User equipment, base station, communication network node and method

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to transmit a signal of an operational status indication to a base station, where the signal of the operational status indication is transmitted at a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operational status indication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to user equipment, base stations, communication network nodes, and methods for operating a 5G network in an industrial environment. Background Art

[0002] In 3GPP IoT (Internet of Things) Release 16 and Release 17, functions for industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) were introduced. These releases were developed to support Industry 4.0, factory automation, smart cities, etc.

[0003] One feature of these releases is time-sensitive communication (TSC), which enables highly accurate time synchronization, low-latency services, and highly reliable communication between devices.

[0004] According to 3GPP, TSC should be compatible with wired-based time-sensitive networking (TSN). However, IIoT covers a wide variety of applications and has requirements quite different from traditional 3GPP applications such as voice, text, web browsing, etc.

[0005] Although there are technologies for providing industrial Internet of Things, it is generally desirable to provide user equipment, base stations, communication network nodes, and methods. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to:

[0007] Transmit a signal indicating an operating state to a base station, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0008] According to a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to:

[0009] Receive an emergency indication from a base station using allocated resources; and

[0010] Perform an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0011] According to a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station including circuitry configured to:

[0012] Receive a signal indicating an operating state from a user equipment, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0013] According to a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station including circuitry configured to:

[0014] Send an emergency indication to a user equipment using allocated resources.

[0015] According to a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method including:

[0016] Transmit a signal of an operation status indication to a base station, wherein the signal of the operation status indication is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operation status indication.

[0017] According to a sixth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method including:

[0018] Receive an emergency indication from a base station using allocated resources; and

[0019] Perform an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0020] According to a seventh aspect, the present disclosure provides a method performed in a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the method including:

[0021] Receive a signal of an operation status indication from a user equipment, wherein the signal of the operation status indication is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operation status indication.

[0022] According to an eighth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method performed in a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the method including:

[0023] Send an emergency indication to a user equipment using allocated resources.

[0024] According to a ninth aspect, the present disclosure provides a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to:

[0025] Obtain surveillance data;

[0026] Input the surveillance data into a machine vision algorithm;

[0027] Determine a risk level attributable to the surveillance data based on the machine vision algorithm; and

[0028] Send an emergency command if the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0029] According to a tenth aspect, the present disclosure provides a communication network node for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to:

[0030] Receive an emergency command from a user equipment.

[0031] According to an eleventh aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for a mobile telecommunications network to be performed in a user equipment, the method comprising:

[0032] Obtain surveillance data;

[0033] Input the surveillance data into a machine vision algorithm;

[0034] Determine a risk level attributable to the surveillance data based on the machine vision algorithm; and

[0035] If the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold, send an emergency command.

[0036] According to a twelfth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for a mobile telecommunications network to be performed in a communication network node, the method comprising:

[0037] Receive an emergency command from a user equipment.

[0038] Other aspects are set forth in the dependent claims, the drawings, and the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Embodiments are explained by way of example with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram for uplink communication is depicted;

[0041] Figure 2 A method performed on the transmitter side according to the present disclosure is depicted;

[0042] Figure 3 A method performed on the receiver side according to the present disclosure is depicted;

[0043] Figure 4 An embodiment showing SLS is depicted;

[0044] Figure 5 A speed graph of the operating speed of a robot is depicted;

[0045] Figure 6 A block diagram of a mobile telecommunications network for providing machine vision and SLS functions according to the present disclosure is depicted;

[0046] Figure 7 Different QoS flows according to the present disclosure are depicted;

[0047] Figure 8 A block diagram of a method performed on the machine vision side is depicted;

[0048] Figure 9 A block diagram of a method performed on the SLS side is depicted. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] Before starting to describe the implementation manners in detail, a general explanation is made. Figure 1 Before starting to describe the implementation manners in detail, a general explanation is made.

[0050] In the present disclosure, the following definitions are used:

[0051] Configuration Grant (CG) : See patent application publication WO 2022 / 029112 A1: Configuration grant UCI multiplexing on PUSCH repetition

[0052] Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) : See patent application publication WO 2022 / 152433 A1: HARQ-ACK bundling for different SPS instances in an SPS group

[0053] Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) : See WO 2021 / 209235 A1: Large master clock UE (DS-TT) providing uplink synchronization for TSN

[0054] Application Function (AF) : The application function is the interface between the TSN CNC and 5G (see below)

[0055] The following definitions are based on the Cisco IoT white paper retrieved from [1]:

[0056] TSN Solution Components : There can be five main components in a TSN (Time-Sensitive Network):

[0057] TSN Flow : A term used to describe time-critical communication between end devices. Each flow has strict time requirements fulfilled by networked devices. Each TSN flow is uniquely identified by a network device.

[0058] End Device : The source and destination of a TSN flow. End devices can run applications that may require deterministic communication. End devices are also referred to as speakers and listeners.

[0059] Bridge : Also known as an Ethernet switch. For TSN, these are special bridges that can transmit Ethernet frames of TSN flows according to a schedule and receive Ethernet frames of TSN flows according to a schedule.

[0060] Central Network Controller (CNC) : For TSN, the CNC acts as an agent for the network (TSN bridges and their interconnections) and control applications that require deterministic communication. The CNC defines the schedule according to which all TSN frames are transmitted. The CNC application is provided by the vendor of the TSN bridge.

[0061] Centralized User Configuration (CUC): An application that communicates with the CNC and the end devices. The CUC represents the control application and the end devices. The CUC issues a request to the CNC for deterministic communication (TSN streams) with specific requirements for these streams. The CUC is a vendor-specific application. Typically, the vendor of the TSN end devices will supply the CUC for these end devices.

[0062] The following definition of TSC (Time-Sensitive Communication) Assist Information (TSCAI) is based on 3GPP IoT Release 17.

[0063] TSCAI The following parameters may be included:

[0064] Flow Direction : The direction of the TSC stream (uplink or downlink)

[0065] Period : The time period between the starts of two bursts

[0066] Burst Arrival Time : The latest possible time for the first packet of a data burst to arrive at the ingress of the RAN (Radio Access Network) (downlink stream direction) or the egress interface of the User Equipment (UE) (uplink stream direction)

[0067] Time to Live : As defined in 3GPP TS 22.261 (Service Requirements for 5G Systems); the survival time refers to the time period during which the application can survive without any bursts

[0068] The following definitions relate to Fieldbus:

[0069] Fieldbus is the name for a family of industrial computer networks used for real-time distributed control. The fieldbus profiles are standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as IEC 61784 / 61158.

[0070] Complex automated industrial systems are typically structured as distributed control systems (DCS) in hierarchical levels. In such a hierarchy, the upper layer for production management is linked to the direct control level of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) via a non-time-critical communication system (e.g., Ethernet). The fieldbus links the PLCs at the direct control level to the components at the field level in the factory (such as sensors, actuators, motors, control lamps, switches, valves, and contactors) and replaces the direct connections via current loops or digital I / O signals. Therefore, the requirements for the fieldbus are time-critical and cost-sensitive. Since the new millennium, multiple fieldbuses based on real-time Ethernet have been established. In the long run, these have the potential to replace traditional fieldbuses.

[0071] The following definitions are obtained from 3GPP TS 23.501 V17.5.0 (2022-06):

[0072] The 5G system architecture includes the following network functions (NFs):

[0073] - Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

[0074] - Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF).

[0075] - Data Network (DN), e.g., operator services, Internet access, or third-party services.

[0076] - Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF).

[0077] - Network Exposure Function (NEF).

[0078] - Network Repository Function (NRF).

[0079] - Network Slice Admission Control Function (NSACF).

[0080] - Network Slice Specific SNPN Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF).

[0081] - Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF).

[0082] - Policy Control Function (PCF).

[0083] - Session Management Function (SMF).

[0084] - Unified Data Management (UDM).

[0085] - Unified Data Repository (UDR).

[0086] - User Plane Function (UPF).

[0087] - UE Radio Capability Management Function (UCMF).

[0088] - Application Function (AF).

[0089] - User Equipment (UE).

[0090] - (Radio) Access Network ((R)AN).

[0091] - 5G Equipment Identity Register (5G-EIR).

[0092] - Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF).

[0093] - Charging Function (CHF).

[0094] - Time-Sensitive Networking AF Application (TSN AF).

[0095] - Time-Sensitive Communication and Time Synchronization Function (TSCTSF).

[0096] - Data Collection Coordination Function (DCCF).

[0097] - Analyzed Data Repository Function (ADRF).

[0098] - Messaging Framework Adapter Function (MFAF).

[0099] - Non-Seamless WLAN Offloading Function (NSWOF).

[0100] Note: The functions provided by DCCF and / or ADRF can also be hosted by, for example, NWDAF.

[0101] - Edge Application Server Discovery Function (EASDF).

[0102] The 5G system architecture also includes the following network entities:

[0103] - Service Communication Proxy (SCP).

[0104] - Secure Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP).

[0105] The functional descriptions of these network functions and entities are specified in Article 6.

[0106] - Non-3GPP Interworking Function (N3IWF).

[0107] - Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function (TNGF).

[0108] - Wired Access Gateway Function (W-AGF).

[0109] - Trusted WLAN Interworking Function (TWIF).

[0110] It has been recognized that Internet of Things (IoT) applications and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications can be different from traditional cellular applications (e.g., in the context of 5G).

[0111] For example, IIoT may need to support various network topologies such as star, ring, daisy chain (linear), mesh, their hybrids, etc.

[0112] In traditional cellular applications, a typical topology can be a star topology (e.g., a base station sending data to multiple terminal devices or user equipment (UE)), but in industrial communication (such as in a factory floor), the topology can depend on the layout of the machines, communication requirements, etc.

[0113] It has been further recognized that since known radio channels can be unstable and may have randomness, known cellular systems may not be able to provide fail-safe communication. Retransmission can improve the error rate but also increases latency, while secure communication may need to take effect immediately in case of an emergency.

[0114] In addition, if 5G wireless communication is used to replace wired communication, it should (ideally) meet the requirements of wired communication. For example, if highly reliable communication between network devices is required, ring topology communication or mesh topology communication can be used because such topologies can communicate even if one of the links in the link is deactivated. It has been recognized that it may be desirable that in 5G, the same reliability requirements may need to be met but with alternative technologies.

[0115] It has been further recognized that various types of communication may need to be supported.

[0116] In traditional industrial communication, there may be many communication modes / types because there may be many standards / products to meet the communication requirements for various industries, such as periodic / aperiodic, synchronous / asynchronous, deterministic / non-deterministic, cyclic / event-driven, real-time / non-real-time / isochronous, etc.

[0117] It has been recognized that 5G TSN may need to be able to connect to them and / or use wireless-based solutions to replace wired-based solutions.

[0118] In the following, definitions of different communication types are given.

[0119] Cyclic / Event-Driven

[0120] In cyclic communication, terminal devices (also known as user equipment (UE)) can obtain information in sequence. For example, UE A → UE B → UE C → UE D, and then back to the starting point UE A. Time slots can be pre-allocated and guaranteed for a specific UE. For example, the transmission can be based on time division, but other transmission types can also be envisioned. For example, if transmissions overlap in the same time slot, resources can be separated in the frequency domain or a special domain (e.g., beam domain).

[0121] On the other hand, event-driven means that the business can be processed when an event (e.g., an alert) occurs, such that such communication can be referred to as "on-demand". However, if low latency is required (such as for critical alerts), immediate processing of the business may be needed. Depending on the type of event / alert, different business processing strategies may be required. Even for latency-tolerant events, the timestamp when the event occurs should be accurate, because historical logs may be useful for troubleshooting.

[0122] Deterministic / Non-Deterministic

[0123] In deterministic communication, uncertainty / randomness can be removed as much as possible. Factors of uncertainty can be avoided, such as conflicts in resource usage (e.g., contention, interference), the impact of channel fading (errors), insufficient transmission power in amplifiers, overloading of network nodes beyond capacity, etc. Deterministic communication can be provided through a combination of multiple technologies. For example, cyclic communication or periodic resource allocation can be used to provide deterministic communication.

[0124] Synchronous / Asynchronous

[0125] Depending on the context, asynchronous communication may have different meanings. In traditional LPWA IoT (latency-tolerant systems), the receiver can use the signal sent by the UE at a later time after the UE sends the signal. The time of receiving the data can be much later than the time of using the data.

[0126] In industrial IoT (such as factory automation), unexpected and unplanned alerts may be triggered. Such alerts can be regarded as asynchronous. However, the urgency can depend on the type of event / alert. Some events can be latency-tolerant, but some events should be processed immediately.

[0127] In industrial IoT, it may be necessary to process both synchronous and asynchronous services.

[0128] Real-Time / Non-Real-Time / Isochronous

[0129] In the context of 3GPP, real-time services can be used for voice, video, etc. Real-time services may need to be processed within the allowed latency (e.g., for voice, the latency may need to be less than 100 ms). Therefore, such services can be processed like Voice over LTE (VoLTE). On the other hand, non-real-time services may not require such processing.

[0130] It has been recognized that in IIoT, other service categories that can be called "isochronous" may be needed. Isochronous communication can provide low-latency communication, very accurate time synchronization, and high reliability. It can be suitable for industrial applications such as motion control. 5G TSN can be a key technology to meet this requirement.

[0131] Periodic / Aperiodic

[0132] In periodic communication, signals can be transmitted at regular intervals. For example, a UE can transmit signals repeatedly every 5 ms, etc.

[0133] As pointed out above, in industrial communication, there can be various combinations of different communication types, and these combinations should also be available in 5G. More information can be obtained from the white paper [2].

[0134] However, it has been recognized that there is no 3GPP standard defining how TSN should consider these different communication types.

[0135] In addition, it has been recognized that there can be various types of use cases in factory automation, and these use cases should still be available in 5G IIoT. Such use cases can be shown in 3GPP TR 22.804 V16.3.0 (2020-07). Some use cases are defined below.

[0136] Motion Control

[0137] In a factory, a motor / actuator can control an object to move to a predetermined position (e.g., a conveyor belt, a robot) at a predetermined speed in a predetermined sequence. This can be achieved based on sensors.

[0138] It has been recognized that such a system can have a feedback loop to adjust the position / speed, and it may require low latency, very accurate time synchronization, and high reliability. It should be based on deterministic communication and can use cyclic communication to guarantee the quality of service (QoS).

[0139] Alarm / Event

[0140] Alarms / events may occur at unexpected times. However, there can be various types of alarms / events. For example, for an alarm indicating an emergency situation, immediate action may be required. On the other hand, some events can be delay-tolerant, and as a first step, it may be sufficient to simply record them in a log. However, in traditional 3GPP, such diversity of events has not been considered.

[0141] In addition, for events, very accurate timestamps may be required because time series analysis can help with troubleshooting.

[0142] Non-Real-Time Data

[0143] In a factory, machines can be controlled by computers (systems), e.g., based on ERP, MES, SCADA. A large amount of data may be transmitted, but such systems may need to be delay-tolerant. In a factory environment, real-time communication and non-real-time communication may be mixed.

[0144] Machine Vision

[0145] Machine vision can refer to technologies and methods used to provide imaging-based automatic inspection and analysis for applications in industries such as automatic inspection, process control, robot guidance, etc.

[0146] Video analysis and / or image processing may require handling a large amount of data. Sensing results may need to be used for motion control (e.g., robot vision). In machine vision, eMBB-type services and URLLC-type services may be mixed in the system.

[0147] Secure Communication

[0148] It has been recognized that for factory automation leveraging 5G, it may be challenging to support safety control functions such as "emergency stop switches", "life-saving switches", etc., which can be designed to stop the machine if a human operator is unable to operate the machine for some reason (e.g., loss of consciousness).

[0149] Fail-Safe

[0150] Fail-safe can refer to a characteristic or practice that inherently responds in a way that will cause minimal or no damage to other equipment, the environment, and / or people in the case of a specific type of failure.

[0151] Safe Speed Limiting (SLS) Function

[0152] The SLS function can cause a controlled device such as a motor to decelerate to a defined target speed. The drive can be decelerated to a predefined target speed, which can be monitored. Thus, SLS can prevent the motor from exceeding the speed limit.

[0153] Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

[0154] PLC can refer to an industrial computer that has been enhanced and adapted for controlling manufacturing processes such as assembly lines, machines, robotic devices, or any activity requiring high reliability, ease of programming, process fault diagnosis, etc.

[0155] It has been recognized that in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), secure communication may require special reliability mechanisms because errors, faults, emergencies, etc. may cause catastrophic situations that may be life - threatening, making it desirable to provide fail - safe communication mechanisms.

[0156] Such a fail - safe communication mechanism can be provided as follows:

[0157] a) The UE (or for downlink, the gNB) can transmit radio signal(s) indicating "normal state" under normal operation. It should be noted that the UE (or the terminal device) can indicate its own state or the state of one or more other devices (e.g., machines).

[0158] b) The transmitter (or the UE itself) can send signals cyclically / periodically during "normal" operation.

[0159] c) When the operation is "normal", the base station (e.g., gNB) (for uplink) (or for downlink, the UE) can receive signals regularly (i.e., cyclically or periodically).

[0160] d) In the event of an error / fault / emergency, the gNB (or UE) no longer receives signals.

[0161] e) If there is a problem with the link, the gNB (or UE) may miss (consecutive) signals (false detection), which can indicate an error / fault / emergency situation.

[0162] This will be further discussed below with reference to Figure 1 which will be further discussed below.

[0163] Figure 1 depicts a schematic for uplink communication Figure 1 i.e., the transmitter is the UE (User Equipment) and the receiver is the base station (gNB). However, the concepts discussed herein can also be applied to downlink communication (i.e., the base station is the transmitter and the UE is the receiver).

[0164] In this embodiment, the UE is configured for cyclic (or periodic) communication. Resources are allocated in advance to transmit cyclic (or periodic) signals.

[0165] As indicated in time Figure 2 the UE transmits an "OK" signal indicating "normal" operation every three milliseconds. However, when the user presses / pushes the emergency button 3 (merely as an example of how an error / fault / emergency situation can be indicated), the UE stops sending the "OK" signal, which is interpreted by the base station as "not sent or missed" (since there may be other reasons for the base station to no longer receive the signal, such as blockage of the line of sight).

[0166] In this embodiment, to ensure that an error / failure / emergency has occurred, a required response time is defined, which is ten milliseconds. This required response time allows for an interpretation of whether an error / failure / emergency has indeed occurred or whether only a transmission error has occurred. For example, if only one "OK" signal is missed due to a blockage of the line of sight between the UE and the base station, there will be no need to stop the machine or initiate an emergency function because, for example, the next signal will likely not be missed.

[0167] Therefore, in this embodiment, a threshold is defined, which indicates to the base station an emergency situation when three "OK" signals have been missed.

[0168] It should be noted that this embodiment should not be construed as limiting, because depending on the situation, missing one signal, two signals, or more than three signals can indicate an error / failure / emergency.

[0169] This can also depend on the cycle time. For example, if the cycle time is two milliseconds (instead of three milliseconds as described above), then five "OK" signals may need to be missed (before the base station interprets this as an error / failure / emergency).

[0170] It has been recognized that for the uplink, the gNB can establish a configured grant (CG) with a specific period / cycle time for the UE.

[0171] It has been recognized that for the downlink, the gNB can configure semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) with a specific period / cycle time.

[0172] Accordingly, some embodiments relate to a user equipment (or user equipment (UE)) for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to: transmit cyclic radio signals to a base station via a persistent channel, wherein the persistent channel (alternatively: keep-alive channel) is established by the base station using a configured grant; and end the transmission of the cyclic radio signals when an emergency function is activated.

[0173] There are some alternatives for emergency (or normal state) indication in the absence of cyclic signals. Examples of state indication are that the UE sends non-periodic radio signals for other purposes (e.g., channel state information), but if the interval between signals is longer than the expected interval, the UE can send a virtual signal to avoid long intervals.

[0174] Another example of state indication is that if there is an opportunity to send something, the UE sends an explicit indication of normal operation on user data or control signaling. For example, a piggybacked message or bit in other messages / other signaling.

[0175] Another example of status indication is that if other messages / signaling are sent, the UE transmits an implicit indication of normal operation. For example, the UE sends RRC signaling (such as a measurement report), CSI feedback (such as a channel quality indicator (CQI)), and a sounding reference signal (SRS), and the gNB interprets this as the UE operating normally.

[0176] Accordingly, some embodiments relate to a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to: transmit a signal indicating an operating state to a base station, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0177] Likewise, some embodiments relate to a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to: receive an emergency indication from a base station using allocated resources; and perform an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0178] In addition, some embodiments relate to a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station including circuitry configured to: receive a signal indicating an operating state from a user equipment, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0179] In addition, some embodiments relate to a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station including circuitry configured to: send an emergency indication to a user equipment using allocated resources.

[0180] Accordingly, corresponding methods and additional aspects for the UE and the base station are provided as described below.

[0181] The CG may allow sharing of resources between different UEs. However, due to the requirement for fail-safe signals, there should be no conflicts between UEs in some embodiments. Therefore, in some embodiments, the gNB (base station) should allocate dedicated (exclusive) resources for each UE.

[0182] In addition, to minimize resources, the safety signal is only reduced to an indication of the "normal" (or "OK") state as described above. Therefore, in some embodiments, a cyclic radio signal indicates the normal operation mode (e.g., of the user equipment itself and / or at least one different user equipment).

[0183] In some embodiments, power boosting and / or signal repetition techniques (such as TTI bundling) are applied to reduce retransmissions and / or communication errors. TTI bundling may refer to the UE transmitting consecutive packets within a transmission time interval (TTI) (e.g., a single transmission). Thereby, the possibility of retransmission is reduced because retransmission may cause delays.

[0184] As noted above, with reference to Figure 1 , in an emergency situation, the UE may stop transmitting "normal" signals to the gNB. If the base station does not receive signals within consecutive expected time slots, the gNB determines that an emergency situation is about to occur.

[0185] The number of consecutive time slots and their time periods can be determined based on requirements of the signal (e.g., maximum allowable delay, required response time, etc.). A decision on whether an alarm should be generated can be made after consecutive time slots are not received, such that the likelihood of false alarms can be reduced. As noted above, false alarms may be generated, for example, due to signal fading, blockage of the line of sight (e.g., due to obstacles), etc.

[0186] In some embodiments, the UE is further configured to send additional information when the emergency function is activated (after transmission of the cyclic signal ends).

[0187] In some embodiments, the additional information includes at least one of the following: an indication of the occurrence of an event (e.g., type and / or origin of the emergency situation) and / or a timestamp (i.e., when the emergency function was activated).

[0188] In some embodiments, the additional information is sent using separate resources, i.e., resources different from those in which the cyclic signal is sent. Thus, in some embodiments, the additional information is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel. This may be due to the situation that the cyclic signal may require very low resources (as described above) and thus there may be no room to convey the additional information via that channel.

[0189] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: receive an emergency indication from the base station via semi-persistent scheduling; and perform an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0190] For example, the emergency indication may include an action plan to be taken when an emergency situation is detected. The emergency indication may cause a (predefined) emergency action to be performed (e.g., stop / slow down the machine).

[0191] In some embodiments, the base station is further configured to: in the case of missing a "normal" signal, stop other transmissions / receptions unrelated to errors / failures / emergency situations, and allocate a predetermined amount (e.g., all) of resources to handle the additional information for security procedures.

[0192] In some embodiments, the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment, as discussed herein.

[0193] In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network, as discussed herein.

[0194] In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein.

[0195] In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein.

[0196] Some embodiments relate to a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station including circuitry configured to: establish a persistent channel to a user equipment using configured grant; receive a cyclic radio signal from the user equipment via the persistent channel; and detect an emergency when the base station misses a predetermined number of expected cycles of the cyclic radio signal.

[0197] In some embodiments, the cyclic radio signal indicates a normal operation mode, as discussed herein.

[0198] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: send an emergency indication via semi-persistent scheduling.

[0199] The emergency indication can be sent to a UE (or terminal device) or a different entity. For example, the UE can be configured to monitor a different entity (e.g., a machine) such that the emergency indication can be sent directly to the machine. On the other hand, the UE can receive the emergency indication.

[0200] In some embodiments, the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication, as discussed herein.

[0201] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: receive additional information from the user equipment when an emergency function is activated on the user equipment, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the additional information includes at least one of an indication of an event occurrence and a timestamp, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the additional information is received on a channel different from the persistent channel, as discussed herein.

[0202] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: establish configured grant for a plurality of user equipments.

[0203] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: allocate dedicated resources for each of the plurality of user equipments.

[0204] As noted above, the CG may allow sharing of resources among different UEs. However, due to the requirement of fail-safe signals, there should be no conflicts among UEs in some embodiments. Therefore, in some embodiments, the gNB (base station) should allocate dedicated (exclusive) resources for each UE.

[0205] Therefore, in some embodiments, the base station is further configured to: in case of missing the "normal" signal, stop other transmissions / receptions unrelated to errors / failures / emergencies, and allocate a predetermined amount (e.g., all) of resources to handle additional information for security procedures.

[0206] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to reallocate a predetermined amount of resources to handle emergencies.

[0207] In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network as discussed herein.

[0208] As discussed herein, some embodiments relate to a method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: transmitting a cyclic radio signal to a base station via a persistent channel, wherein the persistent channel is established by the base station using configured grant; ending the transmission of the cyclic radio signal when an emergency function is activated.

[0209] In some embodiments, the cyclic radio signal indicates a normal operation mode as discussed herein. In some embodiments, as discussed herein, the method further comprises: receiving an emergency indication from the base station via semi-persistent scheduling; and performing an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication. In some embodiments, the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: sending additional information as discussed herein when the emergency function is activated. In some embodiments, the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the additional information is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the cyclic radio signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network as discussed herein.

[0210] Figure 2 Depicts method 20 performed in a transmitter (e.g., UE) according to the present disclosure.

[0211] At 21, the method starts.

[0212] At 22, configure the transmission, i.e., request configuration grant from the base station.

[0213] At 23, check if there is an emergency.

[0214] If not, at 24, send a "normal" signal as discussed herein.

[0215] After that, at 25, wait for the next transmission opportunity and check again at 23 if there is an emergency.

[0216] If there is an emergency, at 26, stop sending the "normal" signal.

[0217] At 27, send additional information as discussed herein.

[0218] As discussed herein, some embodiments relate to a method performed in a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: establishing a persistent channel to a user equipment using a configuration grant; receiving a cyclic radio signal from the user equipment via the persistent channel; and detecting an emergency when the base station misses a predetermined number of expected cycles of the cyclic radio signal.

[0219] In some embodiments, a cyclic radio signal indicates a normal operating mode, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further includes: sending an emergency indication via semi-persistent scheduling, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further includes: receiving additional information from a user equipment when an emergency function is activated on the user equipment, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the additional information includes at least one of an indication of an event occurrence and a timestamp, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the additional information is received on a channel different from a persistent channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further includes: establishing configuration grants for a plurality of user equipments, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further includes: allocating dedicated resources for each of the plurality of user equipments, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further includes: reallocating a predetermined amount of resources for handling an emergency, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0220] Figure 3 Method 30 performed in a receiver (e.g., a base station) is depicted.

[0221] At 31, the method begins. The transmission period and detection conditions (e.g., counter value =) can be based on the error rate or false detection rate and / or the maximum allowable delay, as discussed herein.

[0222] At 32, configuration reception is performed, i.e., configuration grants are established, as discussed herein.

[0223] At 33, it is checked whether a "normal" signal is received.

[0224] If so, at 34, the counter is reset.

[0225] At 35, wait for the next reception opportunity and check at 33 whether a normal signal is received.

[0226] If a normal signal is not received, at 36, the counter is incremented.

[0227] At 37, it is decided whether the maximum counter number is reached.

[0228] If not, the method proceeds to 35, i.e., wait for the next reception opportunity.

[0229] If a normal signal is not received again at 33, and the counter is incremented and reaches its maximum value, then at 38, an emergency action is initiated. This action can be preconfigured by an operation and maintenance (O&M) tool, and / or time-sensitive communication assistance information (TSCAI) can be sent along with the emergency indication, as discussed herein.

[0230] It should be noted that, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the determination of missed cycles can be implemented in a different way than using a counter, for example, using a timer.

[0231] In some embodiments, the base station indicates an emergency situation to an application (e.g., a server, cloud, edge computer) via the 5G core network.

[0232] In some embodiments, the base station indicates an emergency situation to other UEs via at least one of broadcast, multicast, etc.

[0233] In some embodiments, the gNB indicates an emergency situation to other UEs via unicast.

[0234] As discussed herein, some embodiments relate to a mobile telecommunications network that includes user equipment, a base station, and circuitry configured to: establish a persistent channel via the base station using configured grants; transmit cyclic radio signals from the user equipment to the base station via the persistent channel; end the transmission of the cyclic radio signals when an emergency function is activated; and detect an emergency situation via the base station when a predetermined number of expected cycles of the cyclic radio signals are missed by the base station.

[0235] It has been recognized that machine vision can be used to detect emergency situations.

[0236] Machine vision can refer to a combination of a camera / image sensor and image / video processing. In a traditional surveillance camera, a person may need to monitor the screen. However, in machine vision, the machine can automatically identify the situation and can indicate an action when necessary. Therefore, machine vision may need to support hybrid types of services, such as video / static image data, alerts / events, and indications to other devices, indications to people (e.g., using text), etc.

[0237] Safe speed limit (SLS) may require multi-level control of machine speed to prevent accidents (e.g., in the case of humans and robots working together).

[0238] Figure 4 Depicts the SLS range 40 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0239] The first sub-range 41 is considered to be far enough away from the robot 44 such that the robot 44 can operate normally when a person 45 is within the first sub-range 41.

[0240] If the person 45 is approaching the robot 44 within the second sub-range 42 (low-risk range), the robot 44 is configured to slow down its operating speed so that an immediate stop can be achieved more easily if necessary.

[0241] If the person 45 enters the third sub-range 43 (high-risk range), the robot 44 is configured to stop immediately.

[0242] In this embodiment, not only is a camera 46 used to perform detection of which range the person 45 is in, but the robot 44 can also be configured to monitor its environment and thereby detect the person 45.

[0243] In Figure 5 a speed graph 50 of the operating speed of the robot 44 is shown, which schematically depicts on the vertical axis the speed with respect to the ranges 41 to 43 as described in reference Figure 4 From Figure 5 it can be seen that when the person 45 is approaching (i.e., within range 42), the robot 44 decelerates, and when the person 45 is within range 43, the robot stops immediately.

[0244] Range 42 also serves as a viewing range in which the person 45 can monitor the behavior of the robot 44, for example, for maintenance or configuration purposes.

[0245] Hereinafter, with reference to Figure 6 a block diagram of a mobile telecommunications network for providing machine vision and SLS functions is discussed.

[0246] The network includes a machine vision system 60, an SLS system 64, and a base station 68.

[0247] The machine vision system 60 includes a camera 61, an edge computer 62, and a UE 63.

[0248] The edge computer 62 is configured to analyze the video from the camera 61 and identify objects in the video, calculate the distances between objects in the video, etc. The UE 63 is configured to send an alert based on the video analysis. In addition, the UE 63 can send video data to different places (e.g., a control center) for recording and monitoring purposes.

[0249] The SLS system 64 includes a target machine 65 (e.g., a robot), a controller 66 (e.g., a programmable logic controller PLC), and a UE 67.

[0250] In response to receiving an alert or command from base station 68 and / or network server / cloud 69, UE 67 notifies PLC 66, which is configured to control the speed of machine 65.

[0251] As noted above, Figure 6 the 5G system includes at least one base station (gNB), core network nodes (e.g., UPF, not shown), which connect server 69 with machine vision system 60 and SLS system 64, and the server is responsible for the management of the factory floor in this embodiment.

[0252] Based on such a system, quality of service (QoS) flows can be defined for different entities, as discussed below with reference to Figure 7 what is discussed.

[0253] Figure 7 Depicted is a UE for machine vision applications (in this embodiment, a camera and an alarm) on the machine vision side 70. On the SLS side 71, a machine (e.g., a robot) is depicted.

[0254] As noted above, the network also includes base station 68 and server / cloud 69. In addition, UPF 72 (as described above) and network node 73 implementing time-sensitive network application function (TSN-AF) are shown.

[0255] From the machine vision side 70 to the server / cloud 69, an uplink stream including different types of traffic is established. Video data for recording and monitoring (e.g., by a person in a control center) is handled via non-real-time (eMBB) traffic as indicated by DRB1 / QoS1. On the other hand, alerts / events are handled via real-time traffic (URLLC).

[0256] Depending on the type and severity level of the alert / event, different streams are used, as indicated by DRB2 / QoS2 and DRB3 / QoS3. If the alert / event indicates medium risk (DRB2 / QoS2), a traditional URLLC QoS (quality of service) configuration is used. If the alert / event indicates high risk (DRB3 / QoS3), a cyclic URLLC configuration for secure communication is configured because it must immediately stop the machine. This can be achieved as discussed above with reference to Figures 1 to 3 what is discussed.

[0257] QoS flow / DRB separation is used to divide traffic into different types. For example, in the case of a serious accident in a factory, a large number of alerts / events may be generated. Thus, high-risk / critical alerts are prioritized over normal / less critical alerts.

[0258] The server / cloud 69 uses QoS flow 1 (QoS1) to receive non-real-time traffic 74, QoS flow 2 (QoS2) to receive alerts / events 75, and QoS flow 3 (QoS3) to receive emergency stop commands 76.

[0259] UEs on the SLS side 71 receive one or more streams (e.g., streams 74 and 75) from the server / cloud 69 for alert / event / command reception (indicated by DRB4 / QoS4 and DRB5 / QoS5). Similar to uplink streams, alerts / events with medium risk (DRB4 / QoS4) use traditional URLLC QoS configurations, but alerts / events with high risk (DRB5 / QoS5) use cyclic URLLC configurations for secure communication.

[0260] Note that if high traffic volume is not expected, the UE can use one QoS flow / DRB with higher QoS requirements instead of two separate QoS flows / DRBs.

[0261] In some embodiments, in the case where a single QoS flow or DRB carries both high-priority traffic and low-priority traffic, the high-priority traffic is processed first. Then, after sending the high-priority traffic, the low-priority traffic is discarded or transmitted.

[0262] If the sidelink is available, the machine vision UE can directly send alerts / commands to the target SLS UE.

[0263] Thus, in some embodiments, separate DRBs / QoS flows are established for the same UE, i.e., for non-real-time traffic and secure communication in this embodiment. Additionally, depending on the criticality of the alert / event, different QoS flows are established in the core network and DRBs. Additionally, depending on the risk level, negative impact in case of miss, etc., fail-safe communication is applied to the DRB / QoS flows.

[0264] Figure 8 Method 80 executed on the machine vision (MV) side 70 is depicted.

[0265] At 81, the method starts.

[0266] At 82, the MV system is configured by the base station. For example, non-real-time QoS flow QoS1 is configured for video streaming (e.g., 5QI is set to 67: mission-critical video user plane). Additionally, QoS2 flow can be configured with 5QI = 82 (discrete automation), i.e., with a latency of ten milliseconds, but only 255 bytes of data are available.

[0267] The QoS3 flow can be configured based on a specifically defined 5QI requirement (which has not been standardized) or based on TSCAI to achieve critical messages or emergency stops.

[0268] At 83, the video is captured and passed to an edge computer, which analyzes the video at 84. Video analysis can include identifying objects and determining the distances between objects.

[0269] At 85, it is evaluated whether a person is within a predetermined distance (e.g., a medium-risk area).

[0270] At 86, if a person is identified in the medium-risk area (e.g., area 42 as described above) based on video analysis, an alert / event is sent based on the QoS2 flow.

[0271] If the person is not within area 42, at 87 it is checked whether the person is too close to the machine.

[0272] If so, at 88, a "stop" command is sent via the QoS3 flow. If not, the video data is sent to the server / cloud 69 via the QoS1 flow.

[0273] Figure 9 A method 90 executed on the SLS side 71 is depicted.

[0274] At 91, the method starts.

[0275] At 92, the SLS system is configured as discussed above.

[0276] At 93, the UE receives a signal (command) from the base station.

[0277] At 94, the PLC interprets the command.

[0278] First, at 95, it is checked whether a person is within a predetermined distance (e.g., area 42). If so, at 96, the speed of the machine is slowed down. If a communication error is detected, the base station can also indicate to slow down the speed.

[0279] In addition, for higher reliability and low latency, the base station can change the resource allocation / scheduling (e.g., based on SPS / CG reconfiguration as discussed above).

[0280] If the decision at 95 results in "no", at 97, it is checked whether the person is too close (e.g., in area 43).

[0281] If so, at 98, the operation is stopped. If not, the method returns to 93.

[0282] Thus, in some embodiments, depending on the risk level (e.g., range), the gNB may change the resource allocation / scheduling strategy.

[0283] The gNB may configure separate DRBs / QoS flows (or combined DRB / QoS flows) according to different QoS requirements.

[0284] In a more general way: some embodiments relate to a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to: obtain surveillance data; input the surveillance data into a machine vision algorithm; determine a risk level attributable to the surveillance data based on the machine vision algorithm; and if the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold, send an emergency command on a persistent channel established between the user equipment and a communication network node.

[0285] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: send the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow, as discussed herein.

[0286] In some embodiments, the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0287] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: prioritize the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow, as discussed herein.

[0288] According to the present disclosure, there may be some methods on how to prioritize emergency commands / secure communication over normal messages.

[0289] In some embodiments, a base station (e.g., gNB) may configure different logical channels with different logical channel priorities (LCP). For example, when the UE sends an emergency command message, the logical channel for the emergency command message is prioritized over the logical channel for normal messages.

[0290] In some embodiments, the base station may configure PHY priorities (according to the RRC parameter "Ich-basedPrioritization"), and the UE may prioritize the physical channel for emergency commands / secure communication over normal messages, etc.

[0291] In some embodiments, the UE adds a priority bit in any of the headers in the PDCP / RLC and MAC layer headers. This solution may be applicable even if the emergency data is shared with normal data on the same logical channel. When this bit in the header is found, all remaining packets in the buffer are discarded and the packet is transmitted.

[0292] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: when determining that the risk level is lower than a predetermined threshold, send a data stream on different quality of service (QoS) flows via a communication network node, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel, as discussed herein.

[0293] In some embodiments, the quality of service flows are based on a quality of service definition.

[0294] For example, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, a 5QI definition may be used. However, according to the present disclosure, such existing definitions may be reused or rewritten using a definition more suitable for the situation.

[0295] In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, type of communication, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0296] In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0297] In some embodiments, the RAN assistance information is used to override an existing quality of service definition.

[0298] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: override an existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment, as discussed herein.

[0299] In some embodiments, the persistent channel is a cyclic channel, as discussed herein.

[0300] In some embodiments, the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, an emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation or stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when it is recognized that the distance between a person and the machine is within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when it is recognized that the distance between a person and the machine is below a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the communication network node is a server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a cloud server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a factory server, as discussed herein.

[0301] As discussed herein, some embodiments relate to a communication network node for a mobile telecommunications network, and a user equipment includes circuitry configured to: receive an emergency command from the user equipment via a persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment; and forward the emergency command on the persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment.

[0302] In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: receive the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: prioritize the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service flow is defined based on a quality of service definition, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: an application of the user equipment, security requirements, type of communication, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the RAN assistance information is used to override an existing quality of service definition, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the circuitry is further configured to: override an existing quality of service definition based on an application requirement of the user equipment, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the persistent channel is a cyclic channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation speed or stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when the distance between a person and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when the distance between a person and the machine is identified to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the communication network node is a server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a cloud server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a factory server, as discussed herein.

[0303] As discussed herein, some embodiments relate to a method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: obtaining monitoring data; inputting the monitoring data into a machine vision algorithm; determining a risk level attributable to the monitoring data based on the machine vision algorithm; and if the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold, sending an emergency command on a persistent channel established between the user equipment and a communication network node. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: sending the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: prioritizing the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when determining that the risk level is below the predetermined threshold, sending a data stream on different quality of service flows via the communication network node, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service flow is based on a quality of service definition, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: an application of the user equipment, security requirements, type of communication, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the RAN assistance information is used to override an existing quality of service definition, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: overriding an existing quality of service definition based on application requirements of the user equipment, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the persistent channel is a loop channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the loop channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation speed or stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when the distance between a person and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when the distance between a person and the machine is identified to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the communication network node is a server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a cloud server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a factory server, as discussed herein.

[0304] Some embodiments relate to a method performed in a communication network node for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: receiving an emergency command from a user equipment via a persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment; forwarding the emergency command on the persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment.

[0305] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: receiving the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: prioritizing the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service flow is defined based on quality of service, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: an application of the user equipment, security requirements, type of communication, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the RAN assistance information is used to override an existing quality of service definition, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: overriding an existing quality of service definition based on application requirements of the user equipment, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the persistent channel is a cyclic channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC channel, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation speed or stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when it is recognized that the distance between a person and the machine is within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, when it is recognized that the distance between a person and the machine is below a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the communication network node is a server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a cloud server, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, the server is a factory server, as discussed herein.

[0306] The methods described herein are also implemented as computer programs in some embodiments, which, when executed on a computer and / or a processor, cause the computer and / or the processor to execute the methods. In some embodiments, there is also provided a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program product, which, when executed by a processor (such as the aforementioned processor), causes the methods described herein to be executed.

[0307] It should be recognized that the embodiments describe the methods using exemplary ordered method steps. However, the specific ordering of the method steps is given for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as binding. For example, Figure 2 in the embodiments of, the orderings of 26, 27 and 24, 25 can be swapped. In addition, Figure 3 in the embodiments of, the orderings of 36 to 38 and 34, 35 can be swapped. Further, Figure 8 in the embodiments of, the orderings of 82 and 83 can also be swapped. Other changes to the ordering of the method steps may be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0308] Unless otherwise stated, all units and entities described in this specification and claimed in the appended claims can be implemented as integrated circuit logic (e.g., on a chip), and unless otherwise stated, the functions provided by such units and entities can be implemented by software.

[0309] Insofar as the above-described disclosed embodiments are implemented using at least partially software-controlled data processing devices, it will be understood that providing such software-controlled computer programs and the transmission, storage, or other media through which such computer programs are provided are contemplated aspects of the present disclosure.

[0310] Note that the present technology can also be configured as described below.

[0311] (1) A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to:

[0312] transmit a cyclic radio signal to a base station via a persistent channel, wherein the persistent channel is established by the base station using a configured grant; and

[0313] end the transmission of the cyclic radio signal when an emergency function is activated.

[0314] (2) The user equipment according to (1), wherein the cyclic radio signal indicates a normal operation mode.

[0315] (3) The user equipment according to (1) or (2), further configured to:

[0316] Receive an emergency indication from a base station via semi-persistent scheduling; and

[0317] Perform an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0318] The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

[0319] The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0320] Send additional information when the emergency function is activated.

[0321] The user equipment according to (5), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0322] The user equipment according to (5) or (6), wherein the additional information is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel.

[0323] The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the cyclic radio signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

[0324] The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0325] The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0326] The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0327] A base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station including circuitry configured to:

[0328] Establish a persistent channel to a user equipment using configured grant;

[0329] Receive a cyclic radio signal from the user equipment via the persistent channel; and

[0330] Detect an emergency when the base station misses a predetermined number of expected cycles of the cyclic radio signal.

[0331] The base station according to (12), wherein the cyclic radio signal indicates a normal operating mode.

[0332] (14)The base station according to (12) or (13), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0333] Send an emergency indication via semi-persistent scheduling.

[0334] (15)The base station according to any one of (12) to (14), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication.

[0335] (16)The base station according to any one of (12) to (15), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0336] Receive additional information from a user equipment when an emergency function is activated on the user equipment.

[0337] (17)The base station according to (16), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of an event occurrence and a timestamp.

[0338] (18)The base station according to (16) or (17), wherein the additional information is received on a channel different from a persistent channel.

[0339] (19)The base station according to any one of (12) to (18), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0340] Establish configuration grants for a plurality of user equipments.

[0341] (20)The base station according to (19), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0342] Allocate dedicated resources to each of the plurality of user equipments.

[0343] (21)The base station according to any one of (12) to (20), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0344] Reallocate a predetermined amount of resources for handling an emergency.

[0345] (22)The base station according to any one of (12) to (21), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0346] (23)The base station according to any one of (12) to (22), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0347] (24)The base station according to any one of (12) to (23), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0348] (25)A method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising:

[0349] Transmitting a cyclic radio signal to a base station via a persistent channel, where the persistent channel is established by the base station using a configured grant; and

[0350] When the emergency function is activated, ending the transmission of the cyclic radio signal.

[0351] The method according to (25), wherein the cyclic radio signal indicates a normal operation mode.

[0352] The method according to (25) or (26), further comprising:

[0353] Receiving an emergency indication from the base station via semi-persistent scheduling; and

[0354] Performing an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0355] The method according to any one of (25) to (27), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

[0356] The method according to any one of (25) to (28), further comprising:

[0357] When the emergency function is activated, sending additional information.

[0358] The method according to (29), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0359] The method according to (29) or (30), wherein the additional information is received on a channel different from the persistent channel.

[0360] The method according to any one of (25) to (31), wherein the cyclic radio signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

[0361] The method according to any one of (25) to (32), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0362] The method according to any one of (25) to (33), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0363] The method according to any one of (25) to (34), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0364] A method for execution in a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising:

[0365] Establish a persistent channel to a user equipment using configured authorization;

[0366] Receive a cyclic radio signal from the user equipment via the persistent channel; and

[0367] Detect an emergency when the base station misses a predetermined number of expected cycles of the cyclic radio signal.

[0368] (37)The method according to (36), wherein the cyclic radio signal indicates a normal operation mode.

[0369] (38)The method according to (36) or (37), further comprising:

[0370] Send an emergency indication via semi-persistent scheduling.

[0371] (39)The method according to any one of (36) to (38), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication.

[0372] (40)The method according to any one of (36) to (39), further comprising:

[0373] Receive additional information from the user equipment when the emergency function is activated on the user equipment.

[0374] (41)The method according to (40), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0375] (42)The method according to (40) or (41), wherein the additional information is received on a channel different from the persistent channel.

[0376] (43)The method according to any one of (36) to (42), further comprising:

[0377] Establish configured authorization for a plurality of user equipments.

[0378] (44)The method according to (43), further comprising:

[0379] Allocate dedicated resources for each of the plurality of user equipments.

[0380] (45)The method according to any one of (36) to (44), further comprising:

[0381] Reallocate a predetermined amount of resources for handling the emergency.

[0382] (46)The method according to any one of (36) to (45), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0383] (47)The method according to any one of (36) to (46), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0384] (48)The method according to any one of (36) to (47), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0385] (49)A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to:

[0386] Obtain monitoring data;

[0387] Input the monitoring data into a machine vision algorithm;

[0388] Determine a risk level attributable to the monitoring data based on the machine vision algorithm; and

[0389] If the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold, send an emergency command on a persistent channel established between the user equipment and a communication network node.

[0390] (50)The user equipment according to (49), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0391] Send the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

[0392] (51)The user equipment according to (50), wherein the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0393] (52)The user equipment according to (50) or (51), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0394] Give priority to the emergency command over data to be sent on different quality of service flows.

[0395] (53)The user equipment according to any one of (50) to (52), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0396] When it is determined that the risk level is lower than a predetermined threshold, send a data stream on different quality of service flows via a communication network node.

[0397] (54)The user equipment according to (53), wherein the data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel.

[0398] (55)The user equipment according to any one of (50) to (54), wherein the quality of service flow is based on a quality of service definition.

[0399] (56)The user equipment according to (55), wherein the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0400] (57)The user equipment according to (55) or (56), wherein the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0401] (58)The user equipment according to (57), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to overwrite an existing quality of service definition.

[0402] (59)The user equipment according to (58), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0403] Overwrite an existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

[0404] (60)The user equipment according to any one of (49) to (59), wherein the persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

[0405] (61)The user equipment according to (60), wherein the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC channel.

[0406] (62)The user equipment according to any one of (49) to (61), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operating speed or stop its operation.

[0407] (63)The user equipment according to (62), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0408] (64)The user equipment according to (63), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0409] (65)The user equipment according to any one of (49) to (64), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0410] (66)The user equipment according to any one of (49) to (65), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0411] (67)The user equipment according to any one of (49) to (66), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0412] (68)The user equipment according to any one of (49) to (67), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0413] (69)The user equipment according to (68), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0414] (70)The user equipment according to (68) or (69), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0415] (71)A communication network node for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to:

[0416] Receive an emergency command from the user equipment via a persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment;

[0417] Forward the emergency command on the persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment.

[0418] (72)The communication network node according to (71), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0419] Receive an emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

[0420] (73)The communication network node according to (72), wherein the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0421] (74)The communication network node according to (72) or (73), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0422] Give priority to the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow.

[0423] (75)The communication network node according to any one of (72) to (74), wherein the quality of service flow is defined based on quality of service.

[0424] (76)The communication network node according to (75), wherein the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0425] (77)The communication network node according to (75) or (76), wherein the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0426] (78)The communication network node according to (77), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to overwrite an existing quality of service definition.

[0427] (79)The communication network node according to (78), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0428] Overwrite an existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

[0429] (80)A communication network node according to any one of (71) to (79), wherein the persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

[0430] (81)A communication network node according to (80), wherein the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) channel.

[0431] (82)A communication network node according to any one of (71) to (81), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operating speed or stop its operation.

[0432] (83)A communication network node according to (82), wherein when the distance between a person and the machine is recognized to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0433] (84)A communication network node according to (83), wherein when the distance between a person and the machine is recognized to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0434] (85)A communication network node according to any one of (71) to (84), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0435] (86)A communication network node according to any one of (71) to (85), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network.

[0436] (87)A communication network node according to any one of (71) to (86), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0437] (88)A communication network node according to any one of (71) to (87), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0438] (89)A communication network node according to (88), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0439] (90)A communication network node according to (88) or (89), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0440] (91)A method for execution in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising:

[0441] Obtaining monitoring data;

[0442] Inputting the monitoring data into a machine vision algorithm;

[0443] Determining a risk level attributable to the monitoring data based on the machine vision algorithm; and

[0444] If the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold, an emergency command is sent on a persistent channel established between the user equipment and the communication network node.

[0445] The method according to (91) further comprises:

[0446] Sending an emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

[0447] The method according to (91), wherein the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0448] The method according to (92) or (93) further comprises:

[0449] Making the emergency command take precedence over data to be sent on different quality of service flows.

[0450] The method according to any one of (92) to (94) further comprises:

[0451] When it is determined that the risk level is lower than the predetermined threshold, a data stream is sent on different quality of service flows via the communication network node.

[0452] The method according to (95), wherein the data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel.

[0453] The method according to any one of (92) to (96), wherein the quality of service flow is based on a quality of service definition.

[0454] The method according to (97), wherein the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: an application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0455] The method according to (97) or (98), wherein the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0456] The method according to (99), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to override an existing quality of service definition.

[0457] The method according to (100) further comprises:

[0458] Overriding the existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

[0459] The method according to any one of (91) to (101), wherein the persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

[0460] (103)The method according to (102), wherein the loop channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) channel.

[0461] (104)The method according to any one of (91) to (103), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operating speed or stop its operation.

[0462] (105)The method according to (104), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0463] (106)The method according to (105), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0464] (107)The method according to any one of (91) to (106), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0465] (108)The method according to any one of (91) to (107), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network.

[0466] (109)The method according to any one of (91) to (108), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0467] (110)The method according to any one of (91) to (109), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0468] (111)The method according to (110), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0469] (112)The method according to (110) or (111), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0470] (113)A method for a mobile telecommunications network, executed in a communication network node, the method comprising:

[0471] Receiving an emergency command from a user equipment via a persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment;

[0472] Forwarding the emergency command on the persistent channel established between the communication network node and the user equipment.

[0473] (114)The method according to (113), further comprising:

[0474] Receiving the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

[0475] The user equipment according to (114), wherein the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0476] The method according to (114) or (115), further comprising:

[0477] Giving priority to the emergency command over the data to be sent on different quality of service flows.

[0478] The method according to any one of (114) to (116), wherein the quality of service flow is defined based on the quality of service.

[0479] The method according to (117), wherein the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0480] The method according to (117) or (118), wherein the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0481] The method according to (119), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to overwrite the existing quality of service definition.

[0482] The method according to (120), further comprising:

[0483] Overwriting the existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

[0484] The method according to any one of (113) to (121), wherein the persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

[0485] The method according to (122), wherein the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC channel.

[0486] The method according to any one of (113) to (123), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operating speed or stop its operation.

[0487] The method according to (124), wherein when the distance between the human and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0488] The method according to (125), wherein when the distance between the human and the machine is identified to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0489] (127)The method according to any one of (113) to (126), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0490] (128)The method according to any one of (113) to (127), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0491] (129)The method according to any one of (113) to (128), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0492] (130)The method according to any one of (113) to (129), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0493] (131)The method according to any one of (113) to (130), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0494] (132)The method according to (130) or (131), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0495] (133)A computer program comprising program code which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to any one of (25) to (35), (36) to (48), (91) to (112), and / or (113) to (132).

[0496] (134)A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program product which, when executed by a processor, causes the method according to any one of (25) to (35), (36) to (48), (91) to (112), and / or (113) to (132) to be performed.

[0497] Note also that the present technology can be configured as follows:

[0498] (1)A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to:

[0499] Transmit a signal indicating an operating state to a base station, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0500] (2)The user equipment according to (1), wherein if the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates a normal operating state.

[0501] (3)The user equipment according to (1) or (2), wherein, if the time between the transmission of a signal and a previous transmission is longer than a predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0502] (4)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted based on allocated resources configured by the base station.

[0503] (5)The user equipment according to (4), wherein the resources are allocated using configured grants.

[0504] (6)The user equipment according to (4), wherein the resources are allocated using cyclic transmissions.

[0505] (7)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the signal indicates a normal operating mode.

[0506] (8)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0507] (9)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0508] When the emergency function is activated, end the transmission of the signal.

[0509] (10)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

[0510] (11)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0511] When the emergency function is activated, send additional information.

[0512] (12)The user equipment according to (11), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0513] (13)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

[0514] (14)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0515] (15)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (14), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0516] (16)The user equipment according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0517] (17)A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to:

[0518] Receive an emergency indication from a base station using allocated resources; and

[0519] Perform an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0520] (18)The user equipment according to (17), wherein the resources are allocated by dynamic grant scheduling.

[0521] (19)The user equipment according to (17) or (18), wherein the resources are allocated by semi-persistent scheduling.

[0522] (20)The user equipment according to any one of (17) to (19), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0523] Receive a signal indicating a normal operation mode using semi-persistent scheduling.

[0524] (21)The user equipment according to any one of (17) to (20), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

[0525] (22)The user equipment according to any one of (17) to (21), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0526] Transmit additional information when the emergency indication is received.

[0527] (23)The user equipment according to (22), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0528] (24)The user equipment according to any one of (17) to (23), wherein the signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

[0529] (25)The user equipment according to any one of (17) to (24), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0530] (26)The user equipment according to any one of (17) to (25), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0531] (27)The user equipment according to any one of (17) to (26), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0532] (28) A base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station comprising circuitry configured to:

[0533] Receive a signal indicating an operating state from a user equipment, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0534] (29) The base station according to (28), wherein if the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates a normal operating state.

[0535] (30) The base station according to (28) or (29), wherein if the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is longer than the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0536] (31) The base station according to any one of (28) to (30), wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted based on allocated resources configured by the base station.

[0537] (32) The base station according to (31), wherein the resources are allocated using a configured grant.

[0538] (33) The base station according to (31) or (32), wherein the resources are allocated using cyclic transmission.

[0539] (34) The base station according to any one of (28) to (33), wherein the signal indicates a normal operating mode.

[0540] (35) The base station according to any one of (28) to (34), wherein the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0541] (36) The base station according to any one of (28) to (35), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0542] Detect an emergency when the time between the reception of the signal and the previous reception is longer than the predetermined time interval.

[0543] (37) The base station according to (36), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0544] Receive additional information when the emergency is detected.

[0545] (38) The base station according to any one of (28) to (37), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0546] Receive additional information from the user equipment when an emergency function is activated on the user equipment.

[0547] The base station according to (38), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0548] The base station according to any one of (28) to (39), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0549] Reallocate a predetermined amount of resources for handling an emergency.

[0550] The base station according to any one of (28) to (40), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0551] The base station according to any one of (28) to (41), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0552] The base station according to any one of (28) to (42), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network configured to provide time-sensitive communication to user equipment.

[0553] A base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station comprising circuitry configured to:

[0554] Send an emergency indication to user equipment using allocated resources.

[0555] The base station according to (44), wherein the resources are allocated by dynamic grant scheduling.

[0556] The base station according to (44) or (45), wherein the resources are allocated by semi-persistent scheduling.

[0557] The base station according to any one of (44) to (46), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0558] Send a signal indicating a normal operation mode using semi-persistent scheduling.

[0559] The base station according to any one of (44) to (47), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to user equipment.

[0560] The base station according to any one of (44) to (48), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0561] Receive additional information when the emergency indication is received.

[0562] The base station according to (49), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0563] (51)The base station according to any one of (44) to (50), wherein the signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boost and signal repetition.

[0564] (52)The base station according to any one of (44) to (51), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0565] (53)The base station according to any one of (44) to (52), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0566] (54)The base station according to any one of (44) to (53), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0567] (55)A method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising:

[0568] Transmitting a signal indicating an operating state to a base station, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0569] (56)The method according to (55), wherein if the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates normal operation.

[0570] (57)The method according to (55) or (56), wherein if the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is longer than the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0571] (58)The method according to any one of (55) to (57), wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted based on allocated resources configured by the base station.

[0572] (59)The method according to (58), wherein the resources are allocated using configured grants.

[0573] (60)The method according to (58) or (59), wherein the resources are allocated using cyclic transmissions.

[0574] (61)The method according to any one of (55) to (60), wherein the signal indicates a normal operating mode.

[0575] (62)The method according to any one of (55) to (61), wherein the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0576] (63)The method according to any one of (55) to (62), further comprising:

[0577] When the emergency function is activated, end the transmission of the signal.

[0578] (64)The method according to any one of (55) to (63), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

[0579] (65)The method according to any one of (55) to (64), further comprising:

[0580] When the emergency function is activated, send additional information.

[0581] (66)The method according to (65), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0582] (67)The method according to any one of (55) to (66), wherein the signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

[0583] (68)The method according to any one of (55) to (67), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0584] (69)The method according to any one of (55) to (68), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0585] (70)The method according to any one of (55) to (68), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0586] (71)A method for execution in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising:

[0587] Receiving an emergency indication from a base station using allocated resources; and

[0588] Performing an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

[0589] (72)The method according to (71), wherein the resources are allocated by dynamic grant scheduling.

[0590] (73)The method according to (71) or (72), wherein the resources are allocated by semi-persistent scheduling.

[0591] (74)The method according to any one of (71) to (73), further comprising:

[0592] Receiving a signal indicating a normal operation mode using semi-persistent scheduling.

[0593] (75)The method according to any one of (71) to (74), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

[0594] (76)The method according to any one of (71) to (75) further comprises:

[0595] When an emergency indication is received, sending additional information.

[0596] (77)The method according to (76), wherein the additional information comprises at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0597] (78)The method according to any one of (71) to (77), wherein the signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

[0598] (79)The method according to any one of (71) to (78), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0599] (80)The method according to any one of (71) to (79), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0600] (81)The method according to any one of (71) to (80), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0601] (82)A method for a mobile telecommunications network to be performed in a base station, the method comprising:

[0602] Receiving a signal indicating an operating state from a user equipment, wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

[0603] (83)The method according to (82), wherein if the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates a normal operating state.

[0604] (84)The method according to (82) or (83), wherein if the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is longer than the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0605] (85)The method according to any one of (82) to (84), wherein the signal indicating the operating state is transmitted based on resources allocated by the base station.

[0606] (86)The method according to (85), wherein the resources are allocated using configured grants.

[0607] (87)The method according to (85) or (86), wherein the resources are allocated using cyclic transmission.

[0608] (88)The method according to any one of (82) to (87), wherein the signal indicates a normal operation mode.

[0609] (89)The method according to any one of (82) to (88), wherein the signal indicates an emergency state.

[0610] (90)The method according to any one of (82) to (89), further comprising:

[0611] Detecting an emergency when the time between the reception of the signal and a previous reception is longer than a predetermined time interval.

[0612] (91)The method according to (90), further comprising:

[0613] Receiving additional information when the emergency is detected.

[0614] (92)The method according to any one of (82) to (91), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication.

[0615] (93)The method according to any one of (82) to (92), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0616] Receive additional information from a user equipment when an emergency function is activated on the user equipment.

[0617] (94)The method according to (93), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0618] (95)The method according to any one of (82) to (94), further comprising:

[0619] Reallocating a predetermined amount of resources for handling the emergency.

[0620] (96)The method according to any one of (82) to (95), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0621] (97)The method according to any one of (82) to (96), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0622] (98)The method according to any one of (82) to (97), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0623] (99)A method performed in a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising:

[0624] Sending an emergency indication to a user equipment using allocated resources.

[0625] (100)The method according to (99), wherein the resources are allocated by dynamic grant scheduling.

[0626] (101)The method according to (99) or (100), wherein the resources are allocated by semi-persistent scheduling.

[0627] (102)The method according to any one of (99) to (101), further comprising:

[0628] Sending a signal indicating a normal operation mode by using semi-persistent scheduling.

[0629] (103)The method according to any one of (99) to (102), wherein the network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to a user equipment.

[0630] (104)The method according to any one of (99) to (103), further comprising:

[0631] Receiving additional information when an emergency indication is received.

[0632] (105)The method according to (104), wherein the additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

[0633] (106)The method according to any one of (99) to (105), wherein the signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

[0634] (107)The method according to any one of (99) to (106), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0635] (108)The method according to any one of (99) to (107), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0636] (109)The method according to any one of (99) to (108), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0637] (110)A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to:

[0638] Obtain monitoring data;

[0639] Input the monitoring data into a machine vision algorithm;

[0640] Determine a risk level attributable to the monitoring data based on the machine vision algorithm; and

[0641] Send an emergency command if the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0642] The user equipment according to (110), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0643] Send an emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

[0644] The user equipment according to (111), wherein the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0645] The user equipment according to (111) or (112), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0646] Give priority to the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow.

[0647] The user equipment according to any one of (111) to (113), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0648] When it is determined that the risk level is lower than a predetermined threshold, send a data stream on a different quality of service flow via a communication network node.

[0649] The user equipment according to (114), wherein the data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel.

[0650] The user equipment according to any one of (111) to (115), wherein the quality of service flow is based on a quality of service definition.

[0651] The user equipment according to (116), wherein the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: an application of the user equipment, security requirements, type of communication, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0652] The user equipment according to (116) or (117), wherein the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0653] The user equipment according to (118), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to overwrite an existing quality of service definition.

[0654] The user equipment according to (119), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0655] Overwrite an existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

[0656] The user equipment according to any one of (110) to (120), wherein the persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

[0657] The user equipment according to (121), wherein the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) channel.

[0658] The user equipment according to any one of (110) to (122), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operating speed or stop its operation.

[0659] The user equipment according to (123), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0660] The user equipment according to (124), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0661] The user equipment according to any one of (110) to (125), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0662] The user equipment according to any one of (110) to (126), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network.

[0663] The user equipment according to any one of (110) to (127), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0664] The user equipment according to any one of (110) to (128), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0665] The user equipment according to (129), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0666] The user equipment according to (129) or (130), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0667] A communication network node for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment including circuitry configured to:

[0668] Receive an emergency command from the user equipment.

[0669] The communication network node according to (132), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0670] Receive the emergency command on a predefined quality of service (QoS) flow.

[0671] The communication network node according to (133), wherein the predefined QoS flow is defined as secure communication.

[0672] The communication network node according to (134), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0673] Prioritize an emergency command over data to be sent on different quality of service flows.

[0674] The communication network node according to any one of (134) or (135), wherein the quality of service flow is defined based on quality of service.

[0675] The communication network node according to (136), wherein the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: an application of the user equipment, security requirements, type of communication, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0676] The communication network node according to (136) or (137), wherein the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0677] The communication network node according to (138), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to overwrite an existing quality of service definition.

[0678] The communication network node according to (139), wherein the circuitry is further configured to:

[0679] Overwrite an existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

[0680] The communication network node according to any one of (132) to (140), wherein the persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

[0681] The communication network node according to (141), wherein the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC channel.

[0682] The communication network node according to any one of (132) to (142), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operating speed or stop its operation.

[0683] The communication network node according to (143), wherein when the distance between a person and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0684] The communication network node according to (144), wherein when the distance between a person and the machine is identified to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0685] The communication network node according to any one of (132) to (145), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0686] (147)The communication network node according to any one of (132) to (146), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0687] (148)The communication network node according to any one of (132) to (147), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0688] (149)The communication network node according to any one of (132) to (147), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0689] (150)The communication network node according to (149), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0690] (151)The communication network node according to (149) or (150), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0691] (152)A method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising:

[0692] Obtaining monitoring data;

[0693] Inputting the monitoring data into a machine vision algorithm;

[0694] Determining a risk level attributable to the monitoring data based on the machine vision algorithm; and

[0695] Sending an emergency command if the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0696] (153)The method according to (152), further comprising:

[0697] Sending the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

[0698] (154)The method according to (153), wherein the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0699] (155)The method according to (153) or (154), further comprising:

[0700] Making the emergency command take precedence over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow.

[0701] (156)The method according to any one of (153) to (155), further comprising:

[0702] When it is determined that the risk level is lower than a predetermined threshold, the data stream is sent on different quality of service (QoS) flows via a communication network node.

[0703] (157)The method according to (156), wherein the data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel.

[0704] (158)The method according to any one of (153) to (157), wherein the QoS flow is based on a QoS definition.

[0705] (159)The method according to (158), wherein the QoS definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0706] (160)The method according to (158) or (159), wherein the QoS definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0707] (161)The method according to (160), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to overwrite an existing QoS definition.

[0708] (162)The method according to (161), further comprising:

[0709] Overwriting the existing QoS definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

[0710] (163)The method according to (162), wherein the persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

[0711] (164)The method according to (163), wherein the cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) channel.

[0712] (165)The method according to any one of (162) to (164), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation speed or stop its operation.

[0713] (166)The method according to (165), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0714] (167)The method according to (166), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is identified to be lower than the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0715] (168)The method according to any one of (162) to (167), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0716] (169)The method according to any one of (162) to (168), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0717] (170)The method according to any one of (162) to (169), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0718] (171)The method according to any one of (162) to (170), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0719] (172)The method according to (171), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0720] (173)The method according to (171) or (172), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0721] (174)A method for a mobile telecommunications network to be executed in a communication network node, the method comprising:

[0722] Receiving an emergency command from a user equipment.

[0723] (175)The method according to (174), further comprising:

[0724] Receiving the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

[0725] (176)The user equipment according to (175), wherein the predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

[0726] (177)The method according to (175) or (176), further comprising:

[0727] Prioritizing the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow.

[0728] (178)The method according to any one of (175) to (177), wherein the quality of service flow is defined based on quality of service.

[0729] (179)The method according to (178), wherein the quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

[0730] (180)The method according to (178) or (179), wherein the quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

[0731] (181)The method according to (180), wherein the RAN assistance information is used to overwrite an existing quality of service definition.

[0732] (182)The method according to (181) further includes:

[0733] Overwriting an existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user device.

[0734] (183)The method according to any one of (174) to (182), wherein the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operating speed or stop its operation.

[0735] (184)The method according to (183), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is recognized to be within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

[0736] (185)The method according to (184), wherein when the distance between the person and the machine is recognized to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop its operation.

[0737] (186)The method according to any one of (174) to (185), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

[0738] (187)The method according to any one of (174) to (186), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

[0739] (188)The method according to any one of (174) to (187), wherein the mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

[0740] (189)The method according to any one of (174) to (188), wherein the communication network node is a server.

[0741] (190)The method according to (189), wherein the server is a cloud server.

[0742] (191)The method according to (189) or (190), wherein the server is a factory server.

[0743] References

[0744] [1] https: / / www.cisco.eom / c / dam / en / us / solutions / collateral / industry-solutions / white-paper-c11-738950.pdf

[0745] [2] https: / / 5g-acia.org / wp-content / uploads / 2021 / 04 / 5G-ACIA_Integration-of-Industrial-Ethemet-Networks-with-5G-Networks-.pdf

Claims

1. A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to: A signal for transmitting an operation status indication to a base station, wherein, The signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

2. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates a normal operating state.

3. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is longer than the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency state.

4. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein The signal indicating the operating state is transmitted based on allocated resources configured by the base station.

5. The user equipment according to claim 4, wherein The resources are allocated using configured grants.

6. The user equipment according to claim 4, wherein, The resources are allocated using cyclic transmissions.

7. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The signal indicates a normal operating mode.

8. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The signal indicates an emergency state.

9. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein The circuitry is further configured to: End the transmission of the signal when an emergency function is activated.

10. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

11. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Send additional information when an emergency function is activated.

12. The user equipment according to claim 11, wherein, The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

13. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

14. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

15. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

16. The user equipment according to claim 1, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

17. A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to: Receive an emergency indication from a base station using allocated resources; and Perform an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

18. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, The resources are allocated by dynamic grant scheduling.

19. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, The resources are allocated by semi-persistent scheduling.

20. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Receive a signal indicating a normal operating mode using semi-persistent scheduling.

21. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, The network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

22. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Send additional information when the emergency indication is received.

23. The user equipment according to claim 22, wherein, The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

24. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein The signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

25. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

26. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

27. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

28. A base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station comprising circuitry configured to: Receive a signal indicating an operation state from a user device, wherein, The signal indicating the operating state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operating state indication.

29. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates a normal operating state.

30. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is longer than the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency state.

31. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The signal indicating the operating state is transmitted based on allocated resources configured by the base station.

32. The base station according to claim 31, wherein, The resources are allocated using configured grants.

33. The base station according to claim 31, wherein, The resources are allocated using cyclic transmissions.

34. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The signal indicates a normal operating mode.

35. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The signal indicates an emergency state.

36. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Detect an emergency situation when the time between the reception of the signal and a previous reception is longer than the predetermined time interval.

37. The base station according to claim 36, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Receive additional information when the emergency situation is detected.

38. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Receive additional information from the user equipment when an emergency function is activated on the user equipment.

39. The base station according to claim 38, wherein, The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

40. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Reallocate a predetermined amount of resources for handling the emergency situation.

41. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

42. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

43. The base station according to claim 28, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

44. A base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the base station comprising a circuit system configured to: Send an emergency indication to a user equipment using allocated resources.

45. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The resources are allocated through dynamic grant scheduling.

46. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The resources are allocated through semi-persistent scheduling.

47. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Send a signal indicating a normal operation mode using semi-persistent scheduling.

48. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

49. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Receive additional information when the emergency indication is received.

50. The base station according to claim 49, wherein, The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

51. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

52. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

53. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

54. The base station according to claim 44, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

55. A method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: Transmit a signal indicating an operation state to a base station, wherein the signal indicating the operation state is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operation state indication.

56. The method according to claim 55, wherein, If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates normal operation.

57. The method according to claim 55, wherein, If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is longer than the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency state.

58. The method according to claim 55, wherein, The signal indicating the operation state is transmitted based on allocated resources configured by the base station.

59. The method according to claim 58, wherein, The resources are allocated using configured grant.

60. The method according to claim 58, wherein, The resources are allocated using cyclic transmission.

61. The method according to claim 55, wherein, The signal indicates a normal operation mode.

62. The method according to claim 55, wherein, The signal indicates an emergency state.

63. The method according to claim 55, further comprising: Ending the transmission of the signal when an emergency function is activated.

64. The method according to claim 55, wherein The network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

65. The method according to claim 55, further comprising: Sending additional information when an emergency function is activated.

66. The method according to claim 65, wherein, The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

67. The method according to claim 55, wherein, The signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

68. The method according to claim 55, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

69. The method according to claim 55, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

70. The method according to claim 55, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

71. A method performed in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: Receiving an emergency indication from a base station using allocated resources; And Performing an emergency action in response to receiving the emergency indication.

72. The method according to claim 71, wherein, The resources are allocated by dynamic grant scheduling.

73. The method according to claim 71, wherein, The resources are allocated by semi-persistent scheduling.

74. The method according to claim 71, further comprising: Receiving a signal indicating a normal operation mode using semi-persistent scheduling.

75. The method according to claim 71, wherein, The network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

76. The method according to claim 71, further comprising: Sending additional information when the emergency indication is received.

77. The method according to claim 76, wherein, The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

78. The method according to claim 71, wherein, The signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

79. The method according to claim 71, wherein The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

80. The method according to claim 71, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

81. The method according to claim 71, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

82. A method performed in a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: Receiving a signal indicating an operation status indication from a user equipment, wherein the signal indicating the operation status indication is transmitted within a predetermined time interval from a previous transmission of the operation status indication.

83. The method according to claim 82, wherein, If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is within the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates a normal operation status.

84. The method according to claim 82, wherein If the time between the transmission of the signal and the previous transmission is longer than the predetermined time interval, the signal indicates an emergency status.

85. The method according to claim 82, wherein, The signal indicating the operation status indication is transmitted based on allocated resources configured by the base station.

86. The method according to claim 85, wherein The resources are allocated using configured grants.

87. The method according to claim 85, wherein, The resources are allocated using cyclic transmission.

88. The method according to claim 82, wherein The signal indicates a normal operation mode.

89. The method according to claim 82, wherein The signal indicates an emergency status.

90. The method according to claim 82, further comprising: Detecting an emergency when the time between the reception of the signal and a previous reception is longer than the predetermined time interval.

91. The method according to claim 90, further comprising: Receiving additional information when the emergency is detected.

92. The method according to claim 82, wherein The network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication.

93. The method according to claim 82, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Receive additional information from the user equipment when an emergency function is activated on the user equipment.

94. The method according to claim 93, wherein, The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

95. The method according to claim 82, further comprising: Reallocating a predetermined amount of resources for handling an emergency.

96. The method according to claim 82, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

97. The method according to claim 82, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

98. The method according to claim 82, wherein The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

99. A method performed in a base station for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: Sending an emergency indication to a user equipment using allocated resources.

100. The method according to claim 99, wherein, The resources are allocated by dynamic grant scheduling.

101. The method according to claim 99, wherein, The resources are allocated by semi-persistent scheduling.

102. The method according to claim 99 further comprises: Using semi-persistent scheduling to send a signal indicating a normal operation mode.

103. The method according to claim 99, wherein, The network is configured to provide time-sensitive communication to the user equipment.

104. The method according to claim 99 further comprises: Receiving additional information when the emergency indication is received.

105. The method according to claim 104, wherein The additional information includes at least one of an indication of the occurrence of an event and a timestamp.

106. The method according to claim 99, wherein, The signal is transmitted based on at least one of power boosting and signal repetition.

107. The method according to claim 99, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

108. The method according to claim 99, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

109. The method according to claim 99, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

110. A user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to: Obtain monitoring data; Input the monitoring data into a machine vision algorithm; Determine a risk level attributable to the monitoring data based on the machine vision algorithm; and Send an emergency command if the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold.

111. The user equipment according to claim 110, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Send the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

112. The user equipment according to claim 111, wherein, The predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

113. The user equipment according to claim 111, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Give priority to the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow.

114. The user equipment according to claim 111, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: When it is determined that the risk level is lower than the predetermined threshold, send a data stream on a different quality of service flow via a communication network node.

115. The user equipment according to claim 114, wherein, The data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel.

116. The user equipment according to claim 111, wherein, The quality of service flow is based on a quality of service definition.

117. The user equipment according to claim 116, wherein, The quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, type of communication, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

118. The user equipment according to claim 116, wherein, The quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

119. The user equipment according to claim 118, wherein, The RAN assistance information is used to override an existing quality of service definition.

120. The user equipment according to claim 119, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Override the existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

121. The user equipment according to claim 110, wherein, The persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

122. The user equipment according to claim 121, wherein, The cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication URLLC channel.

123. The user equipment according to claim 110, wherein, The emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation or stop operating.

124. The user equipment according to claim 123, wherein, When it is recognized that the distance between a person and the machine is within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

125. The user equipment according to claim 124, wherein, When it is recognized that the distance between the person and the machine is below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop operating.

126. The user equipment according to claim 110, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

127. The user equipment according to claim 110, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

128. The user equipment according to claim 110, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

129. The user equipment according to claim 110, wherein, The communication network node is a server.

130. The user equipment according to claim 129, wherein, The server is a cloud server.

131. The user equipment according to claim 129, wherein, The server is a factory server.

132. A communication network node for a mobile telecommunications network, the user equipment comprising circuitry configured to: Receive an emergency command from the user equipment.

133. The communication network node according to claim 132, wherein, The circuitry is further configured to: Receive the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

134. The communication network node according to claim 133, wherein, The predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

135. The communication network node according to claim 134, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Make the emergency command take precedence over data to be sent on different quality of service (QoS) flows.

136. The communication network node according to claim 134, wherein, The QoS flows are based on a QoS definition.

137. The communication network node according to claim 136, wherein, The QoS definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

138. The communication network node according to claim 136, wherein, The QoS definition is based on RAN assistance information.

139. The communication network node according to claim 138, wherein, The RAN assistance information is used to override an existing QoS definition.

140. The communication network node according to claim 139, wherein, The circuit system is further configured to: Override the existing QoS definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

141. The communication network node according to claim 132, wherein, The persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

142. The communication network node according to claim 141, wherein, The cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) channel.

143. The communication network node according to claim 132, wherein, The emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation speed or stop operating.

144. The communication network node according to claim 143, wherein, When it is recognized that the distance between a person and the machine is within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

145. The communication network node according to claim 144, wherein, When it is recognized that the distance between the person and the machine is below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop operating.

146. The communication network node according to claim 132, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

147. The communication network node according to claim 132, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network.

148. The communication network node according to claim 132, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G IIoT network.

149. The communication network node according to claim 132, wherein, The communication network node is a server.

150. The communication network node according to claim 149, wherein, The server is a cloud server.

151. The communication network node according to claim 149, wherein, The server is a factory server.

152. A method for execution in a user equipment for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: Obtaining monitoring data; Inputting the monitoring data into a machine vision algorithm; Determining a risk level attributable to the monitoring data based on the machine vision algorithm; And If the risk level exceeds a predetermined threshold, sending an emergency command.

153. The method according to claim 152, further comprising: Sending the emergency command on a predefined QoS flow.

154. The method according to claim 153, wherein, The predefined QoS flow is defined as secure communication.

155. The method according to claim 153, further comprising: Making the emergency command take precedence over data to be sent on different QoS flows.

156. The method according to claim 153, further comprising: When it is determined that the risk level is below the predetermined threshold, sending a data stream on different QoS flows via a communication network node.

157. The method according to claim 156, wherein, The data stream is sent on a channel different from the persistent channel.

158. The method according to claim 153, wherein, The QoS flows are based on a QoS definition.

159. The method according to claim 158, wherein, The QoS definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements.

160. The method according to claim 158, wherein, The QoS definition is based on RAN assistance information.

161. The method according to claim 160, wherein, The RAN assistance information is used to override an existing QoS definition.

162. The method according to claim 161, further comprising: Overriding the existing QoS definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

163. The method according to claim 162, wherein, The persistent channel is a cyclic channel.

164. The method according to claim 163, wherein, The cyclic channel is an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) channel.

165. The method according to claim 162, wherein, The emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation speed or stop operating.

166. The method according to claim 165, wherein, When it is recognized that the distance between a person and the machine is within a predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down its operation.

167. The method according to claim 166, wherein, When the distance between the person and the machine is recognized to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop operating.

168. The method according to claim 162, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

169. The method according to claim 162, wherein The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network. The method according to claim 162, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

171. The method according to claim 162, wherein, The communication network node is a server.

172. The method according to claim 171, wherein, The server is a cloud server.

173. The method according to claim 171, wherein, The server is a factory server.

174. A method performed in a communication network node for a mobile telecommunications network, the method comprising: Receiving an emergency command from a user equipment.

175. The method according to claim 174, further comprising: Receiving the emergency command on a predefined quality of service flow.

176. The user equipment according to claim 175, wherein, The predefined quality of service flow is defined as secure communication.

177. The method according to claim 175, further comprising: Prioritizing the emergency command over data to be sent on a different quality of service flow.

178. The method according to claim 175, wherein, The quality of service flow is based on a quality of service definition.

179. The method according to claim 178, wherein, The quality of service definition is based on at least one of the following: the application of the user equipment, security requirements, communication type, latency, packet error rate, and redundant path requirements. The method according to claim 178, wherein The quality of service definition is based on RAN assistance information.

181. The method according to claim 180, wherein, The RAN assistance information is used to overwrite an existing quality of service definition.

182. The method according to claim 181, further comprising: Overwriting the existing quality of service definition based on the application requirements of the user equipment.

183. The method according to claim 174, wherein The emergency command instructs the machine to slow down or stop operating.

184. The method according to claim 183, wherein, When the distance between the person and the machine is recognized to be within the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to slow down.

185. The method according to claim 184, wherein, When the distance between the person and the machine is recognized to be below the predetermined range, the emergency command instructs the machine to stop operating.

186. The method according to claim 174, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G network.

187. The method according to claim 174, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is an industrial Internet of Things network.

188. The method according to claim 174, wherein, The mobile telecommunications network is a 5G industrial Internet of Things network.

189. The method according to claim 174, wherein, The communication network node is a server. The method according to claim 189, wherein, The server is a cloud server.

191. The method according to claim 189, wherein, The server is a factory server.

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