inside the vertical slide (14). An axial slide 15 is provided on the displacement test rod 6 along the length direction of the displacement test rod 6. The bottom end of the sliding shaft 20 is slidably connected to the vertical slide 14, and the top end of the sliding shaft 20 passes through the transverse slide 15 and is slidably connected to the axial slide 15. The pointer 16 is fixedly sleeved on the sliding shaft 20.

[0034] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the two ends of the probe telescopic mechanism 7 are fixedly connected to the end of the displacement test rod 6 and the invert displacement measuring point 8, respectively. The telescopic direction of the probe telescopic mechanism 7 is consistent with the length direction of the displacement test rod 6. The probe telescopic mechanism 7 is equipped with a lubricating oil chamber 17.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, before the invert arch deforms, the invert arch displacement measuring point 8 is located at the tunnel outline 1. After the invert arch deforms, the invert arch displacement measuring point 8 is located at the deformed invert arch outline 9, thus generating vertical displacement. During the process of vertical displacement of the invert arch displacement measuring point 8 due to the deformation of the invert arch, as the force on the measuring rod telescopic mechanism 7 changes, the oil output of the lubrication tank 17 will be adjusted, thereby causing the measuring rod telescopic mechanism 7 to extend and retract. At the same time, the measuring rod telescopic mechanism 7 will drive the displacement testing rod 6 to rotate around the rotating shaft 12. The rotation of the displacement testing rod 6 will drive the sliding shaft 20 to slide along the vertical slide rail 14, thereby causing the pointer 16 to slide vertically.

[0036] like Figure 8 As shown, an inclination sensor 18 is installed in the middle of the displacement measuring rod 6. The inclination sensor 18 can measure the angle between the displacement measuring rod 6 and the horizontal plane before and after the deformation of the invert arch.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, a displacement measuring module 21 is provided at the top of the sliding shaft 20 via a rotating shaft connection, allowing the displacement measuring module 21 to rotate parallel to the displacement measuring rod 6. A laser displacement sensor 19 is mounted on the displacement measuring module 21, which can then measure the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the center point of the rotating shaft 12 before and after the arch deformation, as well as the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the arch displacement measuring point 8. Specifically, as... Figure 6 As shown, a first target point 22 is provided at the connection between the telescopic mechanism 7 and the invert displacement measurement point, and a second target point 23 is provided on the rotating shaft 12. When measuring the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the center point of the rotating shaft 12, the laser displacement sensor 19 is aligned with the second target point 23 for measurement. When measuring the distance between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the invert displacement measurement point 8, the displacement measuring module is rotated 180° so that the laser displacement sensor 19 is aligned with the first target point 22 for measurement.

[0038] Specifically, when measuring the displacement of the invert arch in excavation area 2 using the aforementioned tunnel invert arch displacement measuring device based on displacement-tilt sensor, the following steps are included:

[0039] S1. In the initial stage of tunnel excavation, before the invert arch deforms, the distance ΔL between the center point of pointer 16 and rotating shaft 12 is measured by laser displacement sensor 19. 11 And the distance △L between the center point of pointer 16 axis and the invert arch displacement measuring point 8. 12 The initial angle α1 between the displacement measuring rod 6 and the horizontal plane is measured by the tilt sensor 18.

[0040] S2. After the invert arch deforms, the distance ΔL between the center point of the pointer 16 axis and the rotating shaft 12 is measured again using the laser displacement sensor 19. 21 And the distance △L between the center point of pointer 16 axis and the invert arch displacement measuring point 8. 22 Then, the angle α2 between the displacement measuring rod 6 and the horizontal plane is measured again by the tilt sensor 18.

[0041] S3. Read the scale change value S of the vertical scale 5 corresponding to pointer 16 before and after the deformation of the inverted arch.

[0042] S4. Calculate the vertical displacement S′ of the invert arch displacement measuring point 8 based on the similarity theorem or the relationship between angle and side length. Specifically, such as... Figure 8 As shown, when visibility inside the tunnel is good, based on the similarity theorem, there exists a formula... Therefore, it can be determined according to the formula The vertical displacement S′ of the invert arch displacement measuring point 8 is calculated; when the light inside the tunnel is insufficient and reading the scale is difficult, based on the relationship between angle and side length, let L1=△L 11 +△L 12 L2 = △L 21 +△L 22 Let α = α² - α¹, then we can use the formula... The vertical displacement S′ of measuring point 8 of the invert arch after deformation was calculated.

[0043] Through the above-mentioned displacement-tilt sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measurement device and its corresponding measurement method, the present invention can realize displacement measurement of any point of the tunnel invert covered by a trestle bridge, and is not affected by the light of the invert and the obstruction of the line of sight by the surrounding rock, making the measurement operation simpler and more convenient.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel invert displacement measuring device based on displacement-inclination sensor, arranged in the invert excavation area (2) where the temporary bridge (3) is installed, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a kind of measuring device for measuring the vertical displacement of inverted arch, including horizontal anchor pile (4), vertical scale (5) and displacement test rod (6), horizontal anchor pile (4) is fixed in bedrock (10) one end, vertical scale (5) is located between inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) and horizontal anchor pile (4) and is fixedly connected with horizontal anchor pile (4), displacement test rod (6) one end is rotatably connected with horizontal anchor pile (4), displacement test rod (6) other end is fixed to inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) by measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7), vertical scale (5) is equipped with the sliding shaft (20) that can vertically slide, sliding shaft (20) is fixed with pointer (16), pointer (16) corresponds with the scale (13) on vertical scale (5), displacement test rod (6) can be driven sliding shaft (20) vertically sliding with the vertical displacement of inverted arch displacement measuring point (8), displacement test rod (6) middle part is equipped with inclination sensor (18), sliding shaft (20) top end is rotatably equipped with laser displacement sensor (19).

2. The displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Vertical scale (5) is equipped with vertical slide (14), displacement test rod (6) is equipped with axial slide (15) on the length direction of displacement test rod (6), sliding shaft (20) bottom end is slidably connected with vertical slide (14), sliding shaft (20) top end passes through axial slide (15) and is slidably connected with axial slide (15).

3. The displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7) two ends are fixedly connected with displacement test rod (6) end portion, inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) respectively, the telescopic direction of measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7) is identical with the length direction of displacement test rod (6), and measuring rod telescopic mechanism (7) is equipped with lubricating oil cabin (17) in.

4. The displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Vertical scale (5) is fixedly connected with horizontal anchor pile (4) by steel support (11).

5. The displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Displacement test rod (6) is rotatably connected with horizontal anchor pile (4) by pivot (12).

6. The displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sliding shaft (20) top end is rotatably equipped with displacement distance measuring module (21), and laser displacement sensor (19) is arranged on displacement distance measuring module (21).

7. A measuring method of a displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Including following steps: S1, in the initial stage of tunnel excavation, the distance AL between the shaft center point of the inverted arch deformation front pointer (16) and the center point of the rotating shaft (12) is measured by the laser displacement sensor (19) 11 And the distance AL between the shaft center point of the pointer (16) and the inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) 12 The initial angle a1 between the displacement measuring rod (6) and the horizontal plane is measured by the inclination sensor (18); S2, after the invert deformation, the distance AL between the axis center point of the pointer 16 and the center point of the rotating shaft 12 is measured again by the laser displacement sensor 19 21 and the distance AL between the axis center point of the pointer 16 and the invert displacement measuring point 8 22 the angle a2 between the displacement measuring rod 6 and the horizontal plane is measured again by the inclination sensor 18 S3, read the scale change value S of vertical scale (5) corresponding to pointer (16) before and after inverted arch deformation; S4, based on the relationship between angle and side length or similarity theorem, the vertical displacement S' of inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) is calculated.

8. The measurement method of the displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measurement device according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, when the visibility in the tunnel hole is good, based on the similarity theorem, the vertical displacement S' of the inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) can be calculated according to the formula Inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) 9. The measurement method of the displacement-inclination sensor-based tunnel invert displacement measurement device according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, when the visibility in the tunnel hole is low, the vertical displacement S' of the inverted arch displacement measuring point (8) is calculated based on the relationship between the angle and the side length according to the formula L1 = ΔL 11 + ΔL 12 , L2 = ΔL 21 + ΔL 22 , and α = α2 - α1.

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