Offshore seismic acquisition parameter demonstration method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to an offshore seismic acquisition parameter demonstration method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the superposition of near-field data collected by all near-field detectors in a passive source air gun array range or a common reflection point in a plane element range in a marine air gun control system, and obtaining seismic trace recording data; processing near-field noise in the seismic trace record data, and obtaining a marine geological structure profile by using the seismic trace record data after noise processing, the near-field noise at least comprises one of the following noise: abnormal noise before passive source first arrival take-off, low-frequency noise signals collected under the influence of seawater during excitation and abnormal noise of reflection signals of a gun ship; constructing a marine geologic model according to the marine geologic structure profile and the geological information of the target area; demonstration of offshore seismic acquisition parameters is carried out through the marine geologic model; near-field data are fully known, and the demonstration precision of offshore seismic parameters is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine seismic exploration, and particularly to a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters. Background Art

[0002] In the production of marine seismic acquisition operations, the marine air gun control systems for acquisition operation modes such as streamers, OBC, and OBN. Currently, in offshore construction acquisition operations, in order to improve the acquisition production efficiency and data quality, dual-source or multi-source air gun arrays are mostly used for excitation in an alternating mode. When one sub-array of the air guns is excited, the near-field geophones of other sub-arrays can record the seismic wavefield signals in the near field of the air gun control. That is, the data of the water pressure change is recorded from a position close to the gun control source through the near-field geophones (NFH) of different sub-arrays. After data processing, high-resolution pre-critical reflection data can be estimated using the NFH data, improving the estimation result of the near-surface area offshore. Furthermore, a shallow formation structure profile is generated; then, based on the shallow geological structure profile and the formation velocity information of different formations, a marine formation geological model is constructed, so that the forward modeling results of different geophysical acquisition parameters can be demonstrated and analyzed.

[0003] Currently, the signal-to-noise ratio of the near-field data is not high, resulting in low accuracy in demonstrating marine seismic parameters using near-field data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters to solve the technical problem of low accuracy in demonstrating marine seismic parameters using near-field data in current marine seismic exploration.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters, including: stacking the near-field data collected by all near-field geophones within the range of the passive source air gun array in the marine air gun control system or where the common reflection points are within a bin range to obtain seismic trace record data; processing the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data, and using the seismic trace record data after noise processing to obtain a marine geological structure profile, where the near-field noise includes at least one of the following: abnormal noise before the arrival of the passive source first break, low-frequency noise signals collected due to the influence of seawater during excitation, and abnormal noise of the reflection signal of the gunboat; constructing a marine geological model based on the marine geological structure profile and the geological information of the target area; demonstrating the marine seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model.

[0006] In some embodiments, processing the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data and obtaining a marine geological structure profile using the processed seismic trace record data includes: suppressing the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data; suppressing the bubble noise in the seismic trace record data; suppressing the swell noise in the seismic trace record data; suppressing the free surface multiple in the seismic trace record data; suppressing the seafloor multiple in the seismic trace record data; performing amplitude compensation and deconvolution processing on the seismic trace record data; picking the velocity of the seismic trace record data; stacking the processed seismic trace record data, and determining the marine geological structure profile based on the stacked seismic trace record.

[0007] In some embodiments, suppressing the free surface multiple in the seismic trace record data includes: predicting the time amplitude spectrum of the free surface multiple; subtracting the time amplitude of the free surface multiple from the seismic trace record by adaptive subtraction.

[0008] In some embodiments, suppressing the seafloor multiple in the seismic trace record data includes: predicting the time amplitude of the seafloor multiple; subtracting the time amplitude of the seafloor multiple from the seismic trace record by adaptive subtraction.

[0009] In some embodiments, constructing a marine geological model based on the marine geological structure profile and the geological information of the target area includes: constructing an initial model for the marine geological model and determining the three-dimensional coordinate range of the initial model; determining the sea level, faults, and strata on the basis of the initial model to obtain the marine geological model; determining the medium properties of the marine geological model and setting the attribute values of each block.

[0010] In some embodiments, demonstrating the marine seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model includes: determining different seismic acquisition parameters; performing forward modeling on the different seismic acquisition parameters based on the marine geological model; demonstrating the marine seismic acquisition parameters according to the forward modeling effects of different seismic parameters.

[0011] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters, including: an acquisition module, configured to stack near-field data collected by all near-field geophones within the range of a passive source air gun array in a marine air gun control system or where the common reflection points are within a bin range, to obtain seismic trace record data; a processing module, configured to process near-field noise in the seismic trace record data, and use the seismic trace record data after noise processing to obtain a marine geological structure profile, where the near-field noise includes at least one of the following: abnormal noise before the onset of passive source first arrivals, low-frequency noise signals collected by near-field geophones affected by seawater during excitation, and reflection signals of the gunboat; a construction module, configured to construct a marine geological model based on the marine geological structure profile and geological information of the target area; and an argumentation module, configured to demonstrate marine seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model.

[0012] In some embodiments, the processing module is specifically configured to: suppress near-field noise in the seismic trace record data; suppress bubble noise in the seismic trace record data; suppress swell noise in the seismic trace record data; suppress free surface multiples in the seismic trace record data; suppress seafloor multiples in the seismic trace record data; perform amplitude compensation and deconvolution processing on the seismic trace record data; perform velocity picking on the seismic trace record data; stack the processed seismic trace record data, and determine a marine geological structure profile based on the stacked seismic trace record.

[0013] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus. Among them, the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete mutual communication through the communication bus; the memory is used to store a computer program; when the processor executes the program stored on the memory, it implements the steps of the marine seismic acquisition parameter demonstration method according to any one of the first aspects.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the marine seismic acquisition parameter demonstration method according to any one of the first aspects.

[0015] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0016] By stacking the near-field data collected by all near-field geophones within the range of the passive source air gun array in the marine air gun gun control system or where the common reflection points are within a bin range, the obtained near-field data is superior to the signals received by each individual hydrophone. Moreover, in the data processing noise link, additional processing for filtering its specific near-field noise is added, further improving the basic process of wave field processing adapted to the air gun near field and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of near-field data processing; through the above process, a geological migration profile is obtained, a geological model is established, and based on this geological model, the demonstration and analysis of marine seismic acquisition parameters are carried out; the demonstration accuracy is improved, a new direction is expanded for the application field of air gun gun control near-field data, and the means for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters are enriched. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present invention and, together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an air gun array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a method for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of reflected signal data of near-field geophones excited by an air gun provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a forward modeling single-shot effect of receiving at the seabed and water surface with a 50-meter trace interval based on a marine model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 For Figure 2 It is a detailed flowchart of step S202 in the illustrated embodiment;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of abnormal noise before the first arrival jump of a passive source provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of low-frequency noise signals collected by near-field geophones affected by seawater when excited provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the reflection signal of a gunboat provided for the implementation of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 For Figure 2 Detailed flowchart of step S203 in the illustrated embodiment;

[0028] Figure 10 Comparison diagram of a single near - field geophone and near - field data of common reflection point stacking provided for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 Processing schematic diagram of the low - frequency signal of passive air - gun sub - array data provided for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of a marine geological model provided for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 13 Comparison and analysis diagram of forward modeling results of different geophysical parameters provided for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of a marine seismic acquisition parameter demonstration device provided for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided for the embodiment of the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] As the focus of the petroleum industry begins to shift to the ocean, offshore seismic exploration acquisition technology has developed rapidly in recent decades. In order to pursue higher offshore acquisition production efficiency and higher - quality offshore seismic data acquisition effects, dual - source air - gun arrays and multi - source air - gun arrays are mostly used in offshore seismic source gun control systems. In marine seismic exploration, the main idea of the near - field geophone (NFH) design is to record data on water - pressure changes from positions close to the gun control source for seismic construction acquisition quality control, and its air - gun array structure is as Figure 1 shown.

[0036] At present, for the quality control of air guns in marine seismic acquisition, an important part lies in the monitoring of near-field seismic data, and another part is the quality control of the key performance parameters of the air gun control system. For example, the following items are monitored: 1) Monitoring the synchronization accuracy between air guns; 2) Monitoring the firing depth of air guns; 3) Monitoring the working pressure and capacity of air guns; 4) Monitoring the gun replacement; 5) Alignment monitoring of the consistency of near-field data to ensure that the firing moments of all air guns are synchronized. After waveform alignment, monitor whether there are abnormalities in waveform synchronization, and detect un-fired air guns, air leakage, and self-excitation phenomena in the gun array. The data quality control of the above items ensures that in the process of seismic acquisition, the excitation link meets the technical requirements of the contract standard. This is one of the main application fields of marine seismic acquisition for near-field data.

[0037] With the continuous improvement of the demand for the processing quality of marine seismic data, currently, more and more research on the near-field data of air gun control pays attention to the processing of marine seismic data based on near-field air gun data. Practice has proved that the near-field data of the air gun control system has the characteristics that in a shallow water environment, high-resolution pre-critical reflection data can be estimated to improve the estimation results in the offshore area and improve the data quality of the shallow geological profile. At the same time, these near-offset data can provide valuable information about the shallow seabed geological structure, which is usually not recorded by normal streamer acquisition. In addition, NFH data can provide small travel-time data with some small offsets missing in the streamer data, which is used to remove multiple waves. When NFH data is combined with streamer data, the effects of traditional multiple removal, wavelet processing, and de-bubbling can be improved. Therefore, NFH data has attracted more and more attention from seismologists, and its application fields are constantly expanding.

[0038] However, there are still deficiencies in the current processing flow of the near-field data of air guns in the marine air gun control system. One of the reasons is the lack of a more accurate understanding of the sources of various noises in the near-field wave field data. Secondly, when simulating the synchronous excitation of multiple coherent air gun sources in the near field, the interaction relationship of the excitation waves between complex coherent excitation sources cannot be accurately described, which leads to insufficient understanding of various noises and interferences in the near-field wave field. Therefore, it is necessary to further enhance the understanding of near-field data to improve the processing quality of air gun near-field data and expand the application fields of this data.

[0039] Among them, in the process of demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters, it is necessary to provide a complete set of operation processing flows from the near-field raw data of air guns to the processed migrated seismic profile and then to the establishment of a marine geological model, and through this geological model, the seismic acquisition parameters are demonstrated. Therefore, how to establish an effective data analysis and processing flow has become an urgent problem to be solved in the present invention.

[0040] In view of the above technical problems, the technical concept of the present invention lies in: correctly identifying the sources of various characteristic waveform noises in the near-field wave field, so as to effectively filter or weaken them in the data processing flow, and retaining the effective signals in the near field as much as possible, so as to meet the requirement of further improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the migration imaging result based on the near-field data of air guns. And a geological model is established based on its migration profile, and the marine seismic acquisition parameters are demonstrated and compared based on the constructed geological model.

[0041] Figure 2 The flowchart of a method for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention is as Figure 2 shown. The method for demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters includes:

[0042] Step S201: Stack the near-field data collected by all near-field detectors within the range of the passive source air gun array in the marine air gun control system or whose common reflection points are within a bin range to obtain seismic trace record data.

[0043] Specifically, analyze the near-field recorded seismic signals excited once by the air gun control system, that is, the active source excitation, and the data quality of the seismic records received by various near-field detectors in the passive source near field. Compare the differences after stacking the seismic data between individual detectors and all near-field detectors. Finally, determine that the data quality after stacking the near-field data of all near-field detectors within the range of the passive source air gun array or whose common reflection points are within a bin range is one trace, which is used as one seismic record for seismic data analysis, as Figure 3 a schematic diagram of the data combination of the reflected signals of the air gun-excited near-field detectors provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Step S202: Process the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data, and obtain a marine geological structure profile by using the seismic trace record data after noise processing. The near-field noise includes at least one of the following: abnormal noise before the first arrival jump of the passive source, low-frequency noise signals collected by near-field detectors affected by seawater during excitation, and reflection signals of the gunboat.

[0045] Specifically, perform various types of noise analysis on the near-field wave field of the air gun. It is necessary to filter out the unique wave field noise signals in the near field, including abnormal jump points before the first arrival, strong low-frequency signals collected by near-field detectors affected by seawater during excitation, and reflection signals of the gunboat recorded in the near-field data, etc. After removing the noise, perform a conventional processing flow on it to obtain a marine geological structure profile.

[0046] Step S203: Construct a marine geological model according to the marine geological structure profile and the geological information of the target area.

[0047] Specifically, based on the stacked time migration profile or depth profile obtained in step S202 and the existing geological information in the work area, the establishment of the marine seismic model is completed.

[0048] Step S204: Demonstrate the offshore seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model.

[0049] Specifically, relying on the established marine seismic model, forward modeling simulation of offshore seismic acquisition parameters is carried out for the demonstration and analysis of offshore seismic acquisition parameters.

[0050] In some embodiments, step S204 includes: determining different seismic acquisition parameters; performing forward modeling simulation on the different seismic acquisition parameters based on the marine geological model; demonstrating the offshore seismic acquisition parameters according to the forward modeling simulation effects of different seismic parameters.

[0051] Specifically, by setting different seismic acquisition parameters and relying on the established geological model, forward modeling simulation of the parameters can be carried out, so as to give a comparison of different forward modeling effects and provide the result of data comparison analysis for the demonstration and analysis of offshore seismic acquisition parameters. Figure 4 The forward modeling single-shot effect of the 50-meter trace interval between the seabed and the water surface based on the offshore model provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] The method for demonstrating offshore seismic acquisition parameters provided by the embodiment of the present invention stacks the near-field data collected by all near-field geophones within the range of the passive source air gun array in the marine air gun gun control system or within a bin range where the common reflection points are located, so that the obtained near-field data is better than the signals received by each individual hydrophone. And in the data processing noise link, additional filtering processing for its specific noise is added to further improve the basic process of wave field processing adapted to the air gun near field and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of near-field data processing; through the above process, a geological migration profile is obtained, a geological model is established, and based on this geological model, the demonstration and analysis of offshore seismic acquisition parameters are carried out; the demonstration accuracy is improved, a new direction is expanded for the application field of air gun gun control near-field data, and the means for demonstrating offshore seismic acquisition parameters are enriched.

[0053] Figure 5 For Figure 2 The detailed flowchart of step S202 in the illustrated embodiment is as Figure 5 shown. On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, step S202 includes the following steps:

[0054] Step S2021: Suppress the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data.

[0055] Specifically, Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of abnormal noise before the arrival of the first break in a passive source provided by an embodiment of the present invention. For the abnormal jump point before the first arrival, a window excision method is applied, that is, a certain fixed time window above the first arrival is defined, and the signals within this time domain are excised, so that the noise signals in this part can be removed; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of low-frequency noise signals collected by a near-field geophone affected by seawater when excited, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. For this low-frequency noise signal, its spectral characteristics can be analyzed through spectrum analysis, and a low-pass filtering method can be used to remove this part of the noise; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the reflection signal of a gunboat provided by the present invention. Regarding the gunboat reflection signal and energy, since the ocean floor is a wave impedance reflection interface with a clear boundary relative to the entire data wave field, for the processing of data, the energy information of this part needs to be retained in the profile data, and conventional noise processing can be performed.

[0056] Step S2022: Suppress the bubble noise in the seismic trace record data.

[0057] Specifically, the most obvious manifestation on the marine seismic record is that within a certain time after the first arrival wave, vibrations with the same apparent velocity and direction as the first arrival wave appear again, resulting in a very serious wavelet continuation phase. In the middle and deep layers of marine seismic data, as the earth absorption filtering effect increases, the subsequent bubble effect is amplified, and the wavelet shape becomes longer and thicker. On the seismic profile, it usually shows that the seismic event axis becomes thicker, the data resolution decreases, and a double basement situation appears, and it is suppressed.

[0058] Step S2023: Suppress the swell noise in the seismic trace record data.

[0059] Specifically, swell noise is a type of noise caused by factors such as wind and waves. It has low frequency (generally below 20 Hz), large amplitude values, and appears randomly in the entire shot gather or CMP gather space, and it needs to be suppressed.

[0060] Step S2024: Suppress the free sea surface multiple waves in the seismic trace record data.

[0061] In some embodiments, the step S2024 includes: predicting the time amplitude spectrum of the free sea surface multiple waves; subtracting the time amplitude of the free sea surface multiple waves from the seismic trace record through adaptive subtraction

[0062] Specifically, the sea surface has a strong reflection coefficient, and a large number of free surface multiple waves will be generated during the propagation of energy. During the suppression process, first, the multiple waves of the spatially regularly sampled seismic data are predicted, and then the predicted multiple waves are subtracted from the original seismic trace record data through subsequent adaptive subtraction.

[0063] Step S2025: Suppress the seafloor multiples in the seismic trace record data.

[0064] In some embodiments, step S2025 includes: predicting the time amplitude of the seafloor multiples; subtracting the time amplitude of the seafloor multiples from the seismic trace record by adaptive subtraction.

[0065] Specifically, after the seismic wave reaches the seafloor from the excitation, multiple waves are generated by reflection and refraction between the seafloor and the formation. During the suppression process, first perform wavefield continuation on the undulating seafloor wavefield to obtain the model gather of the seafloor multiples, and then the seafloor multiples can be suppressed by adaptive matching subtraction.

[0066] Step S2026: Perform amplitude compensation and deconvolution processing on the seismic trace record data.

[0067] Step S2027: Pick the velocity of the seismic trace record data.

[0068] Specifically, perform optimal estimation of multi-channel signals on the common reflection point gather to obtain the optimal time difference correction value between the zero offset and other offsets.

[0069] Step S2028: Stack the processed seismic trace record data, and determine the marine geological structure profile based on the stacked seismic trace record.

[0070] Specifically, stack the trace records of the common midpoint (CMP) after normal moveout into one trace to achieve the purpose of improving the signal-to-noise ratio and suppressing interference waves.

[0071] It should be noted that before step S2021, it also includes: defining the acquisition system, that is, using the shot points, geophone points, and relationship files to implement the acquisition system definition, updating the seismic data trace headers, and outputting the information of the shot points, geophone points, and CMP (common midpoint) points to the database.

[0072] On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in the data processing and denoising link, add the filtering process for its specific near-field noise, including abnormal jump points before the first arrival, strong low-frequency signals collected by near-field geophones affected by seawater during excitation, and reflection signals of the recording gunboat in the near-field data, etc.; in addition, in the noise processing link, it also includes the processing of conventional marine multiples, environmental noise such as surges, and unclear bubble noise signals; after the above noise removal is completed, establish the basic process of wavefield processing adapted to the near-field of the air gun; thereby further improving the basic process of wavefield processing adapted to the near-field of the air gun and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of near-field data processing.

[0073] Figure 9 For Figure 2The detailed flowchart of step S203 in the illustrated embodiment is as follows Figure 9 As shown, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, step S203 includes the following steps:

[0074] Step S2031: Construct an initial model for the marine geological model and determine the three-dimensional coordinate range of the initial model.

[0075] Specifically, the initial model range is located by three-dimensional coordinates. The east coordinate and the north coordinate determine the position of the model on the ground, and the Z coordinate defines the range of the model in the depth direction, that is, the value is positive below the sea level and negative above the sea level.

[0076] When displaying, two-dimensional coordinates are used. Horizontally from left to right and vertically from top to bottom (that is, the two-dimensional border constructed by the length in the X direction and the length in the Z direction). The subsequent horizons and faults established are all accommodated in the framework model.

[0077] Step S2032: On the basis of the initial model, determine the sea level, faults, and strata to obtain the marine geological model.

[0078] Specifically, the sea level of the established initial model is a horizontal section, and the undulating control points can be edited by adding control points on the horizontal section. Geological modeling follows the principle of establishing faults first and then horizons. A fault consists of one section. A horizon consists of one or more sections. Free sections can be added to a specified horizon, or selected sections can be removed from the horizon.

[0079] Step S2033: Determine the medium properties of the marine geological model and set the property values of each block.

[0080] Specifically, the geological model consists of a set of closed blocks, and each closed block has its own medium properties. The closed block can define constant properties or properties with gradient changes. By default, the shear wave velocity, density, longitudinal wave quality factor, and shear wave quality factor can be calculated through the defined longitudinal wave velocity, or the shear wave velocity, density, longitudinal wave quality factor, and shear wave quality factor parameters can be directly defined.

[0081] It should be noted that after the marine geological model is constructed, the model needs to be checked for legality. The legality check includes two aspects: one is the legality of the model structure. For a legal model, the left and right boundaries are vertical, the bottom boundary is horizontal, and there is no intersection between sections; the other is to check the legality of the closed block properties, which requires that the properties of all blocks are within a reasonable range. If the model is illegal, subsequent forward modeling and parameter demonstration cannot be carried out.

[0082] On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, after obtaining the stacked time-offset section or depth section, an initial model is newly established according to the existing geological information and drilling information in the work area, and then the sea level is established, and the information of the horizons is improved, including the interval velocity of each layer, fault information, etc. Then, the block attributes and constant attributes are defined, and finally the establishment of the marine geological model is completed to facilitate subsequent forward modeling and parameter demonstration.

[0083] To further understand the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, including the following steps:

[0084] The first step: Stack the near-field data of all near-field geophones within the range of a passive source air gun array that fires one shot by the air gun gun control system or where the common reflection points are within the range of one bin as a seismic record for seismic data processing and analysis; as Figure 10 shown, through data comparison, stacking the seismic signals received by all near-field geophones within one bin into one piece of data is better than the signals received by each individual hydrophone.

[0085] The second step: For the unique wavefield noise signals in the near field, in the data processing noise link, add the filtering process for its unique noise, so as to further improve the basic process of wavefield processing adapted to the air gun near field and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of near-field data processing; as Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the processing of low-frequency signals of passive air gun subarray data provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] The third step: Based on the stacked time-offset section or depth section obtained from near-field data processing, an initial model is newly established according to the existing geological information and drilling information in the work area, and the key information and attributes of the model are defined to complete the establishment of the basic geological model, as Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a marine geological model provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] The fourth step: Relying on the established geological model, perform seismic forward modeling of parameters, so as to give different comparisons of forward modeling effects and provide the results of data comparison and analysis for the demonstration and analysis of seismic acquisition parameters at sea. As Figure 13 Comparison and analysis of forward modeling results of different geophysical parameters.

[0088] Figure 14 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for demonstrating seismic acquisition parameters at sea provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 14 shown, the device includes:

[0089] An acquisition module 1401 is configured to stack the near-field data collected by all near-field detectors within the range of the passive source air gun array in the marine air gun control system or where the common reflection points are within a bin range, so as to obtain seismic trace record data; a processing module 1402 processes the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data, and obtains a marine geological structure profile by using the seismic trace record data after noise processing, where the near-field noise includes at least one of the following: abnormal noise before the first arrival of the passive source, low-frequency noise signals collected due to the influence of seawater during excitation, and abnormal noise of the reflection signal of the gunboat; a construction module 1403 is configured to construct a marine geological model according to the marine geological structure profile and the geological information of the target area; an argumentation module 1404 performs argumentation on the marine seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model.

[0090] In some embodiments, the processing module 1402 is specifically configured to: suppress the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data; suppress the bubble noise in the seismic trace record data; suppress the swell noise in the seismic trace record data; suppress the free surface multiple in the seismic trace record data; suppress the sea bottom multiple in the seismic trace record data; perform amplitude compensation and deconvolution processing on the seismic trace record data; perform velocity picking on the seismic trace record data; stack the processed seismic trace record data, and determine the marine geological structure profile based on the stacked seismic traces.

[0091] In some embodiments, the processing module 1402 is specifically configured to: predict the time amplitude spectrum of the free surface multiple; subtract the time amplitude of the free surface multiple from the seismic trace record by adaptive subtraction.

[0092] In some embodiments, the processing module 1402 is specifically configured to: predict the time amplitude of the sea bottom multiple; subtract the time amplitude of the sea bottom multiple from the seismic trace record by adaptive subtraction.

[0093] In some embodiments, the construction module 1403 is specifically configured to: construct an initial model for the marine geological model, and determine the three-dimensional coordinate range of the initial model; on the basis of the initial model, determine the sea level, faults and strata to obtain the marine geological model; determine the medium properties of the marine geological model, and set the attribute values of each block.

[0094] In some embodiments, the argumentation module 1404 is specifically configured to: determine different seismic acquisition parameters; perform forward modeling on the different seismic acquisition parameters based on the marine geological model; perform argumentation on the marine seismic acquisition parameters according to the forward modeling effects of different seismic parameters.

[0095] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working process and corresponding beneficial effects of the above-described marine seismic acquisition parameter demonstration device can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method examples, and will not be elaborated here.

[0096] Figure 15 The following is a schematic hardware structure diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 15 shown, the electronic device includes: a processor 1501, a communication interface 1502, a memory 1503, and a communication bus 1504. Among them, the processor 1501, the communication interface 1502, and the memory 1503 communicate with each other through the communication bus 1504.

[0097] The memory 1503 is used to store computer programs.

[0098] In an embodiment of the present application, when the processor 1501 executes the program stored on the memory 1503, it implements the steps of the marine seismic acquisition parameter demonstration method provided by any one of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0099] The electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application has the same implementation principle and technical effects as the above embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0100] The above memory 1503 can be an electronic memory such as a flash memory, an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), an EPROM, a hard disk, or a ROM. The memory 1503 has a storage space for program codes for executing any method steps in the above methods. For example, the storage space for program codes can include respective program codes for implementing each step in the above methods. These program codes can be read from or written into one or more computer program products. These computer program products include program code carriers such as hard disks, optical discs (CDs), memory cards, or floppy disks. Such computer program products are usually portable or fixed storage units. The storage unit may have a storage segment or storage space arranged similarly to the memory 1503 in the above electronic device. The program codes can be compressed in an appropriate form, for example. Usually, the storage unit includes a program for executing the method steps according to the embodiments of the present application, that is, codes that can be read by a processor such as 1501, and when these codes are run by the electronic device, the electronic device executes each step in the method described above.

[0101] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. A computer program is stored on the above computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the marine seismic acquisition parameter demonstration method as described above.

[0102] The computer-readable storage medium may be included in the device / apparatus described in the foregoing embodiments; or it may exist independently without being assembled into the device / apparatus. The foregoing computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, and when the one or more programs are executed, the method according to the embodiments of the present application is implemented.

[0103] According to an embodiment of the present application, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and for example, may include but is not limited to: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAMs), read-only memories (ROMs), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs or flash memories), portable compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present application, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and the program may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus.

[0104] It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0105] The foregoing are only specific embodiments of the present application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. An argumentation method for marine seismic acquisition parameters, characterized in that, Including: Superposing the near-field data collected by all near-field geophones within the range of the passive-source air gun array in the marine air gun control system or where the common reflection points are within the range of a bin to obtain seismic trace record data; Processing the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data, and obtaining a marine geological structure profile by using the seismic trace record data after noise processing, where the near-field noise includes at least one of the following: abnormal noise before the first arrival jump of the passive source, low-frequency noise signals collected by the near-field geophones affected by seawater during excitation, and reflection signals of the gunboat; Constructing a marine geological model based on the marine geological structure profile and geological information of the target area; Demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The processing the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data and obtaining a marine geological structure profile by using the seismic trace record data after noise processing includes: Suppressing the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data; Suppressing the bubble noise in the seismic trace record data; Suppressing the swell noise in the seismic trace record data; Suppressing the free surface multiple waves in the seismic trace record data; Suppressing the seafloor multiple waves in the seismic trace record data; Performing amplitude compensation and deconvolution processing on the seismic trace record data; Picking the velocity of the seismic trace record data; Superposing the processed seismic trace record data, and determining the marine geological structure profile based on the superposed seismic traces.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The suppressing the free surface multiple waves in the seismic trace record data includes: Predicting the time amplitude of the free surface multiple waves; Subtracting the time amplitude of the free surface multiple waves from the seismic trace record through adaptive subtraction.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein The suppressing the seafloor multiple waves in the seismic trace record data includes: Predicting the time amplitude of the seafloor multiple waves; Subtracting the time amplitude of the seafloor multiple waves from the seismic trace record through adaptive subtraction.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The constructing a marine geological model based on the marine geological structure profile and geological information of the target area includes: Constructing an initial model for the marine geological model and determining the three-dimensional coordinate range of the initial model; Based on the initial model, determining the sea level, faults, and strata to obtain a marine geological model; Determining the medium properties of the marine geological model and setting the property values for each block.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model includes: Determining different seismic acquisition parameters; Performing forward modeling on the different seismic acquisition parameters based on the marine geological model; Demonstrating marine seismic acquisition parameters according to the forward modeling effects of different seismic parameters.

7. An offshore seismic acquisition parameter demonstration device, characterized in that Including: An acquisition module for superposing the near-field data collected by all near-field geophones within the range of the passive-source air gun array in the marine air gun control system or where the common reflection points are within the range of a bin to obtain seismic trace record data; A processing module, configured to process the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data, and obtain a marine geological structure profile by using the seismic trace record data after noise processing, where the near-field noise includes at least one of the following: abnormal noise before the onset of passive source first arrivals, low-frequency noise signals collected by near-field geophones affected by seawater during excitation, and reflection signals of the gunboat; A construction module, configured to construct a marine geological model according to the marine geological structure profile and the geological information of the target area; An argumentation module, configured to perform argumentation on marine seismic acquisition parameters through the marine geological model.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The processing module is specifically configured to: Suppress the near-field noise in the seismic trace record data; Suppress the bubble noise in the seismic trace record data; Suppress the swell noise in the seismic trace record data; Suppress the free surface multiple waves in the seismic trace record data; Suppress the seafloor multiple waves in the seismic trace record data; Perform amplitude compensation and deconvolution processing on the seismic trace record data; Pick up the velocity of the seismic trace record data; Stack the processed seismic trace record data, and determine the marine geological structure profile based on the stacked seismic trace record.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus. Among them, the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete mutual communication through the communication bus; The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is configured to implement the steps of the marine seismic acquisition parameter argumentation method according to any one of claims 1-6 when executing the programs stored on the memory.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the marine seismic acquisition parameter argumentation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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