Light emitting device and electronic device and consumer article including same

Abstract

Provided are a light-emitting device, and an electronic device and a consumer article each including the light-emitting device, where the light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an intermediate layer that may be located between the first electrode and the second electrode and may include an emission layer, wherein the intermediate layer may include m emission units and m-1 charge generation units located between two adjacent emission units of the m emission units, m may be an integer of at least 2, and at least one of the m emission units may include a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may satisfy inequality 1: [inequality 1] Von2-Von1 < = 0.2 V.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10 - 2023 - 0193389, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on December 27, 2023, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical field

[0003] One or more embodiments relate to a light - emitting device, and an electronic device and a consumer product each including the light - emitting device. Background art

[0004] Among light - emitting devices, an organic light - emitting device is a self - emitting device that has a wide viewing angle, high contrast, short response time, and excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0005] An organic light - emitting device may have a structure in which a first electrode may be located on a substrate, and a hole - transport region, an emission layer, an electron - transport region, and a second electrode may be sequentially formed on the first electrode. Holes provided by the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole - transport region, and electrons provided by the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron - transport region. Charge carriers such as holes and electrons may recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons. These excitons may transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light. Summary of the invention

[0006] One or more embodiments include a light - emitting device having a reduced leakage current (e.g., lateral leakage current) and improved efficiency, color purity, and service - life characteristics inside the light - emitting device, and an electronic device and a consumer product each including the light - emitting device.

[0007] Other aspects will be partly set forth in the following description and will partly be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0008] According to one or more embodiments, a light - emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an intermediate layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode,

[0009] wherein the intermediate layer may include m emission units and m - 1 charge - generation units located between two adjacent emission units among the m emission units,

[0010] m may be an integer of at least 2,

[0011] at least one of the m emission units may include a first sub - pixel and a second sub - pixel, and

[0012] The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may satisfy Inequality 1:

[0013] [Inequality 1]

[0014] V on2 -V on1 ≤0.2V

[0015] Wherein, in Inequality 1,

[0016] V on1 may be the turn-on voltage of the first sub-pixel,

[0017] V on2 may be the turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel,

[0018] The turn-on voltage of the first sub-pixel may be the voltage applied to the first sub-pixel when the luminance of the first sub-pixel is 1 nit, and

[0019] The turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel may be the voltage applied to the second sub-pixel when the luminance of the second sub-pixel is 1 nit.

[0020] The maximum emission wavelength of the first sub-pixel may be longer than the maximum emission wavelength of the second sub-pixel.

[0021] The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may satisfy the Inequality 2 of V on2 -V on1 <0.2V.

[0022] The distance between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may be about 10 μm to about 35 μm.

[0023] At least one of the m emission units may further include a third sub-pixel, and the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel may satisfy the Inequality 3 of V on3 -V on2 ≤0.2V. In Inequality 3, V on2 may be the turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel, V on3 may be the turn-on voltage of the third sub-pixel. The turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel may be the voltage applied to the second sub-pixel when the luminance of the second sub-pixel is 1 nit, and the turn-on voltage of the third sub-pixel may be the voltage applied to the third sub-pixel when the luminance of the third sub-pixel is 1 nit.

[0024] The maximum emission wavelength of the second sub-pixel may be longer than the maximum emission wavelength of the third sub-pixel.

[0025] The first sub-pixel may be a red sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel may be a green sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel may be a blue sub-pixel.

[0026] The m emission units may each include a first emission unit and a second emission unit. The first emission unit may include a first light-emitting region, the second emission unit may include a second light-emitting region. The first light-emitting region and the second light-emitting region may respectively include the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel. The m - 1 charge generation units may include a first charge generation unit, and the first charge generation unit may include a first n-type charge generation layer and a first p-type charge generation layer.

[0027] The first emission unit may further include a first hole transport region between the first electrode and the first light-emitting region. The first hole transport region and the first p-type charge generation layer may each include a charge generation dopant, and the charge generation dopant may satisfy the inequality 11 of LUMO(CGD) < -5.0 eV. In the inequality 11, LUMO(CGD) may be the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the charge generation dopant.

[0028] The first hole transport region may include a first hole injection layer in direct contact with the first electrode, and the content of the charge generation dopant in the first hole injection layer may be at least twice the content of the charge generation dopant in the first p-type charge generation layer.

[0029] The first hole transport region may include a first hole injection layer in direct contact with the first electrode, and the thickness of the first hole injection layer may be at least twice the thickness of the first p-type charge generation layer of the first charge generation unit.

[0030] The first sub-pixel of the second light-emitting region may include a second red emission layer, the second sub-pixel of the second light-emitting region may include a second green emission layer, and the second light-emitting region may further include a second emission auxiliary layer in direct contact with the second red emission layer.

[0031] The second emission auxiliary layer may be in direct contact with the first p-type charge generation layer.

[0032] The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may each include an emission layer, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and based on the weight of the emission layer, the content of the host may be greater than the content of the dopant.

[0033] The dopant may be a fluorescent dopant, a phosphorescent dopant, a delayed fluorescence dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0034] Each of the m light-emitting units may further include a hole transport region and / or an electron transport region. The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an emission assist layer, and an electron blocking layer, and the electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

[0035] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device may include a light-emitting device.

[0036] The electronic device may further include a thin film transistor, the thin film transistor may include a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to at least one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

[0037] According to one or more embodiments, a consumer product (e.g., an electronic device) may include the light-emitting device.

[0038] The consumer product may be a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a video camera, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall having a plurality of displays spliced together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a light therapy device, or a signboard. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent, in which:

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0041] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0043] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0044] Figure 5Shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0045] Figure 6 Is a schematic perspective view of an electronic device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0046] Figure 7 Is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle as an electronic device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

[0047] Figures 8A to 8C Is a schematic diagram of the interior of a vehicle according to various embodiments. Detailed Description

[0048] In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments or implementations of the present disclosure. As used herein, "embodiment" and "implementation" are interchangeable terms that are non-limiting examples of the devices or methods disclosed herein. However, it will be apparent that the various embodiments may be practiced without these specific details, or may be practiced with one or more equivalent arrangements. Here, the various embodiments are not necessarily exclusive and do not limit the present disclosure. For example, the specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of an embodiment may be used or implemented in another embodiment.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the described embodiments are to be understood as providing features of the present inventive concept. Thus, unless otherwise specified, without departing from the inventive concept, the features, components, modules, layers, films, panels, regions, and / or aspects, etc. (hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as "elements") of the various embodiments may be otherwise combined, separated, interchanged, and / or rearranged.

[0050] The use of cross-hatching and / or shading is generally provided in the drawings to clarify the boundaries between adjacent elements. Thus, the presence or absence of cross-hatching or shading does not express or indicate any preference or requirement for a particular material, material property, size, ratio, commonality between the illustrated elements, and / or any other characteristics, attributes, properties, etc. of the elements, unless specified. Further, in the drawings, for clarity and / or descriptive purposes, the dimensions and relative dimensions of elements may be enlarged. When an embodiment can be implemented differently, the specific process order may be performed differently from the described order. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously or in an order opposite to the described order. Additionally, the same reference numerals and / or reference symbols denote the same elements.

[0051] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly coupled to the other element or layer, or there can be intervening elements or layers. However, when an element or layer is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers. For this reason, the term "connected" can refer to physical connection, electrical connection, and / or fluid connection, with or without intervening elements. In addition, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are not limited to the three axes of a rectangular coordinate system, such as the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis can be perpendicular to each other, or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other.

[0052] For the purposes of this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can be interpreted as only A, only B, or any combination of A and B. In addition, "at least one of X, Y, and Z" and "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z" can be interpreted as only X, only Y, only Z, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any combination and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0053] Although terms such as "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various types of elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, the first element discussed below can be referred to as the second element without departing from the teachings of this disclosure.

[0054] Spatial relative terms such as "beneath," "below," "under," "lower," "above," "on," "over," "higher," "side" (e.g., as in "sidewall") etc. may be used herein for descriptive purposes and, thereby, to describe the relationship of one element to another as illustrated in the figures. Spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use, operation, and / or manufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, an element described as "beneath" or "below" another element or feature would then be oriented "above" the other element or feature. Thus, the term "beneath" can encompass both an orientation above and below. In addition, the device may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and so, the spatial relative descriptors used herein are to be interpreted accordingly.

[0055] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Additionally, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes" and / or "including" when used in this specification specify the presence of the stated feature, integer, step, operation, element, component, and / or group thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms "substantially", "about" and other similar terms are used as approximate terms and not as terms of degree, and as such, are used to interpret the inherent deviations in measured, calculated, and / or provided values that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0056] Reference cross-sectional illustrations and / or exploded illustrations are described herein for various embodiments, the cross-sectional illustrations and / or exploded illustrations being schematic illustrations of the embodiments and / or intermediate structures. As such, variations in the shapes of the illustrations due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances are to be expected. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed herein should not necessarily be construed as limited to the specific illustrated shapes of regions, but should include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. In this manner, the regions illustrated in the figures may be schematic in nature, and the shapes of these regions may not reflect the actual shapes of regions of the device, and as such, are not necessarily intended to be limiting.

[0057] As is conventional in the art, some embodiments are described and illustrated in the drawings with respect to functional blocks, units, and / or modules. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these blocks, units, and / or modules are physically implemented by electronic (or optical) circuits (e.g., logic circuits), discrete components, microprocessors, hardwired circuits, memory elements, wiring connections, etc., which may be formed using semiconductor-based manufacturing techniques or other manufacturing techniques. In cases where the blocks, units, and / or modules are implemented by a microprocessor or other similar hardware, they may be programmed and controlled using software (e.g., microcode) to perform the various functions discussed herein, and may optionally be driven by firmware and / or software. It is also contemplated that each block, unit, and / or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or a combination of dedicated hardware performing some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuits) performing other functions. Additionally, without departing from the scope of the inventive concept, each block, unit, and / or module of some embodiments may be physically divided into two or more interacting and discrete blocks, units, and / or modules. Additionally, without departing from the scope of the inventive concept, the blocks, units, and / or modules of some embodiments may be physically combined into more complex blocks, units, and / or modules.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined or implied herein, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It should be further understood that terms (such as those defined in common dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0059] A light-emitting device according to one aspect may include a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an intermediate layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode,

[0060] wherein the intermediate layer may include m emission units; and m - 1 charge generation units located between two adjacent emission units among the m emission units,

[0061] m may be an integer of 2 or greater than 2,

[0062] At least one of the m emission units may include a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, and

[0063] The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may satisfy Inequality 1:

[0064] [Inequality 1]

[0065] V on2 -V on1≤0.2V

[0066] Among them, in Inequality 1,

[0067] V on1 can be the turn-on voltage of the first sub-pixel,

[0068] V on2 can be the turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel,

[0069] The turn-on voltage of the first sub-pixel can be the voltage applied to the first sub-pixel when the luminance of the first sub-pixel is 1 nit, and

[0070] The turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel can be the voltage applied to the second sub-pixel when the luminance of the second sub-pixel is 1 nit.

[0071] Generally, in the case of a light-emitting device including two or more sub-pixels, it may be desirable to control the lateral leakage current between each sub-pixel to prevent its occurrence. The lateral leakage current between the sub-pixels of the light-emitting device can be represented by Equation L:

[0072] [Equation L]

[0073]

[0074] (V: voltage, R: resistance, ρ: resistivity, L: distance between sub-pixels, A: area).

[0075] Referring to Equation L, it can be seen that the lateral leakage current can be reduced by increasing the sub-pixel pitch. However, as the sub-pixel pitch increases, there may be disadvantages in terms of aperture ratio, and it may have a negative impact on the service life of the light-emitting device. Therefore, in order to achieve a high-quality light-emitting device, it may be desirable to configure the light-emitting device to reduce the lateral leakage current while maintaining the sub-pixel pitch within a certain range.

[0076] In the light-emitting device according to the embodiment, when the turn-on voltages of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel satisfy the relationship of Inequality 1 to minimize the gap in the turn-on voltage of the device, even if there is a certain amount of leakage current, when the second sub-pixel is turned on due to the same level of turn-on voltage, color mixing can be prevented by minimizing the turn-on of the first sub-pixel. When the resistivity in the lateral direction is increased while maintaining the sub-pixel pitch within a certain range, the lateral leakage current between the sub-pixels can be reduced, thereby preventing the color mixing phenomenon of the light-emitting device and improving color purity, luminous efficiency, and service life.

[0077] The specific range of resistivity in the lateral direction can vary according to each layer included in the light-emitting device. For example, in the light-emitting device according to an embodiment, based on a single layer having a pixel pitch of about 20 μm, the resistivity of the hole injection layer (e.g., the first hole injection layer or the p-type charge injection layer (pHIL)) can be 10 4 Ωm or greater than 10 4 Ωm, the resistivity of the n-type charge generation layer can be 10 6 Ωm or greater than 10 6 Ωm, and the resistivity of the p-type charge generation layer can be 10 3 Ωm or greater than 10 3 Ωm. When this range is satisfied, the light-emitting device according to the embodiment can prevent color mixing phenomena and improve color purity, luminous efficiency, and service life.

[0078] In the light-emitting device according to the embodiment, the turn-on voltage, that is, the driving voltage at a luminance of 1 nit, rather than the driving voltage at high luminance (which can generally be the required luminance of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel), can satisfy the relationship of Inequality 1, thereby preventing color mixing phenomena in the light-emitting device at low gray levels and improving color purity and luminous efficiency. Therefore, the light-emitting device according to the embodiment can exhibit excellent images even at low gray levels and / or extremely low luminances.

[0079] According to an embodiment, the maximum emission wavelength of the first sub-pixel can be longer than the maximum emission wavelength of the second sub-pixel.

[0080] According to an embodiment, the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel can satisfy Inequality 2:

[0081] [Inequality 2]

[0082] V on2 -V on1 <0.2V.

[0083] According to an embodiment, the distance between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may be from about 10 μm to about 35 μm. For example, the distance between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel may be from about 12 μm to about 30 μm. Within the above-described range, the lateral leakage current of the light-emitting device can be reduced, thereby preventing the color mixing phenomenon of the light-emitting device, and improving color purity, efficiency, and service life. For example, when the distance between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is less than about 10 μm, there may be physical difficulties in manufacturing the light-emitting device, and when the distance between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is greater than about 35 μm, the size of the sub-pixel must be reduced, which may significantly reduce (e.g., reduce by about 30% or more) the service life, and may also increase (e.g., increase by about 2 V or more) the driving voltage, which may significantly deteriorate the characteristics of the light-emitting device.

[0084] According to an embodiment, at least one of the m emission units may further include a third sub-pixel.

[0085] According to an embodiment, the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel may satisfy Inequality 3:

[0086] [Inequality 3]

[0087] V on3 -V on2 ≤0.2V

[0088] Wherein in Inequality 3,

[0089] V on2 may be the turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel,

[0090] V on3 may be the turn-on voltage of the third sub-pixel,

[0091] The turn-on voltage of the second sub-pixel may be the voltage applied to the second sub-pixel when the luminance of the second sub-pixel is 1 nit, and

[0092] The turn-on voltage of the third sub-pixel may be the voltage applied to the third sub-pixel when the luminance of the third sub-pixel is 1 nit.

[0093] According to an embodiment, the maximum emission wavelength of the second sub-pixel may be longer than the maximum emission wavelength of the third sub-pixel.

[0094] According to an embodiment, the distance between two adjacent sub-pixels among the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel may be from about 10 μm to about 35 μm. For example, the distance between two adjacent sub-pixels among the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel may be from about 12 μm to about 30 μm.

[0095] According to an embodiment, the first sub-pixel may be a red sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel may be a green sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel may be a blue sub-pixel.

[0096] According to an embodiment, the pixel defining layer may be located between two adjacent sub-pixels among the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel.

[0097] According to an embodiment, the pixel defining layer may have a surface shape such as an approximately flat structure, a concavo-convex structure, a trench structure, or a tapered structure.

[0098] According to an embodiment, the pixel defining layer may be formed as a single layer or a multi-layer.

[0099] According to an embodiment, the m emission units may include a first emission unit and a second emission unit.

[0100] According to an embodiment, the region where the emission layer may be disposed in each emission unit may be referred to as a light emitting region. For example, the first emission unit may include a first light emitting region, and the second emission unit may include a second light emitting region. Details regarding the emission layer may be the same as those described herein.

[0101] According to an embodiment, the first emission unit and the second emission unit may include a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, respectively.

[0102] According to an embodiment, the first emission unit may further include a first hole transport region located between the first electrode and the first light emitting region.

[0103] According to an embodiment, the first hole transport region may be adjacent to the first electrode.

[0104] According to an embodiment, the m - 1 charge generation units may include a first charge generation unit.

[0105] According to an embodiment, the first charge generation unit may include a first n-type charge generation layer and a first p-type charge generation layer.

[0106] According to an embodiment, the first hole transport region and the first p-type charge generation layer may each include a charge generation dopant.

[0107] According to an embodiment, the charge generation dopant may satisfy Inequality 11:

[0108] [Inequality 11]

[0109] LUMO(CGD) < -5.0eV

[0110] Wherein, in Inequality 11, LUMO(CGD) may be the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the charge generation dopant.

[0111] According to an embodiment, the charge generation dopant can be a compound represented by Formula 1:

[0112] [Formula 1]

[0113]

[0114] In Formula 1,

[0115] CY 11 can each be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10 substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, and

[0116] R 10 to R 12 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 arylthio group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2). R 10a and Q1 to Q3 can each be the same as described herein.

[0117] According to an embodiment, the charge generation dopant can be represented by any one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-6:

[0118] [Formula 1-1]

[0119]

[0120] [Formula 1-2]

[0121]

[0122] [Formula 1-3]

[0123]

[0124] [Formula 1-4]

[0125]

[0126] [Formula 1-5]

[0127]

[0128] [Formula 1-6]

[0129]

[0130] In Formulas 1-1 to 1-6,

[0131] R 11 and R 12 may be the same as those described herein,

[0132] X 11 and X 12 may each independently be C(R 13 ) or N,

[0133] Y1 and Y2 may each independently be C(E1)(E2), N(E1), O, S, Se, S(=O) or S(=O)2,

[0134] E1 and E2 may each independently be an electron-withdrawing group, and

[0135] R 13 、R 14 and R 101 to R 108 may each independently be the same as those described herein with respect to R 10 .

[0136] According to an embodiment, the electron-withdrawing group may be:

[0137] -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, or a cyano group;

[0138] C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C60 An alkoxy group, C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 A heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 An aryloxy group or C6-C 60 An arylthio group;

[0139] An unsubstituted or at least one R-substituted π-deficient C1-C 10a cyclic group; or 60 An unsubstituted or at least one R-substituted π-deficient C1-C

[0140] cyclic group-substituted C1-C 10a cyclic group; 60 An alkyl group, C2-C 60 An alkenyl group, C2-C 60 An alkynyl group, C1-C 60 An alkoxy group, C3-C 60 A carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 A heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 An aryloxy group or C6-C 60 An arylthio group. R 60 can be the same as described herein. 10a According to an embodiment, the term "π-deficient C1-C

[0141] cyclic group" can be: 60 A 5- to 7-membered hetero monocyclic group having at least one *-N=*' moiety,

[0142] a hetero polycyclic group in which two or more 5- to 7-membered hetero monocyclic groups having at least one *-N=*' moiety are fused to each other, or

[0143] a hetero polycyclic group in which at least one 5- to 7-membered hetero monocyclic group having at least one *-N=*' moiety is fused to at least one C5-C

[0144] carbocyclic group. 60 According to an embodiment, the charge generation dopant can each independently be one of Compounds CGP1 to CGP59:

[0145]

[0146]

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] ​

[0150] According to an embodiment, each of the charge generation dopants may not be F4-TCNQ.

[0151] According to an embodiment, the first hole transport region may include a first hole injection layer in direct contact with the first electrode, and the first hole injection layer may include a charge generation dopant.

[0152] According to an embodiment, at least one of the first hole transport region and the first p-type charge generation layer may further include a hole transport compound represented by Formula 2:

[0153] [Formula 2]

[0154]

[0155] In Formula 2,

[0156] X 21 may be O, S, Se, N(R 21 ), C(R 21 )(R 22 ), Si(R 21 )(R 22 ), Ge(R 21 )(R 22 ), C(=O), P(R 21 ), P(=O)(R 21 ) or S(=O)2,

[0157] CY 21 and CY 22 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 20 substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0158] L 21 may be a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, a21 may be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0159] Ar 21 and Ar 22 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0160] R 20 to R 22 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C6-C 60 arylthio group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0161] R 10a and Q1 to Q3 are each the same as described herein.

[0162] According to an embodiment, the hole transporting compound represented by Formula 2 may be represented by any one of Formulas 2-1 to 2-4:

[0163] [Formula 2-1]

[0164]

[0165] [Formula 2-2]

[0166]

[0167] [Formula 2-3]

[0168]

[0169] [Formula 2-4]

[0170]

[0171] In Formulas 2-1 to 2-4, X 21 , L 21 , a21, Ar 21 and Ar 22 may each be the same as described herein, and

[0172] R 23 to R 29 may each independently be the same as described herein for R 20 .

[0173] According to an embodiment, the hole transport compound represented by Formula 2 may be one of Compounds M1 to M33:

[0174]

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] According to an embodiment, the first hole transport region may include a first hole injection layer in direct contact with the first electrode, and the first hole injection layer may include a hole transport compound.

[0178] According to an embodiment, the second emission unit may further include a second emission assisting layer located between the second light emitting region and the first electrode.

[0179] According to an embodiment, the second emission assisting layer may contain a third compound represented by Formula 3:

[0180] [Formula 3]

[0181]

[0182] In Formula 3,

[0183] CY 31 and CY 32 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 30 substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0184] L 31 may be a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, a31 may be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0185] Ar 31 and Ar 32 may each independently be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, and

[0186] R 30 may be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C1-C 60 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C2-C 60 alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C2-C 60 alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C1-C 60 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C6-C 60 aryloxy group, an unsubstituted or R-substituted 10a C6-C 60 arylthio group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2).

[0187] R 10a may be:

[0188] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group or a nitro group;

[0189] each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O)2(Q 11 )、-P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or a C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 alkoxy group;

[0190] each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 )、-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group or C6-C 60 arylthio group; or

[0191] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q31 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and

[0192] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 、Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; a hydroxy group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C 60 alkyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group or any combination thereof-substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0193] According to an embodiment, the third compound represented by Formula 3 can be represented by Formula 3-1:

[0194] [Formula 3-1]

[0195]

[0196] In Formula 3-1,

[0197] L 31 , a31, Ar 31 and Ar 32 can each be the same as described herein,

[0198] X 31 can be C(R 31 )) or N, X 32 can be C(R 32 )) or N, X 33 can be C(R 33 )) or N, X 34 can be C(R 34 )) or N, X 35 can be C(R 35 )) or N, X 36 can be C(R 36 )) or N, X 37 can be C(R37 ) or N, and X 38 may be C(R 38 ) or N, and

[0199] R 31 to R 38 may each independently be the same as described herein for R 30 described.

[0200] In the prior art, a light-emitting device having a series structure including two or more than two emission units may have a problem in that leakage current in the lateral direction may be enhanced due to the introduction of a charge generation unit. For example, the luminous efficiency at low gray levels may be reduced and color mixing may occur, which may deteriorate the characteristics of the light-emitting device, such as image quality and the like.

[0201] The light-emitting device according to an embodiment may have a structure including two or more than two emission units and a charge generation unit, and by satisfying the above-described configuration, leakage current in the lateral direction and conductivity inside the light-emitting device can be reduced. Therefore, the light-emitting device can have excellent image quality characteristics, particularly in regions having low brightness and low gray levels, and can have high color purity. High-quality electronic devices and consumer products can be manufactured by using such a light-emitting device.

[0202] According to an embodiment, in Formula 1, CY 11 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10 substituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, group, indenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, indolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, carbazolyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, furyl group, benzofuryl group, dibenzofuryl group, naphthofuryl group, benzonaphthofuryl group, dinaphthofuryl group, thienyl group, benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, naphthothienyl group, benzonaphthothienyl group or dinaphthothienyl group. R 10 may be the same as described herein.

[0203] According to an embodiment, in Formula 2, CY 21 and CY 22 each independently are an unsubstituted or at least one R 20 substituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, group, indene group, fluorene group, spiro - bifluorene group, benzofluorene group, dibenzofluorene group, indole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, carbazole group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, furan group, benzofuran group, dibenzofuran group, naphthofuran group, benzonaphthofuran group, dinaphthofuran group, thiophene group, benzothiophene group, dibenzothiophene group, naphthothiophene group, benzonaphthothiophene group or dinaphthothiophene group. R 20 may be the same as described herein.

[0204] According to an embodiment, in Formula 3, CY 31 and CY 32 are each independently an unsubstituted or at least one R 30 substituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, group, indene group, fluorene group, spiro - bifluorene group, benzofluorene group, dibenzofluorene group, indole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, carbazole group, benzocarbazole group, dibenzocarbazole group, furan group, benzofuran group, dibenzofuran group, naphthofuran group, benzonaphthofuran group, dinaphthofuran group, thiophene group, benzothiophene group, dibenzothiophene group, naphthothiophene group, benzonaphthothiophene group or dinaphthothiophene group. R 30 may be the same as described herein.

[0205] According to an embodiment, in Formulas 2 and 3, L 21 and L 31 may each independently be a single bond, a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro - bifluorenylene group, a spiro - fluorene - benzofluoreneylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, an aceanthrenylene group, a phenanthrylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a benzophenanthrylene group, a pyrenylene group, a a group, a sub-tetracenyl group, a sub-picene group, a sub-perylenyl group, a sub-pentacenyl group, a sub-sexiphenyl group, a sub-pentaphenyl group, a sub-rubrivatyl group, a sub-coronene group, a sub-ovalene group, a sub-pyrrolyl group, a sub-thienyl group, a sub-furyl group, a sub-imidazolyl group, a sub-pyrazolyl group, a sub-thiazolyl group, a sub-isothiazolyl group, a sub-oxazolyl group, a sub-isoxazolyl group, a sub-pyridyl group, a sub-pyrazinyl group, a sub-pyrimidinyl group, a sub-pyridazinyl group, a sub-isoindolyl group, a sub-indolyl group, a sub-indazolyl group, a sub-purinyl group, a sub-quinolyl group, a sub-isoquinolyl group, a sub-benzoquinolyl group, a sub-phthalazinyl group, a sub-naphthyridinyl group, a sub-quinoxalinyl group, a sub-quinazolinyl group, a sub-cinnolinyl group, a sub-carbazolyl group, a sub-phenanthridinyl group, a sub-acridinyl group, a sub-phenanthrolinyl group, a sub-phenazinyl group, a sub-benzoimidazolyl group, a sub-benzofuryl group, a sub-benzothienyl group, a sub-benzoisothiazolyl group, a sub-benzooxazolyl group, a sub-benzoisoxazolyl group, a sub-triazolyl group, a sub-tetrazolyl group, a sub-oxadiazolyl group, a sub-triazinyl group, a sub-dibenzofuryl group, a sub-dibenzothienyl group, a sub-dibenzosilolyl group, a sub-benzocarbazolyl group, a sub-dibenzocarbazolyl group, a sub-thiadiazolyl group, a sub-imidazopyridyl or sub-imidazopyrimidinyl; or

[0206] each independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, C1-C 20 alkyl group, C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentaphenylene group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulene group, a heptaphenylene group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzo[a]phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, Group, tetracenyl group, picenyl group, perylenyl group, pentaphenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentacenyl group, rubicenyl group, ovalenyl group, pyrrolyl group, thienyl group, furyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, isoindolyl group, indolyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, carbazolyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzofuryl group, benzothienyl group, benzisothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzisoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzofuryl group, dibenzothienyl group, dibenzosilolyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 )、-P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) or a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, a azulylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a spiro-fluoro-benzofluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a benzoanthrylene group, a pyrenylene group, a a radical group, a sub-tetracenyl group, a sub-picene group, a sub-perylene group, a sub-pentacenyl group, a sub-hexabenzotriphenylene group, a sub-pentabenzotriphenylene group, a sub-rhodoviolanthrone group, a sub-coronene group, a sub-ovalene group, a sub-pyrrolyl group, a sub-thienyl group, a sub-furyl group, a sub-imidazolyl group, a sub-pyrazolyl group, a sub-thiazolyl group, a sub-isothiazolyl group, a sub-oxazolyl group, a sub-isoxazolyl group, a sub-pyridyl group, a sub-pyrazinyl group, a sub-pyrimidinyl group, a sub-pyridazinyl group, a sub-isoindolyl group, a sub-indolyl group, a sub-indazolyl group, a sub-purinyl group, a sub-quinolyl group, a sub-isoquinolyl group, a sub-benzoquinolyl group, a sub-phthalazinyl group, a sub-naphthyridinyl group, a sub-quinoxalinyl group, a sub-quinazolinyl group, a sub-cinnolinyl group, a sub-carbazolyl group, a sub-phenanthridinyl group, a sub-acridinyl group, a sub-phenanthroline group, a sub-phenazine group, a sub-benzoimidazolyl group, a sub-benzofuryl group, a sub-benzothienyl group, a sub-benzoisothiazolyl group, a sub-benzooxazolyl group, a sub-benzoisoxazolyl group, a sub-triazolyl group, a sub-tetrazolyl group, a sub-oxadiazolyl group, a sub-triazinyl group, a sub-dibenzofuryl group, a sub-dibenzothienyl group, a sub-dibenzosilolyl group, a sub-benzocarbazolyl group, a sub-dibenzocarbazolyl group, a sub-thiadiazolyl group, a sub-imidazopyridyl group or a sub-imidazopyrimidinyl group,

[0207] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a C1-C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolyl group or an isoquinolyl group.

[0208] According to an embodiment, in Formula 2 and Formula 3, L 21 and L 31 may each independently be a group represented by any one of Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-26:

[0209] In Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-26,

[0210]

[0211] Z

[0212] to Z 11 to Z 14 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20An alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro - bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a radical group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ),

[0213] where Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be a C1 - C 10 alkyl group, a C1 - C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group or a naphthyl group,

[0214] d2 can be 0, 1 or 2,

[0215] d3 can be 0, 1, 2 or 3,

[0216] d4 can be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,

[0217] d5 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0218] d6 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,

[0219] d8 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, and

[0220] * and *' represent the bonding sites to adjacent atoms.

[0221] According to an embodiment, in Formula 2 and Formula 3, a21 and a31 can each independently be 0, 1 or 2.

[0222] According to an embodiment, in Formula 2 and Formula 3, Ar 21 、Ar 22 、Ar 31 and Ar 32 can each independently be:

[0223] cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, norbornyl group, norbornenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl group, phenyl group, pentaphenylenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzo[h]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[h,k]fluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzo[a]phenanthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, yl group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, isoindolyl group, indolyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzo[h]quinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, carbazolyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothienyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzoisothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzoisoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothienyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group or imidazopyrimidinyl group; or

[0224] each independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazono group, C1-C 20 alkyl group, C2-C 20 alkenyl group, C2-C 20 alkynyl group, C1-C 20 alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, norbornyl group, norbornenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl group, phenyl group, pentaphenylenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzo[h]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[h,k]fluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzo[a]phenanthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, a radical group, a pyrrolyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuryl group, a benzothienyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuryl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 )、-P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) or any combination thereof, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzoanthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a radical group, a pyrrolyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuryl group, a benzothienyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzisoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuryl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group or an imidazopyrimidinyl group,

[0225] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a cyano group, C1-C 20 alkyl group, C2-C 20 alkenyl group, C2-C 20 alkynyl group, C1-C 20 alkoxy group, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, C6-C 20 aryl group, C1-C 20 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group or a terphenyl group.

[0226] According to an embodiment, in Formula 2 and Formula 3, Ar 21 , Ar 22 , Ar 31 and Ar 32 can each independently be a group represented by any one of Formula 5-1 to Formula 5-26 and Formula 6-1 to Formula 6-55:

[0227]

[0228]

[0229]

[0230]

[0231] In Formulas 5-1 to 5-26 and Formulas 6-1 to 6-55,

[0232] Y 31 and Y 32 can each independently be O, S, C(Z 33 )(Z 34 ), N(Z 33 ) or Si(Z 33 )(Z 34 ),

[0233] Z 31 to Z 34 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C2-C 20 alkenyl group, a C2-C 20 alkynyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthryl group, a benzophenanthryl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a carbazolyl group or a triazinyl group,

[0234] e2 can be 1 or 2,

[0235] e3 can be 1, 2 or 3,

[0236] e4 can be 1, 2, 3 or 4,

[0237] e5 can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0238] e6 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,

[0239] e7 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,

[0240] e9 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and

[0241] * represents a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0242] According to an embodiment, in Formulas 1 to 3, R 10 to R 12 , R 20 to R 22 and R 30 can each independently be:

[0243] hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group or a cyano group;

[0244] C1-C 20 alkyl group, C2-C 20 alkenyl group, C2-C 20 alkynyl group or C1-C 20 alkoxy group;

[0245] each independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazono group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, norbornyl group, norbornenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl group, phenyl group, naphthyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) or any combination thereof, substituted C1-C 20 alkyl group, C2-C 20 alkenyl group, C2-C 20 alkynyl group or C1-C 20 alkoxy group;

[0246] cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, norbornyl group, norbornenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl group, phenyl group, pentaphenylenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzo[a]fluorenyl group, dibenzo[a,h]fluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzo[a]phenanthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, a radical group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, isoindolyl group, indolyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, carbazolyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzofuryl group, benzothienyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzisothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzisoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzofuryl group, dibenzothienyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group or imidazopyrimidinyl group; or

[0247] each independently being deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C2-C 20 alkenyl group, a C2-C 20 alkynyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentaphenylenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a benzo[a]phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a radical group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, isoindolyl group, indolyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, carbazolyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzofuryl group, benzothienyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzisothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzisoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzofuryl group, dibenzothienyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q32 )(Q 33 )、 -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -C(=O)(Q 31 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 31 )、 -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) or a cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, norbornyl group, norbornenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl group, phenyl group, pentaphenylenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro - bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzo[a]phenanthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, isoindolyl group, indolyl group, indazolyl group, purinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, benzoquinolinyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, carbazolyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothienyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzisothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzisoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, triazinyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothienyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, dibenzocarbazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group or imidazopyrimidinyl group,

[0248] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a cyano group, a C1 - C 20 alkyl group, a C2 - C 20 alkenyl group, a C2 - C 20 alkynyl group, a C1 - C 20 alkoxy group, a C3 - C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C1 - C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3 - C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1 - C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6 - C 20 aryl group, a C1 - C 20A heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group or a terphenyl group.

[0249] According to an embodiment, in Formulas 1 to 3, R 10 to R 12 , R 20 to R 22 and R 30 can each independently be:

[0250] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group;

[0251] A C1-C 20 alkyl group or a C1-C 20 alkoxy group substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or any combination thereof; or

[0252] A group represented by any one of Formulas 5-1 to 5-26 and Formulas 6-1 to 6-55.

[0253] According to an embodiment, the first hole injection layer may include a first compound and a first charge generation dopant, and the first p-type charge generation layer may include a second compound and a second charge generation dopant.

[0254] The first compound and the second compound may each independently be a hole transport compound represented by Formula 1, and

[0255] The first charge generation dopant and the second charge generation dopant may each independently be a charge generation dopant.

[0256] According to an embodiment, the first charge generation dopant and the second charge generation dopant may be the same as or different from each other.

[0257] According to an embodiment, the first compound and the second compound may be the same as or different from each other.

[0258] According to an embodiment, for every 100 parts by weight of the first hole injection layer, the amount of the first charge generation dopant may be from about 0.1 part by weight to about 5 parts by weight. For example, for every 100 parts by weight of the first hole injection layer, the amount of the first charge generation dopant may be from about 1 part by weight to about 3 parts by weight.

[0259] According to an embodiment, for every 100 parts by weight of the first p-type charge generation layer, the amount of the second charge generation dopant may be from about 1 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight. For example, for every 100 parts by weight of the first p-type charge generation layer, the amount of the second charge generation dopant may be from about 3 parts by weight to about 8 parts by weight.

[0260] According to an embodiment, the amount of the first charge generation dopant in every 100 parts by weight of the first hole injection layer may be greater than twice the content of the second charge generation dopant in every 100 parts by weight of the first p-type charge generation layer. For example, the amount of the first charge generation dopant in every 100 parts by weight of the first hole injection layer may be about 2 to about 10 times, or about 2 to about 8 times, or about 2 to about 5 times the content of the second charge generation dopant in every 100 parts by weight of the first p-type charge generation layer.

[0261] According to an embodiment, the thickness of the hole injection layer of the first emission unit may be about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0262] According to an embodiment, the thickness of the first p-type charge generation layer may be about 2 nm to about 30 nm.

[0263] According to an embodiment, the thickness of the hole injection layer of the first emission unit may be greater than twice the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer of the first charge generation unit. For example, the thickness of the hole injection layer of the first emission unit may be about 2 to about 10 times, or about 2 to about 9 times, or about 2 to about 5 times the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer of the first charge generation unit.

[0264] According to an embodiment, the first emission unit among the m emission units may be located closest to the first electrode.

[0265] According to an embodiment, the second emission unit among the m emission units may be located closest to the first electrode.

[0266] According to an embodiment, the configurations of each of the m emission units may be the same as or different from each other.

[0267] According to an embodiment, the first charge generation unit may be located between the first emission unit and the second emission unit.

[0268] According to an embodiment, the first charge generation unit may further include a first n-type charge generation layer.

[0269] According to an embodiment, the first n-type charge generation layer may contain an electron transport compound.

[0270] Details regarding the electron transport compound included in the first n-type charge generation layer may be the same as those described herein regarding the electron transport compound.

[0271] According to an embodiment, the electron transport compound may be a phenanthroline-based compound or a phosphine oxide-based compound.

[0272] According to an embodiment, the electron transport compound may be selected from Compound N1 and any phenanthroline-based compound similar thereto:

[0273] [Compound N1]

[0274]

[0275] According to an embodiment, the first n-type charge generation layer may further include a metal.

[0276] For example, the first n-type charge generation layer may include an alkali metal, an alkali metal alloy, an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth metal alloy, a lanthanide metal, a lanthanide metal alloy, or any combination thereof.

[0277] According to an embodiment, the first n-type charge generation layer may include an electron transport compound and a metal, and the volume ratio of the electron transport compound to the metal may be from about 99.9:0.1 to about 80:20. For example, the volume ratio of the electron transport compound to the metal may be from about 99:1 to about 80:20.

[0278] According to an embodiment, the configurations of the (m - 1) charge generation units may be the same as or different from each other.

[0279] According to an embodiment, the first sub-pixel region may be a red sub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region may be a green sub-pixel region, and the third sub-pixel region may be a blue sub-pixel region.

[0280] According to an embodiment, the first light-emitting region may include a first red emission layer, a first green emission layer, and a first blue emission layer.

[0281] The first red emission layer may be disposed in the red sub-pixel region of the first emission unit,

[0282] The first green emission layer may be disposed in the green sub-pixel region of the first emission unit, and

[0283] The first blue emission layer may be disposed in the blue sub-pixel region of the first emission unit.

[0284] According to an embodiment, the second light-emitting region may include a second red emission layer, a second green emission layer, and a second blue emission layer,

[0285] The second red emission layer may be disposed in the red sub-pixel region of the second emission unit,

[0286] The second green emission layer may be disposed in the green sub-pixel region of the second emission unit, and

[0287] The second blue emission layer may be disposed in the blue sub-pixel region of the second emission unit.

[0288] According to an embodiment, the second emission assisting layer may be disposed in the red sub-pixel region of the second emission unit and may be in direct contact with the second red emission layer.

[0289] According to an embodiment, the second emission assisting layer may be in direct contact with the first p-type charge generation layer. For example, the second emission assisting layer may be located between the second red emission layer and the first p-type charge generation layer and may be in direct contact with the second red emission layer and the first p-type charge generation layer.

[0290] According to an embodiment, the first red emission layer, the first green emission layer, the first blue emission layer, the second red emission layer, the second green emission layer, and the second blue emission layer may each independently include a host and a dopant, and based on the weight of each layer, the content of the host may be greater than the content of the dopant.

[0291] According to an embodiment, the host may include two or more different compounds. For example, the host may include a first host compound and a second host compound, and the weight ratio of the first host compound to the second host compound may be from about 0.1:99.9 to about 99.9:0.1, from about 1:99 to about 99:1, from about 10:90 to about 90:10, from about 20:80 to about 80:20, from about 30:70 to about 70:30, from about 40:60 to about 60:40, or from about 45:55 to about 55:45.

[0292] According to an embodiment, the first host compound and the second host compound may be compounds containing deuterium. According to an embodiment, the weight ratio of the first host compound to the second host compound may be from about 0.1:99.9 to about 50:50, from about 1:99 to about 49:51, from about 10:90 to about 45:55, or from about 20:80 to about 40:60.

[0293] According to an embodiment, the dopant may be a fluorescent dopant, a phosphorescent dopant, a delayed fluorescence dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0294] According to an embodiment, the m emission units may each further include a hole transport region and / or an electron transport region, and the hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an emission assisting layer, and an electron blocking layer, and the electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

[0295] In this specification, "the hole injection layer may include a charge generation dopant" may be interpreted as "the hole injection layer may include one compound belonging to the category of charge generation dopants, or two or more different compounds belonging to the category of charge generation dopants".

[0296] In this specification, "the p-type charge generation layer may include a charge generation dopant" can be interpreted as "the p-type charge generation layer may include one compound belonging to the category of charge generation dopants, or two or more different compounds belonging to the category of charge generation dopants".

[0297] In this specification, "the hole injection layer may include a compound represented by Formula 1" can be interpreted as "the hole injection layer may include one compound represented by Formula 1, or two or more different compounds each independently represented by Formula 1".

[0298] In this specification, "the p-type charge generation layer may include a compound represented by Formula 1" can be interpreted as "the p-type charge generation layer may include one compound represented by Formula 1, or two or more different compounds each independently represented by Formula 1".

[0299] In this specification, "the emission assisting layer may include a compound represented by Formula 3" can be interpreted as "the emission assisting layer may include one compound represented by Formula 3, or two or more different compounds each independently represented by Formula 3".

[0300] As used herein, the term "intermediate layer" refers to a single layer and / or multiple layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of a light-emitting device.

[0301] On the other hand, an electronic device including a light-emitting device is provided. The electronic device may further include a thin film transistor. For example, the electronic device may further include a thin film transistor including a source electrode and a drain electrode, wherein the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode. The electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, or any combination thereof. More details regarding the electronic device may be the same as those described herein.

[0302] On the other hand, a consumer product (e.g., electronic equipment) including a light-emitting device is provided.

[0303] According to an embodiment, the consumer product may be a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a video camera, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall including a plurality of displays spliced together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a light therapy device, or a signboard.

[0304] Figures 1 to 3 Description of

[0305] Figures 1 to 3 Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment.

[0306] Reference Figure 1 , the light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 150, and a second electrode 190, and the intermediate layer 150 may include m emission units; and m - 1 charge generation units are located between two adjacent emission units among the m emission units, where m may be an integer of 2 or greater than 2, and at least one of the emission units 140 may include a first sub-pixel P1 and a second sub-pixel P2.

[0307] Reference Figure 2 , the light-emitting device 10 may include a first emission unit 141, a second emission unit 142, and a first charge generation unit 151, and the first emission unit 141 and the second emission unit 142 may respectively include first sub-pixels 141-P1 and 142-P1, second sub-pixels 141-P2 and 142-P2, and third sub-pixels 141-P3 and 142-P3. A pixel defining layer 290 may be located between adjacent sub-pixels. In the case where the light-emitting device 10 is patterned in this way, first electrodes 110-P1, 110-P2, and 110-P3 corresponding to each sub-pixel region may be formed, and the pixel defining layer 290 may be located therebetween.

[0308] Reference Figure 3 , the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel included in each of the first emission unit 141 and the second emission unit 142 of the light-emitting device 10 may be a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, or a blue sub-pixel, respectively, and may be patterned such that the red sub-pixel may include red emission layers 141R and 142R, the green sub-pixel may include green emission layers 141G and 142G, and the blue sub-pixel may include blue emission layers 141B and 142B. A pixel defining layer 290 may be located between adjacent sub-pixels. In the case where the light-emitting device 10 is patterned in this way, first electrodes 110R, 110G, and 110B corresponding to each sub-pixel region may be formed, and the pixel defining layer 290 may be located therebetween.

[0309] ​According to an embodiment, the region where the emission layer is disposed may be referred to as a light-emitting region. For example, the first light-emitting region included in the first emission unit 141 may include a red emission layer 141R, a green emission layer 141G, and a blue emission layer 141B. As another example, the second light-emitting region included in the second emission unit 142 may include a red emission layer 142R, a green emission layer 142G, and a blue emission layer 142B.

[0310] A red emission assisting layer 142R' may be disposed in the red sub-pixel, a green emission assisting layer 142G' may be disposed in the green sub-pixel, and a blue emission assisting layer 142B' may be disposed in the blue sub-pixel.

[0311] The first emission unit 141 may include a first hole transport region, and the first hole transport region may include a first hole injection layer 121.

[0312] The first charge generation unit 151 may be located between the first emission unit 141 and the second emission unit 142, and the first charge generation unit 151 may include a first p-type charge generation layer 151P and a first n-type charge generation layer 151N.

[0313] However, the positions of the first emission unit 141, the second emission unit 142, and the first charge generation unit 151 are not limited to those described above Figures 1 to 3 shown. For example, the positions of the first emission unit 141 and the second emission unit 142 may be swapped.

[0314] Other layers may additionally be located between each layer. For example, at least one of a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, and a buffer layer may additionally be located between the first hole injection layer 121 of the first emission unit 141 and the sub-pixels 141R, 141G, and 141B. As another example, the second emission unit 142 may further include an electron transport region located between the sub-pixels of the second emission unit 142 and the second electrode 190. As another instance, the red emission assisting layer 142R', the green emission assisting layer 142G', and / or the blue emission assisting layer 142B' between each sub-pixel of the first emission unit 141 may additionally be located adjacent to the first hole transport region.

[0315] Hereinafter, Figures 1 to 3 the structure and manufacturing method of the light-emitting device 10 according to the embodiment will be described.

[0316] [First electrode 110]

[0317] In Figures 1 to 3In [the device], the substrate may additionally be located under the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 190. As the substrate, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate may be used. For example, the substrate may be a flexible substrate and may include a plastic having excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0318] The first electrode 110 may be formed by, for example, depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. If the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 may be a high work function material that promotes hole injection.

[0319] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode, or a transmissive electrode. In the case where the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. For example, in the case where the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0320] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure composed of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0321] [Intermediate layer 150]

[0322] The intermediate layer 150 may be located on the first electrode 110. The intermediate layer 150 may include an emission layer.

[0323] The intermediate layer 150 may further include a hole transport region located between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport region located between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

[0324] In addition to various organic materials, the intermediate layer 150 may further include a metal-containing compound (such as an organometallic compound), an inorganic material (such as a quantum dot), etc.

[0325] The intermediate layer 150 may include i) two or more emission units stacked on each other in sequence between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190, and ii) a charge generation layer located between the two or more emission units. In the case where the intermediate layer 150 includes the emission units and the charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting device 10’ and the light-emitting device 10” may be series light-emitting devices.

[0326] [Hole transport region in the intermediate layer 150]

[0327] In addition to the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, the hole transport region may further include an emission assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0328] Each layer in the hole transport region may have, for example: i) a single-layer structure composed of a single layer consisting of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure composed of a single layer containing a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers containing a plurality of different materials.

[0329] For example, the hole transport region may have a multi-layer structure of a hole injection layer / hole transport layer, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission assisting layer, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer stacked successively from the first electrode 110.

[0330] The hole transport region may further contain a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0331] [Formula 201]

[0332]

[0333] [Formula 202]

[0334]

[0335] In Formulas 201 and 202,

[0336] L 201 to L 204 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0337] L 205 may be *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 20 alkylene group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 20 alkenylene group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, or an unsubstituted or at least one R10a Substituted divalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, where * and *' each represent a binding site to an adjacent atom,

[0338] xa1 to xa4 can each independently be an integer from 0 to 5,

[0339] xa5 can be an integer from 1 to 10,

[0340] R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0341] R 201 and R 202 can optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C5 alkylene group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C5 alkenylene group to form an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C8-C 60 polycyclic group (e.g., carbazole group) (e.g., see compound HT16),

[0342] R 203 and R 204 can optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C5 alkylene group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C5 alkenylene group to form an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C8-C 60 polycyclic group, and

[0343] na1 can be an integer from 1 to 4. R 10a can be the same as described herein.

[0344] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 201 and the compound represented by formula 202 can each independently include at least one of the groups represented by formulae CY201 to CY217:

[0345]

[0346] In formulae CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R10c may each independently be the same as described with respect to R 10a described, ring CY 201 to ring CY 204 may each independently be a C3-C 20 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 20 heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in Formulae CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or substituted by R as described above 10a substituted.

[0347] In an embodiment, in Formulae CY201 to CY217, ring CY 201 to ring CY 204 may each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, or an anthryl group.

[0348] According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each independently include at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203.

[0349] According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY204 to CY217.

[0350] According to an embodiment, in Formula 201, xa1 may be 1, R 201 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY201 to CY203, xa2 may be 0, and R 202 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY204 to CY207.

[0351] According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each not include a group represented by one of Formulae CY201 to CY203.

[0352] According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each not include a group represented by one of Formulae CY201 to CY203, and may each independently include at least one of the groups represented by Formulae CY204 to CY217.

[0353] In an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each not include a group represented by one of Formulae CY201 to CY217.

[0354] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may include one or any combination of Compound HT1 to Compound HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS):

[0355]

[0356]

[0357]

[0358]

[0359]

[0360] The thickness of the hole transport region may be about to about For example, about to about In the case where the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be about to about For example, about to about And the thickness of the hole transport layer may be about to about For example, about to about When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0361] The emission assisting layer can increase the light emission efficiency by compensating the optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer can block the leakage of electrons from the emission layer to the hole transport region. The materials that can be included in the hole transport region can be included in the emission assisting layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0362] [p-dopant]

[0363] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region may further include a charge generation material for improving the conduction properties. The charge generation material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (e.g., in the form of a single layer composed of the charge generation material). The charge generation material may be the same as or different from the charge generation compound included in the hole injection layer.

[0364] The charge generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0365] In an embodiment, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the p-dopant may be about -3.5 eV or less than -3.5 eV.

[0366] According to an embodiment, the p-dopant may include a quinone derivative, a compound containing a cyano group, a compound containing element EL1 and element EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0367] Examples of the quinone derivative may include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, etc.

[0368] Examples of the compound containing a cyano group may include HAT-CN and the compound represented by Formula 221:

[0369]

[0370] [Formula 221]

[0371]

[0372] In Formula 221,

[0373] R 221 to R 223 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, R 10a may be the same as those described herein, and

[0374] R 221 to R 223 at least one of which may each independently be each substituted by: a cyano group; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; a C1-C 20 alkyl group substituted by a cyano group, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, or any combination thereof; or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group substituted by any combination thereof.

[0375] In a compound containing element EL1 and element EL2, element EL1 can be a metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof, and element EL2 can be a non-metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof.

[0376] Examples of metals can include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.); post-transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); and lanthanide metals (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.).

[0377] Examples of metalloids can include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te).

[0378] Examples of non-metals can include oxygen (O) and halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).

[0379] Examples of compounds containing element EL1 and element EL2 can include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, or metal iodides), metalloid halides (e.g., metalloid fluorides, metalloid chlorides, metalloid bromides, or metalloid iodides), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0380] Examples of metal oxides can include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.), and rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.).

[0381] Examples of metal halides can include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, and lanthanide metal halides.

[0382] Examples of alkali metal halides can include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and CsI.

[0383] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides can include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, and BaI2.

[0384] Examples of transition metal halides can include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaBr3, TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr2, ReI2, etc.), iron halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2, etc.), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2, etc.), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2, etc.), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2, etc.), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2, etc.), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrBr2, IrI2, etc.), nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.), copper halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.) and gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.).

[0385] Examples of post-transition metal halides can include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.) and tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.).

[0386] Examples of lanthanide metal halides can include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3 and SmI3.

[0387] Examples of metalloid halides may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0388] Examples of metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li2Te, Na2Te, K2Te, Rb2Te, Cs2Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe2, ZrTe2, HfTe2, V2Te3, Nb2Te3, Ta2Te3, Cr2Te3, Mo2Te3, W2Te3, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.), and lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.).

[0389] [Emission layer in the intermediate layer 150]

[0390] In the case where the light-emitting devices 10, 10', and 10" are full-color light-emitting devices, according to the sub-pixels, the emission layer can be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and / or a blue emission layer. For example, the emission layer can have a stacked structure of two or more layers among a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, where the two or more layers are in contact with each other or separated from each other to emit white light, or have a mixed structure of two or more materials among a red emission material, a green emission material, and a blue emission material, where the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0391] The emission layer can include a host and a dopant. The dopant can include a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0392] Based on 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of the dopant in the emission layer can be about 0.01 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0393] For example, the emission layer can include quantum dots.

[0394] The emission layer can include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material can act as a host or a dopant in the emission layer.

[0395] The thickness of the emission layer can be about to about For example, about to about When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emitting characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0396] [Host]

[0397] The host may include a compound represented by Formula 301:

[0398] [Formula 301]

[0399] [Ar 301 xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 xb21

[0400] In Formula 301,

[0401] Ar 301 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, L 301 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0402] xb11 may be 1, 2 or 3,

[0403] xb1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

[0404] R 301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R​​10a Substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 )、-N(Q 301 )(Q 302 )、-B(Q 301 )(Q 302 )、-C(=O)(Q 301 )、-S(=O)2(Q 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ),

[0405] xb21 can be an integer from 1 to 5, and

[0406] Q 301 to Q 303 can each independently be the same as described herein for Q1. R 10a can be the same as described herein.

[0407] In an embodiment, in Formula 301, when xb11 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more of the Ar 301 can be connected to each other via a single bond.

[0408] In an embodiment, the host can include a compound represented by Formula 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0409] [Formula 301-1]

[0410]

[0411] [Formula 301-2]

[0412]

[0413] In Formulas 301-1 and 301-2,

[0414] Ring A 301 to Ring A 304 can each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0415] X 301 can be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 , C(R304 )(R 305 ) or Si(R 304 )(R 305 ),

[0416] xb22 and xb23 can each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

[0417] L 301 , xb1 and R 301 can be the same as described herein,

[0418] L 302 to L 304 can each independently be the same as described herein for L 301 described,

[0419] xb2 to xb4 can each independently be the same as described herein for xb1, and

[0420] R 302 to R 305 and R 311 to R 314 can each independently be the same as described herein for R 301 described.

[0421] In an embodiment, the host can include an alkaline earth metal complex, a post-transition metal complex, or any combination thereof. For example, the host can include a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0422] In an embodiment, the host can include one or any combination of compounds H1 to H124, 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP):

[0423]

[0424]

[0425]

[0426]

[0427]

[0428]

[0429] According to an embodiment, the host may include a hole-transporting host and an electron-transporting host.

[0430] In the present specification, the term "hole-transporting host" may be a compound including a hole-transporting moiety.

[0431] In the present specification, the term "electron-transporting host" may be a compound having bipolar properties or a compound including an electron-transporting moiety.

[0432] In the present specification, the "hole-transporting host" and the "electron-transporting host" may be understood based on the relative difference in hole mobility and electron mobility between them. For example, even when the electron-transporting host does not include an electron-transporting moiety, a bipolar compound exhibiting relatively higher electron mobility than the hole-transporting host may be understood as the electron-transporting host.

[0433] According to an embodiment, the hole-transporting host may be represented by one of Formulae 311-1 to 311-6, and the electron-transporting host may be represented by one of Formulae 312-1 to 312-4 and Formula 313:

[0434] [Formula 311-1]

[0435]

[0436] [Formula 311-2]

[0437]

[0438] [Formula 311-3]

[0439]

[0440] [Formula 311-4]

[0441]

[0442] [Formula 311-5]

[0443]

[0444] [Formula 311-6]

[0445]

[0446] [Formula 312-1]

[0447]

[0448] [Formula 312-2]

[0449]

[0450] [Formula 312-3]

[0451]

[0452] [Formula 312-4]

[0453]

[0454] [Formula 313]

[0455]

[0456] [Formula 313A]

[0457]

[0458] In Formulas 311-1 to 311-6, 312-1 to 312-4, 313 and 313A,

[0459] Ar 301 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0460] A 301 to A 304 may each independently be a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0461] X 301 may be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 , C[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 [(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 or Si[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 [(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ,

[0462] X 302 、Y 301 and Y 302 may each independently be a single bond, O, S, N[(L 305 )xb5 -R 305 , C[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 [(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 , Si[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 [(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 or S(=O)2,

[0463] xb1 to xb5 can each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0464] xb6 can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0465] X 321 to X 328 can each independently be N or C[(L 324 ) xb24 -R 324 ,

[0466] Y 321 can be *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N[(L 325 ) xb25 -R 325 -*', *-C[(L 325 ) xb25 -R 325 [(L 326 ) xb26 -R 326 -*', *-C[(L 325 ) xb25 -R 325 =C[(L 326 ) xb26 -R 326 -*', *-C[(L 325 ) xb25 -R 325 =N-*' or *-N=C[(L 326 ) xb26 -R 326 -*', where * and *' represent the binding sites to adjacent atoms,

[0467] k21 can be 0, 1 or 2, where when k21 is 0, Y 321 does not exist,

[0468] xb21 to xb26 can each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0469] A 31 , A 32 and A 34 Can be C3-C independently 60 Carbocyclic group or C1-C 30 Heterocyclic groups,

[0470] A 33 It may be a group represented by formula 313A,

[0471] X 31 It can be N[(L 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )]、O、S、Se、C[(L 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )][(L 336 ) xb36 -(R 336 )] or Si[(L 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )][(L 336 ) xb36 -(R 336 )],

[0472] xb31 to xb36 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0473] xb42 to xb44 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10,

[0474] L 301 To L 306 , L 321 To L 326 and L 331 To L 336 may be independently a single bond, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 20 Alkylene group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 20 Alkenylene group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 20 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkylene group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10aSubstituted C3-C 10 subcycloalkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 10 subheterocycloalkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 arylene group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 subheteroarylene group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0475] R 301 to R 305 、R 311 to R 314 、R 321 to R 326 and R 331 to R 336 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazone group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 aryl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted C6-C60 Arylthio group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 Heteroarylthio group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -B(Q1)(Q2), -N(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2) or -P(=S)(Q1)(Q2),

[0476] R 321 to R 326 Two or more adjacent substituents among them may optionally be bonded together to form an unsubstituted or R-substituted C3-C 10a carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or R-substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, and 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, and

[0477] R 10a may be:

[0478] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group or nitro group;

[0479] Each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C1-C 60 heteroaryloxy group, C1-C 60 heteroarylthio group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11)、 -S(=O)2(Q 11 )、 -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or a C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 alkoxy group;

[0480] Each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxy group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 alkyl group, C2-C 60 alkenyl group, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C1-C 60 heteroaryloxy group, C1-C 60 heteroarylthio group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、 -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、 -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、 -C(=O)(Q 21 )、 -S(=O)2(Q 21 )、 -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 arylthio group, C1-C 60 heteroaryloxy group or C1-C 60 heteroarylthio group; or

[0481] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、 -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、 -C(=O)(Q 31 )、 -S(=O)2(Q31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and

[0482] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; a hydroxy group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C 60 alkyl group; a C2-C 60 alkenyl group; a C2-C 60 alkynyl group; a C1-C 60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C that is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, a cyano group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, a C1-C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or any combination thereof 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0483] [Phosphorescent dopant]

[0484] The phosphorescent dopant may comprise at least one transition metal as a central metal.

[0485] The phosphorescent dopant may comprise a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, a tridentate ligand, a tetradentate ligand, a pentadentate ligand, a hexadentate ligand or any combination thereof.

[0486] The phosphorescent dopant may be electrically neutral.

[0487] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 401:

[0488] [Formula 401]

[0489] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0490] [Formula 402]

[0491]

[0492] In Formulas 401 and 402,

[0493] M can be a transition metal (e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re) or thulium (Tm)),

[0494] L 401 can be a ligand represented by Formula 402, and xc1 can be 1, 2 or 3, where in the case where xc1 is two or greater than two, two or more L 401 can be the same as or different from each other,

[0495] L 402 can be an organic ligand, and xc2 can be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, where in the case where xc2 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more L 402 can be the same as or different from each other,

[0496] X 401 and X 402 can each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

[0497] Ring A 401 and Ring A 402 can each independently be a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0498] T 401 can be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q 411 ))-*', *-C(Q 411 )(Q 412 ))-*', *-C(Q 411 ))=C(Q 412 ))-*', *-C(Q 411 ))=*' or *=C=*', * and *' represent the binding sites to adjacent atoms,

[0499] X 403 and X 404 can each independently be a chemical bond (e.g., a covalent bond or a coordination bond), O, S, N(Q 413 ), B(Q 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 )(Q 414 ), or Si(Q 413 )(Q 414 ),

[0500] Q 411 to Q 414 can each independently be the same as described herein for Q1,

[0501] R 401 and R 402 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 20 alkyl group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 20 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 )、-N(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-B(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-C(=O)(Q 401 )、-S(=O)2(Q 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),R 10a may be the same as described herein,

[0502] Q 401 to Q 403 may each independently be the same as described herein regarding Q1,

[0503] xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

[0504] * and *' in Formula 402 each represent a binding site to M in Formula 401.

[0505] For example, in Formula 402, X 401 may be nitrogen, and X 402 may be carbon, or X 401 and X 402 may each be nitrogen.

[0506] In an embodiment, in Formula 401, when xc1 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more of the two ring A 401 s in L 401 may optionally be bonded to each other via T 402 which may be a linking group, and two or more of the two ring A 401 s in L 402Optionally via T which may be a linking group 403 are bonded to each other (see Compound PD1 to Compound PD4 and Compound PD7). T 402 and T 403 may each independently be the same as those described herein for T 401 .

[0507] In Formula 401, L 402 may be an organic ligand. For example, L 402 may include a halogen group, a diketone group (e.g., an acetylacetonate group), a carboxylic acid group (e.g., a picolinate group), -C(=O), an isonitrile group, -CN, a phosphorus-containing group (e.g., a phosphine group, a phosphite group, etc.) or any combination thereof.

[0508] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, one or any combination of Compounds PD1 to PD39:

[0509]

[0510]

[0511]

[0512] [Fluorescent dopant]

[0513] The fluorescent dopant may include a compound containing an amine group, a compound containing a styryl group or any combination thereof.

[0514] In an embodiment, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501:

[0515] [Formula 501]

[0516]

[0517] In Formula 501,

[0518] Ar 501 , R 501 and R 502 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, L 501 to L 503 may each independently be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R10a Substituted divalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, R 10a may be the same as described herein,

[0519] xd1 to xd3 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0520] xd4 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0521] In an embodiment, in Formula 501, Ar 501 may be a fused cyclic group in which three or more monocyclic groups are fused together (e.g., an anthracene group, group, a pyrene group, etc.).

[0522] In an embodiment, in Formula 501, xd4 may be 2.

[0523] In an embodiment, the fluorescent dopant may include one or any combination of Compound FD1 to Compound FD36, DPVBi, and DPAVBi:

[0524]

[0525]

[0526]

[0527] [Thermally activated delayed fluorescence material]

[0528] The emission layer may include a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material.

[0529] In the specification, the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material may be selected from compounds capable of emitting thermally activated delayed fluorescence based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0530] Depending on the type of other materials included in the emission layer, the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material included in the emission layer may act as a host or as a dopant.

[0531] According to an embodiment, the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material may be from about 0 eV to about 0.5 eV. When the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material satisfies the range described above, upconversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material can occur effectively, and thus the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved.

[0532] In an embodiment, the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material may include: including at least one electron donor (e.g., a π-electron rich C3-C 60a cyclic group, such as a carbazole group) and at least one electron acceptor (e.g., a sulfoxide group, a cyano group, or a nitrogen-deficient π-electron-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group); or may include a material containing two or more fused cyclic groups sharing boron (B) simultaneously in a C8-C 60 polycyclic group material.

[0533] In an embodiment, the delayed fluorescence material may include at least one of Compound DF1 to Compound DF9:

[0534]

[0535] [Quantum dots]

[0536] The emission layer may contain quantum dots.

[0537] In the specification, quantum dots may be crystals of semiconductor compounds and may include any material capable of emitting light of various emission wavelengths according to the size of the crystals.

[0538] The diameter of the quantum dots may be, for example, about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0539] Quantum dots may be synthesized by a wet chemical process, a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process, a molecular beam epitaxy process, or any similar process.

[0540] The wet chemical process may be a method including mixing precursor materials with an organic solvent and growing quantum dot particle crystals. In the case of crystal growth, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystals and controls the crystal growth so that the growth of the quantum dot particles can be controlled by a process that is less costly and can be more easily performed than vapor deposition methods (such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)).

[0541] Quantum dots may include: II-VI group semiconductor compounds, III-V group semiconductor compounds, III-VI group semiconductor compounds, I-III-VI group semiconductor compounds, IV-VI group semiconductor compounds, Group IV elements or compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0542] Examples of II-VI semiconductor compounds can include: binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, etc.; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, etc.; quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0543] Examples of III-V semiconductor compounds can include: binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, etc.; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, etc.; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, etc.; or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the III-V semiconductor compound can further contain a Group II element. Examples of III-V semiconductor compounds further containing a Group II element can include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, etc.

[0544] Examples of III-VI semiconductor compounds can include: binary compounds such as GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3, InTe, etc.; ternary compounds such as InGaS3, InGaSe3, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0545] Examples of I-III-VI semiconductor compounds can include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0546] Examples of group IV-VI semiconductor compounds can include: binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, etc.; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, etc.; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0547] Examples of group IV elements or compounds can include: single element materials such as Si, Ge, etc.; binary compounds such as SiC, SiGe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0548] Each element contained in a compound (such as a binary compound, ternary compound, or quaternary compound) can be present in the particles at a uniform concentration or at a non-uniform concentration.

[0549] In an embodiment, the quantum dots can have a single structure, in which the concentration of each element in the quantum dots can be uniform, or the quantum dots can have a core-shell structure. In the case where the quantum dots have a core-shell structure, the material contained in the core and the material contained in the shell can be different from each other.

[0550] The shell of the quantum dots can serve as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties and / or can serve as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dots. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases towards the core.

[0551] Examples of shells of quantum dots can include metal oxides, metalloid oxides, non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, and any combination thereof. Examples of metal oxides, metalloid oxides, or non-metal oxides can include: binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, NiO, etc.; ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, CoMn2O4, etc.; or any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds can include, as described herein: II-VI group semiconductor compounds; III-V group semiconductor compounds; III-VI group semiconductor compounds; I-III-VI group semiconductor compounds; IV-VI group semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. For example, semiconductor compounds can include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0552] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum of the quantum dots can be about 45 nm or less than 45 nm. For example, the FWHM of the emission spectrum of the quantum dots can be about 40 nm or less than 40 nm. For example, the FWHM of the emission spectrum of the quantum dots can be about 30 nm or less than 30 nm. In any of these ranges, color purity or color reproducibility can be improved. The light emitted by the quantum dots can be emitted in all directions, enabling improved wide viewing angles.

[0553] In an embodiment, the quantum dots can be in the form of spherical nanoparticles, pyramidal nanoparticles, multi-armed nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, or nanoplates.

[0554] Since the band gap can be adjusted by controlling the size of the quantum dots, light with various wavelength bands can be obtained from the quantum dot emission layer. Thus, by using quantum dots of different sizes, a light-emitting device that emits light of various wavelengths can be achieved. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots can be selected to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. The size of the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining lights of various colors.

[0555] [Electron transport region in the intermediate layer 150]

[0556] The electron transport region can have i) a single-layer structure composed of a single layer of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure composed of a single layer of multiple different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including multiple layers of different materials.

[0557] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0558] For example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, and the constituent layers of each structure are stacked in sequence from the emission layer.

[0559] The electron transport region (e.g., the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may contain a metal-free compound containing at least one nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 ring group lacking π electrons.

[0560] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may contain a compound represented by Formula 601:

[0561] [Formula 601]

[0562] [Ar 601 xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 xe21

[0563] In Formula 601,

[0564] Ar 601 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, L 601 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted divalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0565] xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0566] xe1 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5,

[0567] R 601 may be an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, an unsubstituted or at least one R​​10a Substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 )、-C(=O)(Q 601 )、-S(=O)2(Q 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ), Q 601 to Q 603 may each independently be the same as described herein for Q1,

[0568] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and

[0569] may satisfy at least one of the following conditions: Ar 601 may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted π-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group; R 601 may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted π-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group; and L 601 may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted divalent π-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group.

[0570] In an embodiment, in Formula 601, when xe11 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more of the Ar 601 may be connected to each other via a single bond.

[0571] In an embodiment, in Formula 601, Ar 601 may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a substituted anthracene group. R 10a may be the same as described herein.

[0572] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may comprise a compound represented by Formula 601-1:

[0573] [Formula 601-1]

[0574]

[0575] In Formula 601-1,

[0576] X 614 may be N or C(R 614 ), X 615 may be N or C(R 615), X 616 can be N or C(R 616 ), and X 614 to X 616 at least one of which can be N,

[0577] L 611 to L 613 can each independently be the same as described herein for L 601 described,

[0578] xe611 to xe613 can each independently be the same as described herein for xe1,

[0579] R 611 to R 613 can each independently be the same as described herein for R 601 described, and

[0580] R 614 to R 616 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, or an unsubstituted or at least one R 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group. R 10a can be the same as described herein.

[0581] In an embodiment, in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 can each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0582] The electron transport region can comprise one or any combination of Compound ET1 to Compound ET45, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ:

[0583]

[0584]

[0585]

[0586] The thickness of the electron transport region can be about to about For example, about to about When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer can be about to about For example, about to about and the thickness of the electron transport layer can be about to about For example, about to about When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, the electron transport layer, and / or the electron transport region are within these ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0587] In addition to the materials described above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can further include a metal-containing material.

[0588] The metal-containing material can include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex can be a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, or a Cs ion. The metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex can be a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, or a Ba ion.

[0589] The ligands coordinated with the metal ions of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex can each independently include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0590] In an embodiment, the metal-containing material can include a Li complex. The Li complex can include, for example, compound ET-D1(Liq) or compound ET-D2:

[0591]

[0592] The electron transport region can include an electron injection layer that promotes the injection of electrons from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer can be in direct contact with the second electrode 190.

[0593] The electron injection layer can have i) a single-layer structure composed of a single layer of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure composed of a single layer of multiple different materials, or iii) a multilayer structure including multiple layers containing different materials.

[0594] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, a compound containing an alkali metal, a compound containing an alkaline earth metal, a compound containing a rare earth metal, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0595] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0596] The compound containing an alkali metal, the compound containing an alkaline earth metal, and the compound containing a rare earth metal may be an oxide, a halide (e.g., fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, etc.), or a telluride of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.

[0597] The compound containing an alkali metal may include: alkali metal oxides (e.g., Li2O, Cs2O, K2O, etc.); alkali metal halides (e.g., LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, etc.); or any combination thereof. The compound containing an alkaline earth metal may include alkaline earth metal oxides such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x may be a real number satisfying the condition 0 < x < 1), Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x may be a real number satisfying the condition 0 < x < 1), etc. The compound containing a rare earth metal may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the compound containing a rare earth metal may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, Lu2Te3, etc.

[0598] Alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, and rare earth metal complexes can include: alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, or rare earth metal ions; and ligands bonded to the metal ions (such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof).

[0599] In an embodiment, the electron injection layer can be composed of: an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof as described above. In an embodiment, the electron injection layer can further include an organic material (e.g., a compound represented by Formula 601).

[0600] According to an embodiment, the electron injection layer can be composed of an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); or the electron injection layer can be composed of an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide) and an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer can be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, a RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, a LiF:Yb co-deposited layer, etc.

[0601] In the case where the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix containing the organic material.

[0602] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be about to about For example, about to about In the case where the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0603] [Second Electrode 190]

[0604] The second electrode 190 can be located on the intermediate layer 150 having such a structure. The second electrode 190 can be a cathode, which can be an electron injection electrode, and a metal, an alloy, a conductive compound, or any combination thereof each having a low work function can be used as the material for the second electrode 190.

[0605] The second electrode 190 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0606] The second electrode 190 may have a single-layer structure having a single layer or a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers.

[0607] [Cover layer]

[0608] The first cover layer may be disposed outside the first electrode 110 and / or the second cover layer may be disposed outside the second electrode 190. Specifically, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first cover layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, and the second electrode 190 are stacked in this specified order in sequence, a structure in which the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second cover layer are stacked in this specified order in sequence, or a structure in which the first cover layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second cover layer are stacked in this specified order in sequence.

[0609] The light generated in the emission layer of the intermediate layer 150 of the light-emitting device 10 may pass through the first electrode 110 (which may be a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a transmissive electrode) and be led out toward the outside through the first cover layer, and the light generated in the emission layer of the intermediate layer 150 of the light-emitting device 10 may pass through the second electrode 190 (which may be a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a transmissive electrode) and be led out toward the outside through the second cover layer.

[0610] The first cover layer and the second cover layer may increase the external light-emitting efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference. Accordingly, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 may be increased, so that the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 may be improved.

[0611] Each of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may include a material having a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater than 1.6 (at about 589 nm).

[0612] The first cover layer and the second cover layer may each independently be an organic cover layer including an organic material, an inorganic cover layer including an inorganic material, or an organic-inorganic composite cover layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0613] At least one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer may each independently include a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, a compound containing an amine group, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the compound containing an amine group may be optionally substituted with substituents containing O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof.

[0614] According to an embodiment, at least one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer may each independently include a compound containing an amine group.

[0615] For example, at least one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer may each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0616] According to an embodiment, at least one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer may each independently include one of Compounds HT28 to HT33, one of Compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

[0617]

[0618] [Film]

[0619] The compound represented by Formula 1 and / or the compound represented by Formula 2 may be included in various films. Accordingly, another aspect of the present disclosure provides a film including the compound represented by Formula 1 and / or the compound represented by Formula 2. The film may be, for example, an optical member (or a light control device) (e.g., a color filter, a color conversion member, a covering layer, a light extraction efficiency enhancement layer, a selective light absorption layer, a polarization layer, a layer containing quantum dots, etc.), a light blocking member (e.g., a light reflection layer, a light absorption layer, etc.), a protection member (e.g., an insulating layer, a dielectric layer, etc.), and the like.

[0620] [Electronic Device]

[0621] The light-emitting device may be included in various electronic devices. For example, the electronic device including the light-emitting device may be a light-emitting device, a verification device, or the like.

[0622] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device (e.g., a light-emitting device) may further include: i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or the color conversion layer may be located in at least one direction in which the light emitted from the light-emitting device travels. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light. Details regarding the light-emitting device may be the same as those described above. According to an embodiment, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may be, for example, the quantum dots described herein.

[0623] The electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions respectively corresponding to the sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions respectively corresponding to the sub-pixel regions.

[0624] The pixel defining layer may be located between the plurality of sub-pixel regions to define each of the sub-pixel regions.

[0625] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light blocking pattern located between the color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion regions and a light blocking pattern located between the color conversion regions.

[0626] The plurality of color filter regions (or the plurality of color conversion regions) may include: a first region that emits first color light, a second region that emits second color light, and / or a third region that emits third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. For example, the plurality of color filter regions (or the plurality of color conversion regions) may contain quantum dots. Specifically, the first region may contain red quantum dots, the second region may contain green quantum dots, and the third region may not contain quantum dots. Details regarding the quantum dots may be the same as those described herein. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer.

[0627] For example, the light emitting device may emit first light, the first region may absorb the first light to emit first-first color light, the second region may absorb the first light to emit second-first color light, and the third region may absorb the first light to emit third-first color light. In this regard, the first-first color light, the second-first color light, and the third-first color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. Specifically, the first light may be blue light, the first-first color light may be red light, the second-first color light may be green light, and the third-first color light may be blue light.

[0628] In addition to the light emitting device as described above, the electronic device may further include a thin film transistor. The thin film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode or the second electrode of the light emitting device.

[0629] The thin film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, etc.

[0630] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, etc.

[0631] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be located between the color filter and / or the color conversion layer and the light-emitting device. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be led out to the outside, and at the same time prevents environmental air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer including one or more layers of an organic layer and an inorganic layer. In the case where the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0632] According to the use of the electronic device, various functional layers may additionally be located on the sealing portion in addition to the color filter and / or the color conversion layer. The functional layer may include a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, etc. The touch screen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touch screen layer, a capacitive touch screen layer, or an infrared touch screen layer.

[0633] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the verification device may further include a biometric information collector. The verification device may be, for example, a biometric verification device that verifies an individual by using biometric information of a living body (e.g., a fingertip, a pupil, etc.).

[0634] The electronic device may be applied to various displays, light sources, lighting devices, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, electronic game machines, medical instruments (e.g., electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, blood glucose meters, pulse measurement devices, pulse wave measurement devices, electrocardiogram monitors, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, or endoscope monitors), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (e.g., meters for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), projectors, etc.

[0635] Figure 4 and Figure 5 description of]

[0636] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

[0637] Figure 4 The light-emitting device of includes a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device, and an encapsulation portion 300 for sealing the light-emitting device.

[0638] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be located on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may prevent impurities from penetrating through the substrate 100 and may provide an approximately flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0639] ​The TFT may be located on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0640] The active layer 220 may include an inorganic semiconductor (such as silicon or polysilicon), an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and may include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0641] The gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be located on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be located on the gate insulating film 230.

[0642] The interlayer insulating film 250 may be located on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be located between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate each other.

[0643] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be located on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may contact the exposed portions of the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220.

[0644] The TFT may be electrically connected to the light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device and is covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or any combination thereof. The light-emitting device may be provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

[0645] The first electrode 110 may be located on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be positioned to expose certain regions of the drain electrode 270, not completely cover the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be positioned to be electrically connected to the exposed region of the drain electrode 270.

[0646] The pixel defining layer 290 containing an insulating material may be located on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may expose a certain area of the first electrode 110, and the intermediate layer 150 may be formed in the exposed area of the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may be a polyimide or polyacrylic acid organic film. Although not shown in Figure 4 , at least some layers of the intermediate layer 150 may extend beyond the upper portion of the pixel defining layer 290 and may thus be positioned in the form of a common layer.

[0647] The second electrode 190 may be located on the intermediate layer 150, and a cover layer 170 may be additionally formed on the second electrode 190. The cover layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 190.

[0648] The encapsulation part 300 may be located on the cover layer 170. The encapsulation part 300 may be located on the light-emitting device to protect the light-emitting device from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation part 300 may include: an inorganic film containing silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; an organic film containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic-based resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy-based resins (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE), etc.), or any combination thereof; or any combination of an inorganic film and an organic film.

[0649] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to other embodiments.

[0650] Figure 5 The light-emitting device of Figure 4 may be the same light-emitting device as Figure 4 , but the first sub-pixel P1 and the second sub-pixel P2 may be arranged in the intermediate layer, and additionally, the light-blocking pattern 500 and the functional region 400 may be located on the upper part of the encapsulation part 300. The functional region 400 may be i) a color filter region, ii) a color conversion region, or iii) a combination of a color filter region and a color conversion region. According to an embodiment, the light-emitting device included in Figure 5 the electronic device may be a series light-emitting device.

[0651] Figure 6 description of

[0652] Figure 6is a perspective view schematically showing an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. The electronic device 1 may be a device for displaying moving images or still images, and may be a portable electronic device, such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a mobile communication terminal, an electronic notepad, an e-book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, or an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC), and various products, such as a television, a laptop computer, a monitor, a billboard, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., or components thereof. The electronic device 1 may be a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, a watch phone, a glasses-type display, or a head-mounted display (HMD)) or a component of a wearable device. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device 1 may be an instrument panel of a vehicle and a center panel of the vehicle, or a center information display disposed on the instrument panel of the vehicle, an in-vehicle mirror display replacing a side mirror of the vehicle, an entertainment display for the rear seat of the vehicle, or a display disposed on the back surface of the front seat, or a head-up display (HUD) mounted in front of the vehicle or projected onto the front windshield, a computer-generated holographic augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of explanation, Figure 6 illustrates a case where the electronic device 1 may be a smartphone.

[0653] The electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device may implement an image through an array of a plurality of pixels that may be two-dimensionally disposed in the display area DA.

[0654] The non-display area NDA may be an area where no image is displayed, and may completely surround the display area DA. On the non-display area NDA, a driver for supplying an electrical signal or power to the display device disposed on the display area DA may be disposed. On the non-display area NDA, pads may be disposed, and the pads may be areas to which an electronic component or a printed circuit board may be electrically connected.

[0655] In the electronic device 1, the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction may be different from each other. In an embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, the length in the x-axis direction may be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be longer than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0656] Figure 7 and Figures 8A to 8C description of]

[0657] Figure 7 ​It is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle 1000 which is an electronic device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. Figures 8A to 8C They are schematic diagrams of the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to various embodiments.

[0658] Reference Figure 7 、 Figure 8A 、 Figure 8B and Figure 8C ,The vehicle 1000 may refer to various devices that move a transport object such as a person, an object, an animal, etc. from a starting point to a destination. The vehicle 1000 may include vehicles traveling on roads or tracks, ships moving on the sea or rivers, and airplanes flying in the air by utilizing the action of air, etc.

[0659] The vehicle 1000 may travel on a road or track. The vehicle 1000 may move in a specific direction according to the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, the vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction machinery, two-wheeled vehicles, prime mover devices, bicycles, and trains traveling on tracks.

[0660] The vehicle 1000 may include a main body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis in which mechanical devices required for driving, which are the remaining components other than the main body, may be installed. The exterior of the vehicle main body may include a front panel, a valve cover, a top panel, a rear panel, a trunk, and pillars provided at the boundaries between the doors. The chassis of the vehicle 1000 may include a power generation device, a power transmission device, a driving device, a steering device, a braking device, a suspension device, a transmission device, a fuel device, front and rear wheels, left and right wheels, etc.

[0661] The vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirrors 1300, a cluster unit 1400, a center panel 1500, a passenger seat instrument panel 1600, and a display device 2.

[0662] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 may be separated by a pillar disposed between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0663] The side window glass 1100 may be installed on the side of the vehicle 1000. In an embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may be installed on the door of the vehicle 1000. A plurality of side window glass 1100 may be provided and may face each other. In an embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may include a first side window glass 1110 and a second side window glass 1120. In an embodiment, the first side window glass 1110 may be arranged adjacent to the cluster unit 1400. The second side window glass 1120 may be arranged adjacent to the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0664] In an embodiment, the side window glasses 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or the -x-axis direction (e.g., a direction opposite to the x-axis direction). For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or in the -x-axis direction. In other words, the virtual straight line L connecting the side window glasses 1100 may extend in the x-axis direction or the -x-axis direction. For example, the virtual straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may extend in the x-axis direction or in the -x-axis direction.

[0665] The front window glass 1200 may be installed in front of the vehicle 1000. The front window glass 1200 may be disposed between the side window glasses 1100 facing each other.

[0666] The side mirror 1300 may provide a rear view of the vehicle 1000. The side mirror 1300 may be installed outside the vehicle body. In an embodiment, a plurality of side mirrors 1300 may be provided. Any one of the plurality of side mirrors 1300 may be disposed outside the first side window glass 1110. Another one of the plurality of side mirrors 1300 may be disposed outside the second side window glass 1120.

[0667] The cluster unit 1400 may be disposed in front of the steering wheel. The cluster unit 1400 may include a tachometer, a speedometer, a coolant thermometer, a fuel gauge, a turn indicator, a high beam indicator, a warning light, a seat belt warning light, an odometer, a speed recorder, an automatic transmission selector lever indicator, a door open warning light, an oil warning light, and / or a low fuel warning light.

[0668] The center panel 1500 may include a control panel on which a plurality of buttons for adjusting an audio device, an air conditioning device, and a seat heater may be disposed. The center panel 1500 may be disposed on one side of the cluster unit 1400.

[0669] The passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be spaced apart from the cluster unit 1400, with the center panel 1500 disposed therebetween. In an embodiment, the cluster unit 1400 may be disposed corresponding to the driver's seat (not shown), and the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be disposed corresponding to the passenger seat (not shown). In an embodiment, the cluster unit 1400 may be adjacent to the first side window glass 1110, and the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be adjacent to the second side window glass 1120.

[0670] In an embodiment, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 may display an image. The display device 2 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000. In an embodiment, the display device 2 may be disposed between side window glasses 1100 facing each other. The display device 2 may be disposed on at least one of the cluster unit 1400, the center panel 1500, and the passenger seat dashboard 1600.

[0671] The display device 2 may include an organic light-emitting display device, an inorganic electroluminescent (EL) display device, a quantum dot display device, etc. Hereinafter, as the display device 2 according to an embodiment, an organic light-emitting display device including a light-emitting device according to the present disclosure will be described as an example, but various types of display devices as described above may be used in the embodiment.

[0672] Reference Figure 8A , the display device 2 may be disposed on the center panel 1500. In an embodiment, the display device 2 may display navigation information. In an embodiment, the display device 2 may display audio, video, and / or information about vehicle settings.

[0673] Reference Figure 8B , the display device 2 may be disposed on the cluster unit 1400. When the display device 2 may be disposed on the cluster unit 1400, the cluster unit 1400 may display driving information, etc. through the display device 2. That is, the cluster unit 1400 may be digitally implemented. The cluster unit (e.g., digital cluster unit) 1400 may display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, the needle and gauge of the tachometer and various warning light icons may be displayed through digital signals.

[0674] Reference Figure 8C , the display device 2 may be disposed on the passenger seat dashboard 1600. The display device 2 may be embedded in the passenger seat dashboard 1600 or disposed on the passenger seat dashboard 1600. In an embodiment, the display device 2 disposed on the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may display an image related to the information displayed on the cluster unit 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center panel 1500. In other embodiments, the display device 2 disposed on the passenger seat device dashboard 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on the cluster unit 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center panel 1500.

[0675] [Manufacturing Method]

[0676] The layers included in the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers included in the electron transport region can be formed in certain regions by using various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI), etc.

[0677] In the case where the layers included in the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers included in the electron transport region can be formed by vacuum deposition, depending on the materials to be included in the layers to be formed and the structure of the layers to be formed, the deposition temperature can be from about 100 °C to about 500 °C, about 10 -8 torr to about 10 -3 torr of vacuum degree and about to about deposition rate for deposition.

[0678] [Definition of Terms]

[0679] As used herein, the term "C3-C 60 carbocyclic group" can be a cyclic group composed of carbon atoms as the only ring-forming atoms and having 3 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 20, 3 to 15, or 3 to 10 carbon atoms). As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 heterocyclic group" can be a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms) and further containing at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms. C3-C 60 carbocyclic group and C1-C 60 heterocyclic group can each be a monocyclic group composed of one ring or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings can be fused to each other. For example, C1-C 60 heterocyclic group can have 3 to 61 ring-forming atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 20, 3 to 15, or 3 to 10 ring-forming atoms).

[0680] As used herein, the term "cyclic group" can be a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group.

[0681] As used herein, the term "π - electron rich C3-C 60 cyclic group" can be a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 20, 3 to 15, or 3 to 10 carbon atoms) and can not contain *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety. As used herein, the term "nitrogen-containing π - electron deficient C1-C60 The "cyclic group" can be a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms) and may contain *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety.

[0682] In an embodiment,

[0683] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be a T1 group or a group in which two or more T1 groups are fused to each other (e.g., a cyclopentadienyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a benzophenanthrene group, a pyrene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a heptalene group, a tetracene group, a picene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, an indenophenanthrene group or an indenanthracene group),

[0684] C1-C 60The heterocyclic group can be a T2 group, a group in which two or more T2 groups can be fused to each other, or a group in which one or more T2 groups and one or more T1 groups can be fused to each other (e.g., pyrrole group, thiophene group, furan group, indole group, benzindole group, naphthindole group, isoindole group, benzoisoindole group, naphthobenzoisoindole group, benzosilole group, benzothiophene group, benzofuran group, carbazole group, dibenzosilole group, dibenzothiophene group, dibenzofuran group, indolocarbazole group, indolocarbazole group, benzofurancarbazole group, benzothiophenocarbazole group, benzosilolecarbazole group, benzindolocarbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthofuran group, benzonaphthothiophene group, benzonaphthosilole group, benzofurandibenzofuran group, benzofurandibenzothiophene group, benzothiophendibenzothiophene group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benzoisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzoisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benzoisoquinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthroline group, cinnoline group, phthalazine group, naphthyridine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyrazine group, imidazopyridazine group, azacarbazole group, azafluorene group, azadibenzosilole group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.),

[0685] π-electron-rich C3-C 60 The cyclic group can be a T1 group, a group in which two or more T1 groups can be fused to each other, a T3 group, a group in which two or more T3 groups can be fused to each other, or a group in which one or more T3 groups and one or more T1 groups can be fused to each other (e.g., C3-C 60carbocyclic groups, 1H-pyrrole groups, silole groups, borole groups, 2H-pyrrole groups, 3H-pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, indole groups, benzoindole groups, naphthoindole groups, isoindole groups, benzoisoindole groups, naphthoisoindole groups, benzosilole groups, benzothiophene groups, benzofuran groups, carbazole groups, dibenzosilole groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzofuran groups, indeno-carbazole groups, indolo-carbazole groups, benzofuro-carbazole groups, benzothieno-carbazole groups, benzosilolo-carbazole groups, benzoindolo-carbazole groups, benzocarbazole groups, benzonaphthofuran groups, benzonaphthothiophene groups, benzonaphthosilole groups, benzofuro-dibenzofuran groups, benzofuro-dibenzothiophene groups, benzothieno-dibenzothiophene groups, etc.), and

[0686] π-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 The cyclic group can be a T4 group, where two or more T4 groups can be fused to each other, where one or more T4 groups and one or more T1 groups can be fused to each other, where one or more T4 groups and one or more T3 groups can be fused to each other, or where one or more T4 groups, one or more T1 groups, and one or more T3 groups can be fused to each other (e.g., pyrazole groups, imidazole groups, triazole groups, oxazole groups, isoxazole groups, oxadiazole groups, thiazole groups, isothiazole groups, thiadiazole groups, benzopyrazole groups, benzimidazole groups, benzoxazole groups, benzisoxazole groups, benzothiazole groups, benzisothiazole groups, pyridine groups, pyrimidine groups, pyrazine groups, pyridazine groups, triazine groups, quinoline groups, isoquinoline groups, benzoquinoline groups, benzoisoquinoline groups, quinoxaline groups, benzoquinoxaline groups, quinazoline groups, benzoquinazoline groups, phenanthroline groups, cinnoline groups, phthalazine groups, naphthyridine groups, imidazopyridine groups, imidazopyrimidine groups, imidazotriazine groups, imidazopyrazine groups, imidazopyridazine groups, azacarbazole groups, azafluorene groups, azadibenzosilole groups, azadibenzothiophene groups, azadibenzofuran groups, etc.), where

[0687] The T1 group can be a cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclobutene group, cyclopentene group, cyclopentadiene group, cyclohexene group, cyclohexadiene group, cycloheptene group, adamantyl group, norbornane (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) group, norbornene group, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group or a benzene group,

[0688] The T2 group can be a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an aza-silole group, an aza-borole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a tetrazine group, a pyrrolidinyl group, an imidazolidinyl group, a dihydropyrrole group, a piperidine group, a tetrahydropyridine group, a dihydropyridine group, a hexahydropyrimidine group, a tetrahydropyrimidine group, a dihydropyrimidine group, a piperazine group, a tetrahydropyrazine group, a dihydropyrazine group, a tetrahydropyridazine group or a dihydropyridazine group,

[0689] The T3 group can be a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group or a borole group, and

[0690] The T4 group can be a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an aza-silole group, an aza-borole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group or a tetrazine group.

[0691] As used herein, the terms "cyclic group", "C3-C 60 carbocyclic group", "C1-C 60 heterocyclic group", "π-electron-rich C3-C 60 cyclic group" and "π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group" can each be a group, a monovalent group or a polyvalent group (e.g., a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, etc.) having a structure according to a formula in which the respective term can be used, and which is fused to any cyclic group. For example, a "benzene group" can be a benzo group, a phenyl group, a phenylene group, etc., which can be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art from the structure of a formula including the "benzene group".

[0692] Examples of monovalent C3-C 60 carbocyclic groups or monovalent C1-C 60 heterocyclic groups can include C3-C 10 cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl groups, C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups. Divalent C3-C60 A carbocyclic group or a divalent C1-C 60 Examples of the heterocyclic group can include C3-C 10 A cycloalkylidene group, C1-C 10 A heterocycloalkylidene group, C3-C 10 A cycloalkenylidene group, C1-C 10 A heterocycloalkenylidene group, C6-C 60 An arylidene group, C1-C 60 A heteroarylidene group, a divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and a divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0693] As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 alkyl group" can be a straight-chain or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., from 1 to 30, from 1 to 20, from 1 to 15, or from 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and examples thereof can include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, a n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, a n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, a n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, a n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 alkylidene group" can include a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C 60 alkyl group.

[0694] As used herein, the term "C2-C 60 alkenyl group" can be a monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds at the middle or end of the C2-C 60 alkyl group, and examples thereof can include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "C2-C 60 alkenylidene group" can be a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C 60 alkenyl group.

[0695] As used herein, the term "C2-C 60 alkynyl group" can be a monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds at the middle or end of the C2-C 60 alkyl group, and examples thereof can include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "C2-C 60"The alkynylene group" may be a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C 60 alkynyl group.

[0696] As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 alkoxy group" may be a monovalent group represented by -O(A 101 )(wherein A 101 may be a C1-C 60 alkyl group), and examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an isopropoxy group, etc.

[0697] As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group" may be a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group), a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 subcycloalkyl group" may include a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C 10 cycloalkyl group.

[0698] As used herein, the term "C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group" may be a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that further includes at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms as a ring-forming atom, and examples thereof may include a 1,2,3,4-oxadiazolyl group, a tetrahydrofuryl group, a tetrahydrothienyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "C1-C 10 subheterocycloalkyl group" may be a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl group.

[0699] As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group" may be a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its cyclic structure and having no aromaticity, and examples thereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "C3-C 10 subcycloalkenyl group" may be a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl group.

[0700] As used herein, the term "C1-C 10The "heterocycloalkenyl group" can be a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that further contains at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms as a ring-forming atom in its cyclic structure and has at least one double bond. C1-C 10 Examples of the heterocycloalkenyl group can include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxadiazolyl group, 2,3-dihydrofuryl group, 2,3-dihydrothienyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "C1-C 10 The "heterocycloalkenylene group" can be a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

[0701] As used herein, the term "C6-C 60 aryl group" can be a monovalent group of a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 6 to 30, 6 to 20, 6 to 15, or 6 to 10 carbon atoms), and as used herein, the term "C6-C 60 arylene group" can be a divalent group of a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 6 to 30, 6 to 20, 6 to 15, or 6 to 10 carbon atoms). C6-C 60 Examples of the aryl group can include phenyl group, pentaphenylenyl group, naphthyl group, azulene group, indacenyl group, acenaphthylenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzophenanthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, group, perylenyl group, pentaphenyl group, heptaphenylenyl group, tetracenyl group, picenyl group, hexaphenyl group, pentaphenyl group, rubicenyl group, coronenyl group, ovalenyl group, etc. In the case where the C6-C 60 aryl group and the C6-C 60 arylene group each contain two or more rings, the respective rings can be fused to each other.

[0702] As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 heteroaryl group" can be a monovalent group of a heteroaromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms) that further contains at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms as a ring-forming atom. As used herein, the term "C1-C 60 heteroarylene group" can be a divalent group of a heteroaromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms) that further contains at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms as a ring-forming atom. C1-C 60Examples of heteroaryl groups can include pyridyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolinyl groups, benzoquinolinyl groups, isoquinolinyl groups, benzoisoquinolinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, benzoquinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, benzoquinazolinyl groups, cinnolinyl groups, phenanthrolinyl groups, phthalazinyl groups, naphthyridinyl groups, etc. In the case where the heteroaryl group and the C1-C 60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C 60 sub-heteroaryl group each contain two or more than two rings, the respective rings can be fused to each other.

[0703] As used herein, the term "monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" can be a monovalent group (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms, e.g., 8 to 30, 8 to 20, 8 to 15, or 8 to 10 carbon atoms), which has two or more than two rings fused to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups can include indenyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-bifluorenyl groups, benzofluorenyl groups, indeno-phenanthrenyl groups, indeno-anthracenyl groups, etc. As used herein, the term "divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" can be a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0704] As used herein, the term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" may be a monovalent group (e.g., having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, such as from 1 to 30, from 1 to 20, from 1 to 15, or from 1 to 10 carbon atoms), which has two or more rings fused to each other, further containing at least one heteroatom other than carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms and not having aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group may include pyrrolyl group, thienyl group, furyl group, indolyl group, benzindolyl group, naphthylindolyl group, isoindolyl group, benzisoindolyl group, naphthisoindolyl group, benzosilolyl group, benzothienyl group, benzofuryl group, carbazolyl group, dibenzosilolyl group, dibenzothienyl group, dibenzofuryl group, azacarbazolyl group, azafuryl group, azadibenzosilolyl group, azadibenzothienyl group, azadibenzofuryl group, pyrazolyl group, imidazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, benzopyrazolyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzoxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, imidazopyridyl group, imidazopyrimidyl group, imidazotriazinyl group, imidazopyrazinyl group, imidazopyridazinyl group, indolocarbazolyl group, indolocarbazolyl group, benzofurocarbazolyl group, benzothienocarbazolyl group, benzosilolocarbazolyl group, benzindolocarbazolyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, benzonaphthofuryl group, benzonaphthothienyl group, benzonaphthosilolyl group, benzofurodibenzofuryl group, benzofurodibenzothienyl group, benzothienodibenzothienyl group, etc. As used herein, the term "divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" may be a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0705] As used herein, the term "C6-C 60 aryloxy group" may be a group represented by -O(A 102 )(wherein A 102 may be a C6-C 60 aryl group), and as used herein, the term "C6-C 60 arylthio group" may be a group represented by -S(A 103 )(wherein A 103 may be a C6-C 60 aryl group).

[0706] As used herein, the term "C7-C 60 arylalkyl group" may be a group represented by -(A 104)(A 105 )(wherein A 104 may be a C1-C 54 alkylene group, and A 105 may be a C6-C 59 aryl group), and as used herein, the term "C2-C 60 heteroarylalkyl group" may be represented by -(A 106 )(A 107 )(wherein A 106 may be a C1-C 59 alkylene group, and A 107 may be a C1-C 59 heteroaryl group).

[0707] In the specification, the group "R 10a " may be:

[0708] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group;

[0709] each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C 60 aryloxy group, a C6-C 60 arylthio group, a C7-C 60 arylalkyl group, a C2-C 60 heteroarylalkyl group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof-substituted C1-C 60 alkyl group, a C2-C 60 alkenyl group, a C2-C 60 alkynyl group or a C1-C 60 alkoxy group;

[0710] each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, a C2-C 60Alkenyl group, C2-C 60 Alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio group, C7-C 60 Arylalkyl group, C2-C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 )、-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof substituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio group, C7-C 60 Arylalkyl group or C2-C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group; or

[0711] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 )。

[0712] In this specification, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 、Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 can each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl group; cyano group; nitro group; C1-C 60 alkyl group; C2-C 60 alkenyl group; C2-C60 Alkynyl group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; each unsubstituted or substituted by deuterium, -F, cyano group, C1-C 60 Alkyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group or any combination thereof substituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group; C7-C 60 Arylalkyl group; or C2-C 60 Heteroarylalkyl group.

[0713] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" can be any atom other than a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom, and the number of heteroatoms can be from 1 to 10, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Examples of heteroatoms can include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se or any combination thereof.

[0714] In the specification, the term "Ph" refers to a phenyl group, the term "Me" refers to a methyl group, the term "Et" refers to an ethyl group, the terms "tert-Bu" and "Bu t " each refer to a tert-butyl group, and the term "OMe" refers to a methoxy group.

[0715] As used herein, the term "biphenyl group" can be "a phenyl group substituted by a phenyl group". For example, the "biphenyl group" can be a substituted phenyl group having a C6-C 60 Aryl group as a substituent.

[0716] As used herein, the term "terphenyl group" can be "a phenyl group substituted by a biphenyl group". For example, the "terphenyl group" can be a substituted phenyl group having a C6-C 60 Aryl group substituted by a C6-C 60 Aryl group as a substituent.

[0717] In the specification, the terms "x-axis", "y-axis" and "z-axis" may not be limited to the three axes in a rectangular coordinate system (e.g., a Cartesian coordinate system), and may be interpreted in a broader sense than the three axes in the aforementioned rectangular coordinate system. For example, the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis can be axes orthogonal to each other, or can be axes in different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0718] In the specification, unless otherwise defined, the symbols * and *' each refer to the binding site to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or moiety.

[0719] Hereinafter, the compounds according to the embodiments and the light-emitting devices according to the embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the following synthesis examples and examples. The phrase "using B instead of A" used to describe the synthesis examples means using an equimolar equivalent of B instead of A.

[0720] [Examples]

[0721] Example 1

[0722] On a first electrode, a first emission unit is formed. Specifically, a compound M20 doped with CGP59 (2%) is deposited on the first electrode to a thickness of 10 nm to form a first hole injection layer, and the compound M20 is deposited on the first hole injection layer to a thickness of about 20 nm to form a first hole transport layer as a common layer. Then, a first red emission layer is formed by depositing a R1 dopant (2%, R region) doped on Host1 to a thickness of about 40 nm to overlap the first sub-pixel region on the first hole transport layer, a first green emission layer is formed by depositing a G1 dopant (8%, G region) doped on a host (which can be mixed with Host2-1 and Host2-2 in a weight ratio of 1:1) to a thickness of about 35 nm to overlap with the second sub-pixel region, and a first blue emission layer is formed by depositing a B1 dopant (2%, B region) doped on compound BH to a thickness of about 20 nm to overlap with the third sub-pixel region, thereby forming a first light-emitting region as a pattern layer. Then, the compound ET39 is deposited to a thickness of about 10 nm to form a first electron transport layer as a common layer.

[0723] Then, a charge generation unit is formed on the upper part of the first electron transport layer. Specifically, red phenanthroline (Bphen) doped with Li (2%) is formed to a thickness of about 10 nm, and a compound M16 doped with CGP1 (5%) is deposited to a thickness of about 5 nm to form a charge generation layer as a common layer.

[0724] Then, a second emission unit is formed on the charge generation layer. Specifically, compound M16 is deposited on the charge generation layer to a thickness of about 40 nm to form a second hole transport layer as a common layer. Thereafter, compound HT18 is deposited on the second hole transport layer to a thickness of about 20 nm to overlap with the first sub-pixel region to form a second red emission assisting layer, compound HT37 is deposited on the second hole transport layer to a thickness of about 10 nm to overlap with the second sub-pixel region to form a second green emission assisting layer, and compound HT22 is deposited on the second hole transport layer to a thickness of about 10 nm to overlap with the third sub-pixel region to form a second blue emission assisting layer, thereby forming a second emission assisting layer as a pattern layer. Then, a second light-emitting region is formed as a pattern layer on the red, green, and blue emission assisting layers. The second light-emitting region and the first emission unit have the same material and the same structure. Thereafter, compound ET37 is deposited to a thickness of about 10 nm as a common electron assisting layer, and compound ET33 is deposited to a thickness of about 25 nm to form a second electron transport layer as a common layer.

[0725] Then, Mg:Ag (10%) is deposited on the second emission unit to form a second electrode having a thickness of about . Thereafter, compound CP5 is deposited on the second electrode to a thickness of about 60 nm to form a cover layer as a common layer to fabricate a light-emitting device. Each layer is formed by vacuum deposition.

[0726]

[0727] Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4

[0728] The light-emitting devices of Examples 2 to 4 are fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, but the compounds listed in Table 1 below are used as the materials for the first hole injection layer and the first p-type charge generation layer.

[0729] The light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, but the compounds listed in Table 1 below are used as the materials for the first hole injection layer and the first p-type charge generation layer, and compound M16 is deposited to the same thickness as the second emission assisting layer instead of forming the second emission assisting layer in the second emission unit.

[0730] Evaluation Example 1: Evaluation of Characteristics of Light-Emitting Device

[0731] In the case of driving the patterned light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 with red, green, and blue, respectively, the turn-on voltage (V on ) at 1 nit, the driving voltage at 1,000 nits (V@1,000 nits), the luminous efficiency, the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum, and the service life (T 95 ) were measured using a Keithley SMU 236 and a photometer PR650 Spectroscan Source Measurement Part. (PhotoResearch), respectively, and the results are shown as relative values in Table 1 below. For each of the light-emitting devices of Example 4 and Comparative Example 1, the resistivity in the lateral direction of the first hole injection layer was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0732] T 95 The service life can be a measure of the time taken for the brightness to decrease to 95% when the initial brightness is set to 100% at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 . The measured EL spectra were normalized to evaluate whether color mixing occurred as follows, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0733] Evaluation criteria for whether color mixing occurs

[0734] X: No color mixing occurs

[0735] △: A weak color mixing peak with an intensity less than 0.1 appears

[0736] ○: A color mixing peak with an intensity of 0.1 to 0.2 appears

[0737] ◎: A strong color mixing peak with an intensity greater than 0.2 appears

[0738] [Table 1]

[0739]

[0740]

[0741] [Table 2]

[0742]

[0743] Referring to Table 1, it was found that the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 4 had a driving voltage at the same level or lower than that of the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4, had significantly excellent luminous efficiency and service life characteristics, and almost no color mixing occurred between sub-pixels.

[0744] Referring to Table 2, it is confirmed that the light-emitting device of Example 4 has significantly higher resistivity in the lateral direction compared to the light-emitting device of Comparative Example 1, and thus, the generation of lateral leakage current is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the occurrence of color mixing between sub-pixels.

[0745] According to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device has reduced lateral leakage current, as well as excellent efficiency, color purity, and service life characteristics, and can be used to manufacture high-quality electronic devices and consumer goods.

[0746] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered only in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. The description of each feature or aspect in an embodiment is generally considered applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as an intermediate layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein The intermediate layer comprises: m transmitting units; as well as m-1 charge generating units located between two adjacent transmitting units among the m transmitting units, m is an integer of at least 2, At least one of the m emission units includes a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, and The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel satisfy Inequality 1: [Inequality 1] V on2 -V on1 ≤0.2V In inequality 1, V on1 is the on-state voltage of the first sub-pixel, V on2 is the on-state voltage of the second sub-pixel, The on-voltage of the first sub-pixel is a voltage applied to the first sub-pixel when the brightness of the first sub-pixel is 1 nit, and The on-voltage of the second sub-pixel is a voltage applied to the second sub-pixel when the luminance of the second sub-pixel is 1 nit. 2 . The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a maximum emission wavelength of the first sub-pixel is longer than a maximum emission wavelength of the second sub-pixel.

3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel satisfy Inequality 2: [Inequality 2] V on2 -V on1 <0.2V, In inequality 2, V on1 is the on-state voltage of the first sub-pixel, V on2 is the on-state voltage of the second sub-pixel, The on-voltage of the first sub-pixel is a voltage applied to the first sub-pixel when the brightness of the first sub-pixel is 1 nit, and The on-voltage of the second sub-pixel is a voltage applied to the second sub-pixel when the luminance of the second sub-pixel is 1 nit. 4 . The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a distance between the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is 10 μm to 35 μm.

5. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein At least one of the m emission units further comprises a third sub-pixel, and The second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel satisfy Inequality 3: [Inequality 3] V on3 -V on2 ≤0.2V In inequality 3, V on2 is the on-state voltage of the second sub-pixel, V on3 is the on-state voltage of the third sub-pixel, The on-voltage of the second sub-pixel is a voltage applied to the second sub-pixel when the brightness of the second sub-pixel is 1 nit, and The on-voltage of the third subpixel is a voltage applied to the third subpixel when the luminance of the third subpixel is 1 nit. The light emitting device of claim 5 , wherein a maximum emission wavelength of the second sub-pixel is longer than a maximum emission wavelength of the third sub-pixel.

7. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein The first sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, The second sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, and The third sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel.

8. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein The m transmitting units each include a first transmitting unit and a second transmitting unit, The first emitting unit comprises a first light emitting area, The second emitting unit includes a second light emitting area, The first light emitting area and the second light emitting area include the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel respectively. The m-1 charge generating units include a first charge generating unit, and The first charge generation unit includes a first n-type charge generation layer and a first p-type charge generation layer.

9. The light emitting device according to claim 8, wherein The first emission unit further includes a first hole transport region located between the first electrode and the first light emitting region, The first hole transport region and the first p-type charge generation layer each include a charge generation dopant, and The charge generating dopant satisfies Inequality 11: [Inequality 11] LUMO(CGD)<-5.0eV In inequality 11, LUMO(CGD) is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the charge generating dopant.

10. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein The first hole transport region includes a first hole injection layer directly in contact with the first electrode, and The content of the charge generation dopant in the first hole injection layer is at least twice the content of the charge generation dopant in the first p-type charge generation layer.

11. The light emitting device according to claim 9, wherein The first hole transport region includes a first hole injection layer directly in contact with the first electrode, and The thickness of the first hole injection layer is at least twice the thickness of the first p-type charge generation layer of the first charge generation unit.

12. The light emitting device according to claim 8, wherein The first sub-pixel of the second light emitting area includes a second red emission layer, the second sub-pixel of the second light emitting area comprises a second green emission layer, and The second light emitting region further includes a second emission auxiliary layer directly contacting the second red emission layer. 13 . The light emitting device of claim 12 , wherein the second emission assisting layer is in direct contact with the first p-type charge generating layer.

14. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel each include an emission layer, The emission layer comprises a host and a dopant, and The content of the host is greater than the content of the dopant based on the weight of the emission layer. 15 . The light emitting device of claim 14 , wherein the dopant is a fluorescent dopant, a phosphorescent dopant, a delayed fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

16. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein Each of the m emission units further includes a hole transport region and / or an electron transport region, The hole transport region includes at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an emission auxiliary layer and an electron blocking layer, and The electron transport region includes at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.

17. An electronic device comprising the light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising: Thin film transistors, where The thin film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and The first electrode of the light emitting device is electrically connected to at least one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

19. A consumer product comprising the light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

20. The consumer product of claim 19, wherein the consumer product is a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a retractable display, a laser printer, a phone, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a tablet phone, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a video camera, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall with multiple displays stitched together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a light therapy device, or a sign.

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