Perovskite solar cell packaging structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a perovskite solar cell packaging structure. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure comprises a perovskite solar cell, wherein a cell effective area and a pair of cell electrodes are formed on a conductive substrate; the protective shell covers the outer sides of the conductive substrate and the perovskite solar cell; the protection material is distributed between the perovskite solar cell and the protection shell; the conductive substrate comprises a transparent substrate insulating layer and a transparent substrate conductive layer; the transparent base conductive layer is located between the transparent base insulating layer and the cell effective region and has two end parts which are respectively bent in a manner of being exposed out of the conductive base; the two end parts are electrically connected with a pair of cell electrodes corresponding to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell respectively, and are cut into discontinuous shapes by a transparent base insulating layer in a manner of separating the pair of cell electrodes. Therefore, light-weight perovskite solar cell packaging with higher-grade gas and liquid barrier can be realized, the stability of the perovskite solar cell can be further improved, and the service life of the perovskite solar cell can be further prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell. Background Art

[0002] At present, the industrialization technology of crystalline silicon solar cells has been very mature. However, compared with traditional energy sources, the relatively high power generation cost restricts the large-scale popularization of crystalline silicon solar cells. In recent years, perovskite solar cells (Perovskite Solar Cells; hereinafter also referred to as PSC) have developed rapidly. It is a solar cell that uses a perovskite-type organometallic halide semiconductor as a light-absorbing material. Because of its excellent performance, low cost, and huge commercial value, it has shone brightly ever since. In addition, it also has other very prominent advantages: 1. The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material is simple to fabricate; 2. It has a relatively suitable bandgap width (1.5 - 2.3 eV) and a large light absorption range; 3. The charge diffusion length is as high as the micron level and the charge lifetime is relatively long, etc.; 4. Flexible and transparent cells can be fabricated. Therefore, perovskite solar cells and related materials have become a research hotspot in the photovoltaic field. Currently, a photoelectric conversion efficiency of more than 26% has been obtained, and the application prospect is very broad.

[0003] In recent years, the research and development work on metal halide perovskite solar cells has been extensive. Encapsulation is one of the best methods to solve the stability problem and extend the service life of the device. Specifically, in order to avoid moisture damage during the long-term use of perovskite solar cells, water impermeability is an important parameter for encapsulation selection. In addition, the encapsulation material should effectively resist oxygen penetration and prevent the formation of oxidation aging products. Moreover, the selection of encapsulation materials and processes should be more stringent during the encapsulation process to avoid the degradation of perovskite during device encapsulation. In the traditional packaging structure of perovskite solar cells, a traditional double-glass or single-glass plus backplane and edge-sealed sandwich structure and a structure in which the self-substrate is attached to the packaging cover plate are mainly used.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a photovoltaic module of a perovskite solar cell, which is convenient for installation and can improve the stability of a single perovskite solar cell. Also, Patent Document 2 discloses a perovskite solar cell module and its encapsulation method. The single battery module in the perovskite solar cell module can be easily replaced, thus solving the problem that if a single perovskite battery module is damaged during use, it will affect the power generation performance of the overall module. However, the packaging structures of both require the electrodes to protrude from the packaging material, which causes water, gas, etc. to easily invade the interior of the packaging structure, thereby greatly affecting the performance and life of the PSC.

[0005] For another example, Patent Document 3 discloses a packaged perovskite solar cell and a packaging method. The total electrode is separately disposed outside the encapsulant, and by utilizing the characteristics of the transparent conductive substrate to conduct electricity and transport electrons, while avoiding the problem of water and oxygen entering the packaging space through the gap due to the contact between the encapsulant and the electrode lead-out portion, it also does not affect the electron transport. However, although it solves the problem of the electrode passing through from the inside, the electrode disposed outside is vulnerable to damage due to lack of protection, and at the same time, the collection ability is affected due to the relatively long distance between the total electrode and the effective area of the battery.

[0006] Specifically,

[0007] Prior art documents: Patent documents: Patent Document 1: Chinese Patent Publication CN108922973B; Patent Document 2: Chinese Patent Publication CN111261785A; Patent Document 3: Chinese Patent Publication CN111261784A. Summary of the invention

[0008] Problems to be solved by the invention: In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight perovskite solar cell packaging structure with a higher level of gas and liquid barrier, which can further improve the stability and lifespan of the perovskite solar cell.

[0009] Technical means for solving the problems: The present invention provides a perovskite solar cell packaging structure, comprising: a perovskite solar cell formed on a conductive substrate with a battery effective area and a pair of battery electrodes; a protective housing covering the outside of the conductive substrate and the perovskite solar cell; and a protective material distributed between the perovskite solar cell and the protective housing; the conductive substrate includes a transparent substrate insulating layer and a transparent substrate conductive layer; the transparent substrate conductive layer is located between the transparent substrate insulating layer and the battery effective area, and has two end portions respectively bent in a form exposed to the outside of the conductive substrate; the two end portions are respectively electrically connected to the pair of battery electrodes corresponding to the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell, and are cut into a discontinuous shape by the transparent substrate insulating layer in a form separating the pair of battery electrodes.

[0010] According to the present invention, the transparent substrate conductive layer of the special battery conductive substrate has two end portions that are bent and exposed outward from the conductive substrate. Therefore, as a whole structure, it exists not only on one side of the battery (inside the package), but also on the side and outside the battery (outside the package). Furthermore, it not only serves as a part of the battery, but also takes into account the electrode lead-out part. Thus, through the design of the conductive layer on the conductive substrate, there is no need for other conductors to connect the electrodes and lead them out to the outside of the package structure. While avoiding the problem of water and oxygen entering the package space through the gap due to the contact between the packaging material and the electrode lead-out part, it does not affect the electron transmission, and also avoids the hidden dangers of the resistance generated by the contact between the electrode lead-out part and the conductive layer and the firmness of the connection between the two.

[0011] Alternatively, in the present invention, the perovskite solar cell is a single-substrate cell or a battery string composed of multiple perovskite solar cell modules; the protective material is filled between the perovskite solar cell and the protective shell and between multiple perovskite solar cell modules.

[0012] Alternatively, in the present invention, when the perovskite solar cell is a battery string, the electrodes of one perovskite solar cell module are connected to the electrodes with opposite polarities in an adjacent another perovskite solar cell module to form a series connection, or the electrodes with the same polarity in two adjacent perovskite solar cell modules are connected to each other to form a parallel connection.

[0013] Alternatively, in the present invention, adjacent perovskite solar cell modules are connected by a conductive material; the conductive material includes a tinned copper strip, a tinned copper tape or a conductive tape.

[0014] Alternatively, in the present invention, the protective shell is formed in a groove shape with a curved edge, and the conductive substrate and the perovskite solar cell are embedded in a surrounding manner. Thus, by using the groove-shaped protective shell, the water and gas that originally invaded from the side (package width) direction are changed to invade from the thickness (package height) direction, extending the invasion distance of water and gas. Even under the premise of using the same protective material, it can still maintain higher stability than the traditional packaging structure.

[0015] Alternatively, in the present invention, the protective shell is made of one or several of inorganic non-metallic materials, metallic materials, and polymer backplates. Thus, compared with the tempered glass backplate or polymer backplate used as the protective layer in the traditional packaging structure, by using lightweight carbon fiber materials and alloy materials, the weight can be reduced while ensuring the mechanical strength.

[0016] Alternatively, in the present invention, the inorganic non-metallic material is ultra-white glass or tempered glass, or one or more of carbon fiber, clay board, and building facade materials; the metallic material is one or more of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy.

[0017] Alternatively, in the present invention, when there are two or more protective materials, one of them is distributed between the bottom surface of the perovskite solar cell and the protective casing, and the other is distributed between the side surface of the perovskite solar cell and the protective casing.

[0018] Alternatively, in the present invention, the protective material is one or a combination of polyethylene octene copolymer elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyisobutylene, silicone resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and low-temperature glass powder.

[0019] Alternatively, in the present invention, one or more of lamination, thermoplastic molding, thermosetting, UV curing, or potting is selected as the encapsulation process. Thus, in view of the encapsulation structure of the present invention, more material options and a wider range of selectable encapsulation processes are provided, and different encapsulation processes and materials can be selected according to the performance of different perovskite light-absorbing layers. For a perovskite light-absorbing layer with high heat resistance, traditional hot pressing and thermoplastic molding processes can be used, and a protective material with a higher encapsulation process temperature and better sealing performance can be used. For a perovskite light-absorbing layer with poor heat resistance, UV curing or potting can be used. For a perovskite light-absorbing layer with poor water resistance, polyisobutylene or glass powder can be used as the protective material or one of a variety of protective materials.

[0020] Advantages of the Invention: The present invention can provide an encapsulation structure for a perovskite solar cell, which, compared with the traditional encapsulation structure, reduces the overall weight while ensuring mechanical strength; broadens the selection of protective materials and their encapsulation processes; and has a higher level of gas and liquid barrier performance. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a top view of an encapsulation structure of a perovskite solar cell based on an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 In Figure 2 a is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of an encapsulation structure of a perovskite solar cell based on an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 b is Figure 2 a partial enlarged view of part B in a; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A using two different protective materials; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A after multi-junction cells are encapsulated in series; Figure 5It is a cross-sectional view at A-A after curing with ultraviolet light (UV); Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the battery and the protective casing of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 In Figure 7 a is a top view of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure in Comparative Example 1, Figure 7 b is Figure 7 a cross-sectional view at A-A of Figure 8 It is a graph of the performance degradation of the perovskite solar cells encapsulated in Example 1, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention after double 85 aging; Symbol description: 1. Conductive substrate; 1a. Transparent substrate insulating layer; 1b. Transparent substrate conductive layer; 2. Battery effective area; 3. Battery electrode; 4. Protective material; 4a. First protective material; 4b. Second protective material; 5. Protective casing; 5a. Upper protective casing 5b. Lower protective casing 5c. Lead wire reserved hole 6. Conductive material; 7. Light-blocking material; 8. Lead wire. Specific embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the following embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the present invention. In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same components, and repeated descriptions are omitted. Also, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. In addition, for the purpose of convenient comparison or reference, multiple structures are simultaneously marked on the right side in the drawings. This does not mean that the marked structures should exist in the current drawings, but should be understood that the structures may exist in the associated drawings.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms should be understood in a broad sense, not indicating or implying. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] The present invention provides a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell, comprising: a perovskite solar cell formed on a conductive substrate 1 with a battery active region 2 and a pair of battery electrodes 3; a protective housing 5 covering the outside of the conductive substrate 1 and the perovskite solar cell; and a protective material 4 distributed between the perovskite solar cell and the protective housing 5. That is, the perovskite solar cell and the protective housing 5 are bonded together by the protective material 4.

[0025] Moreover, in this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the perovskite solar cell at least includes a conductive substrate 1, a battery active region 2, and a battery electrode 3. Among them, the conductive substrate 1 includes a transparent substrate insulating layer 1a and a transparent substrate conductive layer 1b. The battery active region 2 refers to the main photoelectric reaction region of the perovskite solar cell. A pair of battery electrodes 3 respectively correspond to the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell. Specifically, the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b is located between the transparent substrate insulating layer 1a and the battery active region 2, and has two end portions that are respectively bent in a form exposed to the outside of the conductive substrate 1. These two end portions are respectively electrically connected to a pair of battery electrodes 3 corresponding to the positive and negative electrodes. At the same time, these two end portions are also cut into a discontinuous shape by the transparent substrate insulating layer 1a in a form that separates the pair of battery electrodes 3. In other words, no current flows between one end portion electrically connected to one electrode of the pair of battery electrodes 3 and the other end portion electrically connected to the other electrode of the pair of battery electrodes 3.

[0026] Specifically, as Figures 2 - 5 shown, the two end portions of the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b are respectively bent and exposed to the outside of the conductive substrate 1. The battery electrodes 3 are made on the discontinuous transparent substrate conductive layer 1b to respectively correspond to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. More specifically, Figure 2 in Figure 2 a is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of the packaging structure of the perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 b is Figure 2 a partial enlarged view of part B in Figure 2As shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the effective area 2 of the battery includes: an electron layer in contact with the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b on the left; a photo-electric conversion layer in contact with the electron layer; a hole layer in contact with the photo-electric conversion layer; and a top electrode (layer) in contact with the hole layer. Among them, the top electrode extends to the right across the transparent substrate insulating layer 1a and covers the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b on the right. Thus, the left and right sides of the transparent substrate insulating layer 1a respectively become the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. Also, a pair of battery electrodes 3 can be directly led out to the outside of the battery (outside the package) through the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b on the conductive substrate 1. Moreover, the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b on the conductive substrate 1 is divided into discontinuous parts by the transparent substrate insulating layer 1a, so that short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes can be prevented. In other words, while the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b functions as a basic material for forming the perovskite solar cell, it also functions as a current lead-out component by forming a specific structure. Additionally, Figure 2 FIG. 2b shows the actual and accurate relative position of the effective area 2 of the battery and the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b. In the remaining figures, simplified schematic diagrams are adopted for simplicity of the drawing.

[0027] Furthermore, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are led out from the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b to the outside of the battery (outside the package) to form the positive and negative electrodes of the packaged battery. Compared with traditional components, there is no need to lead the electrodes out from the packaging material. Therefore, while avoiding the problem of water and oxygen entering the packaging space through the gap due to the contact between the packaging material and the electrode lead-out part, it does not affect the electron transfer, and also avoids the hidden dangers of the resistance generated by the contact between the electrode lead-out part and the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b and the firmness of the connection between the two. By means of this, the conductive layer (i.e., the transparent substrate conductive layer 1b), which was originally only used as a basic material for the battery, can play an additional role due to the formation of a specific structure, and the electrode lead-out part that originally had to exist can also be reduced, thus avoiding the conventional design in which external water vapor is easily invaded. This constitutes a great optimization and simplification of the battery structure.

[0028] Also, in this embodiment, the protective material 4 is distributed between the conductive substrate 1, the perovskite solar cell, and the protective shell 5, and can be one or a combination of polyethylene octene elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyisobutylene, silicone resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, low-temperature glass powder. In addition, as Figure 3As shown in the figure, two protective materials can also be used for co-filling. The first protective material 4a is distributed between the bottom surface of the protective shell 5 and the perovskite solar cell, and the second protective material 4b is distributed between the side surface of the protective shell 5 and the perovskite solar cell. When formed into the above structure, the intrusion paths of water, oxygen, etc. first pass through the second protective material 4b and then reach the first protective material 4a. Therefore, the selection of the second protective material 4b should be more stringent than that of the first protective material 4a in order to obtain a better protection effect. Although theoretically, the best protective performance materials can be used entirely, that is, the same protective material is used without distinction, but considering from the actual applications such as economic cost, the better the barrier property of the material, the higher the price. Therefore, using protective materials separately has an advantage that cannot be ignored. Moreover, at present, the optoelectronic conversion materials in perovskite solar cells are damaged by water and oxygen to different degrees, and the application scenarios and service life vary. Designing to use protective materials separately or not can expand the application scenarios and develop specifically according to different needs. For example, for materials that are greatly affected by water and have good heat resistance, the encapsulation structure of the second protective material 4b combined with the first protective material 4a can be used in the high-humidity equatorial regions; for materials that are less affected by water and have poor thermal stability, the encapsulation structure of using the protective material 4 without distinction can be used in temperate cities or for indoor power generation.

[0029] Also, in this embodiment, the perovskite solar cell can be a single-substrate cell or a battery string composed of multiple perovskite solar cell modules (for example, cell wafers). The protective material 4 is filled between the perovskite solar cell and the protective shell 5 and between multiple perovskite solar cell modules, and adjacent perovskite solar cell modules are connected by a conductive material 6. Specifically, the conductive material 6 includes a tinned copper strip, a tinned copper tape or a conductive tape. Thus, it can take into account simple production and low cost while ensuring excellent conductivity. Also, as Figure 4 shown, when the perovskite solar cell is a battery string composed of battery modules, the electrode of one perovskite solar cell module is connected to the electrode with the opposite polarity in another adjacent perovskite solar cell module through the conductive material 6, so as to form a series connection, or the electrodes with the same polarity in two adjacent perovskite solar cell modules are connected to each other through the conductive material 6, so as to form a parallel connection. Since there is no extra protruding electrode lead-out component, the series-parallel connection between the cells can also be realized within the encapsulation structure through a simple structure, further ensuring the performance of the perovskite solar cell.

[0030] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the protective housing 5 is formed in a groove shape with a curved edge, and the conductive substrate 1 and the perovskite solar cell are embedded in a surrounding manner. That is, the protective housing 5 encapsulates the single-junction perovskite solar cell or the multi-junction perovskite solar cell in a fully enclosed manner. Since there is no need to additionally reserve an opening for the electrode lead-out member to penetrate, etc., the edge of the protective housing 5 can be bent to wrap the entire perovskite solar cell. That is, the protective housing 5 can be understood as being buckled on the conductive substrate 1 and the perovskite solar cell like a lid, so it can provide more stringent protection for the perovskite solar cell. Specifically, in the conventional sandwich structure, the side is sealed with an adhesive or the like, resulting in that water, gas, etc. that affect the battery performance are easily invaded from the side (encapsulation width) direction. By using the protective housing 5 with a groove shape, the water, gas, etc. that originally invaded from the side direction now invade from the thickness (encapsulation height) direction, extending the invasion distance and difficulty of water and gas. Therefore, even when using the same protective material 4, it can still maintain higher stability than the traditional encapsulation structure.

[0031] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the protective housing 5 can be composed of traditional ultra-white glass, tempered glass or polymer backplane, and can also be made of one or several of other inorganic non-metallic materials and metallic materials. Among them, in addition to traditional ultra-white glass and tempered glass, other inorganic non-metallic materials can also be one or several of carbon fiber, clay board, and building facade materials; the metallic materials can be one or several of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy. Thus, the present invention only needs one protective housing to encapsulate the battery, and can use metal, carbon fiber, etc. as the housing. Compared with the ultra-white glass, tempered glass backplane or polymer backplane used as the protective layer in the traditional encapsulation structure, by using lightweight carbon fiber materials and alloy materials, it can reduce the thickness (reduce the weight) while ensuring and even improving the mechanical strength.

[0032] Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the protective housing 5 is formed in a special shape and the material selection range is expanded, the optional range of the encapsulation process is also wider. A variety of encapsulation processes can be used and combined with different encapsulation materials to achieve different encapsulation effects. For example, the encapsulation process can be selected from one or several of lamination, thermoplastic, thermosetting, UV curing or potting. Specifically, the material can be selected according to the performance of different perovskite light-absorbing layers, and a suitable encapsulation process can be used. For example, for a perovskite light-absorbing layer with high heat resistance, traditional hot pressing and thermoplastic processes can be used, and a protective material 4 with a higher temperature can be used. For a perovskite light-absorbing layer with poor heat resistance, UV curing or potting can be used. For a perovskite light-absorbing layer with poor water resistance, polyisobutylene and glass powder can be used as the protective material 4 or one of a variety of protective materials 4.

[0033] For another example, when using thermoplastic or thermosetting protective materials 4, hot pressing and lamination processes are selected; when using ultraviolet (UV) curable protective materials 4, such as one-component epoxy resins and acrylic resins, UV curing is selected; when using two-component epoxy or acrylic materials as the protective material 4, potting processes are selected, and the battery can be encapsulated at room temperature to avoid the temperature affecting the perovskite light-absorbing layer and causing performance degradation; in the case of a pure inorganic perovskite light-absorbing layer, due to its high temperature resistance and its sensitivity to water content, two structures of the protective materials 4a and 4b shown in Figure 3 can be formed. Polyethylene octene coelastomer with good waterproofness is used as the protective material 4a and is spread between the bottom surface of the protective shell 5 and the perovskite solar cell. Polyisobutylene with better waterproofness is used as the protective material 4b and is spread between the side surface of the protective shell 5 and the perovskite solar cell. The battery is encapsulated using traditional lamination processes, and so on.

[0034] Also, as shown in Figure 6 , the perovskite solar cell is above and the protective shell 5 is below. When encapsulating using the above encapsulation structure, first, material placement is carried out. If a liquid protective material 4 is used, the protective material 4 is first spread on the bottom surface of the protective shell 5 and cured. Before it is completely cured, the perovskite solar cell is placed, and the not-yet-completely-cured protective material 4 fills the space between the perovskite solar cell and the bottom surface of the protective shell 5. Then, the liquid protective material 4 is filled between the perovskite solar cell and the side surface of the protective shell 5, and encapsulation is prepared. If a solid protective material 4 is used, the protective material 4 is first spread on the bottom surface of the protective shell 5, then the perovskite solar cell is placed, and the remaining solid protective material 4 is filled between the perovskite solar cell and the side surface of the protective shell 5, and encapsulation is prepared. Next, encapsulation is carried out. As mentioned above, different encapsulation processes can be used for different protective materials 4, which will not be elaborated here.

[0035] According to the present invention, using the above encapsulation structure, the battery and the protective shell are bonded together by a protective material. Through the design of a conductive layer with a special shape on the conductive substrate, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery can be directly led out to the outside of the battery (the outside of the encapsulation) through the conductive layer of the conductive substrate without passing through the protective material, avoiding the problems existing in the prior art: 1. Water and oxygen enter the encapsulation space through the gap due to the contact between the encapsulation material and the electrode lead-out part, resulting in a decrease in the liquid and gas barrier performance; 2. Hidden dangers such as resistance generated by the contact between the electrode lead-out part and the conductive layer, the firmness of the connection between the two, and the influence of the exposure of the electrode itself to deterioration, so that the encapsulation structure has a higher level of gas and liquid barrier performance. Compared with the tempered glass backplane or polymer backplane used as the protective layer in the traditional encapsulation structure, the present invention can also use lightweight carbon fiber materials and alloy materials to reduce the weight while ensuring the mechanical strength. The structure of the present invention can use a variety of encapsulation processes and combine different encapsulation materials to achieve different encapsulation effects, thereby broadening the selection of protective materials and their encapsulation processes.

[0036] The following further lists embodiments to illustrate the present invention in detail. It should also be understood that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art's non-essential improvements and adjustments based on the above content of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following embodiments, if two protective materials are used, they are distinguished as the first protective material 4a and the second protective material 4b according to the definition in the drawings. If only one protective material is used, it is recorded as the protective material 4.

[0037] Embodiment 1 Encapsulate a single-junction perovskite solar cell using a thermoplastic film as the protective material. Specifically as follows: (1) Lay the protective material 4 cut to a suitable size in the protective shell 5; (2) Place the perovskite solar cell on the protective material 4; (3) Lay the protective material 4 cut to a suitable size in the gap between the perovskite solar cell and the side of the protective shell 5; (4) Put the placed perovskite solar cell to be encapsulated into a laminator, set the temperature to 115 °C and the time to 15 min for lamination to make the encapsulated perovskite solar cell.

[0038] Embodiment 2 Encapsulate a single-junction perovskite solar cell using 2 thermoplastic films as the protective material 4. Specifically as follows: (1) Lay the first protective material 4a cut to a suitable size in the protective shell 5; (2) Place the perovskite solar cell on the protective material 4; (3) Lay the protective material 4b cut to the appropriate size in the gap between the perovskite solar cell and the side of the protective housing 5. Among them, the second protective material 4b has higher water-blocking performance; (4) Place the perovskite solar cell to be encapsulated in a laminator, set the temperature to 130 °C and the time to 15 min for lamination to fabricate the encapsulated perovskite solar cell.

[0039] Example 3 Encapsulate a single-junction perovskite solar cell, and use an ultraviolet-curable paste as the protective material 4. Specifically as follows: (1) Fill the protective housing 5 with the ultraviolet-curable paste; (2) Place the Figure 5 perovskite solar cell with the Figure 5 structure (i.e., a light-blocking material 7 is formed on the surface of the cell) on the bottom protective material 4 and press it down to form a structure. As is well known to those skilled in the art, ultraviolet light-curable glue needs to be irradiated with ultraviolet light for curing, but ultraviolet light will damage the cell. Therefore, when using ultraviolet encapsulation, a light-blocking material 7 needs to be made on the surface of the cell. (3) Use an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength of 365 nm and a power of 750 W to irradiate for 30 s for curing to fabricate the encapsulated perovskite solar cell.

[0040] Example 4 Encapsulate a single-junction perovskite solar cell, and use a two-component epoxy resin as the protective material 4. Specifically as follows: (1) Mix the two components in a mass ratio of 1:1; (2) Fill the mixed protective material 4 into the protective housing 5 and let it stand for 5 min to wait for its viscosity to increase; (3) Place the perovskite solar cell on the protective material 4; (4) Then fill the mixed protective material 4 between the side of the protective housing and the perovskite solar cell; (5) Let it stand for 20 min for room-temperature curing to fabricate the encapsulated perovskite solar cell.

[0041] Example 5 Encapsulate a multi-junction perovskite solar cell, and use a thermoplastic film as the protective material 4. Specifically as follows: (1) Lay the protective material 4 cut to the appropriate size in the protective housing 5; (2) Place the multi-junction perovskite solar cell on the protective material 4; (3) As Figure 4As shown, two (one pair) electrodes with opposite polarities on adjacent perovskite solar cells are connected using a conductive material 6 to form a series connection; (4) Lay the protective material 4 cut to the appropriate size in the gap between the perovskite solar cell pack and the side of the protective housing 5; (5) Place the arranged multi - section perovskite solar cell pack to be encapsulated into a laminator, set the temperature to 115 °C and the time to 15 min for lamination to produce the encapsulated multi - section perovskite solar cell pack.

[0042] Comparative Example 1 As Comparative Example 1, a single - section perovskite solar cell was encapsulated using the encapsulation structure and method in Patent Document 1. Figure 7 of Figure 7 a is a top - view of the perovskite solar cell encapsulation structure in Comparative Example 1. For ease of observation, the protective material 4 is not included in the figure. Figure 7 of Figure 7 b is Figure 7 a cross - sectional view taken along A - A in a. Components corresponding to those in the present invention in the comparative example structure are labeled with the same symbols and briefly described. As Figure 7 shown in a and 7b, the protective housing 5 is divided into an upper protective housing 5a and a lower protective housing 5b. The conductive substrate 1 is located between the upper protective housing 5a and the lower protective housing 5b and is filled with the protective material 4. The upper protective housing 5a is provided with a lead - wire reserved hole 5c for leading out the lead - wire 8 buried inside and connected to the electrode 3. Also, the encapsulation operation is as follows: (1) Use a soldering iron to weld a tinned copper strip to the positive and negative electrodes 3 of the battery as the lead - wire 8. (2) Place the protective material 4 on the lower protective housing 5b; (3) Place the perovskite solar cell on the protective material 4 and extend the tinned copper strip out of the lead - wire reserved hole 5c; (4) Lay the protective material 4 above and around the perovskite solar cell; (5) Place the upper protective housing 5a on the upper protective material. (6) Place the arranged perovskite solar cell to be encapsulated into a laminator, set the temperature to 115 °C and the time to 15 min for lamination to produce the encapsulated perovskite solar cell module.

[0043] Figure 8 is a graph of the performance degradation of the perovskite solar cells encapsulated in Example 1, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 after double 85 - aging. Specifically, the above - mentioned 4 types of encapsulated cells were placed in a constant - temperature and constant - humidity chamber, and a double 85 - aging experiment was set at a temperature of 85 °C and a humidity of 85%. The initial efficiency and the efficiency values after aging for 100 h, 250 h, 500 h, and 1000 h were respectively tested, and the experimental results are asFigure 8 As shown. Obviously, according to the encapsulation structure of the present invention, excellent high-level gas and liquid barrier properties can be obtained regardless of the encapsulation protection material and encapsulation process used.

[0044] The above specific embodiments further elaborate on the object, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above is only one specific embodiment of the present invention and is not limited to the protection scope of the present invention. Without departing from the gist of the basic features of the present invention, the present invention can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, the embodiments in the present invention are for illustration rather than limitation. Since the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims rather than the specification, and all changes falling within the scope defined by the claims, or within the equivalent scope defined by the claims, should be understood to be included in the claims. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell encapsulation structure, It is characterized in that it includes: a perovskite solar cell formed with a battery active region and a pair of battery electrodes on a conductive substrate; a protective housing covering the outside of the conductive substrate and the perovskite solar cell; and a protective material distributed between the perovskite solar cell and the protective housing; the conductive substrate includes a transparent substrate insulating layer and a transparent substrate conductive layer; the transparent substrate conductive layer is located between the transparent substrate insulating layer and the battery active region, and has two end portions respectively bent in a form exposed to the outside of the conductive substrate; the two end portions are respectively electrically connected to the pair of battery electrodes corresponding to the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell, and are cut into a discontinuous shape by the transparent substrate insulating layer in a form of separating the pair of battery electrodes.

2. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the perovskite solar cell is a single-substrate cell or a battery string composed of a plurality of perovskite solar cell modules; the protective material is filled between the perovskite solar cell and the protective housing and between a plurality of the perovskite solar cell modules.

3. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 2, characterized in that when the perovskite solar cell is a battery string, the electrodes of one perovskite solar cell module are connected to the electrodes with opposite polarities in an adjacent another perovskite solar cell module to form a series connection, or the electrodes with the same polarities in two adjacent perovskite solar cell modules are connected to each other to form a parallel connection.

4. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 3, characterized in that adjacent perovskite solar cell modules are connected by a conductive material; the conductive material includes a tinned copper strip, a tinned copper tape or a conductive tape.

5. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective housing is formed in a groove shape with a curved edge, and the conductive substrate and the perovskite solar cell are embedded in a form of surrounding on all sides.

6. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective housing is made of one or several of inorganic non-metallic materials, metallic materials, and polymer backplanes.

7. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the inorganic non-metallic material is ultra-white glass or tempered glass, or one or several of carbon fiber, clay board, and building facade materials; the metallic material is one or several of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy.

8. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that when there are two or more kinds of the protective materials, one kind is distributed between the perovskite solar cell and the bottom surface of the protective housing, and the other kind is distributed between the perovskite solar cell and the side surface of the protective housing.

9. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The protective material is one or a combination of polyoctenamer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyisobutene, silicone resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and low-temperature glass powder.

10. The perovskite solar cell encapsulation structure according to claim 1, wherein The encapsulation process is selected from one or more of lamination, thermoplastic, thermosetting, UV curing, or potting.

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