Association between area ID and positioning method for AI / ML-based positioning

Abstract

Aspects presented herein relate to methods and apparatus, including apparatuses, such as UEs or network entities, for wireless communication. The apparatus may obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one of a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs. The apparatus may also perform at least one positioning method of the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs. The apparatus may also send a report of the at least one positioning method based on the UE being within the one of the one or more regions.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Greek Patent Application Serial No. 20220101010, filed on December 6, 2022, entitled "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AREA ID AND POSITIONING METHODS FOR AI / ML - BASED POSITIONING", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to communication systems, and more particularly, to positioning measurements in wireless communication systems. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ a multiple access technology capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single - Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) systems, and Time - Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD - SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., related to the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine - type communication (mMTC), and ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long - Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Additionally, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. It neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and a device are provided. The device may be a device for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) (e.g., a wireless device). The device may send an indication of UE capabilities for an association of a set of area IDs and a set of positioning methods to a network entity, wherein the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of the UE capabilities. The device may also send an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods. The device may also obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in a set of area identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more areas, wherein the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with the one or more areas, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. Additionally, the device may perform at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more areas associated with the set of area IDs. The device may also, after performing the at least one positioning method, send a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within the one of the one or more areas. The device may also perform at least one second positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second one of the one or more areas associated with the set of area IDs, wherein the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first area ID of the one area is different from a second area ID of the second area. Further, the device may send a second report of the at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within the second one of the one or more areas.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity (e.g., a server or a Location Management Function (LMF)). The apparatus may receive an indication of UE capabilities for an association of a set of area IDs with a set of positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of the UE capabilities. The apparatus may also receive an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods. The apparatus may further configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. Additionally, the apparatus may send a request to a user equipment (UE) to execute the set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in the set of area IDs associated with the one or more areas, wherein the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with the one or more areas. The apparatus may also receive a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more areas. The apparatus may also receive a second report of at least one second positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second area of the one or more areas, wherein the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first area ID of the one area is different from a second area ID of the second area.

[0009] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features described comprehensively hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink (DL) channel within a subframe in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink (UL) channel within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating examples of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements.

[0017] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system.

[0018] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a positioning process.

[0019] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example area for positioning measurements.

[0020] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example communication flow for an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) training process.

[0021] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating an example area for a positioning method.

[0022] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example area for a positioning method.

[0023] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example reporting configuration for a positioning session.

[0024] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example positioning model for different UE capabilities.

[0025] Figure 13 is a communication flow diagram illustrating an example communication between a UE and a network entity.

[0026] Figure 14 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0027] Figure 15 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0028] Figure 16 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0029] Figure 17 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0030] Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example device and / or network entity.

[0031] Figure 19 It is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation for exemplifying a network entity.

[0032] Figure 20 It is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware implementation for exemplifying a network entity. Detailed implementation

[0033] The different aspects of positioning may also utilize preconfigured downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) assistance data (AD). The preconfigured DL PRS AD may refer to DL-PRS assistance data (with associated validity criteria) that can be provided to a UE (e.g., before or during an ongoing LTE positioning protocol (LPP) positioning session) and then used at a later time for potential positioning measurements (e.g., for a deferred mobile-terminated location request (MT-LR)). In some aspects, the preconfigured DL-PRS assistance data may include multiple instances, where each instance may be applicable to different regions within the network. Additionally, each DL-PRS assistance data instance may be associated with a region identifier (ID). In some instances, the region ID may include a list of cells in which the UE may reside / connect. Furthermore, the applicable region ID at the UE's location may be selected based on the cell in which the UE resides / connects. If the UE resides / connects to one of the cells indicated in the list of cells within the region ID, the instance of the assistance data may be valid / selected. In some aspects, there may be variations in model performance for positioning methods or measurements. For example, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) models based on neural networks (NN) may be unreliable. Since ML can be considered a data-driven solution, the quality of the data can determine the performance of downlink (DL) applications. However, the real-world deployment environment may be more complex than expected, and the performance of the deployed models may be worse. For example, during the model preparation phase (e.g., training / validation / testing), the prepared data set may not cover all potential scenarios. Therefore, the model performance in inference may vary significantly in different environments. To ensure performance, the system may monitor the model state and be configured to optimize the model when the performance is poor. For example, in model state monitoring, ML model interruption detection can ensure the basic communication link. Additionally, the ML output can be verified (e.g., through values or traditional models / algorithms). If the output may be incorrect, the inference host may alternatively use traditional models / algorithms. Furthermore, some aspects of AI / ML model monitoring may include at least one of the following: periodic model state reporting, UE-triggered model state reporting, network-triggered UE reporting, model fallback, or network actions for model updates. Additionally, in some aspects, there may be model switching for AI / ML models. As ML utilizes data-driven solutions, different ML models can be designed to adapt to different conditions and tasks. For flexible model management, the models can be grouped into different sets with different grouping rules. For example, the models can be grouped into different sets based on model complexity. Additionally, the models can be grouped into different sets based on model functions or tasks. For some groups, the network may need to trigger a group switch to adapt to different conditions. In some examples, there may be many grouping rules, and the grouping may be based on one rule or a combination of some rules.In one case, a group can be mapped to a single ML model, where a group switch is equal to a single model configuration. If conventional algorithms are grouped, the model group switch can also include configurations between conventional algorithms and ML models. Some types of positioning can utilize direct AI / ML positioning. For example, direct AI / ML positioning can include details of channel observations used as inputs to AI / ML model inference (e.g., the type and size of model inputs), model input acquisition, and preprocessing. Other types of positioning can utilize AI / ML-assisted positioning. For example, AI / ML-assisted positioning can include details of channel observations used as inputs to AI / ML model inference (e.g., the type and size of model inputs), model input acquisition, and preprocessing. Additionally, AI / ML-assisted positioning can include details of the output of AI / ML model inference, or how to use the AI / ML model output to obtain the location of the UE. In some aspects, different sectors / sites can perform in different ways for a given positioning method. In fact, there may be a trade-off between power and positioning accuracy. For example, carrier phase measurements can perform better and / or have a huge performance loss in line-of-sight, indoor scenarios. Additionally, the performance of TOA may be better compared to AOD and cooperative positioning (CP) in non-line-of-sight (NLOS). Based on the training available for the ML model, ML may perform better and / or worse compared to traditional 5G positioning methods. Additionally, the dilution of precision (DOP) may be different for different methods. Aspects of the present disclosure can provide information on which positioning method will perform better for a given location. For example, the aspects presented herein can provide information on which positioning method will perform better for a given location to select a suitable positioning method. For example, the aspects presented herein can provide information to a wireless device (e.g., a UE or a location management function (LMF)) on which positioning method will perform better for a given location to select a suitable positioning method. By doing so, the wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) can select a suitable or ideal positioning method for the corresponding cell / area or area ID. In some instances, the aspects presented herein can provide a request to execute a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more cells / areas. Additionally, the set of positioning methods can correspond to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs. Furthermore, the wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) can execute at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being in a certain cell area. Thus, a suitable or ideal positioning method can be executed for the corresponding cell / area or area ID. Therefore, the wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) can save power and / or performance during the positioning process.

[0034] The following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed description includes specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0035] Certain aspects of a telecommunications system are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various boxes, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0036] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic components, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software should be broadly construed to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, execution threads, processes, functions, or any combination thereof, regardless of whether it is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms.

[0037] Thus, in one or more example aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality can be stored or encoded on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium capable of storing computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0038] While aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases are described herein by way of illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, embodiments, and use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may be embodied via integrated chips and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to a use case or application, the examples described may have broad applicability. Aspects, embodiments, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level embodiments, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the aspects and features described herein may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated components, or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0039] The deployment of a communication system such as a 5G NR system can be arranged in various ways using various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of the network, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a stand-alone BS or monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0040] A centralized base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A split base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed among one or more other RAN nodes. A DU can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0041] Base station operation or network design can consider the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, a split base station can be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN, such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Splitting can include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which can achieve flexibility in network design. The various units of a split base station or a split RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0042] Figure 1 FIG. 100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a split base station architecture. The split base station architecture can include one or more CUs 110, which can communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more split base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 can communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a respective midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 can communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a respective fronthaul link. The RU 140 can communicate with a respective UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some embodiments, the UE 104 can be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0043] Each unit (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and the near RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces, which are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the units may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) that is configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0044] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, CU 110 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0045] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high Physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, and demodulation, etc.) at least partially according to a functional split (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with the control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0046] The lower layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RUs 140 controlled by the DU 130 can correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both, at least in part based on function splitting (such as lower layer function splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 140 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some embodiments, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control plane and user plane communication with the RU 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 130 and CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0047] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment and provisioning of RANs for non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near RT RIC 125. In some embodiments, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some embodiments, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 can also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0048] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via the A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via the E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB to the near-RT RIC 125.

[0049] In some embodiments, to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or at the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 can monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0050] At least one of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as base station 102. Thus, base station 102 may include one or more of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides an access point to core network 120 for UE 104. Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may pass through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation with a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.). These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0051] Certain UEs 104 may use device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158 to communicate with each other. D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0052] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with the UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in an unlicensed spectrum such as the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0053] The electromagnetic spectrum is generally subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band. Regarding FR2, a similar naming issue sometimes occurs, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the "millimeter wave" band.

[0054] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating frequency bands for these mid-band frequencies as Frequency Range Designation FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). The bands falling within FR3 may inherit the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2, and thus can effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to the mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating frequency bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0055] Considering the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "sub-6 GHz" etc. is used in this document, it may broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "millimeter wave" etc. is used in this document, it may broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0056] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signal 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmission directions. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from base station 102 in one or more reception directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signal 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmission directions. Base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more reception directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal reception and transmission directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmission and reception directions of base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmission and reception directions of UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0057] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, transceiver base station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmission reception point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable term. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, a centralized (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or may be implemented as a distributed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A set of base stations including distributed base stations and / or centralized base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0058] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, in general, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / locationing servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, a Position Determination Entity (PDE), a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the location of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, location estimation, and speed calculation based on these measurements. The signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or one or more of other satellite positioning / locationing systems), an LTE signal, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signal, a Bluetooth signal, a Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round-trip time (multi-RTT), DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD), DL Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA), UL Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0059] Examples of the UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other device with similar functionality. Some of the UEs in the UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, cell phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network jointly and / or access the network individually. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network jointly and / or access the network individually. Network nodes can be implemented as base stations (i.e., aggregated base stations), disaggregated base stations, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, relay nodes, sidelink nodes, etc. Network entities can be implemented as base stations (i.e., aggregated base stations), or alternatively, as a central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), radio unit (RU), near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or non-real-time (non RT) RIC in a disaggregated base station architecture.

[0060] Refer again to Figure 1, in some aspects, the UE 104 may include a location component 198 that may be configured to send an indication of UE capabilities for an association of a set of area IDs with a set of positioning methods to a network entity, where the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of UE capabilities. The location component 198 may also be configured to send an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods. The location component 198 may also be configured to obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in a set of area identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more areas, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. The location component 198 may also be configured to perform at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of one or more areas associated with the set of area IDs. The location component 198 may also be configured to, after performing at least one positioning method, send a report of at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within one of one or more areas. The location component 198 may also be configured to perform at least one second positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second one of one or more areas associated with the set of area IDs, where the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and the first area ID of one area is different from the second area ID of the second area. The location component 198 may also be configured to send a second report of the at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within the second one of one or more areas.

[0061] In some aspects, the LMF 166 and / or the set of location servers 168 may include a location component 199 that may be configured to receive an indication of UE capabilities for an association of a set of area IDs with a set of positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of UE capabilities. The location component 199 may also be configured to receive an indication of a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or favorable positioning methods. The location component 199 may also be configured to configure a positioning method configuration that includes a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. The location component 199 may also be configured to send, for a user equipment (UE), a request to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, wherein the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas. The location component 199 may also be configured to receive a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more areas. The location component 199 may also be configured to receive a second report of at least one second positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second area of the one or more areas, wherein the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method, and wherein a first area ID of one area is different from a second area ID of the second area. While the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar domains such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0062] Figure 2A FIG. 200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG. 230 is a diagram illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG. 250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG. 280 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) (wherein, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to DL or UL), or may be time division duplex (TDD) (wherein, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL). In Figure 2A 、 Figure 2CIn the provided example, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (where most are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexibly usable between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (where all are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 - 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all-DL and all-UL respectively. The other slot formats 2 - 61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format by receiving a slot format indicator (SFI) (configured dynamically via downlink control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0063] Figures 2A to 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. One frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe can include one or more slots. A subframe can also include mini-slots, which can include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot can include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot can include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot can include 12 symbols. The symbols on the DL can be cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also known as single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS), and effectively defines the symbol length / duration, which is equal to 1 / SCS.

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), the different parameter sets μ0 to 4 respectively allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ*15 kHz, where μ is a parameter set from 0 to 4. Thus, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 4 is 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example of parameter set μ = 2 with normal CP having 14 symbols per time slot and 4 time slots per subframe is provided. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within the frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0067] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0068] As Figure 2A illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for the UE. The RSs can include demodulation RSs (DM-RSs) (designated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) for channel estimation at the UE. The RSs can also include beam measurement RSs (BRSs), beam refinement RSs (BRRSs), and phase tracking RSs (PT-RSs).

[0069] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), where each CCE includes six Resource Element groups (REGs), and each REG includes 12 consecutive Resource Elements (REs) in the OFDM symbols of an RB. The PDCCH within a BWP can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring occasion on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs can be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) can be in symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and the physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) can be in symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the Master Information Block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the System Frame Number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0070] As Figure 2C illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (denoted as R for one specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the previous or the previous two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0071] Figure 2DIllustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located at the position indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0072] Figure 3 Is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a media access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with the broadcast of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and re-ordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0073] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols are then split into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream is mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream is space precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the encoding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from reference signals transmitted by the UE 350 and / or channel state feedback. Each spatial stream is then provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx modulates a radio frequency (RF) carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0074] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency-domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on the channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0075] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0076] Similar to the functionality described in connection with DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with the mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0077] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on reference signals or feedback sent by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select appropriate decoding and modulation schemes and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via a separate transmitter 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0078] UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0079] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using the ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0080] At least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects associated with Figure 1 location component 198. At least one of TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects associated with Figure 1 location component 199.

[0081] Figure 4 FIG. 400 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements. UE 404 may transmit UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_TX and receive a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 at time T PRS_RX . TRP 406 may receive UL-SRS 412 at time T SRS_RX and transmit DL-PRS 410 at time T PRS_TX . UE 404 may receive DL-PRS 410 before transmitting UL-SRS 412, or may transmit UL-SRS 412 before receiving DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server 168) or UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||T SRS_RX – T PRS_TX | – |T SRS_TX – T PRS_RX ||. Thus, multi-RTT positioning may utilize the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement of the downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by UE 404 (i.e., |T SRS_TX – T PRS_RX |) and the DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP), as well as the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurement of the uplink signals transmitted from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406 (i.e., |T SRS_RX – T PRS_TX |) and UL-SRS-RSRP. UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal), and TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and the UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signal). These measurements may be used at the positioning server or UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of UE 404. Other methods for determining the RTT are possible, such as for example using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0082] DL-AoD positioning can utilize the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of the downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with the azimuth of departure (A-AoD), zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406. DL-TDOA positioning can utilize the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and DL-PRS-RSRP) of the downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the DL RSTD (and DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0083] UL-TDOA positioning can utilize the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and UL-SRS-RSRP) of the uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UL-RTOA (and UL-SRS-RSRP) of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to estimate the location of the UE 404. UL-AoA positioning can utilize the measured azimuth of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of the uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use the assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, together with other configuration information, are used to estimate the location of the UE 404.

[0084] Additional positioning methods can be used to estimate the location of the UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. It should be noted that data / measurements from various techniques can be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / complete measurements, and / or substitute / provide missing information.

[0085] Figure 5FIG. 500 is an illustration example of estimating the location of a UE based on multi-RTT measurements from multiple TRPs in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 502 may be configured by a serving base station to decode DL-PRS resources 512 corresponding to and transmitted from a first TRP 504 (TRP-1), a second TRP 506 (TRP-2), a third TRP 508 (TRP-3), and a fourth TRP 510 (TRP-4). The UE 502 may also be configured to transmit UL-SRS on a set of UL-SRS resources, which may include a first SRS resource 514, a second SRS resource 516, a third SRS resource 518, and a fourth SRS resource 520, such that the serving cell (e.g., the first TRP 504, the second TRP 506, the third TRP 508, and the fourth TRP 510) and other neighboring cells may be able to measure the set of UL-SRS resources transmitted from the UE 502. For multi-RTT measurements based on DL-PRS and UL-SRS, since there may be a correlation between the UE's measurement of DL-PRS and the TRP's measurement of UL-SRS, the smaller the gap between the UE's DL-PRS measurement and the UE's UL-SRS transmission, the better the accuracy of estimating the location of the UE and / or the distance of the UE from each TRP may be.

[0086] In some aspects of wireless communication, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" generally may refer to specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to: PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc., as defined in LTE and NR. Additionally, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by context. In some aspects, a downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as "DL-PRS", while an uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., positioning SRS, PTRS) may be referred to as "UL-PRS". Further, for signals that may be transmitted on both uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), these signals may be prefixed with "UL" or "DL" to distinguish the direction. For example, "UL-DMRS" may be distinguished from "DL-DMRS".

[0087] Figure 6Communication flow 600 illustrates an example multi-RTT positioning process according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The numbers associated with communication flow 600 do not specify a particular time order and are only used as a reference for communication flow 600. Additionally, only DL and / or only UL positioning may use one or more subsets of this multi-RTT positioning process.

[0088] At 610, the LMF 606 may request one or more positioning capabilities from the UE 602 (e.g., to a target device). In some examples, the request for one or more positioning capabilities from the UE 602 may be associated with the LTE positioning protocol (LPP). For example, the LMF 606 may use the LPP capability transfer procedure to request the positioning capabilities of the UE 602. At 612, the LMF 606 may request UL SRS configuration information of the UE 602. The LMF 606 may also provide auxiliary data (e.g., path loss reference, spatial relationship, and / or SSB configuration, etc.) specified by the serving base station 604. For example, the LMF 606 may transmit an NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) positioning information request message to the serving base station 604 to request UL information of the UE 602.

[0089] At 614, the serving base station 604 may determine the resources available for UL SRS, and at 616, the serving base station 604 may configure one or more UL SRS resource sets for the UE 602 based on the available resources. At 618, the serving base station 604 may provide UL SRS configuration information to the LMF 606, such as via an NRPPa positioning information response message. At 620, the LMF 606 may select one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608, and the LMF 606 may provide the UL SRS configuration to the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604, such as via an NRPPa measurement request message. The message may include information for enabling the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station to perform UL measurements.

[0090] At 622, the LMF 606 may transmit an LPP provide auxiliary data message to the UE 602. The message may include the specified auxiliary data for the UE 602 to perform DL measurements. At 624, the LMF 606 may transmit an LPP request location information message to the UE 602 to request multi-RTT measurements. At 626, for semi-persistent or non-periodic UL SRS, the LMF 606 may request the serving base station 604 to activate / trigger the UL SRS in the UE 602. For example, the LMF 606 may request the activation of UE SRS transmission by transmitting an NRPPa positioning activation request message to the serving base station 604.

[0091] At 628, the serving base station 604 may activate UE SRS transmission and transmit an NRPPa positioning activation response message. In response, UE 602 may start UL-SRS transmission according to the time-domain behavior of the UL SRS resource configuration. At 630, UE 602 may perform DL measurements from one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 provided in the assistance data. At 632, each of the configured one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 may perform UL measurements. At 634, UE 602 may report the DL measurements to the LMF 606, such as via an LPP-provided position information message. At 636, each of the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 may report the UL measurements to the LMF 606, such as via an NRPPa measurement response message. At 638, the LMF 606 may determine the RTT from UE 602 and the BS / TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements of each of the one or more candidate neighboring BS / TRPs 608 and / or the serving base station 604 that provided the corresponding UL and DL measurements at 634 and 636, and the LMF 606 may compute the positioning of UE 602.

[0092] Some aspects of wireless communication may utilize different types of positioning reference signals (PRSs), such as downlink (DL) PRSs. PRSs are utilized by different wireless communications (e.g., New Radio (NR)) and positioning methods so that a device (e.g., UE) can detect and measure different objects. For example, PRSs may enable a UE to detect and measure the addition of a neighbor TRP or base station. Several different types of positioning configurations are supported in wireless communication to enable multiple deployments or environments (e.g., indoor environment, outdoor environment, sub-6 environment, mmW environment) for a device or UE. Different types of wireless communication (e.g., NR) support both UE-assisted positioning methods (e.g., computations) and UE-based positioning methods. Additionally, a particular type of wireless communication (e.g., NR) may support some types of positioning methods. For example, NR positioning methods may support at least one of the following: NR multi-round-trip time (multi-RTT) positioning, NR downlink (DL) time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) positioning, or NR DL angle of departure (DL-AoD) positioning.

[0093] In some aspects, different types of reference signals (e.g., downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) reference signals) and UE measurements can be utilized to facilitate support for different positioning techniques. For example, DL PRS and DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) UE measurements can facilitate support for DL-TDOA positioning. Additionally, DL PRS and DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) UE measurements can facilitate support for DL-TDOA positioning, DL-AoD positioning, and / or multi-RTT positioning. Furthermore, DL PRS and sounding reference signal (SRS) for positioning and UE receive (Rx)-transmit (Tx) time difference UE measurements can facilitate support for multi-RTT positioning. Moreover, synchronization signal block (SSB) and channel state information (CSI)-reference signal (CSI-RS) for radio resource management (RRM), as well as synchronization signal (SS)-RSRP (e.g., RSRP for RRM), SS-reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) (e.g., for RRM), CSI-RSRP (e.g., for RRM), and CSI-RSRP (e.g., for RRM) can facilitate support for enhanced cell identifier (ID) (E-CID) positioning.

[0094] Different aspects of positioning can also utilize pre-configured DL PRS assistance data (AD). Pre-configured DL PRS AD can refer to DL-PRS assistance data (with associated validity criteria) that can be provided to a UE (e.g., before or during an ongoing LTE positioning protocol (LPP) positioning session) and then used at a later time for potential positioning measurements (e.g., for a deferred mobile termination location request (MT-LR)). In some aspects, the pre-configured DL-PRS assistance data can include multiple instances, where each instance can be applicable to different areas within the network. Additionally, each DL-PRS assistance data instance can be associated with a region ID. In some instances, the region ID can include a list of cells in which the UE can reside / connect. Furthermore, the applicable region ID at the UE location can be selected based on the cell in which the UE resides / connects. If the UE resides / connects to one of the cells indicated in the list of cells within the region ID, the instance of the assistance data can be valid / selected.

[0095] Figure 7 FIG. 700 is a diagram illustrating an example area for positioning measurements. More specifically, Figure 7 depicts an area for positioning measurements that includes several cells associated with a region identifier (ID). As Figure 7 shown, FIG. 700 includes several cells (i.e., Figure 7the dashed ellipse in) and associated region IDs (e.g., region ID 711, region ID 712, region ID 713, region ID 714, region ID 715, and region ID 716). Diagram 700 also depicts several transmit receive points (TRPs) within the region (e.g., TRP 721, TRP 722, TRP 723, TRP 724, TRP 725, TRP 726, TRP 727, TRP 728, TRP 729, TRP 730, TRP 731, TRP 732, TRP 733, TRP 734, TRP 735, TRP 736, TRP 737, TRP 738, TRP 739, and TRP 740) and a UE 750. As Figure 7 shown by the arrow in, the UE 750 gradually moves through different cells and associated region IDs. That is, the UE 750 starts in the cell corresponding to region ID 711, then moves to the cell corresponding to region ID 713, then moves to the cell corresponding to region ID 715, then moves to the cell corresponding to region ID 714, and then moves to the cell corresponding to region ID 716. The movement of the UE 750 corresponds to the cell in which the UE 750 camps or connects. As indicated above, Figure 7 each of the region IDs in the region ID can be associated with a DL-PRS auxiliary data instance for preconfigured DL-PRS auxiliary data.

[0096] In some aspects, there may be changes in model performance for positioning methods or measurements. For example, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) models based on neural networks (NNs) may be unreliable. Since ML can be considered a data-driven solution, the quality of the data can determine the performance of downlink (DL) applications. However, the actual deployment environment may be more complex than expected, and the performance of the deployed models may be worse. For example, during the model preparation phase (e.g., training / validation / testing), the prepared dataset may not cover all potential scenarios. Therefore, the model performance in inference may vary significantly in different environments. To ensure performance, the system can monitor the model state and is configured to optimize the model when the performance is poor. For example, in model state monitoring, ML model interruption detection can ensure the basic communication link. Additionally, the ML output can be verified (e.g., by values or traditional models / algorithms). If the output may be incorrect, the inference host can alternatively use traditional models / algorithms. Furthermore, some aspects of AI / ML model monitoring may include at least one of the following: periodic model state reporting, UE-triggered model state reporting, network-triggered UE reporting, model fallback, or network actions for model updates.

[0097] Additionally, in some aspects, there may be model switching for AI / ML models. As ML utilizes data-driven solutions, different ML models can be designed to adapt to different conditions and tasks. For flexible model management, models can be grouped into different sets with different grouping rules. For example, models can be grouped into different sets based on model complexity. Additionally, models can be grouped into different sets based on model functions or tasks. For some groups, the network may need to trigger group switching to adapt to different conditions. In some examples, there may be many grouping rules, and the grouping can be based on one rule or a combination of some rules. In one case, one group can be mapped to a single ML model, where group switching is equal to a single model configuration. If conventional algorithms are grouped, model group switching can also include configurations between conventional algorithms and ML models.

[0098] Figure 8 FIG. 800 is a diagram illustrating an example communication flow for an AI / ML training process between a UE, a first node, a second node, and an operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) component. More specifically, Figure 8 depicts communication between a UE 802 and a node 804 (e.g., a next-generation (NG) radio access network (RAN) (NG-RAN) node), a node 806 (e.g., an NG-RAN node), and an OAM 808 (e.g., the OAM can be a third party internal or external to the NG-RAN or a location management function (LMF)). As Figure 8 shown, at 810, the node 806 can execute an AI / ML model. At 811, the node 804 can send a measurement configuration to the UE 802. At 812, the UE 802 can perform positioning measurements. Additionally, at 813, the UE 802 can send a measurement report to the node 804. At 814, the node 804 can send input data for model training to the OAM 808. At 815, the node 806 can send input data for training to the OAM 808. At 816, the OAM 808 can perform model training. Additionally, at 817, the OAM 80 can send model deployment or update to the node 804. At 818, the UE 802 can send a measurement report to the node 804. At 819, the node 806 can send data input for inference to the node 804. At 820, the node 804 can perform model inference. At 821, the node 806 can send model performance feedback to the OAM 808. At 822, the UE 802, the node 804, the node 806, and the OAM 808 can perform mobility optimization / handover. At 823, the node 804 can send feedback to the OAM 808. Additionally, at 824, the node 806 can send feedback to the OAM 808.

[0099] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., LMF) may request one or more methods in a single request (e.g., requestLocationInformation). This location information request may include several types of location information. For example, the location information request may include: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), sensor measurements, or other satellite position / location systems, LTE signals, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., atmospheric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR Enhanced Cell Identifier (ID) (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., Multi-Round Trip Time (Multi-RTT), DL Angle of Departure (DL-AoD), DL Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA), UL Time Difference of Arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL Angle of Arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0100] Some types of positioning may utilize direct AI / ML positioning. For example, direct AI / ML positioning may include details of channel observations used as inputs for AI / ML model inference (e.g., type and size of model inputs), model input acquisition, and preprocessing. Other types of positioning may utilize AI / ML assisted positioning. For example, AI / ML assisted positioning may include details of channel observations used as inputs for AI / ML model inference (e.g., type and size of model inputs), model input acquisition, and preprocessing. Additionally, AI / ML assisted positioning may include details of the output of AI / ML model inference, or how to use the AI / ML model output to obtain the location of the UE.

[0101] In some aspects, different sectors / sites may perform differently for a given positioning method. In fact, there may be a trade-off between power and positioning accuracy. For example, carrier phase measurements may perform better and / or have a significant performance loss in line-of-sight, indoor scenarios. Additionally, the performance of Time of Arrival (TOA) may be better compared to Angle of Departure (AOD) and Cooperative Positioning (CP) in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS). Depending on the training available for the ML model, ML may perform better and / or worse compared to traditional 5G positioning methods. Additionally, the Dilution of Precision (DOP) may be different for different methods. Based on the above, having information on which positioning method will perform better for a given location may be beneficial. For example, having this information may be beneficial for the UE / LMF to help select the appropriate positioning method.

[0102] Aspects of the present disclosure may provide information on which positioning method will perform better for a given location. For example, aspects presented herein may provide information on which positioning method will perform better for a given location to select a suitable positioning method. For example, aspects presented herein may provide information to a wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) on which positioning method will perform better for a given location to select a suitable positioning method. By doing so, the wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) can select a suitable or ideal positioning method for a corresponding cell / area or area ID. In some instances, aspects presented herein may provide a request to perform a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more cells / areas. Additionally, the set of positioning methods may correspond to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs. Further, the wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) may perform at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a certain cell area. Accordingly, a suitable or ideal positioning method can be performed for a corresponding cell / area or area ID. Accordingly, the wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) can save power and / or performance during the positioning process.

[0103] Aspects presented herein may utilize a positioning method area ID for certain cells / areas. The positioning method area ID (PMAID) may be similar to an area ID such that the PMAID can help associate a particular cell area with a corresponding positioning method. For example, the PMAID may be a list of serving cell IDs or TRPs for which a UE may need to perform the same positioning method. In some instances, each PMAID may have an associated positioning method or a list of positioning methods in order of preference. Additionally, multiple area IDs may belong to a single PMAID. Further, multiple PMAIDs may be defined within one area ID. In some aspects, an area ID parameter (area-id) may be a field that specifies the area ID of the network area to which the TRPs in a list of cell IDs belong. Additionally, a cell ID list parameter (nr-cell-ID-List) may be a field that provides the cell IDs of the TRPs belonging to the network area identified by the area ID parameter.

[0104] Figure 9 FIG. 900 is a diagram illustrating an example area for a positioning method. More specifically, Figure 9 depicts an area for a positioning method that includes several cells associated with an area identifier (ID) or a positioning method (PM) area ID. As Figure 9 shown, FIG. 900 includes several cells (i.e., Figure 9the dashed ellipse in) and the associated area ID or positioning method (PM) area ID (e.g., PM area ID 911, PM area ID 912, PM area ID 913, PM area ID 914, PM area ID 915, and PM area ID 916). Diagram 900 also depicts several transmit-receive points (TRPs) within the area (e.g., TRP 931, TRP 932, TRP 933, TRP 934, TRP 935, TRP 936, TRP 937, TRP 938, TRP 939, TRP 940, TRP 941, and TRP 942) and UE 950. As Figure 9 shown by the arrow in, UE 950 gradually moves through different cells and the associated positioning method area IDs. That is, UE 950 starts in the cell corresponding to PM area ID 911, then moves to the cell corresponding to PM area ID 913, then moves to the cell corresponding to area ID 914, and then moves to the cell corresponding to area ID 916. The movement of UE 950 corresponds to the cell in which UE 950 camps or connects. As indicated above, Figure 9 each PM area ID in the PM area IDs can be associated with a positioning method for the corresponding cell. That is, as UE 950 moves between cells / areas, the corresponding PM area ID can be provided to it, which will allow it to perform the positioning method for the corresponding cell. For example, as UE 950 enters the cell corresponding to PM area ID 914, UE 950 can perform the positioning method for that cell.

[0105] Additionally, aspects of the present disclosure can provide positioning methods specific to certain area IDs (i.e., area-specific positioning methods). For example, a network entity (e.g., LMF) can have the ability to configure area-specific positioning methods. The network entity (e.g., LMF) can configure positioning methods for multiple area IDs at the start of a positioning session. The assistance data (AD) can be the same or different between multiple positioning methods. Additionally, the UE can autonomously change the positioning method after the area ID changes. Further, the network entity (e.g., LMF) can configure one or more positioning methods for one or more positioning sessions.

[0106] Figure 10 is Diagram 1000 illustrating an example area for a positioning method. More specifically, Figure 10 depicts an area for a positioning method, which includes several cells associated with an area identifier (ID) or model. As Figure 10 shown, Diagram 1000 includes several cells (i.e., Figure 10The boxes in ) and the associated area IDs or positioning method (PM) area IDs (e.g., area ID 1010, area ID 1020, area ID 1030, and area ID 1040). Additionally, each area ID may include a corresponding model or positioning method. For example, area ID 1010 may include model 1012 (e.g., DL AOD), area ID 1020 may include model 1022 (e.g., DL TDOA), area ID 1030 may include model 1032 (e.g., AI / ML model), and area ID 1040 may include model 1042 (e.g., non-AI / ML model).

[0107] In some examples, aspects presented herein may include location information requests based on area IDs (e.g., RequestLocationInformation) to enable multiple positioning methods. For example, a UE in an area (e.g., area 1) associated with an area ID (e.g., area ID 1) may need to perform certain positioning methods (e.g., LTE ODTOA together with NR-TDOA). Additionally, a UE in another area (e.g., area 2) associated with another area ID (e.g., area ID 2) may need to perform other positioning methods (e.g., GNSS together with NR-multi-RTT). Furthermore, in some examples, aspects presented herein may include location information requests based on positioning method area IDs (e.g., RequestLocationInformation) to enable multiple positioning methods. For example, a UE in an area (e.g., area 1) associated with a positioning method area ID (e.g., PM area ID 1) may need to perform certain positioning methods (e.g., LTE ODTOA together with NR-TDOA). Additionally, a UE in another area (e.g., area 2) associated with another positioning method area ID (e.g., PM area ID 2) may need to perform other positioning methods (e.g., GNSS together with NR-multi-RTT). As part of the auxiliary data, the UE may have information about which positioning methods need to be enabled and reported in a given area ID or positioning method area ID.

[0108] In some instances, aspects presented herein may include area ID changes. For example, aspects presented herein may allow multiple positioning measurement reports to be provided in the presence of area ID changes. For example, aspects presented herein may allow positioning measurements per area ID or positioning methods per area ID. In one aspect, all measurement reports may be transmitted at the end of a positioning session. In another aspect, measurement reports may be transmitted after each area ID change within a positioning session.

[0109] Figure 11Includes diagrams 1100 and 1150 that illustrate example report configurations for positioning sessions. More specifically, diagram 1100 depicts a report configuration in which a measurement report can be transmitted at the end of a positioning session. Diagram 1100 includes a region ID 1110 (e.g., DL AOD), a positioning session request 1120, and a positioning session report 1130. As shown in diagram 1100, the positioning session report 1130 is transmitted at the end of the positioning session. Diagram 1150 depicts a report configuration in which a measurement report can be transmitted after each change in the region ID within a positioning session. Diagram 1150 includes a region ID 1160 (e.g., DL AOD), a region ID 1162 (e.g., DL TDOA), a positioning session request 1170, a positioning session report 1180 for region ID 1160, and a positioning session report 1182 for region ID 1162. As shown in diagram 1150, the positioning session report 1180 is transmitted when the region ID changes (i.e., after region ID 1160 and at the start of region ID 1162). Additionally, the positioning session report 1182 is transmitted when the region ID changes (i.e., near the end of region ID 1162).

[0110] Aspects presented herein may also include region ID-specific positioning methods. For example, a network entity (e.g., LMF) may have the ability to configure region-specific AI / ML models for a positioning session. The network entity (e.g., LMF) may configure AI / ML models for multiple region IDs at the start of a positioning session. Additionally, after the corresponding region ID changes, the UE may autonomously change the AI / ML method. Furthermore, the network entity (e.g., LMF) may be able to associate a region ID with direct AI / ML positioning or AI / ML-assisted positioning.

[0111] Aspects presented herein may also include region ID changes for corresponding UE capabilities. Based on UE capabilities, the UE may run multiple AI / ML models for region ID changes during positioning. In one aspect, for one UE capability, the UE may run one ML / AL model at a given point in time. In another aspect, for another UE capability, the UE may run up to two ML / AL models at a given point in time. In yet another aspect, for yet another UE capability, the UE may run up to three ML / AL models at a given point in time. The UE may have a framework for reporting measurement reports / positioning fixes through multiple ML / AI models. In one aspect, the UE may include different reports for each model. In one aspect, the UE may include one report with model ID differentiation.

[0112] Figure 12Including illustration 1200 showing example positioning models for different UE capabilities. More specifically, illustration 1200 depicts AI / ML models for corresponding area IDs and different associated UE capabilities. As Figure 12 shown, illustration 1200 depicts UE capability 1221, which includes model 1211 for area ID 1201, model 1212 for area ID 1202, model 1213 for area ID 1203, and model 1214 for area ID 1204. UE capability 1222 includes model 1211 for area ID 1201, model 1212 for area ID 1202, model 1213 for area ID 1203, and model 1214 for area ID 1204. Additionally, UE capability 1222 includes model 1211 for area ID 1202, model 1212 for area ID 1203, and model 1213 for area ID 1204. UE capability 1223 includes model 1211 for area ID 1201, model 1212 for area ID 1202, model 1213 for area ID 1203, and model 1214 for area ID 1204. Additionally, UE capability 1223 includes model 1211 for area ID 1202, model 1212 for area ID 1203, and model 1213 for area ID 1204. Further, UE capability 1223 also includes model 1211 for area ID 1203 and model 1212 for area ID 1204.

[0113] In some aspects, in cases where more ML and AI models appear on the network entity (e.g., LMF) side and the UE side, and also based on previous historical positioning sessions, the UE / LMF may be in a position to recommend a suitable or favorable positioning method for a given serving cell, cell ID, or area ID. For example, the network entity (e.g., LMF) may provide the UE with a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods or AI / ML models for a given serving cell, cell ID, or area ID. In some instances, the network entity may provide the list in a prioritized order. Additionally, in one aspect, the UE may provide the network entity with a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods or AI / ML models for a given serving cell, TRP, or area ID. The UE may provide the list in a prioritized order. Further, the network entity may select a positioning method based on the priority of the corresponding area ID.

[0114] Aspects of the present disclosure may include multiple benefits or advantages. For example, aspects of the present disclosure may provide information on which positioning method will perform better for a given location. For example, aspects presented herein may provide information on which positioning method will perform better for a given location in order to select a suitable positioning method. For example, aspects presented herein may provide information to a wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) on which positioning method will perform better for a given location in order to select a suitable positioning method. By doing so, a wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) may select a suitable or desired positioning method for a corresponding cell / area or area ID. Additionally, a wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) may perform at least one positioning method from a set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a certain cell area. Thus, a suitable or desired positioning method may be performed for a corresponding cell / area or area ID. Thereby, a wireless device (e.g., a UE or an LMF) may save power and / or performance during the positioning process.

[0115] Figure 13 is a communication flowchart 1300 of wireless communication according to one or more techniques of the present disclosure. As Figure 13 shown, illustration 900 includes an example communication between a UE 1302 (e.g., a UE or a wireless device) and a network entity 1304 (e.g., a server or an LMF) according to one or more techniques of the present disclosure. In some aspects, UE 1302 may be a first wireless device (e.g., a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a network entity), and network entity 1304 may be a second wireless device (e.g., a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a network entity).

[0116] At 1310, UE 1302 may send an indication (e.g., indication 1314) of UE capabilities for the association of a set of area IDs with a set of positioning methods to the network entity, where the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of UE capabilities. The indication of UE capabilities may include the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE is capable of executing at a given time.

[0117] At 1312, network entity 1304 may receive an indication (e.g., indication 1314) of UE capabilities for the association of a set of area IDs with a set of positioning methods from a user equipment (UE), where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of UE capabilities.

[0118] At 1320, UE 1302 may send an indication (e.g., indication 1324) of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods.

[0119] At 1322, the network entity 1304 may receive an indication (e.g., indication 1324) of a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or favorable positioning methods. The indication of UE capabilities may include the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE is capable of executing at a given time.

[0120] At 1330, the network entity 1304 may configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods.

[0121] At 1340, the network entity 1304 may send a request (e.g., request 1344) to the user equipment (UE) to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions. The request to execute the set of positioning methods may include a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods for the set of region IDs. Additionally, the request to execute the set of positioning methods may correspond to a positioning session for the UE.

[0122] At 1342, the UE 1302 may obtain a request (e.g., request 1344) to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in the set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. The request to execute the set of positioning methods may include a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods for the set of region IDs. Additionally, the request to execute the set of positioning methods may correspond to a positioning session for the UE.

[0123] In some aspects, each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with a corresponding positioning method area ID in the set of positioning method area IDs, wherein each positioning method area ID in the set of positioning method area IDs may correspond to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with the one or more positioning methods. Additionally, the set of positioning methods may be associated with at least one of an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model set or a non-AI / ML model set. In addition, each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models may include a direct AI / ML model including a positioning estimation output or an AI / ML assisted model including a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output may include at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth. In some examples, each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with a corresponding location information request, wherein the corresponding location information request for each area ID in the set of area IDs may enable multiple positioning methods in the set of positioning methods to be associated with the area ID. Each positioning method in the positioning method set may include at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0124] At 1350, UE 1302 may perform at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being in one of the one or more areas associated with the set of area IDs. Additionally, one of the one or more areas corresponds to an area where the UE resides on a transmit receive point (TRP) in a set of TRPs within the one or more areas.

[0125] At 1360, the UE 1302 may, after performing at least one positioning method, send a report of at least one positioning method (e.g., report 1364) to a network entity based on the UE being within one of one or more regions. In some aspects, sending a report of at least one positioning method may include: sending a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. That is, the UE may send a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. Additionally, sending a report of at least one positioning method may include: sending a report of at least one positioning method when one of the set of region IDs changes. That is, the UE may send a report of at least one positioning method when one of the set of region IDs changes.

[0126] At 1362, the network entity 1304 may receive a report of at least one positioning method from the set of positioning methods (e.g., report 1364) based on the UE being within one of one or more regions. In some aspects, receiving a report of at least one positioning method may include: receiving a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. That is, the network entity may receive a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. Additionally, receiving a report of at least one positioning method may include: receiving a report of at least one positioning method when one of the set of region IDs changes. That is, the network entity may receive a report of at least one positioning method when one of the set of region IDs changes. Additionally, one of the one or more regions corresponds to a region on a transmission and reception point (TRP) within a set of TRPs where the UE resides within the one or more regions.

[0127] At 1370, the UE 1302 may perform at least one second positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second region of one or more regions associated with a set of region IDs, where at least one positioning method is different from at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region.

[0128] At 1380, the UE 1302 may send a second report of at least one second positioning method (e.g., report 1384) based on the UE being within a second region of one or more regions.

[0129] At 1382, the network entity 1304 may receive a second report of at least one second positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second region of one or more regions, where at least one positioning method is different from at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region (e.g., report 1384).

[0130] Figure 14FIG. 1400 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless device or UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 602, UE 750, UE 802, UE 950, UE 1302; apparatus 1804). The methods described herein may provide several benefits such as improved resource utilization and / or power savings.

[0131] At 1406, the UE may obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods, such as regarding Figures 4 to 13 discussed. For example, as Figure 13 described in 1342 of, UE 1302 may obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. Additionally, step 1406 may be performed by location component 198. The request to perform the set of positioning methods may include a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods for the set of region IDs. Additionally, the request to perform the set of positioning methods may correspond to a positioning session for the UE.

[0132] In some aspects, each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with a corresponding positioning method area ID in the set of positioning method area IDs, wherein each positioning method area ID in the set of positioning method area IDs may correspond to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with the one or more positioning methods. Additionally, the set of positioning methods may be associated with at least one of an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model set or a non-AI / ML model set. In addition, each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models may include a direct AI / ML model including a positioning estimation output or an AI / ML assisted model including a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output may include at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth. In some examples, each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with a corresponding location information request, wherein the corresponding location information request for each area ID in the set of area IDs may enable multiple positioning methods in the set of positioning methods to be associated with the area ID. Each positioning method in the positioning method set may include at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0133] At 1408, the UE may perform at least one positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being in one of the one or more areas associated with the set of area IDs, such as Figures 4 to 13 For example, Figure 13 As described in 1350 of the embodiment, the UE 1302 may perform at least one positioning method in the positioning method set based on the UE being in one of the one or more areas associated with the area ID set. In addition, step 1408 may be performed by the location component 198. In addition, one of the one or more areas corresponds to an area where the UE resides on a transmit receive point (TRP) in a set of TRPs within the one or more areas.

[0134] At 1410, after performing at least one positioning method, the UE may send a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within one of one or more regions, as discussed regarding Figures 4 to 13 as Figure 13 described in 1360 of, for example, as

[0135] Figure 15 UE 1302 may send a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within one of one or more regions after performing at least one positioning method. Additionally, step 1410 may be performed by location component 198. In some aspects, sending a report of the at least one positioning method may include: sending a report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. That is, the UE may send a report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. Additionally, sending a report of the at least one positioning method may include: sending a report of the at least one positioning method when one of the region ID set changes. That is, the UE may send a report of the at least one positioning method when one of the region ID set changes.

[0136] At 1502, the UE may send an indication of UE capabilities regarding the association of a region ID set with a positioning method set to a network entity, where the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of UE capabilities, as discussed regarding Figures 4 to 13 as Figure 13 described in 1310 of, for example, UE 1302 may send an indication of UE capabilities regarding the association of a region ID set with a positioning method set to a network entity, where the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of UE capabilities. Additionally, step 1502 may be performed by location component 198. The indication of UE capabilities may include the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE is capable of executing at a given time.

[0137] At 1504, the UE may send an indication of a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, as discussed regarding Figures 4 to 13 as Figure 13 described in 1320 of, for example, UE 1302 may send an indication of a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or favorable positioning methods. Additionally, step 1504 may be performed by location component 198.

[0138] At 1506, the UE may obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods, such as regarding Figures 4 to 13 as discussed. For example, as Figure 13 described in 1342 of, UE 1302 may obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. Additionally, step 1506 may be performed by location component 198. The request to perform the set of positioning methods may include a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods for the set of region IDs. Additionally, the request to perform the set of positioning methods may correspond to a positioning session for the UE.

[0139] In some aspects, each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with a corresponding positioning method area ID in the set of positioning method area IDs, wherein each positioning method area ID in the set of positioning method area IDs may correspond to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with the one or more positioning methods. Additionally, the set of positioning methods may be associated with at least one of an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model set or a non-AI / ML model set. In addition, each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models may include a direct AI / ML model including a positioning estimation output or an AI / ML assisted model including a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output may include at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth. In some examples, each area ID in the set of area IDs may be associated with a corresponding location information request, wherein the corresponding location information request for each area ID in the set of area IDs may enable multiple positioning methods in the set of positioning methods to be associated with the area ID. Each positioning method in the positioning method set may include at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0140] At 1508, the UE may perform at least one positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being in one of the one or more areas associated with the set of area IDs, such as Figures 4 to 13 For example, Figure 13 As described in 1350 of the embodiment, the UE 1302 may perform at least one positioning method in the positioning method set based on the UE being in one of the one or more areas associated with the area ID set. In addition, step 1508 may be performed by the location component 198. In addition, one of the one or more areas corresponds to an area where the UE resides on a transmit receive point (TRP) in a set of TRPs within the one or more areas.

[0141] At 1510, after performing at least one positioning method, the UE may send a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within one of one or more regions, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 13 as Figure 13 In 1360, after performing at least one positioning method, UE 1302 may send a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within one of one or more regions. Additionally, step 1510 may be performed by location component 198. In some aspects, sending a report of the at least one positioning method may include: sending a report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. That is, the UE may send a report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. Additionally, sending a report of the at least one positioning method may include: sending a report of the at least one positioning method when one of the set of region IDs changes. That is, the UE may send a report of the at least one positioning method when one of the set of region IDs changes.

[0142] At 1512, the UE may perform at least one second positioning method from a set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second one of one or more regions associated with a set of region IDs, where the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 13 as Figure 13 In 1370, UE 1302 may perform at least one second positioning method from a set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second one of one or more regions associated with a set of region IDs, where the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region. Additionally, step 1512 may be performed by location component 198.

[0143] At 1514, the UE may send a second report of the at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within a second one of one or more regions, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 13 as Figure 13 In 1380, UE1302 may send a second report of the at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within a second one of one or more regions. Additionally, step 1514 may be performed by location component 198.

[0144] Figure 16FIG. 1600 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a network entity, a server, or an LMF (e.g., LMF 166; set of location servers 168; LMF 606; network entity 1304; network entity 1902; network entity 2060). The methods described herein may provide several benefits such as improved resource utilization and / or power savings.

[0145] At 1606, the network entity may configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods, such as regarding Figures 4 to 13 discussed. For example, as Figure 13 described in 1330 of, network entity 1304 may configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. Additionally, step 1606 may be performed by location component 199.

[0146] At 1608, the network entity may send a request to a user equipment (UE) to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, such as regarding Figures 4 to 13 discussed. For example, as Figure 13 described in 1340 of, network entity 1304 may send a request to a user equipment (UE) to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas. Additionally, step 1608 may be performed by location component 199. The request to execute the set of positioning methods may include a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods for the set of area IDs. Additionally, the request to execute the set of positioning methods may correspond to a positioning session for the UE.

[0147] In some aspects, each region ID in the set of region IDs may be associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods such that each region ID in the set of region IDs may be associated with a corresponding positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs, wherein each positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs may correspond to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with one or more positioning methods. Additionally, the set of positioning methods may be associated with at least one of a set of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models or a set of non-AI / ML models. Further, each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models may include a direct AI / ML model that includes a positioning estimate output or an AI / ML assisted model that includes a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output may include at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth. In some examples, each region ID in the set of region IDs may be associated with a corresponding location information request, wherein the corresponding location information request for each region ID in the set of region IDs may enable multiple positioning methods in the set of positioning methods to be associated with the region ID. Each positioning method in the set of positioning methods may include at least one positioning measurement, the at least one positioning measurement including one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0148] At 1610, the network entity may receive a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 13 above. For example, as Figure 13As described in 1362, the network entity 1304 may receive a report of at least one positioning method from the positioning method set based on the UE being in one of the one or more regions. Additionally, step 1610 may be performed by the location component 199. In some aspects, receiving a report of at least one positioning method may include: receiving a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. That is, the network entity may receive a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. Additionally, receiving a report of at least one positioning method may include: receiving a report of at least one positioning method when one of the region ID set changes. That is, the network entity may receive a report of at least one positioning method when one of the region ID set changes. Additionally, one of the one or more regions corresponds to a region on a transmission and reception point (TRP) in a set of TRPs where the UE resides in the one or more regions.

[0149] Figure 17 is a flowchart 1700 of a wireless communication method. This method may be performed by a network entity, a server, or an LMF (e.g., LMF 166; set of location servers 168; LMF 606; network entity 1304; network entity 1902; network entity 2060). The methods described herein may provide several benefits, such as improved resource utilization and / or power savings.

[0150] At 1702, the network entity may receive an indication of UE capabilities of an association between a set of region IDs and a set of positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of UE capabilities, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 13 For example, as described in 1312 of Figure 13 the network entity 1304 may receive an indication of UE capabilities of an association between a set of region IDs and a set of positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of UE capabilities. Additionally, step 1702 may be performed by the location component 199.

[0151] At 1704, the network entity may receive an indication of a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, as discussed with respect to Figures 4 to 13 For example, as described in 1322 of Figure 13 the network entity 1304 may receive an indication of a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or favorable positioning methods. Additionally, step 1704 may be performed by the location component 199. The indication of UE capabilities may include the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE is capable of executing at a given time.

[0152] At 1706, a network entity may configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods, such as regarding Figures 4 to 13 discussed. For example, as Figure 13 described in 1330 of, network entity 1304 may configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. Additionally, step 1706 may be performed by location component 199.

[0153] At 1708, a network entity may send a request to a user equipment (UE) to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, such as regarding Figures 4 to 13 discussed. For example, as Figure 13 described in 1340 of, network entity 1304 may send a request to a user equipment (UE) to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas. Additionally, step 1708 may be performed by location component 199. The request to execute the set of positioning methods may include a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods for the set of area IDs. Additionally, the request to execute the set of positioning methods may correspond to a positioning session for the UE.

[0154] In some aspects, each region ID in the set of region IDs can be associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each region ID in the set of region IDs can be associated with a corresponding positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs, where each positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs can correspond to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with one or more positioning methods. Additionally, the set of positioning methods can be associated with at least one of a set of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models or a set of non-AI / ML models. Further, each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models can include a direct AI / ML model that includes a positioning estimate output or an AI / ML assisted model that includes a positioning measurement output, where the positioning measurement output can include at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and where each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth. In some examples, each region ID in the set of region IDs can be associated with a corresponding location information request, where the corresponding location information request for each region ID in the set of region IDs can enable multiple positioning methods in the set of positioning methods to be associated with the region ID. Each positioning method in the set of positioning methods can include at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0155] At 1710, the network entity can receive a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions, as discussed regarding Figures 4 to 13 above. For example, as Figure 13As described in 1362, the network entity 1304 may receive a report of at least one positioning method in a set of positioning methods based on the UE being in one of one or more regions. Additionally, step 1710 may be performed by the location component 199. In some aspects, receiving a report of at least one positioning method may include: receiving a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. That is, the network entity may receive a report of at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session. Additionally, receiving a report of at least one positioning method may include: receiving a report of at least one positioning method when one of the region IDs in a set of region IDs changes. That is, the network entity may receive a report of at least one positioning method when one of the region IDs in a set of region IDs changes. Additionally, one of one or more regions corresponds to a region on a transmission and reception point (TRP) in a set of TRPs where the UE resides in one or more regions.

[0156] At 1712, the network entity may receive a second report of at least one second positioning method in a set of positioning methods based on the UE being in a second region of one or more regions, where at least one positioning method is different from at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region, as regarding Figures 4 to 13 discussed. For example, as Figure 13 described in 1382, the network entity 1304 may receive a second report of at least one second positioning method in a set of positioning methods based on the UE being in a second region of one or more regions, where at least one positioning method is different from at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region. Additionally, step 1712 may be performed by the location component 199.

[0157] Figure 18FIG. 1800 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for apparatus 1804. Apparatus 1804 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, apparatus 1804 may include a cellular baseband processor 1824 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1822 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 1824 may include on-chip memory 1824'. In some aspects, apparatus 1804 may further include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1820 and an application processor 1806 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1808 and a screen 1810. The application processor 1806 may include on-chip memory 1806'. In some aspects, apparatus 1804 may further include a Bluetooth module 1812, a WLAN module 1814, an SPS module 1816 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1818 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial management unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer; magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1826, a power source 1830, and / or a camera 1832. The Bluetooth module 1812, the WLAN module 1814, and the SPS module 1816 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1812, the WLAN module 1814, and the SPS module 1816 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1880. The cellular baseband processor 1824 communicates with UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with network entity 1802 via transceiver 1822 through one or more antennas 1880. The cellular baseband processor 1824 and the application processor 1806 may each separately include computer-readable media / memory 1824', 1806'. The additional memory module 1826 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1824', 1806', 1826 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1824 and the application processor 1806 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806, causes the cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806 when executing the software. The cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806 may be components of UE 350 and may include at least one of memory 360 and / or TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359.In one configuration, device 1804 can be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or application processor 1806, and in another configuration, device 1804 can be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 of 350) and include additional modules of device 1804.

[0158] As discussed above, location component 198 can be configured to obtain a request to perform a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. Location component 198 can also be configured to perform at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs. Location component 198 can also be configured to, after performing at least one positioning method, send a report of at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions. Location component 198 can also be configured to perform at least one second positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second one of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs, where at least one positioning method is different from at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region. Location component 198 can also be configured to send a second report of at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within the second one of the one or more regions. Location component 198 can also be configured to send an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods. Location component 198 can also be configured to send an indication of UE capabilities for the association of the set of region IDs with the set of positioning methods to a network entity, where the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of UE capabilities.

[0159] The location component 198 can be within the cellular baseband processor 1824, the application processor 1806, or both the cellular baseband processor 1824 and the application processor 1806. The location component 198 can be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to implement the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, the apparatus 1804 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1804 and specifically, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the application processor 1806 include means for obtaining a request to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID from a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. The apparatus 1804 can also include means for executing at least one positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs. The apparatus 1804 can also include means for, after executing at least one positioning method, sending a report of at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions. The apparatus 1804 can also include means for executing at least one second positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second region of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs, where at least one positioning method is different from at least one second positioning method and the first region ID of one region is different from the second region ID of the second region. The apparatus 1804 can also include means for sending a second report of at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within the second region of the one or more regions. The apparatus 1804 can also include means for sending an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods. The apparatus 1804 can also include means for sending an indication of the UE's capabilities regarding the association of the set of region IDs with the set of positioning methods to a network entity, where the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of the UE's capabilities. The means can be the location component 198 of the apparatus 1804 configured to execute the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 1804 can include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means can be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to execute the functions recited by the means.

[0160] Figure 19 FIG. 1900 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1902. Network entity 1902 can be a BS, a component of a BS, or can implement BS functionality. Network entity 1902 can include at least one of CU 1910, DU 1930, or RU 1940. For example, depending on the layer functionality processed by location component 198, network entity 1902 can include CU 1910; both CU 1910 and DU 1930; each of CU 1910, DU 1930, and RU 1940; DU 1930; both DU 1930 and RU 1940; or RU 1940. CU 1910 can include CU processor 1912. CU processor 1912 can include on-chip memory 1912'. In some aspects, CU 1910 can also include additional memory module 1914 and communication interface 1918. CU 1910 communicates with DU 1930 via an intermediate link (such as the F1 interface). DU 1930 can include DU processor 1932. DU processor 1932 can include on-chip memory 1932'. In some aspects, DU 1930 can also include additional memory module 1934 and communication interface 1938. DU 1930 communicates with RU 1940 via a fronthaul link. RU 1940 can include RU processor 1942. RU processor 1942 can include on-chip memory 1942'. In some aspects, RU 1940 can also include additional memory module 1944, one or more transceivers 1946, antenna 1980, and communication interface 1948. RU 1940 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1912', 1932', 1942' and additional memory modules 1914, 1934, 1944 can each be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1912, 1932, 1942 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0161] As discussed above, the location component 198 may be configured to configure a location method configuration that includes a set of location methods for a set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where each location method in the set of location methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the location method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of location methods. The location component 198 may also be configured to send, for a user equipment (UE), a request to execute a set of location methods for at least one region ID in the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, where the request includes the location method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive a report of at least one location method in the set of location methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive a second report of at least one second location method in the set of location methods based on the UE being within a second region of the one or more regions, where at least one location method is different from at least one second location method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive an indication of UE capabilities for the association of the set of region IDs with the set of location methods, where the location method configuration is configured based on the indication of UE capabilities. The location component 198 may also be configured to receive an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous location methods, where the location method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or advantageous location methods.

[0162] The location component 198 can be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 1910, DU 1930, and RU 1940. The location component 198 can be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to implement the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 1902 can include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1902 can include components for configuring a positioning method configuration that includes a set of positioning methods for a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods. The network entity 1902 can also include components for sending, for a user equipment (UE), a request to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one area ID in the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, where the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas. The network entity 1902 can also include components for receiving a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more areas. The network entity 1902 can also include components for receiving a second report of at least one second positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second area of the one or more areas, where at least one positioning method is different from at least one second positioning method and a first area ID of one area is different from a second area ID of the second area. The network entity 1902 can also include components for receiving an indication of the UE's capabilities for the association of the set of area IDs with the set of positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of the UE's capabilities. The network entity 1902 can also include components for receiving an indication of a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods, where the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or favorable positioning methods. The components can be the location component 198 of the network entity 1902 configured to perform the functions recited by the components. As described above, the network entity 1902 can include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the components can be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0163] Figure 20FIG. 2000 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 2060. In one example, network entity 2060 may be within core network 120. Network entity 2060 may include network processor 2012. Network processor 2012 may include on-chip memory 2012'. In some aspects, network entity 2060 may also include additional memory module 2014. Network entity 2060 communicates with CU 2002 directly (e.g., backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., through RIC) via network interface 2080. On-chip memory 2012' and additional memory module 2014 may each be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory may be non-transitory. Processor 2012 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0164] As discussed above, location component 199 may be configured to configure a location method configuration including a set of location methods for a set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, wherein each location method in the set of location methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and wherein the location method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of location methods. Location component 199 may also be configured to send, for a user equipment (UE), a request to execute the set of location methods for at least one region ID in the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, wherein the request includes the location method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with one or more regions. Location component 199 may also be configured to receive a report of at least one location method in the set of location methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions. Location component 199 may also be configured to receive a second report of at least one second location method in the set of location methods based on the UE being within a second one of the one or more regions, wherein at least one location method is different from at least one second location method and a first region ID of one region is different from a second region ID of the second region. Location component 199 may also be configured to receive an indication of UE capabilities for the association of the set of region IDs with the set of location methods, wherein the location method configuration is configured based on the indication of UE capabilities. Location component 199 may also be configured to receive an indication of a list of suitable or favorable location methods, wherein the location method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or favorable location methods.

[0165] The location component 199 may be within the processor 2012. The location component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to implement the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 2060 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2060 may include components for configuring a location method configuration for configuring a set of location methods including a set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, wherein each location method in the set of location methods corresponds to one or more area IDs in the set of area IDs, and wherein the location method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of location methods. The network entity 2060 may also include components for sending, for a user equipment (UE), a request to execute a set of location methods for at least one area ID in the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas, wherein the request includes the location method configuration for the set of area IDs associated with one or more areas. The network entity 2060 may also include components for receiving a report of at least one location method in the set of location methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more areas. The network entity 2060 may also include components for receiving a second report of at least one second location method in the set of location methods based on the UE being within a second area of the one or more areas, wherein at least one location method is different from at least one second location method and a first area ID of one area is different from a second area ID of the second area. The network entity 2060 may also include components for receiving an indication of the UE's capabilities regarding the association of the set of area IDs with the set of location methods, wherein the location method configuration is configured based on the indication of the UE's capabilities. The network entity 2060 may also include components for receiving an indication of a list of suitable or favorable location methods, wherein the location method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or favorable location methods. The components may be the location component 199 of the network entity 2060 configured to perform the functions recited by the components.

[0166] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of example methods. It should be understood that based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0167] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, and the singular forms of elements are not intended to mean "one and only one" but "one or more" unless specifically stated otherwise. Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...," do not mean an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limitation for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them," including any combination of A, B, and / or C, may include multiple As, multiple Bs, or multiple Cs. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "any combination of A, B, C, or any of them" can be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be construed as a collection of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of elements described in the various aspects throughout this disclosure that are known or later will be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Additionally, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc. are not intended to substitute for the word "component." Thus, no claim element is to be construed as a means-plus-function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for...".

[0168] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed to refer to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be construed as "at least based on A", unless stated otherwise specifically.

[0169] The following aspects are merely illustrative and can be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0170] Aspect 1 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. And at least partially based on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to: obtain a request to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, where the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions, where each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and where the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods; execute at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs; and after executing the at least one positioning method, send a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within the one of the one or more regions.

[0171] Aspect 2 is the apparatus according to aspect 1, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding positioning method region ID in a set of positioning method region IDs, and where each positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs corresponds to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with the one or more positioning methods.

[0172] Aspect 3 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the set of positioning methods is associated with at least one of a set of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models or a set of non-AI / ML models.

[0173] Aspect 4 is the apparatus according to aspect 3, wherein each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models includes a direct AI / ML model including a positioning estimation output or an AI / ML assisted model including a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output includes at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth.

[0174] Aspect 5 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: perform at least one second positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second region of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs, wherein the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of the one region is different from a second region ID of the second region; and transmit a second report of the at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within the second region of the one or more regions.

[0175] Aspect 6 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding location information request, and the corresponding location information request for each region ID in the set of region IDs enables a plurality of positioning methods in the set of positioning methods to be associated with the region ID.

[0176] Aspect 7 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send an indication of UE capabilities for the association of the set of region IDs with the set of positioning methods to the network entity, wherein the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of the UE capabilities.

[0177] Aspect 8 is the apparatus according to aspect 7, wherein the indication of the UE capabilities includes the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE is capable of executing at a given time.

[0178] Aspect 9 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods.

[0179] Aspect 10 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein, for sending the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: send the report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session, or wherein, for sending the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: send the report of the at least one positioning method when a region ID in the set of region IDs changes.

[0180] Aspect 11 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein one of the one or more regions corresponds to a region where the UE resides on a TRP in a set of transmission and reception points (TRPs) within the one or more regions.

[0181] Aspect 12 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods includes at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0182] Aspect 13 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the request to execute the set of positioning methods includes a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods for the set of region IDs.

[0183] Aspect 14 is the apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, the apparatus further including at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, for sending the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: send the report of the at least one positioning method via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna, and wherein the request to execute the set of positioning methods corresponds to a positioning session for the UE.

[0184] Aspect 15 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus including a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and the at least one processor being configured to, at least in part based on information stored in the memory: configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with execution of the set of positioning methods; send, for a user equipment (UE), a request to execute the set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions, wherein the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions; and receive a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions.

[0185] Aspect 16 is the apparatus according to aspect 15, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding positioning method region ID in a set of positioning method region IDs, and wherein each positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs corresponds to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with the one or more positioning methods.

[0186] Aspect 17 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 16, wherein the set of positioning methods is associated with at least one of a set of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models or a set of non-AI / ML models.

[0187] Aspect 18 is the apparatus according to aspect 17, wherein each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models includes a direct AI / ML model including a positioning estimation output or an AI / ML assisted model including a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output includes at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth.

[0188] Aspect 19 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive a second report of at least one second positioning method from the positioning method set based on the UE being within a second region of the one or more regions, wherein the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of the one region is different from a second region ID of the second region.

[0189] Aspect 20 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 19, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding location information request, and the corresponding location information request for each region ID in the set of region IDs enables a plurality of positioning methods in the set of positioning methods to be associated with the region ID.

[0190] Aspect 21 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an indication of the UE's capabilities regarding the association of the set of region IDs with the set of positioning methods, and the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of the UE's capabilities.

[0191] Aspect 22 is the apparatus according to aspect 21, wherein the indication of the UE's capabilities includes the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE can execute at a given time.

[0192] Aspect 23 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 22, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, and the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods.

[0193] Aspect 24 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 23, wherein, in order to receive the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session, or wherein, in order to receive the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the report of the at least one positioning method when a region ID in the set of region IDs changes.

[0194] Aspect 25 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 24, wherein one of the one or more regions corresponds to a region where the UE resides on a transmission and reception point (TRP) in the set of TRPs.

[0195] Aspect 26 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 25, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods includes at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line-of-sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0196] Aspect 27 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 26, wherein the request to execute the set of positioning methods includes a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods for the set of area IDs.

[0197] Aspect 28 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 15 to 27, the apparatus further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, in order to receive the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the report of the at least one positioning method via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna, and wherein the request to execute the set of positioning methods corresponds to a positioning session for the UE.

[0198] Aspect 29 is the apparatus according to any one of aspects 1 to 28, wherein the apparatus is a wireless communication device, and the apparatus further comprises at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0199] Aspect 30 is a method for wireless communication for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 28.

[0200] Aspect 31 is a device for wireless communication, the device comprising components for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 28.

[0201] Aspect 32 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 28.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and at least partially based on first information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to: obtain a request to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, wherein the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods; execute at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs; and after executing the at least one positioning method, send a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within the one of the one or more regions.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding positioning method region ID in a set of positioning method region IDs, and wherein each positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs corresponds to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with the one or more positioning methods.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the set of positioning methods is associated with at least one of a set of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models or a set of non-AI / ML models.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models includes a direct AI / ML model comprising a positioning estimate output or an AI / ML-assisted model comprising a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output includes at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line-of-sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models includes at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round-trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Performing at least one second positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second region of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs, wherein the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of the one region is different from a second region ID of the second region; and Sending a second report of the at least one second positioning method based on the UE being within the second region of the one or more regions.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding location information request, and the corresponding location information request for each region ID in the set of region IDs enables multiple positioning methods from the set of positioning methods to be associated with the region ID.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:[[]] Send an indication of UE capabilities for the association of the set of region IDs with the set of positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is based on the indication of the UE capabilities.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the indication of the UE capabilities includes the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE is capable of executing at a given time.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:[[]] Send an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in order to send the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: send the report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session, or wherein, in order to send the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: send the report of the at least one positioning method when a region ID in the set of region IDs changes.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one region of the one or more regions corresponds to a region where the UE resides on a TRP in a set of transmission reception points (TRPs) within the one or more regions.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods includes at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the request to perform the set of positioning methods includes a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods for the set of region IDs.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, the apparatus further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, in order to transmit the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: transmit the report of the at least one positioning method via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna, and wherein the request to execute the set of positioning methods corresponds to a positioning session for the UE.

15. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor coupled to the memory, and at least partially based on first information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to: configure a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods; send, for a user equipment (UE), a request to execute the set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions, wherein the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions; and receive a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with one or more positioning methods in the set of positioning methods, such that each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding positioning method region ID in a set of positioning method region IDs, and wherein each positioning method region ID in the set of positioning method region IDs corresponds to a list of serving cell IDs or transmit receive points (TRPs) associated with the one or more positioning methods.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the set of positioning methods is associated with at least one of a set of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models or a set of non-AI / ML models.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein each AI / ML model in the set of AI / ML models comprises a direct AI / ML model comprising a positioning estimation output or an AI / ML assisted model comprising a positioning measurement output, wherein the positioning measurement output comprises at least one of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and wherein each non-AI / ML model in the set of non-AI / ML models comprises at least one of the following: time difference of arrival (TDOA), round trip time (RTT), angle of departure (AoD), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or Bluetooth.

19. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive a second report of at least one second positioning method from the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within a second region of the one or more regions, wherein the at least one positioning method is different from the at least one second positioning method and a first region ID of the one region is different from a second region ID of the second region.

20. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each region ID in the set of region IDs is associated with a corresponding location information request, and the corresponding location information request for each region ID in the set of region IDs enables a plurality of positioning methods from the set of positioning methods to be associated with the region ID.

21. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an indication of UE capabilities for the association of the set of region IDs with the set of positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is configured based on the indication of the UE capabilities.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the indication of the UE capabilities comprises the amount of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) models that the UE is capable of executing at a given time.

23. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive an indication of a list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods, wherein the positioning method configuration is configured based on the list of suitable or advantageous positioning methods.

24. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in order to receive the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the report of the at least one positioning method at the end of a positioning session, or wherein in order to receive the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the report of the at least one positioning method when a region ID in the set of region IDs changes.

25. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein one of the one or more regions corresponds to a region on a transmission and reception point (TRP) in a set of TRPs where the UE camps within the one or more regions.

26. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods includes at least one positioning measurement, and the at least one positioning measurement includes one or more of the following: reference signal time difference (RSTD), receive transmit (RxTx) time difference, line of sight (LoS) indication, reference signal received power (RSRP), path RSRP, or reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

27. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the request to execute the set of positioning methods includes a list of suitable or favorable positioning methods for the set of region IDs.

28. The apparatus according to claim 15, the apparatus further includes at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, in order to receive the report of the at least one positioning method, the at least one processor is configured to: receive the report of the at least one positioning method via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna, and wherein the request to execute the set of positioning methods corresponds to a positioning session for the UE.

29. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method includes: obtaining a request to execute a set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in a set of region identifiers (IDs) associated with one or more regions, wherein the request includes a positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods; executing at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions associated with the set of region IDs; and after executing the at least one positioning method, sending a report of the at least one positioning method to a network entity based on the UE being within the one of the one or more regions.

30. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method includes: configuring a positioning method configuration including a set of positioning methods for a set of region IDs associated with one or more regions, wherein each positioning method in the set of positioning methods corresponds to one or more region IDs in the set of region IDs, and wherein the positioning method configuration includes information associated with the execution of the set of positioning methods; In response to a request from a user equipment (UE) to execute the set of positioning methods for at least one region ID in the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions, wherein the request includes the positioning method configuration for the set of region IDs associated with the one or more regions; and Receiving a report of at least one positioning method in the set of positioning methods based on the UE being within one of the one or more regions.

Images