Top sealing and bud inhibiting method for flue-cured tobacco

Abstract

The invention discloses a top sealing and bud inhibiting method for flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following steps: selecting a proper tobacco plant bagging period, sleeving a flower bud, a pedicel and 2-3 attached flower leaves into a top sealing bag, tightening a bag opening, and reserving 18-20 leaves; due to the fact that tobacco plants are not capped, the top end growth advantage still exists, the tendency that axillary buds germinate from top to bottom is restrained, the axillary buds cannot grow into large tobacco branches, the bud inhibition effect is achieved, the top leaves sealed in the bag can continue to grow, part of nutrient substances are consumed, the situation that the upper leaves left outside the bag become green and late ripe is avoided, and the yield of the tobacco plants is increased. Compared with a medicine bud inhibition treatment, the leaf tissue structure is loose, the baking easiness is improved, green tobacco and ash tobacco after baking are reduced, and the utilization rate of the upper tobacco leaves is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of capping of flue-cured tobacco, in particular to a capping and bud suppression method for flue-cured tobacco. Background Art

[0002] In the process of flue-cured tobacco production, topping and branch pruning is an important agronomic measure. By removing the top growth point (topping) and side branches (branch pruning), nutrient dispersion can be avoided, and the nutrients of the plant can be more concentrated on the leaves, which helps to improve the quality and yield of the leaves. The methods used in production include drug bud inhibition and artificial branch pruning.

[0003] In actual production, in order to save labor costs, the method of drug bud inhibition is adopted. The bud inhibitors used mainly include dimethoate, chlorfenapyr, flumethalin, etc. The method is to use a container such as a cup or bottle to pour the liquid medicine from the top of the tobacco plant down along the tobacco stalk, so that the liquid medicine reaches each axillary bud to achieve the effect of bud inhibition. This method is mainly suitable for contact killing agents represented by "chlorfenapyr", which has the characteristics of fast speed, low cost, and low labor intensity. Another method is to use a sprayer to evenly spray a certain concentration of bud inhibitor on the leaves or stems of the tobacco plant, and absorb it through the living tissue of the tobacco plant and transport it to each growth point to achieve the purpose of inhibiting the growth of axillary buds. This method is mainly suitable for systemic bud inhibitors represented by "bud enemy". Since the bud inhibitor is used when the tobacco plants are harvested and cured, it is easy to cause pesticide residues in tobacco leaves, affecting the safety of flue-cured tobacco. At the same time, after the bud inhibitor is used, a large amount of nutrients are supplied to the upper tobacco leaves, causing the upper tobacco leaves to be greedy for green and late to mature, and the green tobacco after curing, which seriously reduces the quality of the upper tobacco leaves. How to improve the availability of the upper tobacco leaves has become a long-term issue that plagues tobacco production. Artificial bud removal is used to suppress buds, because the axillary buds of tobacco plants have strong germination power and grow rapidly after being removed. It is necessary to manually remove the buds many times to suppress buds. Each time the buds are manually removed, a large number of wounds on the tobacco plants are easily transmitted. Viral diseases are also easily spread. At the same time, more workers are required, which increases the labor cost of growing tobacco. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for capping and bud suppression of flue-cured tobacco to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for capping and suppressing buds of flue-cured tobacco, comprising the following method:

[0006] Choose the appropriate time to bag the tobacco plants, put the flower buds, pedicels and 2 to 3 attached flower leaves into the capped bag, tie the bag tightly, and leave 18 to 20 leaves.

[0007] Preferably, the top-sealed bag is a black plastic bag with a black kraft paper bag inside.

[0008] Preferably, the bagging period of the tobacco plant includes the budding stage, and the bagging method at the budding stage is as follows: when the tobacco plant grows to the budding stage and flower buds appear at the top of the main stem, with a length of 2-5 cm, topping is carried out.

[0009] Preferably, the bagging at the budding stage is suitable for tobacco fields with medium fertility or weak growth, to avoid the leaves being too small due to premature topping.

[0010] Preferably, the bagging period of the tobacco plant also includes the early flowering stage, and the bagging method at the early flowering stage is as follows: topping is carried out when the first flower of the tobacco plant blooms.

[0011] Preferably, at the early flowering stage, the height and number of leaves of the tobacco plant have been determined, which is suitable for tobacco fields with high fertility and strong growth, and can control the nutrient distribution earlier.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: since the tobacco plant is not topped, the apical growth advantage still exists, the tendency of axillary buds to germinate from top to bottom is inhibited, and they cannot grow into large tobacco branches, achieving the effect of bud inhibition. The top leaves sealed in the bag can continue to grow, consuming some nutrients, avoiding the upper leaves outside the bag from being late-maturing and overgrown. Compared with the treatment of drug bud inhibition, the tissue structure of these leaves is loose, improving the ease of baking, reducing the appearance of green smoke and ash-hanging smoke after baking, and improving the utilization rate of the upper tobacco leaves. Description of the Drawings

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram when bagging according to the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 It is the tissue structure diagram of the upper tobacco leaves with drug bud inhibition;

[0015] Figure 3 It is the tissue structure diagram of the upper tobacco leaves with bagging bud inhibition according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 It is the comparison diagram of the appearance of the upper leaves with drug bud inhibition and bagging bud inhibition;

[0017] Figure 5 It is the comparison diagram of the appearance of the upper leaves without bagging and with bagging bud inhibition. Detailed Embodiments

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Please refer to Figures 1 - 5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for topping and suppressing buds of flue-cured tobacco, including.

[0020] Bagging at the budding stage: When the tobacco plant grows to the budding stage, that is, when the flower bud appears at the top of the main stem and is about 2-5 cm long, topping is carried out. This is suitable for tobacco fields with medium fertility or weak growth, to avoid the leaves being too small due to premature topping. Bagging at this stage can effectively prevent the tobacco plant from over-consuming the top nutrients, ensure the quality of the upper leaves, and at the same time inhibit the germination of axillary buds.

[0021] Bagging at the early flowering stage: Topping is carried out when the first flower of the tobacco plant begins to bloom. At this time, the height and number of leaves of the tobacco plant are basically determined, which is suitable for tobacco fields with high fertility and strong growth. By topping at this time, the nutrient distribution of the tobacco plant can be controlled earlier, avoiding overgrowth of the tobacco plant, promoting the healthy development of the tobacco plant, and ensuring the quality of the upper leaves. The timing of the topping operation is when the flower bud of the tobacco plant is about to bloom, and choose a suitable time for bagging operation. At this time, the growth of the tobacco plant is stable, the flower bud has germinated but has not yet bloomed, which is the best timing for topping.

[0022] It should be noted that in this embodiment, black plastic bags and black kraft paper bags with linings are used to ensure that the bags have good airtightness, which can effectively prevent external light from entering and cover the top of the tobacco plant. Put the flower bud, flower stalk of the tobacco plant together with 2-3 attached flower leaves (small leaves) into the bag. Ensure that the bag completely covers the top part of the tobacco plant, keep the bag mouth tied tightly to prevent air and light from entering, and ensure the airtightness after topping. Leave 18-20 healthy tobacco leaves exposed at the bag mouth to ensure that these leaves can continue to carry out photosynthesis and promote the growth and development of the tobacco plant.

[0023] After the bagging is completed, regularly check the growth of the tobacco plant to ensure that there are no adverse reactions in the bagged tobacco plant, such as excessive moisture or lack of oxygen. The air permeability of the bag mouth can be appropriately adjusted to avoid excessive humidity or high temperature affecting the health of the tobacco plant. The topping operation helps to inhibit the growth of the top flower bud, avoid it consuming too much nutrients, so as to distribute more nutrients to the main stem and other leaves, ensuring the tobacco plant grows more healthily and evenly.

[0024] Example:

[0025] 1. Select suitable tobacco fields and tobacco plants

[0026] Tobacco field conditions: Select a tobacco field with medium fertility and weak growth, with relatively balanced soil fertility, moderate plant growth rate, and no excessive growth tendency. Ensure through soil testing that the tobacco field should not be fertilized too early or over-stimulate the plant growth.

[0027] Tobacco plant selection: In the initial growth stage of the tobacco plant, select healthy and moderately growing tobacco plants for topping experiments.

[0028] 2. Monitoring of tobacco plant growth and topping timing

[0029] Monitoring at the budding stage: At the budding stage of the tobacco plant (i.e., when the flower bud appears at the top of the main stem and the flower bud is about 2 - 5 cm long), by observing the growth of the tobacco plant, confirm that the top flower bud has started to germinate. At this time, the growth of the tobacco plant is not overly vigorous, and there are enough leaves.

[0030] Confirmation of topping timing: According to the growth situation and the developmental state of the tobacco plant, decide on the appropriate topping time. For this experiment, choose to carry out the topping treatment when the flower bud grows to 2 - 5 cm to avoid the leaves being too small due to premature topping.

[0031] 3. Topping operation

[0032] Bagging preparation: Select high-quality black plastic bags and lined black kraft paper bags to ensure that the bags completely cover the flower buds and flower stalks of the tobacco plant.

[0033] Operation steps:

[0034] When the flower bud of the tobacco plant is about to open, put the flower bud, flower stalk, and 2 - 3 attached leaves into the black plastic bag together.

[0035] Tie the bag mouth tightly to ensure that the bag is sealed and will not leak air or affect its internal environment.

[0036] Leave 18 - 20 healthy leaves of the tobacco plant exposed outside the bag to ensure that these leaves can continue to grow and fully absorb sunlight.

[0037] When sealing the bag, ensure that the bag completely covers the top of the tobacco plant to prevent the temperature inside the bag from being too high or the humidity from being too much, thus affecting the normal growth of the tobacco plant.

[0038] 4. Management during the growth process

[0039] Regularly check the growth of the tobacco plant to ensure that the topping operation has no adverse effects on the plant. Observe whether there are signs of excessive growth in the tobacco plant after bagging or whether the humidity inside the bag is too high.

[0040] If there is excessive moisture or high temperature inside the bag, the bag mouth can be appropriately loosened to ensure that there is enough ventilation space inside the bag to avoid oxygen deficiency or excessive moisture in the plant due to too tight sealing.

[0041] 5. Observation of the effect before harvesting

[0042] As the tobacco plant continues to grow, the upper leaves after bagging will not grow excessively due to the apical dominance consuming too much nutrients. The structure of these leaves is compact and easy to bake, and it is not easy to have the phenomenon of green smoke or hanging ash smoke.

[0043] Due to the inhibition of apical growth, the axillary buds of tobacco plants will not germinate in large numbers. The lateral branches of tobacco plants will not grow excessively, avoiding the generation of too many tobacco suckers, thereby improving the quality and usability of the upper tobacco leaves.

[0044] 6. Harvesting and Quality Inspection

[0045] Quality of tobacco leaves: When harvesting, the quality of the upper tobacco leaves is inspected. Due to the adoption of the environmentally friendly topping and bud inhibition method, these tobacco leaves do not show the phenomena of late maturity with excessive vegetative growth or green tobacco leaves. The leaf structure is dense, and the quality after baking is excellent.

[0046] Improved utilization rate of upper tobacco leaves: Compared with the traditional drug bud inhibition method or manual sucker removal method, the quality of the upper leaves of the topped tobacco plants is better, reducing the quality problems caused by excessive nutrient concentration.

[0047] Since no chemical drug bud inhibitor is used, this method avoids the risk of pesticide residues, and the produced tobacco leaves meet safety standards. Compared with manual sucker removal, the topping method reduces the number of times of manual intervention and labor intensity, and greatly reduces the labor cost of tobacco cultivation. This method meets environmental protection requirements, reduces the negative impact on the environment, and can be used in tobacco leaf production for a long time.

[0048] After implementation, good ecological and economic benefits have been achieved. Since no drug inhibition is carried out, the safety of flue-cured tobacco is improved, and the pollution of the tobacco field is reduced; manual topping not only requires a lot of labor, but also is prone to spreading virus diseases; the tobacco plants are not topped, and nutrients are supplied to the upper tobacco leaves in an appropriate amount, avoiding late maturity with excessive vegetative growth of the upper tobacco leaves, reducing the occurrence of green tobacco leaves and hanging ash tobacco leaves after baking, and improving the utilization rate of the upper tobacco leaves. The cost is reduced by 200 yuan per mu. The quality and yield of the upper tobacco leaves are increased by 16.5%, and the economic benefit per mu is increased by about 350 yuan. The income of tobacco farmers can be increased by a large margin.

[0049] Data table of the appearance quality of upper tobacco leaves with and without bagging treatment

[0050] Appearance of upper tobacco leaves

[0051] Quality (B2F)

[0052] Processing Maturity Chromaticity Oil content Microstructure Identity Bagging Ripe Strong Have Loose Medium Without bagging Ripe Strong (with ash deposit) Have Slightly dense Thick Bagging Ripe Strong Have Loose Medium Without bagging Ripe Strong Have Slightly dense Slightly thick Bagging Ripe Strong Have Loose Medium Without bagging Ripe Strong Have Relatively loose Slightly thick Bagging Ripe Strong Have Loose Medium Without bagging Ripe Strong Less Tight Medium

[0053] Data table corresponding to the cross-sections of upper leaves with and without bagging treatment

[0054]

[0055] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A topping and bud inhibition method for flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that: Including the following methods: Select an appropriate period for bagging the tobacco plants, put the flower buds, flower stalks together with 2-3 attached leaves into the topping bag, tie the bag mouth tightly, and leave 18-20 leaves.

2. The topping and bud inhibition method for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: The topping bag is a black plastic bag and an inner black kraft paper bag.

3. A topping and bud suppressing method for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The period for bagging the tobacco plants includes the budding stage. The bagging method at the budding stage is: when the tobacco plants grow to the budding stage and flower buds appear at the top of the main stem, with a length of 2-5 cm, topping is carried out.

4. A topping and bud inhibition method for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bagging at the budding stage is suitable for tobacco fields with medium fertility or weak growth, to avoid premature topping resulting in too small leaves.

5. A topping and bud suppressing method for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The period for bagging the tobacco plants also includes the early flowering stage. The bagging method at the early flowering stage is: topping when the first flower of the tobacco plant blooms.

6. The topping and bud inhibition method for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 5, wherein: At the early flowering stage, the height and number of leaves of the tobacco plants are already fixed, which is suitable for tobacco fields with high fertility and strong growth, and can control the nutrient distribution earlier.

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