A corn staggered seeder and seeding method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of corn planters and discloses a corn staggered planter, comprising a plurality of planting modules and a support module, wherein the support modules are arranged at both ends of the planting modules, and the plurality of planting modules are sequentially connected through the support modules and share adjacent support modules; the planting module comprises a central positioning reference seat, a lightweight fixing frame, a planting unit, a positioning adjustment mechanism and a ranging sensor; the modular planter of the present application realizes rapid disassembly and assembly of functional modules through a standardized interface, reduces the tedious welding or customized assembly process of a traditional fixing frame, reduces labor costs and time consumption, and is compatible with 30-120 horsepower tractors through a modular rear frame without the need for customized modification, and has the characteristics of strong practicality and flexible expansion of the number of rows.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of corn planters, in particular to a corn staggered planter and a planting method. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's three major food crops, corn's cultivated area and yield play a crucial role in food security. With population growth and limited arable land resources, increasing corn yields per unit area has become a key goal of agricultural modernization. Sowing, a critical step in corn cultivation, directly determines crop density, ventilation and light conditions, and the efficiency of subsequent management. However, traditional planting methods and supporting machinery still have significant shortcomings, severely restricting further increases in corn production capacity.

[0003] Existing corn planters mostly use a one-piece welded frame with a fixed row number, leading to the following problems: Difficulty adjusting the row number: Frame length is tied to the number of rows (e.g., 8 or 12 rows). Using large equipment on small plots results in a "big horse pulling a small cart" situation, while larger plots require repeated operations, reducing efficiency by 30%-50%. Assembly and transportation are inefficient: The entire machine is over 6 meters long (for a 12-row machine), making it difficult to navigate rural roads, and disassembly and assembly takes 3-4 hours. Suspension compatibility is poor: Traditional two-point suspension systems require stringent frame balance, requiring customization to adapt to tractors of varying horsepower, increasing costs by 15%-20%. Traditional planters are rigidly functional, making it difficult to achieve multiple uses. For example, most machines only support fixed row spacing and cannot flexibly switch between narrow (e.g., 40 cm) and wide (e.g., 80 cm) row modes. Maintenance and upgrade costs are high: Traditional equipment components are highly integrated, requiring complete replacement or repair in the event of a malfunction, and technical upgrades require the entire machine to be replaced.

[0004] Traditional seeders are difficult to adapt to the diverse needs of modern agriculture due to their rigid structure and lack of compatibility. Therefore, it is necessary to design a corn staggered seeder with strong practicality and flexible row expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a corn staggered seeder to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a corn staggered seeder, comprising several sowing modules and support modules,

[0007] The support modules are arranged at both ends of the sowing modules, and several sowing modules are sequentially connected through the support modules and share adjacent support modules;

[0008] The sowing module includes a central positioning base, a lightweight fixing frame, a sowing unit, a positioning adjustment mechanism, and a distance sensor. The central positioning base is fixed to the middle of the lightweight fixing frame. The sowing units are mirror-imaged on both sides of the central positioning base through the positioning adjustment mechanism. The distance sensor is integrated into the central positioning base to monitor the spacing between the sowing units.

[0009] The support module includes a second central positioning reference base, a lightweight nested connecting truss, a second positioning adjustment mechanism, and a second distance sensor. The lightweight nested connecting truss is mirrored on both sides of the second central positioning reference base and connected to a lightweight fixed frame. The extension and retraction amount is adjusted by the second positioning adjustment mechanism, and the second distance sensor measures the distance between the support module and the sowing unit.

[0010] The sowing unit integrates a lightweight furrow opener, a finger-type seeder, a lightweight cover and a lightweight flattener.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight fixing frame includes four corner positioning plates, a lightweight central fixing plate, a connecting plate, a bottom reinforcement plate and four corner fixing beams. The four corner fixing beams are distributed in a rectangular shape and the four corner positioning plates are fixed at the ends. The lightweight central fixing plate is fixed to the center of the four corner positioning plates through the connecting plate. The bottom reinforcement plate is connected to the lower end of the four corner positioning plates. The central positioning reference seat is fixed to the middle of the four corner fixing beams.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the positioning and adjustment mechanism includes a lightweight adjustment positioning seat, an aluminum alloy positioning guide rail, an aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod, a drive motor and a gear transmission assembly. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail and the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod symmetrically pass through the central positioning reference seat and are movably connected to the lightweight fixed frame. The lightweight adjustment positioning seat is mirror-imaged on both sides of the central positioning reference seat. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail slides through the lightweight adjustment positioning seat. The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod cooperates with the lightweight adjustment positioning seat through a reciprocating thread structure. The drive motor is connected to the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod through the gear transmission assembly, and the sowing unit is installed on the lightweight adjustment positioning seat.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight furrow opener is movably mounted on the front end of the lightweight adjustable positioning seat through the lightweight first connecting arm, the finger-clamping seeder is fixed in the receiving groove of the lightweight adjustable positioning seat, and the lightweight covering device and the lightweight flattener are mounted on the rear end of the lightweight fixing frame through the lightweight second connecting arm;

[0014] The lightweight flattener includes a connecting frame, a flattening roller and an elastic flattening mechanism. The connecting frame is fixed to the end of the lightweight second connecting arm by bolts. The flattening roller is movably arranged in the connecting frame, and both ends are rotatably mounted through a base assembly.

[0015] The elastic flattening mechanism is composed of a lifting rod and a spring. The lifting rod vertically passes through the guide hole of the connecting frame, and the spring is sleeved on the lifting rod.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, the central positioning reference seat 2 includes a lightweight support frame and a lightweight lifting base. The lightweight support frame is fixed by the upper frame and the lower frame through a hollow connecting plate. The upper frame is shorter than the lower frame, forming an isosceles trapezoidal design; the lightweight lifting base contains a lightweight universal wheel assembly that can be raised and lowered, and the height is adjusted by a threaded drive assembly.

[0017] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight nested connecting truss includes a lightweight telescopic rod group symmetrically distributed up and down, with the two ends respectively connected to a lightweight fixed frame and a central positioning reference seat 2, forming an isosceles trapezoidal distribution; a positioning probe end is provided at the end of the lightweight telescopic rod group, and the lightweight telescopic rod group is made of aluminum alloy tube.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, the second positioning and adjustment mechanism includes a drive assembly, a bevel gear transmission system and a lightweight threaded sleeve. The drive assembly drives the transmission shaft through the bevel gear transmission system. The transmission shaft cooperates with the lightweight threaded sleeve to adjust the telescopic amount of the lightweight nested connection truss.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight adjustment and positioning seat is movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame through the lightweight third connecting arm. The lightweight fixing frame is provided with a displacement detection mark for redundantly checking the position of the sowing unit.

[0020] According to the above technical solution, ranging sensor 1 and ranging sensor 2 use optical or laser ranging modules to provide real-time feedback of the distance data between the sowing unit and the support module. The signal transmitting end of ranging sensor 2 transmits directly to the sowing unit. The components along the way are provided with through holes, and the inner walls of the through holes are provided with laser reflective coatings.

[0021] A corn staggered seeder sowing method comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1, line spacing setting and calibration:

[0023] Set the half-spacing threshold of the distance measuring sensor 1 and the distance measuring sensor 2 according to the target line distance;

[0024] Start the seeder, drive the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 through the drive motor, move the sowing unit to the initial position, and calibrate the zero point of the distance sensor 1;

[0025] The height of the lightweight lifting base is adjusted by a threaded drive assembly, so that the lightweight furrow openers of the planting unit contact the ground and calibrate the planting depth.

[0026] S2, dynamic seeding and real-time adjustment:

[0027] The distance sensor 1 monitors the distance between the sowing unit and the central positioning reference seat 1 in real time. If the narrow row half spacing deviation is greater than 1mm, the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod of the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 is driven to move the sowing unit to correct the row spacing.

[0028] The second distance measuring sensor emits laser light through the through-hole of the support module. The signal is enhanced by the reflective coating on the inner wall, and the spacing between adjacent seeding modules is monitored in real time. If the half-spacing deviation of the wide row is greater than 2mm, the lightweight threaded sleeve of the second positioning adjustment mechanism is driven to adjust the expansion and contraction of the lightweight nested connecting trusses to correct the wide row spacing.

[0029] Through the coordinated feedback and dynamic adjustment of dual ranging sensors, the number of rows for narrow row dense planting and wide row intercropping can be flexibly expanded.

[0030] S3, redundancy check and troubleshooting:

[0031] The position of the sowing unit is manually checked by the displacement detection mark of the lightweight fixed frame. If the deviation from the distance sensor data is greater than 3mm, the system self-check is triggered.

[0032] When distance sensor 1 or distance sensor 2 fails, the distance data of the adjacent sowing module is switched to maintain the wide and narrow row alternating sowing logic.

[0033] S4, multi-crop intercropping mode switching:

[0034] The lightweight nested connecting trusses can be reset to the preset wide row spacing with one click through the positioning adjustment mechanism, which is suitable for intercropping of corn and soybeans.

[0035] Replace the seed holding parts of the finger-type seeder to match the seed sizes of different crops.

[0036] S5, post-sowing maintenance:

[0037] After the operation is completed, the lightweight lifting base is lifted out of contact with the ground through the threaded drive assembly;

[0038] Clean the dust on the inner wall of the through hole and check the reflectivity of the laser reflective coating. If it is less than 90%, spray and repair it;

[0039] Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy positioning guide rails and lightweight threaded sleeves to eliminate mechanical wear clearance.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] (1) Increase yield and improve quality: Through the wide-narrow row dense planting technology, the yield is increased compared with the traditional equal row spacing. The narrow row dense sowing combined with the wide row design for ventilation and light transmission improves the utilization rate of light energy. The wide row improves ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduces shade between plants, and promotes photosynthesis efficiency. The narrow row makes rational use of land space, avoids crowding while ensuring density, and improves the nutrient distribution efficiency of each plant.

[0042] (2) Modular rapid assembly and high compatibility: The modular seeder achieves rapid assembly and disassembly of functional modules (seeding, transmission, support, etc.) through standardized interfaces (such as bolt connections and flexible interfaces), reducing the cumbersome welding or customized assembly process of traditional fixed frames, reducing labor costs and time consumption. Through the modular rear frame, the front end is equipped with a connection point (matching the tractor's three-point suspension device), which is compatible with 30-120 horsepower tractors and does not require customized modification. It can be disassembled into small-sized units and is suitable for transportation by small trucks, reducing transportation space occupation. Small plots (4-6 rows) and large farms (12-16 rows) share the same module library, and users do not need to purchase equipment repeatedly.

[0043] (3) Flexible adjustment of the number of rows: Through nested guide rails and locking bolts, the single expansion increment is 2 rows (minimum 2 rows, maximum 16 rows), and the row number adjustment range covers 4-16 rows. The newly added sowing module is automatically connected to the central control system, and the sowing parameters (row spacing, depth) are calibrated synchronously with one button, eliminating manual adjustment of each row;

[0044] (4) Flexible expansion of the number of rows: Dual sensors provide collaborative feedback, ranging sensor 1 (narrow row control) and ranging sensor 2 (wide row control) monitor the spacing between sowing units in real time, dynamically adjust the positioning mechanism, and add IMU attitude compensation. The inertial measurement unit detects the inclination of the machine body, dynamically corrects the sowing depth and row spacing offset, and ensures uniform row spacing.

[0045] (5) Adaptability to complex terrain: The high-strength aluminum alloy truss and isosceles trapezoidal support frame design improves the ability to resist lateral forces and is suitable for operations on hilly and sloping land. The spring-buffered flattening roller adapts to the undulations of the ground to ensure uniformity of seed covering. The universal wheel assembly is designed for omnidirectional movement, supporting continuous operation on slopes and reducing the risk of slipping.

[0046] (6) Quick switching between multiple crops: One-touch row spacing adjustment, stepless adjustment of nested truss telescopic amount, support for switching between corn and soybean intercropping modes, short time consumption, quick-release finger-clamp seeder, replacing the seed clamping parts in just 10 minutes, suitable for corn, soybeans, forage and other crops;

[0047] (7) Lightweight and efficient operation: Aluminum alloy and carbon fiber composite materials replace traditional steel, reducing the weight of the whole machine by 30%-50%, reducing traction energy consumption, shortening the average sowing time per mu compared with traditional machinery, and increasing the daily operating area;

[0048] (8) Redundant verification and high reliability: Through the dual verification mechanism, the design of the displacement detection mark helps to manually verify the position of the sowing unit. An error of more than 3mm triggers an alarm. When a single sensor fails, the adjacent module data is automatically switched to ensure continuous operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 is a first perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 is a second perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 is a first stereoscopic schematic diagram of a sowing module of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 is a second perspective schematic diagram of a sowing module of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 is a third perspective schematic diagram of the sowing module of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 It is a first partial stereoscopic schematic diagram of the sowing module of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 7 is a second partial perspective schematic diagram of the sowing module of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 is a third partial perspective schematic diagram of the sowing module of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 9 is a first perspective schematic diagram of a support module of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 10 is a second perspective schematic diagram of the support module of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 11 is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support module of the present invention;

[0061] In the figure: 1-Central positioning reference seat 1, 2-Lightweight fixing frame, 21-Four corner positioning plates, 22-Lightweight central fixing plate, 23-Connecting plate, 24-Bottom reinforcement plate, 25-Four corner fixing beams, 26-Displacement detection mark, 3-Seeding unit, 4-Positioning adjustment mechanism 1, 41-Lightweight adjustment positioning seat, 42-Aluminum alloy positioning guide rail, 43-Aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod, 44-Drive motor, 45-Gear transmission assembly, 5-Distance sensor 1, 6-Central positioning reference seat 2, 61-Lightweight support frame, 611-Upper frame, 612-Lower frame, 613-Hollow connecting plate, 62-Lightweight lifting base, 621-Lightweight universal wheel assembly , 622-threaded drive assembly, 7-lightweight nested connecting truss, 71-lightweight telescopic rod group, 72-positioning probe end, 8-positioning adjustment mechanism 2, 81-drive assembly, 82-bevel gear transmission system, 83-lightweight threaded sleeve, 84-drive shaft, 9-distance sensor 2, 91-through hole, 10-lightweight furrow opener, 11-finger clamp seeder, 12-lightweight soil coverer, 13-lightweight flattener, 131-connecting frame, 132-flattening roller, 133-card seat assembly, 134-lifting rod, 135-spring, 14-lightweight first connecting arm, 15-accommodating slot, 16-lightweight second connecting arm, 17-lightweight third connecting arm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] See also Figure 1-11 The present invention provides a technical solution: a corn staggered seeder, comprising several sowing modules and support modules.

[0064] The support modules are arranged at both ends of the sowing modules, and several sowing modules are sequentially connected through the support modules and share adjacent support modules;

[0065] The sowing module includes a central positioning base 1, a lightweight fixing frame 2, a sowing unit 3, a positioning adjustment mechanism 4, and a distance sensor 5. The central positioning base 1 is fixed to the middle of the lightweight fixing frame 2. The sowing units 3 are mirrored on both sides of the central positioning base 1 through the positioning adjustment mechanism 4. The distance sensor 5 is integrated into the central positioning base 1 to monitor the distance between the sowing units 3.

[0066] The support module includes a central positioning reference base 2 6, a lightweight nested connecting truss 7, a positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8, and a distance sensor 2 9. The lightweight nested connecting truss 7 is mirrored and distributed on both sides of the central positioning reference base 2 6 and connected to the lightweight fixed frame 2. The telescopic amount is adjusted by the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8, and the distance sensor 2 9 measures the distance between the support module and the sowing unit 3.

[0067] The sowing unit 3 integrates a lightweight furrow opener 10, a finger-type seeder 11, a lightweight soil cover 12 and a lightweight flattener 13;

[0068] The central positioning reference seat 1 serves as the core positioning reference of the sowing module, ensuring the mirror-symmetrical distribution of the sowing units 3 on both sides to achieve "small double-row staggered sowing". The lightweight fixed frame 2 uses lightweight materials (such as aluminum alloy or composite materials) to reduce the weight of the whole machine, improve maneuverability and energy efficiency, and the sowing unit 3 integrates the whole process of furrowing, sowing, covering and flattening. The sowing spacing is accurately controlled by the positioning adjustment mechanism 4 to ensure that the row spacing and plant spacing of "staggered sowing" meet the design requirements. The distance sensor 5 monitors the spacing of the sowing units in real time, feeds back data to the control system, and dynamically adjusts the positioning adjustment mechanism. The central positioning reference seat 2 6 serves as the connection node of adjacent sowing modules. The lightweight nested connecting trusses 7 realize rapid assembly and spacing adjustment between modules. The positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8 adjusts the spacing of the support modules by the telescopic amount to adapt to different The planting density requirement of the same field is suitable for variable seeding operations. The row spacing can be adjusted in real time according to the soil fertility map. The row spacing can be reduced in fertile areas to increase density, and the row spacing can be expanded in poor areas to reduce competition. It is also suitable for intercropping of multiple crops. By quickly switching the row spacing configuration, the alternating planting of corn, soybeans, forage and other crops can be achieved, and resource utilization is optimized. The ranging sensor 29 monitors the distance between the support module and the sowing unit to ensure the stability of the whole machine structure and avoid sowing deviation caused by uneven fields. The lightweight furrow opener 10 forms the seed furrow. After sowing, the soil coverer 12 covers the seeds. The flattener 13 compacts the soil to ensure that the seeds are in contact with the soil and improve the emergence rate. The lightweight furrow opener 10, the finger-clamp seeder 11, the lightweight soil coverer 12 and the lightweight flattener 13 are all common technical means in the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0069] Sowing module: With the central positioning reference seat 1 as the core, the sowing units 3 are distributed in mirror images on both sides. The lateral offset adjustment is achieved through the positioning adjustment mechanism 4 to adapt to different row spacing requirements. The distance sensor 5 monitors the spacing between the sowing units in real time to ensure sowing accuracy and reduce manual calibration. It can dynamically correct the spacing deviation caused by mechanical vibration or uneven ground to improve the stability of staggered sowing. Support module: The nested trusses 7 are used to connect adjacent sowing modules. The overall width is adjusted by the positioning adjustment mechanism 8. It is suitable for different plot sizes and can flexibly increase or decrease the number of sowing modules to meet the planting needs of plots of different sizes. The distance sensor 9 monitors the spacing between modules to ensure the consistency and stability of the equipment assembly. The fixed frame 2, truss 7 and sowing unit components (lightweight furrow opener 10, cover 12, flattener Device 13) uses lightweight materials (such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber composite materials) to reduce the weight of the entire machine and reduce energy consumption. At the same time, it ensures strength through structural optimization, making it suitable for operations in complex terrain. It is installed at the rear end of the tractor through a three-point suspension device and used as a rear-mounted seeder. Through sensor feedback and positioning mechanisms, the sowing unit can adjust its lateral position in real time to achieve "offset" sowing (alternating wide and narrow rows), optimizing plant light and nutrient competition, and suitable for dense planting and high-yield models. The nested truss design of the support module supports rapid disassembly and assembly and telescopic adjustment, facilitating transportation, storage, and adaptation to farmlands of different sizes, reducing usage costs. The lightweight materials used in this device are aluminum alloy (such as 6061-T6) or carbon fiber composite materials, which are 30%-50% lighter than traditional steel. At the same time, strength is ensured through heat treatment or prepreg processes;

[0070] Specifically, the lightweight fixing frame 2 includes four corner positioning plates 21, a lightweight central fixing plate 22, a connecting plate 23, a bottom reinforcement plate 24 and four corner fixing beams 25. The four corner fixing beams 25 are distributed in a rectangular shape and the ends are fixed to the four corner positioning plates 21. The lightweight central fixing plate 22 is fixed to the center of the four corner positioning plates 21 through the connecting plate 23. The bottom reinforcement plate 24 is connected to the lower end of the four corner positioning plates 21. The central positioning reference seat 1 is fixed to the middle of the four corner fixing beams 25.

[0071] The four-corner fixed beams 25 serve as the "skeleton" of the frame and are distributed in a rectangular shape to form a stable geometric support structure. They bear the vertical and lateral forces of the sowing unit, positioning mechanism and external loads (such as soil resistance and mechanical vibration). The ends are connected to the four-corner positioning plates 21. By increasing the contact area, the stress is dispersed to avoid local deformation. The four-corner positioning plates 21 serve as the terminal anchor points of the fixed beams, providing a high-precision installation reference to ensure that the positioning adjustment mechanism 4 of the sowing unit 3 can be accurately aligned. The symmetrical layout of the four corners forms a "rigid node" to resist the torsional deformation of the frame (such as the lateral force during turning operations). The central positioning reference seat 1 is fixed in the middle to ensure the symmetry and stability of the sowing unit. The downward pressure is transmitted to the four corner fixing beams 25 through the central positioning reference seat 1, and is dispersed to the entire frame through the four corner positioning plates 21 to avoid local stress concentration. The lightweight central fixing plate 22 is connected to the center of the four corner positioning plates 21 through the connecting plate 23 to form a "center-radiate" structure, which enhances the overall rigidity of the frame and prevents the frame from bending due to the uneven load of the sowing unit. A hollow or honeycomb structure can be used to further reduce weight. The bottom reinforcement plate 24 is connected to the four corner positioning plates 21 at the lower end to specifically resist the lifting force of the soil on the lightweight furrow opener 10 and the impact load during operation, thereby avoiding deformation of the bottom of the frame. A corrugated plate or reinforcing rib design is used to improve the bending resistance while avoiding adding too much weight.

[0072] Specifically, the positioning adjustment mechanism 4 includes a lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41, an aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42, an aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43, a drive motor 44 and a gear transmission assembly 45. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 and the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 symmetrically pass through the central positioning reference seat 1 and are movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame 2. The lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41 is mirror-imaged on both sides of the central positioning reference seat 1. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 slides through the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41. The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 cooperates with the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41 through a reciprocating thread structure. The drive motor 44 is connected to the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 through the gear transmission assembly 45. The sowing unit 3 is installed on the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41;

[0073] The lightweight adjustment and positioning seat 41 is made of lightweight and high-strength materials (such as magnesium-aluminum alloy or carbon fiber reinforced plastic), with an integrated guide groove and threaded interface inside to reduce inertia and improve response speed. It serves as the mounting base of the sowing unit 3, bears the weight of the sowing unit, and realizes lateral displacement through sliding and threaded transmission. The surface of the aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 is hard anodized to enhance wear resistance. The cross-section can preferably adopt an I-shaped or dovetail groove structure to improve bending and torsion resistance. As a linear motion track, it passes through the central positioning reference seat 1 and the adjustment and positioning seat 41, constraining the adjustment seat to slide only along the guide rail direction to ensure the straightness of movement. The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 cooperates with the threaded hole of the adjustment and positioning seat 41 through a reciprocating thread (such as a trapezoidal thread or a ball screw) to convert the rotational motion of the drive motor 44 into linear displacement of the adjustment seat. The drive motor 44 provides power, and the gear transmission assembly 45 realizes speed matching and torque amplification to drive the reciprocating drive rod 43 to rotate;

[0074] Specifically, the lightweight furrow opener 10 is movably mounted on the front end of the lightweight adjustable positioning seat 41 through the lightweight first connecting arm 14, the finger-clamping seeder 11 is fixed in the receiving groove 15 of the lightweight adjustable positioning seat 41, and the lightweight cover 12 and the lightweight flattener 13 are mounted on the rear end of the lightweight fixed frame 2 through the lightweight second connecting arm 16; the lightweight flattener 13 includes a connecting frame 131, a flattening roller 132 and an elastic flattening mechanism, the connecting frame 131 is fixed to the end of the lightweight second connecting arm 16 by bolts, the flattening roller 132 is movably arranged in the connecting frame 131, and the two ends are rotatably mounted through the base assembly 133; the elastic flattening mechanism is composed of a lifting rod 134 and a spring 135, the lifting rod 134 vertically passes through the guide hole of the connecting frame 131, and the spring 135 is sleeved on the lifting rod 134;

[0075] The lightweight furrow opener 10 is movably mounted on the front end of the adjustment and positioning seat 41 through the lightweight first connecting arm 14, and can move synchronously with the lateral adjustment of the sowing unit. The finger-clamping seeder 11 is embedded in the receiving groove 15 of the adjustment and positioning seat 41 and is fixed by a buckle or quick-release bolt, which is convenient for quick replacement or maintenance. The lightweight furrow opener 10 and the soil cover 12 and the flattener 13 are separated before and after the sowing unit to form a continuous operation flow (ditching, sowing, covering, compacting) to avoid process interference. The flattening roller 132 can rotate around the base assembly 133 and pass through The spring 135 expands and contracts to compensate for terrain fluctuations and maintain compaction uniformity. The surface of the flattening roller 132 is designed with embossed patterns or a rubber coating to increase friction and enhance compaction. When encountering large obstacles, the lifting rod 134 can compress the spring 135 to lift the flattening roller 132 to prevent structural damage. The lightweight first connecting arm 14 and the lightweight second connecting arm 16 are made of aluminum alloy extrusion profiles or carbon fiber composite materials, which are 40%-60% lighter than traditional steel arms. The flattening roller 132 uses a hollow aluminum tube with a rubber coating, balancing lightweightness and wear resistance.

[0076] Specifically, the central positioning reference seat 2 6 includes a lightweight support frame 61 and a lightweight lifting base 62. The lightweight support frame 61 is fixed by an upper frame 611 and a lower frame 612 through a hollow connecting plate 613. The upper frame 611 is shorter than the lower frame 612, forming an isosceles trapezoidal design; the lightweight lifting base 62 includes a lightweight universal wheel assembly 621 that can be raised and lowered, and the height is adjusted by a threaded drive assembly 622.

[0077] The lightweight support frame 61 includes an upper frame 611 and a lower frame 612. The upper frame 611 is shorter and the lower frame 612 is longer, forming a stable isosceles trapezoidal structure to enhance the ability to resist lateral forces (such as centrifugal force when turning). The lightweight lifting base 62 includes a lifting lightweight universal wheel assembly 621, which is adjusted in height by a thread drive assembly 622. The micron level adjustment of the base height is achieved through a precision thread pair (such as a trapezoidal thread or a ball screw) to adapt to different sowing depth requirements. The thread design has a self-locking feature to prevent position deviation due to vibration after adjustment. The universal wheel assembly 621 uses a spherical bearing or omnidirectional wheel design to adapt to the mobility requirements of complex terrain (such as slopes or uneven plots). The trapezoidal structure of the support frame 61 and the flexible steering of the universal wheel assembly 621 adapt to complex terrain and reduce the risk of rollover, making it suitable for planting on hilly and sloping land. Through height adjustment and modular connection, it supports different sowing depths and row spacing configurations to meet the needs of agronomic research and facilitate precision agriculture experiments. The rapid adjustment capability of the threaded drive assembly 622 supports rapid switching of sowing parameters between different plots, improving work efficiency and quickly responding to agronomic adjustments.

[0078] Specifically, the lightweight nested connecting truss 7 includes a lightweight telescopic rod group 71 symmetrically distributed above and below, with both ends connected to the lightweight fixing frame 2 and the central positioning reference seat 2 6, respectively, in an isosceles trapezoidal distribution; a positioning probe end 72 is provided at the end of the lightweight telescopic rod group 71, and the lightweight telescopic rod group 71 is made of aluminum alloy tube;

[0079] The lightweight nested connecting truss 7 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 6061-T6), which is heat-treated to increase strength and is 30%-50% lighter than traditional steel rods. The symmetrically arranged telescopic rods form a stable triangular support structure, enhancing resistance to lateral forces and torsional torsions. This prevents relative sliding between modules, especially when operating on turns or uneven terrain. The isosceles trapezoidal structure and the high stability of the telescopic rods ensure stable operation in complex terrain such as hills and slopes. The positioning probe end 72 can directly locate the installation position, avoiding installation deviations and improving installation efficiency.

[0080] Specifically, the second positioning adjustment mechanism 8 includes a drive assembly 81, a bevel gear transmission system 82 and a lightweight threaded sleeve 83. The drive assembly 81 drives a transmission shaft 84 through the bevel gear transmission system 82. The transmission shaft 84 cooperates with the lightweight threaded sleeve 83 to adjust the expansion and contraction of the lightweight nested connection truss 7.

[0081] The drive assembly 81 serves as a power source, providing rotational motion input. A stepper motor or servo motor is typically used to support high-precision position control. The bevel gear transmission system 82 changes the direction of power transmission (converting horizontal axis rotation to vertical axis output) while simultaneously achieving speed reduction and torque increase. A lightweight threaded sleeve 83, bolted to the side wall of the lightweight fixing frame 2, cooperates with the external thread of the transmission shaft 84 through its internal thread to convert rotational motion into linear displacement, driving the truss 7 to extend and retract. The width of the truss 7 is dynamically adjusted according to preset agronomic parameters (such as corn variety and soil fertility), achieving stepless switching of row spacing from 60 cm to 120 cm. When switching between different crops (such as intercropping corn and soybeans), the standard row spacing configuration can be reset with one click, improving work efficiency.

[0082] Specifically, the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41 is movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame 2 through the lightweight third connecting arm 17. The lightweight fixing frame 2 is provided with a displacement detection mark 26 for redundantly checking the position of the sowing unit 3;

[0083] The lightweight third connecting arm 17 can move synchronously with the lateral adjustment of the sowing unit, and the position of the sowing unit 3 is verified by comparing the sleeve at the end with the displacement detection mark 26. The displacement detection mark 26 is set as a black and white scale line (width 2-3mm) printed or laser engraved on the surface of the lightweight fixing frame 2. The spacing is set according to actual needs (such as one grid every 5mm) to ensure that it is clearly visible to the naked eye. An arrow-shaped pointer (sprayed red) can be set at the end of the connecting arm 17 and aligned with the scale line on the fixing frame 2 to form a "pointer-scale" observation interface;

[0084] Specifically, the distance sensor 1 5 and the distance sensor 2 9 use optical or laser distance measurement modules to provide real-time feedback of the distance data between the sowing unit 3 and the support module. The signal transmitting end of the distance sensor 2 9 transmits directly to the sowing unit 3. The components along the way are provided with a through hole 91, and the inner wall of the through hole 91 is provided with a laser reflective coating.

[0085] The distance measuring sensor 15 is located on the lightweight fixing frame 2 of the sowing module, and is aligned with the reflective surface of the central positioning reference seat 1. It provides real-time feedback on the offset between the sowing unit 3 and the reference seat 1 to ensure that the narrow row half-spacing is constant. The distance measuring sensor 29 is located on the central positioning reference seat 26 of the support module, and is aligned with the sowing unit 3 of the adjacent sowing module. It provides real-time feedback on the offset between the sowing unit 3 and the support module to ensure that the wide row half-spacing is constant. The laser is emitted through the through hole 91 of the support module, and the signal is enhanced by the reflective coating on the inner wall. The relative displacement between the sowing modules is monitored to prevent the wide row spacing from deviating due to terrain undulations or mechanical vibrations.

[0086] A corn staggered seeder sowing method comprises the following steps:

[0087] S1, line spacing setting and calibration:

[0088] Set the half-spacing threshold of the distance measuring sensor 1 5 and the distance measuring sensor 2 9 according to the target line distance;

[0089] Start the seed drill, drive the positioning adjustment mechanism 1-4 through the drive motor 44, move the seeding unit 3 to the initial position, and calibrate the zero point of the distance sensor 1-5;

[0090] The height of the lightweight lifting base 62 is adjusted by the threaded drive assembly 622 so that the lightweight furrow opener 10 of the sowing unit 3 contacts the ground and the sowing depth is calibrated.

[0091] S2, dynamic seeding and real-time adjustment:

[0092] The distance measuring sensor 5 monitors the distance between the sowing unit 3 and the central positioning reference base 1 in real time. If the narrow row half spacing deviation is greater than 1mm, the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 of the positioning adjustment mechanism 4 is driven to move the sowing unit 3 to correct the row spacing.

[0093] The second distance measuring sensor 9 emits laser light through the through hole 91 of the support module. The signal is enhanced by the reflective coating on the inner wall, and the spacing between adjacent sowing modules is monitored in real time. If the half-spacing deviation of the wide row is greater than 2mm, the lightweight threaded sleeve 83 of the second positioning adjustment mechanism 8 is driven to adjust the expansion and contraction of the lightweight nested connecting trusses 7 to correct the wide row spacing.

[0094] Through the coordinated feedback and dynamic adjustment of dual ranging sensors, the number of rows for narrow row dense planting and wide row intercropping can be flexibly expanded.

[0095] S3, redundancy check and troubleshooting:

[0096] The position of the sowing unit 3 is manually checked by the displacement detection mark 26 of the lightweight fixing frame 2. If the deviation with the distance sensor 5 data is greater than 3mm, the system self-check is triggered;

[0097] When the distance sensor 1 5 or the distance sensor 2 9 fails, the distance data of the adjacent sowing module is switched to maintain the wide and narrow row alternating sowing logic.

[0098] S4, multi-crop intercropping mode switching:

[0099] The lightweight nested connecting trusses 7 can be reset to the preset wide row spacing by one button through the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8, which is suitable for the intercropping requirements of corn and soybeans;

[0100] The seed holding components of the finger-clamp seeder 11 can be replaced to match the seed sizes of different crops.

[0101] S5, post-sowing maintenance:

[0102] After the operation is completed, the lightweight lifting base 62 is lifted up by the threaded drive assembly 622 and released from contact with the ground;

[0103] Clean the dust on the inner wall of the through hole 91 and check the reflectivity of the laser reflective coating. If it is less than 90%, spray and repair it.

[0104] The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 and the lightweight threaded sleeve 83 are lubricated and maintained to eliminate mechanical wear clearance.

[0105] Working principle: This device realizes the alternating wide and narrow row sowing of corn through modular structure design and dual-sensor collaborative feedback control. The core goal is to accurately control the row spacing, adapt to complex terrain and meet the needs of intercropping of multiple crops.

[0106] Module coordination and positioning benchmark

[0107] Sowing module (narrow row control, narrow row adjustment range: 30-60cm, suitable for dense planting and intercropping):

[0108] The central positioning reference seat 1 serves as the symmetry axis of the sowing module, and the sowing units 3 are distributed in mirror images on both sides.

[0109] The positioning adjustment mechanism 1 4 drives the sowing unit 3 to move laterally through the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and the reciprocating drive rod 43 to adjust the narrow row half spacing (such as 15 cm).

[0110] The distance measuring sensor 5 monitors the distance between the sowing unit 3 and the central positioning reference base 1 in real time, and triggers dynamic adjustment when the error exceeds the threshold (±1mm).

[0111] Support module (row width control, row width adjustment range: 50-120cm, adapted to drought resistance, ventilation and intercropping requirements):

[0112] The central positioning reference seat 2 6 connects adjacent sowing modules, and the module spacing is adjusted by the nested trusses 7.

[0113] Positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8 is driven by bevel gear 82 and threaded sleeve 83 to drive the truss to extend and retract, and adjust the half spacing of the wide row (such as 30cm).

[0114] The second distance measuring sensor 9 monitors the distance between adjacent modules through the laser reflective coating on the inner wall of the through hole 91 and corrects it when the error exceeds the limit (±2mm).

[0115] This device can be equipped with an IMU (inertial measurement unit) as needed to monitor the body posture (roll angle, pitch angle, yaw angle) in real time and dynamically compensate for the deviation in sowing depth and row spacing caused by terrain undulation or body vibration. It can be integrated on the central positioning reference seat 26 of the support module. The central positioning reference seat 26 is located at the geometric center of the modular structure. Installing the IMU can accurately reflect the posture of the entire machine (roll angle, pitch angle), complement the ranging sensor, and improve the system's fault tolerance. IMU is a common technical means in the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0116] Sowing unit operation process

[0117] Furrowing: The lightweight furrow opener 10 forms a seed furrow in the soil, the depth of which is adjusted by the lifting base 62.

[0118] Sowing: The finger-clamp seeder 11 accurately sows seeds according to the preset plant spacing, and the seed clamping force is adjustable (suitable for different seeds such as corn and soybeans).

[0119] Covering and compacting: The lightweight cover 12 covers the seeds, and the flattener 13 adapts to the terrain through an elastic mechanism (spring 135) to compact the soil.

[0120] Dynamic adjustment and redundancy mechanism

[0121] Real-time feedback control: Distance sensors 1 5 and 2 9 transmit data to the central controller via the CAN bus, driving the motor 44 and the threaded sleeve 83 to perform line distance correction.

[0122] Redundancy check: The displacement detection mark 26 cooperates with the pointer of the third connecting arm 17 to manually check the position of the sowing unit (alarm when the error is greater than 3mm). When a single sensor fails, the data of the adjacent module is switched to maintain the operation.

[0123] Lightweight and high rigidity design

[0124] Material selection: Key components (fixed frame 2, truss 7, connecting arms 14 / 16) are made of aluminum alloy (6061-T6) or carbon fiber composite materials, which are 30%-50% lighter than traditional steel structures. The guide rail 42 and drive rod 43 are hard anodized, which increases wear resistance by 3 times.

[0125] Structural optimization: The four corner fixed beams 25 of the fixed frame 2 and the bottom reinforcement plate 24 form a torsion-resistant frame to resist soil resistance and vibration loads. The isosceles trapezoidal design of the support frame 61 enhances the ability to resist lateral forces and is suitable for slope operations.

[0126] Multi-scenario adaptability

[0127] Close planting and intercropping modes: Narrow row close planting: 30cm narrow row (corn) is suitable for high-density planting, increasing the average number of plants per mu by 15%; Wide row intercropping: 60cm wide row intercropping of soybeans, and the configuration can be quickly switched through the nested truss 7 with one-button reset.

[0128] Complex terrain operations: The universal wheel assembly 621 cooperates with the lifting base 62 to adapt to slopes (≤15°) and uneven land. The elastic mechanism of the flattener 13 automatically compensates for the terrain undulations, and the compaction uniformity error is less than 5%.

[0129] Fast maintenance and expansion: The 3-unit quick-release design (snap / bolt) allows changing seed types in just 10 minutes. Modular assembly supports increasing or decreasing the number of units to adapt to farmlands of different sizes.

[0130] Example 1: Dense corn planting in ordinary farmland

[0131] Scenario setting: Corn is densely planted in a flat farmland, with a target row spacing of 30 cm (half spacing 15 cm) and a sowing depth of 5 cm.

[0132] Steps:

[0133] Preparation before sowing:

[0134] Equipment inspection and calibration: Check all parts of the sowing module and the support module to ensure that the aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 and the reciprocating drive rod 43 are not stuck, and calibrate the distance sensor 1 5 and the distance sensor 2 9 to ensure that the zero point is accurate.

[0135] Parameter setting: Set the narrow row half spacing to 15cm, the wide row half spacing to 30cm (select according to intercropping needs), set the sowing depth to 5cm, and the travel speed to 3km / h.

[0136] Seed loading: corn seeds are loaded into the finger-type seeder 11 of the sowing unit 3, ensuring that the seed bin is fully loaded.

[0137] Sowing process:

[0138] Start and move: Start the power system of the seeder, set the travel speed to 3km / h, and start moving.

[0139] Real-time monitoring and adjustment: Distance sensor 15 monitors the distance between the sowing unit 3 and the central positioning reference seat 1 in real time to ensure that the narrow row half spacing is 15 cm. Distance sensor 29 monitors the distance between adjacent sowing modules in real time to ensure that the wide row half spacing is 30 cm.

[0140] Precise seeding execution: Based on the feedback from the distance sensor, the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 4 and the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8 dynamically adjust the position of the seeding unit to ensure accurate row spacing.

[0141] Dynamic Adjustment:

[0142] Data collection and analysis: The central control system receives distance measurement data in real time and analyzes the position deviation of the sowing unit. If an IMU is added, the sowing depth and row spacing can be dynamically adjusted in combination with the IMU data to compensate for deviations caused by uneven ground or mechanical vibration.

[0143] Dynamic parameter optimization: Dynamically adjust sowing depth and speed according to soil moisture and density to ensure uniform seed distribution.

[0144] Maintenance after sowing:

[0145] Equipment stop and inspection: After completing sowing, stop the seeder and check the operating status of all components.

[0146] Cleaning and maintenance: Clean the dirt on the distance sensor and reflective coating to ensure normal signal when used next time. Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and threaded sleeve 83 to extend their service life.

[0147] Data recording and analysis: Record row spacing, depth and speed data during the sowing process, analyze sowing quality, and optimize next sowing parameters.

[0148] Example 2: Quickly change the line spacing configuration

[0149] Scenario setting: In the same piece of farmland, the row spacing configuration is dynamically adjusted according to the distribution of soil fertility. The row spacing in fertile areas is reduced to increase density, and the row spacing in poor areas is expanded to reduce competition.

[0150] Steps:

[0151] Preparation before sowing:

[0152] Equipment inspection and calibration: Check the flexibility of positioning adjustment mechanism 1 4 and positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8 to ensure that the line spacing can be adjusted quickly, and calibrate distance sensor 1 5 and distance sensor 2 9 to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0153] Parameter setting: Set the default narrow row half spacing to 15cm and wide row half spacing to 30cm. According to the soil fertility map, preset row spacing adjustment parameters for different areas.

[0154] Seed loading: Load corn seeds into sowing unit 3.

[0155] Sowing process:

[0156] Start and move: Start the planter, set the moving speed to 3km / h, and start moving.

[0157] Real-time monitoring and adjustment: Distance sensor 1 5 and distance sensor 2 9 monitor the position of the sowing unit in real time to ensure accurate row spacing and dynamically adjust the row spacing configuration based on soil fertility sensor data.

[0158] Precision seeding execution: Dynamically adjusts the position and row spacing of seeding units based on sensor feedback, ensuring that row spacing is reduced in fertile areas and increased in infertile areas.

[0159] Dynamic Adjustment:

[0160] Data collection and analysis: The central control system receives distance measurement and soil fertility data in real time, analyzes the position deviation of the sowing unit and the change in row spacing, and dynamically adjusts the row spacing according to the soil fertility distribution to optimize the sowing density.

[0161] Dynamic parameter optimization: Dynamically adjust the sowing speed and row spacing according to soil moisture and density to optimize sowing quality.

[0162] Maintenance after sowing:

[0163] Equipment stop and inspection: After completing sowing, stop the seeder and check the operating status of all components.

[0164] Cleaning and maintenance: Clean the dirt on the distance sensor and reflective coating to ensure normal signal when used next time. Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and threaded sleeve 83 to extend their service life.

[0165] Data recording and analysis: Record row spacing, depth and speed data during the sowing process, analyze sowing quality, and optimize next sowing parameters.

[0166] Example 3: Switching between multiple crop intercropping modes

[0167] Scenario setting: In the same farmland, corn and soybeans are planted alternately, with the target narrow row spacing of 30 cm (half spacing of 15 cm) and wide row spacing of 60 cm (half spacing of 30 cm).

[0168] Steps:

[0169] Preparation before sowing:

[0170] Equipment inspection and calibration: Check the flexibility of positioning adjustment mechanism 1 4 and positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8 to ensure that the line spacing can be adjusted quickly, and calibrate distance sensor 1 5 and distance sensor 2 9 to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0171] Parameter setting: Set the narrow row half spacing to 15cm, the wide row half spacing to 30cm, set the corn sowing depth to 5cm, and the soybean sowing depth to 4cm.

[0172] Seed loading: corn seeds and soybean seeds are loaded into the corresponding sowing units 3 respectively.

[0173] Sowing process:

[0174] Start and move: Start the seeder, set the moving speed to 3km / h, and start moving.

[0175] Real-time monitoring and adjustment: Distance sensor 1 5 and distance sensor 2 9 monitor the position of the sowing unit in real time to ensure accurate row spacing and dynamically switch the row spacing configuration according to the preset intercropping mode.

[0176] Precision seeding execution: Dynamically adjusts the position and planting depth of the seeding unit based on sensor feedback to ensure corn and soybeans are planted at the set row spacing and depth respectively.

[0177] Dynamic Adjustment:

[0178] Data collection and analysis: The central control system receives distance and depth data in real time and analyzes the position deviation and sowing depth changes of the sowing unit.

[0179] According to the preset mode, the row spacing configuration is dynamically adjusted to ensure alternating planting of corn and soybeans.

[0180] Dynamic parameter optimization: Dynamically adjust the sowing speed and depth according to soil moisture and density to optimize sowing quality.

[0181] Maintenance after sowing:

[0182] Equipment stop and inspection: After completing sowing, stop the seeder and check the operating status of all components.

[0183] Cleaning and maintenance: Clean the dirt on the distance sensor and reflective coating to ensure normal signal when used next time. Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and threaded sleeve 83 to extend their service life.

[0184] Data recording and analysis: Record row spacing, depth and speed data during the sowing process, analyze sowing quality, and optimize next sowing parameters.

[0185] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0186] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn staggered seeder, comprising a plurality of sowing modules and a support module, characterized in that: The support modules are arranged at both ends of the sowing modules, and several sowing modules are sequentially connected through the support modules and share adjacent support modules; The sowing module comprises a central positioning reference seat (1), a lightweight fixing frame (2), a sowing unit (3), a positioning adjustment mechanism (4) and a distance sensor (5), wherein the central positioning reference seat (1) is fixed to the middle of the lightweight fixing frame (2), the sowing units (3) are mirror-imaged on both sides of the central positioning reference seat (1) through the positioning adjustment mechanism (4), and the distance sensor (5) is integrated on the central positioning reference seat (1) to monitor the spacing between the sowing units (3); The support module includes a central positioning reference seat (6), a lightweight nested connecting truss (7), a positioning adjustment mechanism (8) and a distance sensor (9). The lightweight nested connecting truss (7) is mirror-imaged and distributed on both sides of the central positioning reference seat (6) and connected to the lightweight fixed frame (2). The telescopic amount is adjusted by the positioning adjustment mechanism (8), and the distance sensor (9) measures the distance between the support module and the sowing unit (3). The sowing unit (3) integrates a lightweight furrow opener (10), a finger-type seeder (11), a lightweight soil cover (12) and a lightweight flattener (13); The positioning adjustment mechanism (4) includes a lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41), an aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42), an aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43), a drive motor (44) and a gear transmission assembly (45). The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42) and the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43) symmetrically penetrate the central positioning reference seat (1) and are movably connected to the lightweight fixed frame (2). The lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41) is mirror-imaged on both sides of the central positioning reference seat (1). The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42) slides through the lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41). The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43) cooperates with the lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41) through a reciprocating thread structure. The drive motor (44) is connected to the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43) through the gear transmission assembly (45). The sowing unit (3) is installed on the lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41). The second central positioning reference seat (6) includes a lightweight support frame (61) and a lightweight lifting base (62). The lightweight support frame (61) is fixed by an upper frame (611) and a lower frame (612) through a hollow connecting plate (613). The upper frame (611) is shorter than the lower frame (612), forming an isosceles trapezoidal design. The lightweight lifting base (62) includes a lightweight universal wheel assembly (621) that can be raised and lowered, and the height is adjusted by a threaded drive assembly (622). The second positioning adjustment mechanism (8) includes a drive assembly (81), a bevel gear transmission system (82) and a lightweight threaded sleeve (83). The drive assembly (81) drives a transmission shaft (84) through the bevel gear transmission system (82). The transmission shaft (84) cooperates with the lightweight threaded sleeve (83) to adjust the expansion and contraction amount of the lightweight nested connection truss (7).

2. The corn staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight fixing frame (2) includes four corner positioning plates (21), a lightweight central fixing plate (22), a connecting plate (23), a bottom reinforcing plate (24) and four corner fixing beams (25). The four corner fixing beams (25) are distributed in a rectangular shape and the four corner positioning plates (21) are fixed at their ends. The lightweight central fixing plate (22) is fixed to the center of the four corner positioning plates (21) through the connecting plate (23). The bottom reinforcing plate (24) is connected to the lower end of the four corner positioning plates (21). The central positioning reference seat (1) is fixed to the middle of the four corner fixing beams (25).

3. The corn staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight furrow opener (10) is movably mounted on the front end of the lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41) via a lightweight first connecting arm (14); the finger-clamping seed drill (11) is fixed in the receiving groove (15) of the lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41); and the lightweight soil cover (12) and the lightweight flattener (13) are mounted on the rear end of the lightweight fixed frame (2) via a lightweight second connecting arm (16); The lightweight flattener (13) comprises a connecting frame (131), a flattening roller (132) and an elastic flattening mechanism. The connecting frame (131) is fixed to the end of the lightweight second connecting arm (16) by bolts. The flattening roller (132) is movably arranged in the connecting frame (131) and is rotatably mounted at both ends via a base assembly (133). The elastic flattening mechanism is composed of a lifting rod (134) and a spring (135). The lifting rod (134) vertically passes through the guide hole of the connecting frame (131), and the spring (135) is sleeved on the lifting rod (134).

4. The corn staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight nested connection truss (7) includes a lightweight telescopic rod group (71) symmetrically distributed in the upper and lower parts, with two ends respectively connected to the lightweight fixed frame (2) and the second central positioning reference seat (6), and is distributed in an isosceles trapezoidal shape; a positioning probe end (72) is provided at the end of the lightweight telescopic rod group (71), and the lightweight telescopic rod group (71) is made of aluminum alloy tube.

5. The corn staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight adjustment positioning seat (41) is movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame (2) via the lightweight third connecting arm (17). The lightweight fixing frame (2) is provided with a displacement detection mark (26) for redundantly checking the position of the sowing unit (3).

6. The corn staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance sensor 1 (5) and the distance sensor 2 (9) use optical or laser distance measurement modules to provide real-time feedback of the distance data between the sowing unit (3) and the support module. The signal transmitting end of the distance sensor 2 (9) transmits the signal directly to the sowing unit (3). The components along the way are provided with a through hole (91), and the inner wall of the through hole (91) is provided with a laser reflective coating.

7. A corn staggered seeder sowing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, line spacing setting and calibration: Setting the half-spacing thresholds of the first distance measuring sensor (5) and the second distance measuring sensor (9) according to the target line distance; The seed drill is started, and the positioning adjustment mechanism (4) is driven by the driving motor (44) to move the seeding unit (3) to the initial position, and the zero point of the distance sensor (5) is calibrated; The height of the lightweight lifting base (62) is adjusted by a threaded drive assembly (622) so that the lightweight furrow opener (10) of the sowing unit (3) contacts the ground and the sowing depth is calibrated; S2, dynamic seeding and real-time adjustment: The distance measuring sensor 1 (5) monitors the distance between the sowing unit (3) and the central positioning reference seat 1 (1) in real time. If the narrow row half spacing deviation is greater than 1mm, the aluminum alloy reciprocating driving rod (43) of the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 (4) is driven to move the sowing unit (3) to correct the row spacing; The second distance measuring sensor (9) emits a laser through the through hole (91) of the support module, and the signal is enhanced by the inner wall reflective coating to monitor the spacing between adjacent sowing modules in real time. If the half-spacing deviation of the wide row is greater than 2mm, the lightweight threaded sleeve (83) of the second positioning adjustment mechanism (8) is driven to adjust the expansion and contraction of the lightweight nested connecting truss (7) to correct the wide row spacing; Through the collaborative feedback and dynamic adjustment of dual ranging sensors, the number of rows can be flexibly expanded for narrow row dense planting and wide row intercropping; S3, redundancy check and troubleshooting: The position of the sowing unit (3) is manually checked by the displacement detection mark (26) of the lightweight fixed frame (2). If the position of the sowing unit (3) deviates from the data of the distance sensor (5) by more than 3 mm, the system self-check is triggered; When the distance sensor 1 (5) or the distance sensor 2 (9) fails, the distance data of the adjacent sowing module is switched to maintain the wide and narrow row alternating sowing logic; S4, multi-crop intercropping mode switching: The lightweight nested connecting trusses (7) are reset to a preset wide row spacing by one button through the second positioning adjustment mechanism (8), so as to meet the intercropping requirements of corn and soybeans; Replace the seed holding component of the finger-clamp type seeder (11) to match the seed sizes of different crops; S5, post-sowing maintenance: After the operation is completed, the lightweight lifting base (62) is lifted up by the threaded drive assembly (622) to separate from the ground contact; Clean the dust on the inner wall of the through hole (91), check the reflectivity of the laser reflective coating, and if it is less than 90%, spray and repair it; The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42) and the lightweight threaded sleeve (83) are lubricated and maintained to eliminate mechanical wear clearance.

Images