Shaft connection triangle measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a shaft connection triangle measuring method, which comprises the following steps of: 1) hanging three steel wires in a shaft, measuring coordinates of two steel wires on the ground according to control points and an azimuth angle of a connecting line of the two steel wires, and measuring the coordinates of the two steel wires in the shaft according to coordinates of projection points and the coordinate azimuth angle of the connecting line of the two steel wires under the shaft; determining starting coordinates and azimuth angles of the underground conductor; 2) connecting the most favorable shape of triangle orientation; (3) carrying out field measurement on the connection triangles; (4) carrying out relation triangle measurement interior work processing; and 5) estimating the orientation measurement precision of the relation triangle. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method has the advantages of being high in adaptability and precision, can be widely applied to urban rail transit connection survey and hydraulic engineering large-scale shaft connection survey, can effectively reduce direction errors caused by plumbing errors, and is beneficial to improving the measurement precision of underground conductors; in the measuring process, checking can be carried out through more redundant observation, and measuring errors are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering surveying, and in particular to a shaft connection triangle survey method. Background Art

[0002] In traditional connection triangle surveying, two steel wires are suspended through a shaft (usually three steel wires are suspended for verification). The angles of the steel wires are measured by the near-surface well points above the shaft, and the distances between the steel wires are measured with a steel tape, so as to calculate the coordinates of the steel wires and the azimuth between them. Then, underground, it is considered that the coordinates and azimuth of the steel wires are known, and the coordinates and azimuth of the starting side of the underground traverse are obtained through measurement and calculation.

[0003] The disadvantages of traditional triangle connection surveying are that the distances between the steel wires measured by the near-surface well points above and below the shaft using a steel tape are time-consuming and laborious, with low accuracy; the angle observation using manual observation is time-consuming and laborious, and it is difficult to improve the operation efficiency.

[0004] The invention patent with the name of "a connection triangle measuring device and measuring method" is disclosed in CN106767731B. It includes two steel wires suspended in a shaft; at least two 360-degree prisms are installed on each steel wire; at least one 360-degree prism is located above the wellhead, that is, the upper 360-degree prism, and at least one 360-degree prism is located below the wellhead, that is, the lower 360-degree prism; the upper end of each steel wire is fixed on a bracket, and the lower end of each steel wire is fixed with a weight immersed in the damping liquid of an oil barrel; the 360-degree prism located above the wellhead and the total station above the well are at the same height; the 360-degree prism located below the wellhead and the total station below the well are at the same height; the upper total station located at the wellhead edge; the upper total station observes the angle and distance from the near-surface well point to the upper 360-degree prism; the lower total station located underground; the lower total station measures the coordinates of the lower 360-degree prism.

[0005] Although this patent can perform measurements, when two steel wires are suspended, only a single connection triangle can be formed with the measuring point, without redundant observations, resulting in low measurement accuracy, being not conducive to improving accuracy, and having limited checking conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft connection triangle survey method with strong adaptability and high measurement accuracy.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution. A shaft connection triangular survey method, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Hang three steel wires in the shaft. On the ground, determine the coordinates of two steel wires and the azimuth of their connecting line according to control points. In the underground, determine the starting coordinates and azimuth of the underground traverse according to the coordinates of the projection points and the coordinate azimuth of their connecting line; 2) The most favorable shape of the connection triangle orientation; 3) Field measurement of the connection triangle; 4) Indoor processing of the connection triangle measurement; 5) Estimation of the accuracy of the connection triangle orientation measurement.

[0008] Among them, in step 1), the ground coordinates and azimuth are transmitted to the underground traverse orientation through the double triangles formed by the ground near well point J1 and the plumb bobs X1, X2, X3 and the double triangles formed by the underground near well point J2 and the projection points X1', X2', X3' of the plumb bobs underground.

[0009] Among them, in the step 2), the distance b between the steel wires suspended in the shaft should be as long as possible; and the two near well points and the suspended steel wires tend to be in a straight line. The distance ratios of b1 / a1, b2 / a1, b3 / a2, b3 / a3 should be less than 1.5, where a is the shortest distance from the near well point to the suspended steel wire.

[0010] In the present invention, in the step 3), the following steps are further included: (1) Place a total station on the ground and underground respectively for simultaneous observation; the distance difference between the two steel wires measured on the ground and underground should be less than 2 mm;

[0011] (2) Plumb point projection. The two plumb lines suspended in the shaft form a shaft plane. The intersection line of this vertical plane and any horizontal plane maintains the same direction for connection measurement on the ground and underground;

[0012] (3) Install a bracket at the wellhead, install a hand winch, an orientation board, and a guiding skateboard car on the bracket. Hang a small plumb bob at the lower end of the steel wire, lower the steel wire to the bottom of the well through the hand winch, and then replace it with a heavy plumb bob. Put the heavy plumb bobs at the lower ends of the two steel wires into oil drums filled with heavy oil respectively; after the steel wires are lowered properly, the suspended plumb lines should be in a free swinging state, and the steel wires do not touch any objects in the shaft. The free suspension inspection of the plumb lines in the shaft is carried out simultaneously by the signal circle method and the distance comparison method;

[0013] (4) After checking that the steel wires are lowered correctly, paste a ranging reflector on each steel wire on the ground and underground respectively. The position of the reflector should be more than 1 m below the alignment board on the ground and more than 1 m above the top of the plumb bob underground;

[0014] (5) In - shaft connection measurement: First, set up a total station at point J1 above the shaft. Paste the matching reflector sheets on the three steel wires. Use the total station to measure the horizontal distances SJ1X1, SJ1X1, and SJ1X1 from the near - well point J1 to each plumb line. Use the direction observation method to measure the plumb - line angles LX2 - X1 and LX1 - X3. Each independent measurement is carried out in three sets of observations, and each set of observations is read three times. The difference between each set of observations should meet the specification requirements.

[0015] (6) In - shaft connection measurement, its steps are the same as those of the in - shaft connection measurement.

[0016] In step (3), the signal method is to make a small wire loop with a diameter of 2 - 3 cm on the ground and put it on the steel wire, then lower it to see if it can reach the orientation level.

[0017] The distance - comparison method is to check by comparing the distances between the two plumb - bob lines above and below the well; if the difference between the distances between the two plumb - bob lines measured above and below the well is not greater than 2 mm, it is considered to be freely suspended.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (4), the in - door processing of the connecting - triangle measurement is divided into two parts. The first part is to solve the unknown elements of the connecting triangle and its verification; the second part is to calculate the azimuth of each side and the coordinates of each point according to the general traverse method.

[0019] The calculation of the connecting triangle is as follows:

[0020] Calculation of side length: Use the formula to calculate c(1,2)

[0021] c 2 cal = a 2 +b 2 -2abcosα

[0022] Discrepancy value of the measured distance of the side length above the well:

[0023] d = c_measured - c_calculated

[0024] Side - length correction: The correction numbers of each side length can be added with the following correction numbers respectively in the measured side lengths a, b, and c to eliminate their differences

[0025]

[0026] Angle calculation: Use the trigonometric theorem to calculate γ(1,2,3) and δ(1,2,3) with the corrected side lengths

[0027]

[0028] Angle correction: The sum of the three interior angles of the connecting triangle α + γ+δ should be equal to 180°; generally, it can be closed. If there is still a small residual error, it can be evenly distributed to γ and δ.

[0029] The adjustment of the underground connection triangle is the same as above.

[0030] Further described, in the step 5), when the coordinate azimuth is transmitted underground by the shaft connection triangle method, the error of the starting coordinate azimuth of the above-ground traverse can be expressed by the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula:

[0033] (m0) s —— The error of the calculated angle caused by the side length measurement error;

[0034] (m0) β —— The influence of the angle observation error;

[0035] (m0) p —— The influence of the plumb bob point dropping error.

[0036] When the shapes of the connection triangles on the ground and underground are similar, the total connection triangle orientation error is:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula:

[0039] m s —— The mean square error of distance measurement;

[0040] m —— The mean square error of the ground observation direction;

[0041] m′ —— The mean square error of the underground observation direction;

[0042] e —— The linear error of the wire point dropping.

[0043] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0044] 1. Strong adaptability: The connection triangle method of hanging three steel wires is generally applicable to the shaft connection measurement with a small wellhead and a large depth, and this method can be widely used in the connection measurement of urban rail transit and the shaft connection measurement of large-scale water conservancy projects.

[0045] 2. High precision: Although the workload of its observation operation is slightly larger, through more redundant observations, its precision is greatly improved compared with the traditional method of hanging two steel wires. The distance and angle between the three steel wires can be more flexibly controlled, which can effectively reduce the direction error caused by the point dropping error and is beneficial to improving the measurement precision of the underground traverse.

[0046] 3. Simple operation: The main operation is to hang a steel wire at the top of the shaft, hang a plumb bob at the lower end and immerse it in the damping liquid, and then observe the steel wire through measuring instruments on the ground and in the underground. It does not require complex instrument equipment and cumbersome measurement steps, and the field measurement is relatively simple.

[0047] 4. Low economic cost: Compared with some methods using high-precision advanced instruments such as gyro-theodolite orientation, etc., the equipment required for the steel wire suspension method is mainly steel wire, plumb bob, damping liquid and conventional measuring instruments such as total station, etc., and the cost is relatively low, which can save certain expenses for the project.

[0048] 5. Good checking conditions: During the measurement process, more redundant observations can be used for checking, and methods such as taking the average value through multiple measurements can also be used to improve the reliability and accuracy of the measurement and reduce measurement errors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The drawings of the present invention are described as follows:

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0051] The following further details the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Any improvement or substitution based on the basic spirit of this embodiment still falls within the scope protected by the claims of the present invention.

[0052] Embodiment 1: As Figure 1 shown, a shaft connection triangle measurement method, the method includes the following steps: 1) Hang three steel wires in the shaft, determine the coordinates of the two steel wires and the azimuth of their connection line according to the control points on the ground, and determine the starting coordinates and azimuth of the underground traverse according to the coordinates of the projection points and the coordinate azimuth of their connection line underground; 2) The most favorable shape of the connection triangle orientation; 3) Field measurement of the connection triangle; 4) Indoor processing of the connection triangle measurement; 5) Estimation of the orientation measurement accuracy of the connection triangle.

[0053] Among them, in step 1), the ground coordinates and azimuth are transmitted to the underground traverse orientation through the double triangles formed by the ground near well point J1 and the plumb bobs X1, X2, X3 and the double triangles formed by the underground near well point J2 and the projection points X1', X2', X3' of the plumb bobs underground.

[0054] Among them, in the step 2), the distance b between the steel wires suspended in the shaft should be as long as possible; and the two near well points and the suspended steel wires tend to be in a straight line, and the distance ratios of b1 / a1, b2 / a1, b3 / a2, b3 / a3 should be less than 1.5, where a is the shortest distance from the near well point to the suspended steel wire.

[0055] In the present invention, in step 3), the following steps are further included: (1) One total station is installed at the surface and one at the underground for simultaneous observation; the distance difference between the two steel wires measured on the ground and underground should be less than 2 mm.

[0056] The orientation connection measurement is preferably carried out under the conditions of cloudy and windless days, and there should be no interference from external vibrations during the observation. After the steel wire is stabilized, the field observation of the connection triangle orientation can be carried out. When observing the steel wire in the telescope of the total station, the steel wire should not swing. In order to minimize the occupation of underground operation time and improve the efficiency of field observation.

[0057] (2) Hanging the plumb point. Two plumb lines suspended in the shaft form a shaft plane. The intersection line of this vertical plane and any horizontal plane remains in the same direction, so as to carry out the connection measurement between the surface and the underground; when carrying out the point projection operation, the most favorable figure of the connection triangle should be fully considered.

[0058] (3) For work safety, when lowering the steel wire, the underground operation personnel should be made to leave the wellhead position; install a bracket at the wellhead, install a hand winch, an orientation plate, and a guiding skateboard on the bracket, hang a small plumb bob at the lower end of the steel wire, lower the steel wire to the bottom of the well through the hand winch, and then replace it with a heavy plumb bob. Put the heavy plumb bobs at the lower ends of the two steel wires into an oil barrel filled with heavy oil respectively; to weaken the swing of the steel wire; if there are water droplets in the well, a conical waterproof cover should be covered on the oil barrel, and the small hole at the top of the waterproof cover should not contact the steel wire.

[0059] After the steel wire is lowered properly, the suspended plumb line should be in a freely swinging state, the steel wire does not contact any object in the shaft, and the free suspension inspection of the plumb line in the shaft is carried out simultaneously by the signal circle method and the distance comparison method.

[0060] (4) After checking that the steel wire is lowered correctly, paste a ranging reflector on each steel wire at the surface and underground respectively. The position of the reflector should be more than 1 m below the alignment board at the surface and more than 1 m above the top of the plumb bob underground.

[0061] (5) Surface connection measurement. First, set up the total station at point J1 on the surface, paste the matching reflectors on the three steel wires, use the total station to measure the horizontal distances SJ1X1, SJ1X1, and SJ1X1 from the near well point J1 to each plumb line, and use the direction observation method to measure the plumb line included angles LX2-X1 and LX1-X3. Each independent measurement is carried out in three sets of observations, and each set of observations is read three times. The difference between each set of observations should meet the specification requirements.

[0062] (6) Underground connection measurement. Its steps are the same as those of the surface connection measurement.

[0063] The signal loop method is to make a small loop (signal loop) with a diameter of 2 - 3 cm from iron wire on the ground and put it on the steel wire, then lower it to see if it can reach the directional level. When using this method, it should be noted that the signal loop should not be too heavy and the steel wire should not swing, so as to prevent the signal loop from passing through the contact point by taking advantage of the gap.

[0064] The distance comparison method is to check by comparing the distances between the two plumb lines above and below the well. If the difference in the distances between the two plumb lines measured above and below the well is not greater than 2 mm, it is considered to be freely suspended.

[0065] In the present invention, in the said step 4), the indoor processing of the connecting triangle measurement is divided into two parts. The first part is to solve each unknown element of the connecting triangle and its verification; the second part is to calculate the azimuth of each side and the coordinates of each point according to the general traverse method;

[0066] The calculation of the connecting triangle is as follows:

[0067] Calculation of side length: Use the formula to calculate c(1,2)

[0068] c 2 count = a 2 +b 2 -2abcosα

[0069] Discrepancy value of measured distance of side length above the well:

[0070] d = c measured - c calculated

[0071] Side length correction: The correction numbers of each side length can be added with the following correction numbers respectively in the measured side lengths a, b and c to eliminate the difference

[0072]

[0073] Calculation of angle: Use the trigonometric theorem to calculate γ(1,2,3), δ(1,2,3) with the corrected side lengths

[0074]

[0075] Angle correction: The sum of the three interior angles of the connecting triangle α + γ + δ should be equal to 180°; generally, it can be closed. If there is still a small residual error, it can be evenly distributed to γ and δ;

[0076] The adjustment of the underground connecting triangle is the same as above.

[0077] Among them, in the said step 5), when the coordinate azimuth is transmitted to the underground through the shaft connecting triangle method, the error of the initial coordinate azimuth of the above-ground traverse can be expressed by the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula:

[0080] (m0) s —— Error in the calculated angle caused by the side length measurement error;

[0081] (m0) β —— Influence of the angle observation error;

[0082] (m0) p —— Influence of the plumb bob point dropping error.

[0083] When the shapes of the connection triangles on the ground and underground are similar, the total orientation error of the connection triangle is:

[0084]

[0085] In the formula:

[0086] m s —— Middle error of distance measurement;

[0087] m —— Middle error of the ground observation direction;

[0088] m′ —— Middle error of the underground observation direction;

[0089] e —— Linear error of the wire point dropping.

Claims

1. A method for measuring a vertical shaft connection triangle, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) hanging three steel wires in the wellbore, measuring the coordinates of two steel wires and the azimuth of their connecting line according to the control points on the ground, and determining the starting coordinates and azimuth of the underground conductor according to the coordinates of the projection points and the coordinate azimuth of their connecting line in the well; 2) connecting the most favorable shape of the triangle orientation; 3) connecting the triangle field measurement; 4) connecting the triangle measurement internal processing; 5) connecting the triangle orientation measurement accuracy estimation.

2. The method for measuring the vertical shaft connection triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the ground coordinates and azimuth are transmitted to the orientation of the underground wire through the double triangle formed by the ground near-well point J1 and the plumb bobs X1, X2, X3 and the double triangle formed by the underground near-well point J2 and the projection points X1', X2', X3' of the plumb bob in the well.

3. The method for measuring the vertical shaft connection triangle according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2), the distance b between the suspension wires in the shaft should be as long as possible; and the two near-well points and the suspension wires tend to be in a straight line, and the distance ratios of b1 / a1, b2 / a1, b3 / a2, and b3 / a3 should be less than 1.5, and a is the shortest distance from the near-well point to the suspension wire.

4. The method for measuring the shaft connection triangle according to claim 3, characterized in that The step 3) further includes the following steps: (1) placing a total station above and below the well for simultaneous observation; the difference in the distance between the two steel wires measured above and below the well should be less than 2 mm; (2) The two plumb lines suspended in the shaft form a shaft surface. The intersection of this vertical surface and any horizontal surface maintains the same direction, so that continuous measurement can be carried out above and below the shaft. (3) Install a bracket at the wellhead, install a hand winch, a directional board, and a guide scooter on the bracket, hang a small hammer on the lower end of the steel wire, lower the steel wire to the bottom of the well by the hand winch, and then replace it with a heavy hammer. Put the heavy hammers at the lower ends of the two steel wires into the oil barrels filled with heavy oil respectively; after the steel wire is lowered, the suspended plumb line should be in a free swinging state, and the steel wire should not touch any object in the wellbore. The free suspension inspection of the plumb line in the wellbore is carried out simultaneously by the signal circle method and the distance ratio method; (4) After checking that the steel wire is lowered correctly, a distance measuring reflector is attached to each steel wire above and below the well. The reflector should be located more than 1m below the alignment plate above the well and more than 1m above the top of the pendant in the well; (5) For well connection measurement, first set up a total station at point J1 on the well, paste matching reflectors on three steel wires, use the total station to measure the horizontal distances SJ1X1, SJ1X1 and SJ1X1 from the near-well point J1 to each vertical line, and use the directional observation method to measure the vertical line angles LX2-X1 and LX1-X3. Each time, three independent measurements are taken, and each measurement is read three times. The difference between each measurement should meet the requirements of the specification. (6) Downhole connection measurement: the steps are the same as those for uphole connection measurement.

5. The method for measuring the vertical shaft connection triangle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The signal method is to make a small loop with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm on the ground with iron wire, put it on the steel wire, and then lower it to see whether the directional level can be achieved.

6. The method for measuring the vertical shaft connection triangle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance comparison method is to check by comparing the distance between the two plumb lines above and below the well; if the difference between the distances between the two plumb lines measured above and below the well is not greater than 2 mm, it is considered to be freely suspended.

7. The method for measuring the vertical shaft connection triangle according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: In step 4), the internal processing of the connection triangle measurement is divided into two parts. The first part is to solve the unknown elements of the connection triangle and check them; the second part is to calculate the azimuth of each side and the coordinates of each point according to the general wire method; The connected triangles are calculated as follows: Side length calculation: Use the formula to calculate c(1,2) c 2 Count = a 2 +b 2 -2abcosα The side length well distance measurement does not match the value: d = c measurement - c calculation Side length correction: The following correction factors can be added to the measured side lengths a, b and c to eliminate the difference. Angle calculation: Use trigonometric theorem to calculate γ(1,2,3) and δ(1,2,3) using the corrected side length. Angle correction: The sum of the three internal angles of the connected triangle should be equal to 180°; generally, they can be closed. If there is still a small residual, it can be evenly distributed in γ and δ; The underground connection triangle adjustment is the same as above.

8. The method for measuring the vertical shaft connection triangle according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 5), when the coordinate azimuth is transmitted to the well through the shaft connection triangle method, the error of the starting coordinate azimuth of the well conductor can be expressed by the following formula: Where: (m0) s ——Error in calculating angle caused by error in measuring side length; (m0) β ——The influence of angle observation error; (m0) p ——The influence of the error in the drop point of the hanging hammer. When the shapes of the ground and underground connection triangles are similar, the total orientation error of the connection triangle is: Where: m s ——Error in ranging; m——mean error in ground observation direction; m′——mean error in downhole observation direction; e——Wire casting point and line quantity error.

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