Three-dimensional crustal stress measuring instrument and method suitable for horizontal and vertical drilling

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional crustal stress measuring instrument and method suitable for horizontal and vertical drilling, and belongs to the technical field of crustal stress measurement. A three-dimensional ground stress measuring instrument suitable for horizontal and vertical drilling comprises a control monitoring mechanism, a measuring mechanism and a bonding mechanism which are arranged in sequence. A telescopic water removal mechanism is arranged in the control monitoring mechanism, the telescopic water removal mechanism comprises a telescopic driving unit, the telescopic driving unit is connected with a water absorption sleeve, a drying pipe and an air suction pipe are arranged in the water absorption sleeve, and the outer side of the water absorption sleeve is sleeved with a water absorption ring. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a method based on the instrument, the three-dimensional crustal stress measuring instrument and method suitable for horizontal and vertical drilling are adopted, residual water in the measuring hole is removed through the telescopic water removal mechanism, reliable bonding of a resin solid inclusion and the measuring hole is facilitated, limitation of the drilling angle is avoided, and the measuring accuracy is improved. The method can be suitable for three-dimensional crustal stress measurement of horizontal and vertical drill holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of in-situ stress measurement, and particularly to a three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument and method applicable to horizontal and vertical boreholes. Background Art

[0002] In-situ stress is the fundamental acting force that causes deformation and failure of various underground or open-pit geotechnical excavation projects such as mining, railway tunnels, water conservancy and hydropower projects, and national defense projects. Accurately grasping the in-situ stress state of the project area is a necessary prerequisite for determining the properties of engineering rock masses, analyzing the stability of surrounding rocks, and realizing the scientific design and decision-making of geotechnical engineering excavation. For the measurement of in-situ stress, dozens of measurement methods and devices have been developed and applied so far. Among these in-situ stress measurement methods, the stress relief method is the most widely used measurement method at present, and it is also a measurement method with relatively mature measurement technology and calculation theory, which can obtain the three-dimensional in-situ stress state of the measurement point through single-point measurement. However, traditional stress relief techniques are usually applied to horizontal boreholes in tunnels or roadways, but it is difficult to apply them to vertical boreholes (more than one thousand meters deep below the surface) saturated with deep groundwater. This is mainly because the method of pasting strain gauges in water has not been established, the water in the vertical deep boreholes affects the installation of stress measurement devices, and the strain or deformation data transmission system continuously monitored by cables is difficult to apply to vertical deep boreholes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument and method applicable to horizontal and vertical boreholes to solve the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical boreholes, including a control and monitoring mechanism, a measurement mechanism, and a bonding mechanism arranged in sequence; A telescopic water removal mechanism is arranged in the control and monitoring mechanism. The telescopic water removal mechanism includes a telescopic driving unit, the telescopic driving unit is connected with a water absorption sleeve, a drying pipe and an air suction pipe are arranged in the water absorption sleeve, and a water absorption ring is sleeved outside the water absorption sleeve.

[0005] Preferably, the bonding mechanism includes a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is detachably provided with a guide cone, a pressure sensor is arranged at the top of the guide cone, the other end of the guide rod is connected with a pressing plate, the pressing plate is connected with an annular bonding resin capsule, and the pressing plate is connected with a guide post, and the guide post passes through the middle of the annular bonding resin capsule and is arranged in the measurement mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the measurement mechanism includes a resin solid inclusion embedded with strain gauges and temperature sensors. There are eight strain gauges, a guide hole is arranged in the resin solid inclusion, the guide post is arranged in the guide hole, and a limiting ring is arranged at the outlet end of the guide hole.

[0007] Preferably, the control and monitoring mechanism includes a housing, in which a controller, a data recorder, and an inclinometer are arranged. The inclinometer, pressure sensor, strain gauge, and temperature sensor are all electrically connected to the data recorder, and the data recorder is electrically connected to the controller.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic driving unit includes a telescopic cylinder. The telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder is connected to the water absorption sleeve. One end of the water absorption sleeve is connected to a negative pressure device, and the negative pressure device is connected to the water storage bin inside the water absorption sleeve. The drying pipe and the air suction pipe are circumferentially distributed inside the water absorption sleeve and are arranged alternately. The drying pipe is connected to a hair dryer, and a heater is arranged inside the hair dryer. The air suction pipe is connected to the air inlet end of the hair dryer through a drying pipe, and the drying pipe is filled with a desiccant; The telescopic cylinder, the negative pressure device, and the hair dryer are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0009] Preferably, the water absorption ring is made of water absorption sponge.

[0010] Preferably, a puncturing mechanism is arranged inside the water absorption sleeve. The puncturing mechanism includes a puncturing column. The side of the puncturing column is slidably arranged inside the water absorption sleeve through a slider. The top of the puncturing column is arranged on a mounting plate through a spring. The mounting plate is arranged inside the water absorption sleeve. An electromagnet is arranged on the side opposite to the top of the puncturing column, and the electromagnet is electrically connected to the controller.

[0011] Based on the above method of a three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling, the specific steps are as follows: Step S1: Drill a basic hole for the equipment to travel and operate at the measurement position; Step S2: Drill a measurement hole for measurement at the bottom position of the basic hole; Step S3: Clean the basic hole and the measurement hole through a water cleaning device, and pump out the excess water through a ground negative pressure pump; Step S4: Lower the three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument. Adjust the lowering device according to the data of the inclinometer so that the guiding cone of the guiding rod enters the measurement hole. Then, the annular bonded resin capsule and the resin solid inclusion enter the measurement hole in sequence. When the guiding cone of the guiding rod touches the bottom, stop lowering after the pressure sensor detects a pressure change; Step S5: Remove the residual water in the measurement hole through the telescopic water removal mechanism; Step S6: Continue to lower the three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument so that the extrusion plate extrudes the annular bonded resin capsule, and start the puncturing mechanism to puncture the annular bonded resin capsule. Then, the telescopic water removal mechanism returns to the initial position. The bonding resin in the annular bonded resin capsule enters the gap between the resin solid inclusion and the measurement hole. After lowering to the set position, stand still for a set time to make the liquid bonding resin solidify; Step S7: Use a releasing device to release the rock around the measurement hole, and simultaneously collect the data of the strain gauges and temperature sensors in real time. Calculate the in-situ stress based on the data of the strain gauges and temperature sensors.

[0012] Preferably, the specific process of step S5 is as follows: The telescopic cylinder extends to make the water absorption sleeve extend, and at the same time, start the negative pressure device to suck the water in the measurement hole into the water storage bin, and use the wiping method with the water absorption ring to suck the water on the inner wall of the measurement hole. After the water absorption sleeve reaches the bottom, start the hair dryer to dry the measurement hole, and the telescopic cylinder contracts to the position at the bottom end of the resin solid inclusion at a set speed.

[0013] Preferably, when the puncturing mechanism punctures the annular bonding resin capsule, the controller provides a positive current to the electromagnet, so that the puncturing column overcomes the spring force and extends out of the water absorption sleeve to puncture the annular bonding resin capsule. After puncturing, the controller provides a reverse current to the electromagnet, and the puncturing column retracts into the water absorption sleeve, and at the same time, the telescopic cylinder contracts to the initial position.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument and method applicable to horizontal and vertical drill holes, and has the beneficial effects that: the residual water in the measurement hole is removed by the telescopic water removal mechanism, which is convenient for the reliable bonding of the subsequent resin solid inclusion and the measurement hole, and is not limited by the drilling angle, and can be applied to the three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement of horizontal and vertical drill holes.

[0015] Next, through the drawings and embodiments, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the method of the three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drill holes of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an internal structural schematic diagram of the method of the three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drill holes of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the telescopic water removal mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the telescopic water removal mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the puncturing mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] Reference Signs 1. Control and monitoring mechanism; 11. Housing; 12. Controller; 13. Data recorder; 14. Inclinometer; 2. Measuring mechanism; 21. Resin solid inclusion; 211. Guide hole; 22. Limit ring; 3. Bonding mechanism; 31. Guide cone; 32. Guide rod; 33. Pressure sensor; 34. Extrusion plate; 35. Annular bonding resin capsule; 36. Guide post; 4. Telescopic water removal mechanism; 41. Telescopic cylinder; 42. Water absorption sleeve; 43. Drying pipe; 44. Air suction pipe; 45. Water absorption ring; 46. Negative pressure device; 47. Water storage bin; 48. Hair dryer; 49. Drying tube; 5. Piercing mechanism; 51. Piercing column; 52. Slide block; 53. Spring; 54. Mounting plate; 55. Electromagnet. Detailed implementation mode

[0018] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present invention is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0019] The following will describe in detail the implementation mode of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0020] As Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, a three-dimensional in-situ stress measuring instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling includes a control and monitoring mechanism 1, a measuring mechanism 2, and a bonding mechanism 3 arranged in sequence.

[0021] The measuring mechanism 2 includes a resin solid inclusion 21 embedded with strain gauges and temperature sensors. There are eight strain gauges, and the same arrangement of strain gauges as in the prior art is adopted, which will not be described in detail here.

[0022] The bonding mechanism 3 includes a guide rod 32. One end of the guide rod 32 is detachably provided with a guide cone 31. A pressure sensor 33 is arranged at the top of the guide cone 31. The other end of the guide rod 32 is connected with an extrusion plate 34. The extrusion plate 34 is connected with an annular bonding resin capsule 35. The extrusion plate 34 is connected with a guide post 36. The guide post 36 passes through the middle of the annular bonding resin capsule 35. A guide hole 211 is arranged in the resin solid inclusion 21. The guide post 36 is arranged in the guide hole 211. A limit ring 22 is arranged at the outlet end of the guide hole 211 to prevent the guide post 36 from falling out of the guide hole 211, so as to keep linear motion during the bottom-touching extrusion process.

[0023] In order to be applicable to the in-situ stress detection of vertical deep holes, a telescopic water removal mechanism 4 is arranged in the control and monitoring mechanism 1 to remove the residual water in the measurement hole. As Figure 3 - Figure 4 shown, the telescopic water removal mechanism 4 includes a telescopic driving unit. The telescopic driving unit is connected with a water absorption sleeve 42. A drying pipe 43 and an air suction pipe 44 are arranged in the water absorption sleeve 42. A water absorption ring 45 is sleeved outside the water absorption sleeve 42. In this embodiment, the material of the water absorption ring 45 is water absorption sponge. The telescopic driving unit includes a telescopic cylinder 41 for driving the water absorption sleeve 42 to move. The telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder 41 is connected with the water absorption sleeve 42. One end of the water absorption sleeve 42 is connected with a negative pressure device 46. The negative pressure device 46 is connected with a water storage bin 47 in the water absorption sleeve 42 to pump out the water in the measurement hole and store it in the water storage bin 47. The drying pipe 43 and the air suction pipe 44 are circumferentially distributed in the water absorption sleeve 42 and are arranged in a staggered manner. The drying pipe 43 is connected with a hair dryer 48. A heater is arranged in the hair dryer 48. The air suction pipe 44 is connected with the air inlet end of the hair dryer 48 through a drying pipe 49. The drying pipe 49 is filled with a desiccant to absorb the water vapor in the air flow.

[0024] The control and monitoring mechanism 1 includes a housing 11. A controller 12, a data recorder 13 and an inclinometer 14 are arranged in the housing 11. The inclinometer 14, the pressure sensor 33, the strain gauge and the temperature sensor are all electrically connected with the data recorder 13. The data recorder 13 is electrically connected with the controller 12. The telescopic cylinder 41, the negative pressure device 46 and the hair dryer 48 are all electrically connected with the controller 12 to realize the control of the corresponding components.

[0025] In order to make the annular bonding resin capsule 35 rupture quickly, a puncturing mechanism 5 is arranged in the water absorption sleeve 42. As Figure 5 shown, the puncturing mechanism 5 includes a puncturing column 51. The side of the puncturing column 51 is slidably arranged on the inner side of the water absorption sleeve 42 through a slider 52. The top of the puncturing column 51 is arranged on a mounting plate 54 through a spring 53. The mounting plate 54 is arranged in the water absorption sleeve 42. An electromagnet 55 is arranged on the side opposite to the top of the puncturing column 51 on the mounting plate 54. The electromagnet 55 is electrically connected with the controller 12.

[0026] Based on the above method for three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instruments applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling, the specific steps are as follows: Step S1: Drill a basic hole for the equipment to travel and operate at the measurement location.

[0027] Step S2: Drill a measurement hole for measurement at the bottom position of the basic hole.

[0028] Step S3: Clean the basic hole and the measurement hole through the water cleaning device, and pump out the excess water through the on-ground negative pressure pump.

[0029] Step S4: Lower the three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument. Adjust the lowering device through the data of the inclinometer 14 so that the guiding cone 31 of the guiding rod 32 enters the measurement hole. Then, the annular bonded resin capsule 35 and the resin solid inclusion 21 enter the measurement hole in sequence. When the guiding cone 31 of the guiding rod 32 touches the bottom, stop lowering after the pressure sensor 33 detects a pressure change.

[0030] Step S5: Remove the residual water in the measurement hole through the telescopic water removal mechanism 4. The telescopic cylinder 41 extends to make the water absorption sleeve 42 extend, and at the same time, start the negative pressure device 46 to suck the water in the measurement hole into the water storage bin 47, and use the water absorption ring 45 to wipe the water on the inner wall of the measurement hole. After the water absorption sleeve 42 reaches the bottom, start the hair dryer 48 to dry the measurement hole, and the telescopic cylinder 41 contracts to the bottom position of the resin solid inclusion 21 at the set speed.

[0031] Step S6: Continue to lower the three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument so that the extrusion plate 34 extrudes the annular bonded resin capsule 35, and start the piercing mechanism 5 to pierce the annular bonded resin capsule 35. After that, the telescopic water removal mechanism 4 returns to the initial position. When the piercing mechanism 5 pierces the annular bonded resin capsule 35, the controller 12 provides a positive current to the electromagnet 55, so that the piercing column 51 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 53 and extends out of the water absorption sleeve 42 to pierce the annular bonded resin capsule 35. After piercing, the controller 12 provides a reverse current to the electromagnet 55, and the piercing column 51 retracts into the water absorption sleeve 42. At the same time, the telescopic cylinder 41 contracts to the initial position.

[0032] The bonding resin in the annular bonded resin capsule 35 enters the gap between the resin solid inclusion 21 and the measurement hole, and stays at the set position for the set time to make the liquid bonding resin solidify.

[0033] Step S7: Release the rock around the measurement hole through the release device, and at the same time, collect the data of the strain gauge and the temperature sensor in real time, and calculate the three-dimensional in-situ stress through the data of the strain gauge and the temperature sensor.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions of the present invention or make equivalent replacements, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling, characterized in that: It includes a control and monitoring mechanism, a measuring mechanism, and a bonding mechanism arranged in sequence; A telescopic water removal mechanism is arranged in the control and monitoring mechanism. The telescopic water removal mechanism includes a telescopic driving unit. The telescopic driving unit is connected with a water absorption sleeve. A drying pipe and a suction air pipe are arranged in the water absorption sleeve. A water absorption ring is sleeved outside the water absorption sleeve.

2. The three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling according to claim 1, wherein: The bonding mechanism includes a guide rod. One end of the guide rod is detachably provided with a guide cone. A pressure sensor is arranged at the top of the guide cone. The other end of the guide rod is connected with a pressing plate. The pressing plate is connected with an annular bonding resin capsule. The pressing plate is connected with a guide post. The guide post passes through the middle of the annular bonding resin capsule and is arranged in the measuring mechanism.

3. The three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measuring mechanism includes a resin solid inclusion embedded with strain gauges and temperature sensors. There are eight strain gauges. A guide hole is arranged in the resin solid inclusion. The guide post is arranged in the guide hole. A limiting ring is arranged at the outlet end of the guide hole.

4. The three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control and monitoring mechanism includes a housing. A controller, a data recorder, and an inclinometer are arranged in the housing. The inclinometer, the pressure sensor, the strain gauges, and the temperature sensors are all electrically connected to the data recorder. The data recorder is electrically connected to the controller.

5. A three-dimensional in-situ stress measuring instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling, as claimed in claim 4, wherein: The telescopic driving unit includes a telescopic cylinder. The telescopic end of the telescopic cylinder is connected with the water absorption sleeve. One end of the water absorption sleeve is connected with a negative pressure device. The negative pressure device is connected with a water storage bin in the water absorption sleeve. The drying pipe and the suction air pipe are circumferentially distributed in the water absorption sleeve and are arranged alternately. The drying pipe is connected with a hair dryer. A heater is arranged in the hair dryer. The suction air pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the hair dryer through a drying pipe. A desiccant is filled in the drying pipe; The telescopic cylinder, the negative pressure device, and the hair dryer are all electrically connected to the controller.

6. The three-dimensional in-situ stress measuring instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water absorption ring is made of water absorption sponge.

7. The three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling according to claim 6, characterized in that: A puncturing mechanism is arranged in the water absorption sleeve. The puncturing mechanism includes a puncturing column. The side of the puncturing column is slidably arranged on the inner side of the water absorption sleeve through a slider. The top of the puncturing column is arranged on a mounting plate through a spring. The mounting plate is arranged in the water absorption sleeve. An electromagnet is arranged on the side opposite to the top of the puncturing column on the mounting plate. The electromagnet is electrically connected to the controller.

8. A method for a three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling, as claimed in claim 7, wherein The specific steps are as follows: Step S1: Drill a basic hole for the equipment to travel and operate at the measuring position; Step S2: Drill a measuring hole for measurement at the bottom position of the basic hole; Step S3: Clean the basic hole and the measuring hole through a water cleaning device, and pump out the excess water through a ground negative pressure pump; Step S4: Lower the three-dimensional in-situ stress measuring instrument. Adjust the lowering device through the data of the inclinometer so that the guide cone of the guide rod enters the measuring hole. Then the annular bonding resin capsule and the resin solid inclusion enter the measuring hole in sequence. When the guide cone of the guide rod touches the bottom, stop lowering after the pressure sensor detects a pressure change; Step S5: Remove the residual water in the measuring hole through the telescopic water removal mechanism; Step S6: Continue to lower the three-dimensional in-situ stress measuring instrument so that the pressing plate presses the annular bonding resin capsule. After starting the puncturing mechanism to puncture the annular bonding resin capsule, the telescopic water removal mechanism returns to the initial position. The bonding resin in the annular bonding resin capsule enters the gap between the resin solid inclusion and the measuring hole. After lowering to the set position, stand still for the set time to make the liquid bonding resin solidify; Step S7: Release the rock around the measurement hole by means of a releasing device, and simultaneously collect the data of the strain gauges and temperature sensors in real time, and calculate the three-dimensional in-situ stress based on the data of the strain gauges and temperature sensors.

9. A method for a three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling, as claimed in claim 8, wherein The specific process of Step S5 is as follows: The telescopic cylinder extends to make the water absorption sleeve extend, and at the same time, the negative pressure device is started to suck the water in the measurement hole into the water storage bin, and the water on the inner wall of the measurement hole is sucked by means of wiping with the water absorption ring. After the water absorption sleeve reaches the bottom, the hair dryer is started to dry the measurement hole, and the telescopic cylinder contracts to the bottom position of the resin solid inclusion at the set speed.

10. A method for a three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement instrument applicable to horizontal and vertical drilling, characterized in that, When the puncturing mechanism punctures the annular bonding resin capsule, the controller provides a positive current to the electromagnet, so that the puncturing column extends out of the water absorption sleeve against the spring force to puncture the annular bonding resin capsule. After puncturing, the controller provides a reverse current to the electromagnet, and the puncturing column retracts into the water absorption sleeve. At the same time, the telescopic cylinder contracts to the initial position.

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