Ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper phytophthora blight

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper phytophthora blight, which comprises the following steps: step 1, soaking pepper seeds in warm water at 40-50 DEG C for 10-30 minutes, soaking for a short time to achieve the effect of softening seed coats, soaking the pepper seeds in normal-temperature water at 20-25 DEG C for 4-8 hours after soaking in warm water to ensure that the seeds absorb sufficient water, and then soaking the pepper seeds in the warm water for 10-30 minutes; soaking the chilli seeds after absorbing water in a disinfectant, thoroughly washing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times after soaking and disinfection, and taking out the residual disinfectant; according to the ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper phytophthora blight, the disease resistance is remarkably improved through seed multi-stage treatment (gradient water temperature soaking, composite disinfection and three-bacterium coating), and the pathogen infection risk is reduced by combining seedling culture substrate bacteriostasis and a degradable non-woven fabric root protection technology; the comprehensive income is improved through application of the degradable material and basil intercropping, and finally the occurrence rate of pepper phytophthora blight is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and specifically provides an ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper blight. Background Art

[0002] Peppers are mainly used for food with rich vitamin C content and are usually used as seasonings. They are one of the important export agricultural products in China. Pepper seed oil can also be edible. In addition to fresh consumption, peppers can be pickled, dried, and processed into dried peppers, chili powder, chili oil, and chili sauce. According to Chinese medicinal classics, the fruits, roots, stems, and leaves of peppers can be used as traditional Chinese medicines to treat stomach cold qi stagnation, vomiting, weakness of hands and feet, rheumatic cold pain, alopecia areata and other diseases. Pepper blight is a soil-borne disease caused by Phytophthora capsici, which is characterized by rapid spread and heavy damage. It can cause root rot, stem base rot, and fruit rot of pepper plants, and even result in a complete crop failure in severe cases. Traditional prevention and control mainly rely on chemical pesticides (such as metalaxyl, mancozeb, etc.), but long-term use is prone to problems such as enhanced pathogen resistance, imbalance of soil microecology, pesticide residues, and environmental pollution.

[0003] Existing ecological control technologies mostly adopt single means (such as biological agents, crop rotation, etc.), and have defects such as unstable control effect, complex operation, and high cost. For example, conventional seed treatment mostly uses chemical seed soaking, which is easy to damage seed activity; the seedling substrate lacks the function of antagonizing pathogens; in field management, the regulation of soil microenvironment is insufficient, making it difficult to block the spread of Phytophthora capsici; the application timing and method of biological control agents are not good, making it difficult to form continuous protection. In addition, the existing technology has insufficient comprehensive utilization of ecological factors (such as associated plant regulation, intelligent monitoring), which restricts the overall improvement of disease prevention effect and planting benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive cultivation system integrating seed treatment, biological control, ecological regulation, and intelligent management to achieve green and efficient control of pepper blight. For this reason, we propose an ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper blight. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide an ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper blight. Multi-level seed treatment (gradient water temperature soaking + compound disinfection + three-bacteria coating) significantly improves disease resistance, and combines the pathogen-inhibiting function of the seedling substrate and the degradable non-woven fabric root protection technology to reduce the risk of pathogen infection; innovatively construct a three-dimensional ecological prevention and control system of "intercropping plant regulation - biological agent joint defense - plastic film moisture control and pathogen inhibition" to reduce chemical pesticides; use an intelligent drip irrigation system to precisely regulate water, fertilizer, and soil microecology, and cooperate with drone aerial spraying and sensor monitoring to achieve efficient management. At the same time, the application of degradable materials and intercropping with basil improve the comprehensive income, and finally achieve a reduction in the incidence of pepper blight, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora blight of peppers, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Soak pepper seeds in warm water at 40 - 50 °C for 10 - 30 min. Short-time soaking can achieve the effect of softening the seed coat. After soaking in warm water, soak the pepper seeds in normal-temperature water at 20 - 25 °C for 4 - 8 h to ensure that the seeds absorb sufficient moisture. After the seeds absorb water, soak them in a disinfectant solution. After soaking and disinfection, thoroughly rinse the seeds with clean water 2 - 3 times to remove the residual disinfectant solution. Soaking with gradient water temperature (40 - 50 °C → 20 - 25 °C) combined with composite disinfectant solution to treat the seeds can not only soften the seed coat, activate resistance genes, but also inactivate pathogenic bacteria efficiently, so as to reduce the residue of pathogenic bacteria.

[0007] Step 2: Select three kinds of bacterial powders and put them into a grinding machine for grinding treatment to make the various bacterial powders fully mixed. Put the evenly mixed bacterial powder and the disinfected pepper seeds into a drum coating machine for coating treatment respectively. At the same time, add an adhesive into the drum coating machine to enhance the coating effect of the pepper seeds. Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus licheniformis are coated synergistically to form a multiple biological protection layer, reducing the seed-borne bacteria rate.

[0008] Step 3: Put materials such as peat, furnace slag ash, and tea seed cake into a mixer for stirring. The stirring speed of the mixer for peat and furnace slag ash is 20 - 40 rpm, and the stirring speed of the mixer for tea seed cake is 40 - 60 rpm. After stirring, mix the dispersed peat, furnace slag ash, and tea seed cake to make a substrate, and add 80 - 120 g of Bacillus subtilis into the substrate. In the seedling raising stage, the tea seed cake substrate inhibits Phytophthora infestans. Cooperating with a degradable non-woven fabric seedling raising bag can avoid root injury during transplantation, reduce the risk of pathogen infection, and improve the seedling raising efficiency at the same time.

[0009] Step 4: After putting the substrate into the seedling raising bag, add a coated pepper seed into it. The seedling raising bag can complete emergence in the greenhouse for 5 - 7 days. When the seedlings grow to 7 - 9 true leaves, they can be transplanted.

[0010] Step 5: Select a plot with high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, and good drainage for transplantation. Add 3000 - 4000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil to improve the soil structure. At the same time, apply 100 - 150 kg of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer to supplement trace elements in the soil to increase the stress resistance of the plants. After fertilization, open ditches and make ridges on the land, and evenly cover with plastic film. Make holes on the plastic film to transplant pepper seedlings. After transplantation, use 10 - 15 g of Penicillium bilaiae mixed with 10 - 15 L of water to make an irrigation solution for irrigation. Silver-black plastic film covering can control temperature and inhibit bacteria synchronously, reduce the field humidity, and destroy the high-humidity breeding environment of Phytophthora infestans.

[0011] Step 6: After completing the plastic film mulching, sow the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne in the ditch. The ratio of Ocimum basilicum seeds to Lolium perenne seeds is 1:1. The distance between the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne and the chili seeds is kept at 30 - 50 cm. Then, irrigate the ditch to moisten the soil, ensuring that the immersion depth of the soil is 1 - 2 cm to promote seed germination. Introduce the intercropping of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne. Use the volatile substances of Ocimum basilicum to interfere with the spread of Phytophthora, and the roots of Lolium perenne promote beneficial microorganisms, reducing the pathogen base in the field. Combine the root irrigation with Penicillium bilaiae to induce resistance, and foliar spray of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and plant-derived antiviral agents to form a "soil-root-leaf" three-level biological barrier to solve the problem of single control means.

[0012] Step 7: 5 - 7 days after transplanting the chili seeds, put amino acid calcium fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and plant-derived antiviral agents into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Dilute the mixed microbial agent 500 - 1000 times with water to obtain a spray preparation. Use a drone to spray the mixed preparation on the leaves of the seedlings at a rate of 30 - 60 liters per mu, and spray the mixed preparation once every 7 - 10 days for 3 consecutive days.

[0013] Step 8: Put water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and soil conditioner into a mixer for uniform mixing, and dilute it 500 - 800 times with water to make a drip irrigation preparation. Then, bury a drip irrigation tape inside the soil next to the chili seedlings. Use the drip irrigation tape to drip irrigate the prepared drip irrigation preparation with 2000 - 3000 L of water for 1 - 2 h, and keep drip irrigating once every 8 - 10 days. Precisely apply water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and soil conditioner by drip irrigation to regulate the rhizosphere microecology, reduce the reproduction rate of Phytophthora, enhance the stress resistance of plant cells with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, reduce the infection window of pathogens, reduce the use of chemical pesticides throughout the process, and increase the soil heavy metal adsorption rate to achieve sustainable planting.

[0014] Step 9: After entering the flowering period, build adjustable-height and -width retractable guardrails on both sides of the ridge surface, and install sensors on the guardrails to detect the growth status of chili peppers and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time.

[0015] Preferably, in Step 1, the disinfectant for soaking chili peppers is selected from hypochlorous acid plant composite disinfectant, plant extract composite disinfectant and wood vinegar disinfectant, and the soaking time is 15 - 20 min.

[0016] Preferably, in Step 2, the three kinds of microbial powders are 1.5 - 2 g of Trichoderma harzianum powder, 60 - 100 g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder and 50 - 100 g of Bacillus licheniformis powder in sequence, and they are mixed in a ratio of 3:2:1. The total amount of the mixed microbial powder is 0.5% - 0.8% of the seed weight. The adhesive is made of a mixture of chitosan and starch.

[0017] Preferably, in step three, the material of the seedling-raising bag is biodegradable non-woven fabric, and the specification of the seedling-raising bag is 10 cm × 12 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step four, the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 25 - 30 °C, and a silver-black plastic film is attached to the surface of the planting soil in the greenhouse to control the temperature and inhibit bacteria.

[0019] Preferably, in step five, the organic fertilizer is selected from compost, cake fertilizer and plant ash. The ridge height is 25 - 30 cm, the ridge surface width is 90 - 110 cm, and the ditch width is preferably 50 - 60 cm. The plastic film selected is silver-gray plastic film and black-and-white two-color plastic film.

[0020] Preferably, in step five, the plant spacing of the pepper seedlings is controlled at 30 - 35 cm to ensure sufficient growth space for the plants, and the irrigation amount of the irrigation solution for each seedling is 200 - 300 ml.

[0021] Preferably, in step seven, the amino acid calcium fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and plant-derived antiviral agent are mixed according to a weight ratio of 10:0.1:1:0.3. The amino acid calcium fertilizer is 800 - 900 g, the brassinolide is 8 - 12 g, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 90 - 110 g, and the plant-derived antiviral agent is 30 - 50 g.

[0022] Preferably, in step eight, the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and soil conditioner are mixed according to a weight ratio of 10:1:0.8. The water-soluble fertilizer is 800 - 900 g, the Trichoderma longibrachiatum is 70 - 85 g, the soil conditioner is 60 - 70 g. The drip irrigation tape is 5 - 10 cm away from the stem base of the pepper seedlings, the buried depth of the drip irrigation tape in the soil is 2 - 5 cm below the ground surface, and the drip head spacing of the drip irrigation tape is 20 - 30 cm.

[0023] Preferably, in step nine, the degradable materials for the guardrail can be selected from polylactic acid materials, bamboo and hemp composite materials and wood-plastic composite materials, and the spacing of the guardrail erection is maintained at 1.5 m - 2.5 m.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper phytophthora has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. Treat the seeds by soaking them in gradient water temperature combined with a composite disinfectant (hypochlorous acid + plant extract + wood vinegar), which not only softens the seed coat and activates the resistance gene, but also effectively inactivates pathogens and reduces the residual amount. Use Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus licheniformis to synergistically coat the seeds to form multiple biological protection layers and reduce the seed bacteria rate. In the seedling stage, tea cake matrix is ​​used to inhibit Phytophthora, and degradable non-woven seedling bags are used to avoid root damage during transplanting, reduce the risk of pathogen infection, and improve seedling efficiency at the same time.

[0026] 2. By introducing basil and ryegrass, using basil volatile substances to interfere with the spread of Phytophthora, and ryegrass roots to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, the base number of pathogens in the field is reduced. Combined with root irrigation with Penicillium bilairum to induce resistance, foliar spraying of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and plant-derived antiviral agents, a three-level biological barrier of "soil-root system-foliage" is formed. The prevention effect is significantly improved compared with a single method. Silver-black mulch covering simultaneously controls temperature and inhibits bacteria, reduces field humidity, and destroys the high-humidity breeding environment of Phytophthora.

[0027] 3. Through the drip irrigation system, water-soluble fertilizers, long-branched Trichoderma and soil remediation agents are precisely applied to regulate the rhizosphere microecology, reduce the reproduction rate of Phytophthora, and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizers to enhance the stress resistance of plant cells and reduce the window of infection by pathogens. The use of chemical pesticides is reduced throughout the process, the adsorption rate of heavy metals in the soil is increased, and the pH value is optimized to 6.5-7.0 to achieve sustainable planting.

[0028] 4. The retractable guardrail is equipped with sensors to monitor temperature and humidity in real time, and an automatic warning will be issued when the humidity exceeds 85%. The drone can be used for precise spraying of fungicides (atomized particles <100μm), which can effectively improve the efficiency compared with manual spraying. Degradable materials (polylactic acid guardrails, non-woven bags) can avoid white pollution, achieving a win-win situation in ecological and economic value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] An ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper blight comprises the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Soak the pepper seeds in warm water at 40°C for 10 minutes. A short soak can achieve the effect of softening the seed coat. After soaking in warm water, place the pepper seeds in normal temperature water at 20°C and soak for 4 hours to ensure that the seeds absorb sufficient water. After the seeds have absorbed water, soak them in a disinfectant solution. After soaking and disinfecting, thoroughly rinse the seeds 2 times with clean water to remove the residual disinfectant. The disinfectant solution used for soaking the peppers is a hypochlorous acid plant composite disinfectant, a phytochemical composite disinfectant, or a pyroligneous acid disinfectant. The soaking time is 15 minutes. Soaking the seeds at a gradient water temperature (40°C → 20°C) and treating them with a composite disinfectant can not only soften the seed coat and activate resistance genes but also efficiently inactivate pathogenic bacteria, reducing the residue of pathogenic bacteria;

[0033] Step 2: Select three kinds of bacterial powders and put them into a grinder for grinding to fully mix the various bacterial powders. Put the evenly mixed bacterial powders and the disinfected pepper seeds into a drum coater for coating treatment. At the same time, add an adhesive to the drum coater to enhance the coating effect of the pepper seeds. The three kinds of bacterial powders are 1.5 g of Trichoderma harzianum bacterial powder, 60 g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial powder, and 50 g of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial powder, and they are mixed in a ratio of 3:2:1. The total amount of the mixed bacterial powder is 0.5% of the weight of the seeds. The adhesive is made of a mixture of chitosan and starch. The three bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus licheniformis, work together for coating to form a multiple biological protection layer and reduce the seed-borne bacteria rate;

[0034] Step 3: Put materials such as peat, furnace slag ash, and tea seed cake into a blender for stirring. The stirring speed of the blender for peat and furnace slag ash is 20 rpm, and the stirring speed of the blender for tea seed cake is 40 rpm. After stirring, mix the dispersed peat, furnace slag ash, and tea seed cake to make a substrate, and add 80 g of Bacillus subtilis to the substrate. The material of the seedling bag is biodegradable non-woven fabric, and the specification of the seedling bag is 10 cm × 12 cm. During the seedling stage, the tea seed cake substrate inhibits Phytophthora, and in combination with the biodegradable non-woven fabric seedling bag, it can avoid root damage during transplantation, reduce the risk of pathogen infection, and improve the seedling raising efficiency at the same time;

[0035] Step 4: After putting the substrate into the seedling bag, add one coated pepper seed to it. The seedling bag can complete emergence within 5 days when placed in a greenhouse. When the seedlings grow to 7 true leaves, they can be transplanted. The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 25°C, and a silver-black plastic film is attached to the surface of the planting soil in the greenhouse to control temperature and inhibit bacteria;

[0036] Step 5: Transplanting Select a plot with high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, and good drainage. Add 3000 - 4000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil to improve the soil structure. At the same time, apply 100 - 150 kg of calcium-silicon-potassium-magnesium fertilizer to supplement trace elements in the soil to increase the stress resistance of the plants. After fertilization, dig ditches and form ridges on the land, and evenly cover with plastic film. Make holes in the plastic film and then transplant pepper seedlings. After transplantation, use a watering solution made by mixing 10 g of Penicillium bilaiae with 10 L of water to water them. The organic fertilizer is selected from compost, cake fertilizer, and plant ash. The ridge height is 25 cm, the ridge surface width is 90 cm, and the ditch width is 50 cm, which is the most suitable. The plastic film is selected as silver-gray plastic film and black-and-white two-color plastic film. The plant spacing of pepper seedlings is controlled at 30 - 35 cm to ensure enough growth space for the plants. The watering amount of the watering solution for each seedling is 200 ml. The silver-black plastic film covering synchronously controls temperature and inhibits bacteria, reduces the field humidity, and destroys the high-humidity breeding environment of Phytophthora.

[0037] Step 6: After completing the plastic film covering, sow the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne in the ditch. The ratio of Ocimum basilicum seeds to Lolium perenne seeds is 1:1. The planting distance between the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne and the pepper seeds is kept at 30 cm. Then water the ditch to moisten the soil, ensuring that the water immersion depth of the soil is 1 cm to promote seed germination. Introduce the intercropping of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne. Use the volatile substances of Ocimum basilicum to interfere with the spread of Phytophthora, and the roots of Lolium perenne promote beneficial microorganisms to reduce the pathogen base number in the field.

[0038] Step 7: 5 days after transplanting the pepper seeds, put calcium amino acid fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant-derived antiviral agent into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Dilute the mixed microbial agent 500 times with water to obtain a spray preparation. Use a drone to spray the mixed preparation on the leaves of the seedlings at a rate of 30 liters per mu, and spray the mixed preparation once every 7 days for 3 consecutive days. The calcium amino acid fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant-derived antiviral agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 10:0.1:1:0.3. The calcium amino acid fertilizer is 800 g, the brassinolide is 8 g, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 90 g, and the plant-derived antiviral agent is 30 g. Penicillium bilaiae is used for root irrigation to induce resistance, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and plant-derived antiviral agent are sprayed on the leaves to form a "soil-root-leaf" three-level biological barrier to solve the problem of single control effect means.

[0039] Step 8: Put the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner into a mixer for uniform mixing, and dilute it 500 times with water to make a drip irrigation preparation. Then, bury a drip irrigation tape inside the soil next to the pepper seedlings, and use the drip irrigation tape to drip irrigate the prepared drip irrigation preparation with 2000 L of water for 1 h, and keep drip irrigating once every 8 days. The water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner are mixed according to a weight ratio of 10:1:0.8. The water-soluble fertilizer is 800 g, Trichoderma longibrachiatum is 70 g, and the soil conditioner is 60 g. The drip irrigation tape is 5 cm away from the stem base of the pepper seedlings, and the depth of the drip irrigation tape buried in the soil is 2 cm below the ground surface. The drip head spacing of the drip irrigation tape is 20 cm. Drip irrigate the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner precisely to regulate the rhizosphere microecology, reduce the reproduction rate of Phytophthora capsici, enhance the stress resistance of plant cells with calcium silicate potassium magnesium fertilizer, reduce the infection window of pathogens, reduce the use of chemical pesticides throughout the process, and increase the soil heavy metal adsorption rate to achieve sustainable planting;

[0040] Step 9: After entering the flowering stage, build adjustable-height and -width retractable guardrails on both sides of the ridge surface, and install sensors on the guardrails to detect the growth of peppers and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time. The degradable materials used for the guardrails can be selected from polylactic acid materials, bamboo and hemp composite materials, and wood-plastic composite materials. The spacing of the guardrails is kept at 1.5 m.

[0041] Example 2:

[0042] An ecological cultivation method for preventing pepper blight, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Soak the pepper seeds in warm water at 45 °C for 20 min. Short-term soaking can achieve the effect of softening the seed coat. After soaking in warm water, soak the pepper seeds in normal-temperature water at 22 °C for 6 h to ensure that the seeds absorb sufficient water. After the seeds absorb water, soak them in a disinfectant solution. After soaking and disinfection, thoroughly rinse the seeds with clean water 2 times to remove the residual disinfectant solution. The disinfectant solution for soaking peppers can be selected from hypochlorous acid plant composite disinfectant solution, plant extract composite disinfectant solution, and wood vinegar disinfectant solution. The soaking time is 18 min. Soaking the seeds with gradient water temperature (45 °C → 22 °C) combined with composite disinfectant treatment can not only soften the seed coat, activate resistance genes, but also inactivate pathogenic bacteria efficiently to reduce the residue amount of pathogenic bacteria;

[0044] Step 2: Select three kinds of bacterial powders and put them into a grinder for grinding treatment to fully mix the various bacterial powders. Then, put the evenly mixed bacterial powders and the disinfected pepper seeds into a drum coater for coating treatment. At the same time, add an adhesive into the drum coater to enhance the coating effect of the pepper seeds. The three kinds of bacterial powders are 1.8 g of Trichoderma harzianum bacterial powder, 80 g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial powder, and 80 g of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial powder, and they are mixed in a ratio of 3:2:1. The total amount of the mixed bacterial powder is 0.7% of the seed weight. The adhesive is made by mixing chitosan and starch. The three bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus licheniformis, work together for coating to form a multiple biological protection layer and reduce the seed-borne bacteria rate;

[0045] Step 3: Put materials such as peat, furnace slag ash, and tea seed cake into a mixer for stirring. The stirring speed of the mixer for peat and furnace slag ash is 30 rpm, and the stirring speed of the mixer for tea seed cake is 50 rpm. After stirring, mix the scattered peat, furnace slag ash, and tea seed cake to make a substrate, and add 100 g of Bacillus subtilis into the substrate. The material of the seedling bag is made of degradable non-woven fabric, and the specification of the seedling bag is 10 cm × 12 cm. During the seedling raising stage, the tea seed cake substrate inhibits Phytophthora, and it is combined with the degradable non-woven fabric seedling bag to avoid root injury during transplantation, reduce the risk of pathogen infection, and improve the seedling raising efficiency at the same time;

[0046] Step 4: After putting the substrate into the seedling bag, add a coated pepper seed into it. The seedling bag can complete emergence in the greenhouse within 6 days. When the seedlings grow to 8 true leaves, they can be transplanted. The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 28°C, and a silver-black plastic film is attached to the surface of the planting soil in the greenhouse to control temperature and inhibit bacteria;

[0047] Step 5: For transplantation, select a plot with high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, and good drainage. Add 3500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil to improve the soil structure, and at the same time apply 130 kg of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer to supplement trace elements in the soil to increase the stress resistance of the plants. After fertilization, open ditches and make ridges on the land, and evenly cover the plastic film. Make holes in the plastic film and then transplant the pepper seedlings. After transplantation, use a watering solution made by mixing 13 g of Penicillium bilaiae with 12 L of water to water them. The organic fertilizer is selected from compost, cake fertilizer, and plant ash. The ridge height is 28 cm, the ridge surface width is 100 cm, and the ditch width is 55 cm, which is the most suitable. The plastic film selected is silver-gray plastic film and black-white two-color plastic film. The plant spacing of the pepper seedlings is controlled at 33 cm to ensure enough growth space for the plants. The watering amount of the watering solution for each seedling is 250 ml. The silver-black plastic film covering synchronously controls temperature and inhibits bacteria, reduces the field humidity, and destroys the high-humidity breeding environment of Phytophthora;

[0048] Step 6: After completing the plastic film mulching, sow the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne in the ditch. The ratio of Ocimum basilicum seeds to Lolium perenne seeds is 1:1. The distance between the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne and the chili seeds is maintained at 40 cm. Then, irrigate the ditch to moisten the soil, ensuring that the water immersion depth of the soil is 1 cm to promote seed emergence. Introduce the intercropping of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne, use the volatile substances of Ocimum basilicum to interfere with the spread of Phytophthora, and the root system of Lolium perenne promotes beneficial microorganisms to reduce the pathogen base number in the field.

[0049] Step 7: Six days after transplanting the chili seeds, put calcium amino acid fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant-derived antiviral agent into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Dilute the mixed microbial agent 800 times with water to obtain a spray preparation. Use a drone to spray the mixed preparation on the leaves of the seedlings at a rate of 50 liters per mu and spray the mixed preparation once every 9 days for 3 consecutive days. The calcium amino acid fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant-derived antiviral agent are mixed according to a weight ratio of 10:0.1:1:0.3. The calcium amino acid fertilizer is 850 g, the brassinolide is 10 g, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 100 g, and the plant-derived antiviral agent is 40 g. Penicillium bilaiae is used for root irrigation to induce resistance, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and plant-derived antiviral agent are sprayed on the leaves to form a "soil-root-leaf" three-level biological barrier to solve the problem of single control means.

[0050] Step 8: Put water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner into a mixer for uniform mixing, and dilute it 700 times with water to make a drip irrigation preparation. Then, bury a drip irrigation tape inside the soil next to the chili seedlings, and use the drip irrigation tape to drip irrigate the prepared drip irrigation preparation plus 2500 L of water for 1 h, and keep drip irrigating once every 9 days. The water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner are mixed according to a weight ratio of 10:1:0.8. The water-soluble fertilizer is 850 g, the Trichoderma longibrachiatum is 80 g, and the soil conditioner is 65 g. The drip irrigation tape is 8 cm away from the stem base of the chili seedlings, and the depth of the drip irrigation tape buried in the soil is 3 cm below the ground surface. The drip head spacing of the drip irrigation tape is 25 cm. Drip irrigate the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner precisely to regulate the rhizosphere microecology, reduce the reproduction rate of Phytophthora, enhance the stress resistance of plant cells with calcium silicate potassium magnesium fertilizer, reduce the infection window of pathogens, reduce the use of chemical pesticides throughout the process, and increase the soil heavy metal adsorption rate to achieve sustainable planting.

[0051] Step 9: After entering the flowering stage, set up a telescopic guardrail with adjustable height and width on both sides of the ridge surface, and install sensors on the guardrail to detect the growth of chili peppers and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time. The degradable materials used for the guardrail can be selected from polylactic acid materials, bamboo and hemp composite materials, and wood-plastic composite materials. The spacing of the guardrail is maintained at 2 m.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Soak the pepper seeds in warm water at 50°C for 30 minutes. Short-term soaking can achieve the effect of softening the seed coat. After soaking in warm water, soak the pepper seeds in normal temperature water at 25°C for 8 hours to ensure that the seeds absorb sufficient water. After the seeds absorb water, soak them in a disinfectant solution. After soaking and disinfection, thoroughly rinse the seeds with clean water 3 times to remove the residual disinfectant solution. The disinfectant solution for soaking peppers is selected from hypochlorous acid plant composite disinfectant, phytocannabinoid composite disinfectant, and wood vinegar disinfectant. The soaking time is 20 minutes. Soaking the seeds with gradient water temperature (50°C → 25°C) combined with composite disinfectant treatment can not only soften the seed coat, activate resistance genes, but also efficiently inactivate pathogenic bacteria to reduce the residue of bacteria;

[0055] Step 2: Select three kinds of bacterial powders and put them into a grinder for grinding treatment to fully mix the various bacterial powders. Put the evenly mixed bacterial powders and the disinfected pepper seeds into a drum coater for coating treatment. At the same time, add an adhesive to the drum coater to enhance the coating effect of the pepper seeds. The three kinds of bacterial powders are 2g of Trichoderma harzianum bacterial powder, 100g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial powder, and 100g of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial powder in sequence, and they are mixed in a ratio of 3:2:1. The total amount of the mixed bacterial powder is 0.8% of the weight of the seeds. The adhesive is made of chitosan and starch. The three bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus licheniformis, cooperate for coating to form a multi-layer biological protection layer and reduce the bacteria-carrying rate of the seeds;

[0056] Step 3: Put materials such as peat, cinder ash, and tea seed cake into a mixer for stirring. The stirring speed of the mixer for peat and cinder ash is 40 rpm, and the stirring speed of the mixer for tea seed cake is 60 rpm. After stirring, mix the scattered peat, cinder ash, and tea seed cake to make a substrate, and add 120g of Bacillus subtilis to the substrate. The material of the seedling bag is biodegradable non-woven fabric, and the specification of the seedling bag is 10cm × 12cm. In the seedling raising stage, the tea seed cake substrate inhibits Phytophthora infestans, and in combination with the biodegradable non-woven fabric seedling bag, it can avoid root injury during transplantation, reduce the risk of bacteria infection, and improve the seedling raising efficiency at the same time;

[0057] Step 4: After putting the substrate into the seedling bag, add a coated pepper seed to it. The seedling bag can complete emergence in the greenhouse within 7 days. When the seedlings grow to 9 true leaves, they can be transplanted. The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 30°C, and a silver-black plastic film is attached to the surface of the planting soil in the greenhouse to control temperature and inhibit bacteria;

[0058] Step 5: Transplanting Select a plot with high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, and good drainage. Add 4000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil to improve the soil structure. At the same time, apply 150 kg of calcium-silicon-potassium-magnesium fertilizer to supplement trace elements in the soil to increase the stress resistance of the plants. After fertilization, open ditches and make ridges on the land, and evenly cover the plastic film. Make holes on the plastic film and then transplant pepper seedlings. After transplantation, use a watering solution made by mixing 15 g of Penicillium bilaiae with 15 L of water to water them. The organic fertilizer is selected from compost, cake fertilizer, and plant ash. The ridge height is 30 cm, the ridge surface width is 110 cm, and the ditch width is 60 cm, which is the most suitable. The plastic film is selected as silver-gray plastic film and black-and-white two-color plastic film. The plant spacing of pepper seedlings is controlled at 35 cm to ensure enough growth space for the plants. The watering amount of the watering solution for each seedling is 300 ml. The silver-black plastic film covering synchronously controls temperature and inhibits bacteria, reduces the humidity in the field, and destroys the high-humidity breeding environment of Phytophthora.

[0059] Step 6: After completing the plastic film covering, sow the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne in the ditch. The ratio of Ocimum basilicum seeds to Lolium perenne seeds is 1:1. The distance between the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne and the pepper seeds is kept at 50 cm. Then water the ditch to moisten the soil, ensuring that the water immersion depth of the soil is 2 cm to promote seed germination. Introduce the intercropping of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne. Use the volatile substances of Ocimum basilicum to interfere with the diffusion of Phytophthora, and the roots of Lolium perenne promote beneficial microorganisms to reduce the pathogen base number in the field.

[0060] Step 7: 7 days after transplanting the pepper seeds, put calcium amino acid fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant-derived antiviral agent into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Dilute the mixed microbial agent 1000 times with water to obtain a spray preparation. Use a drone to spray the mixed preparation on the leaves of the seedlings at a rate of 60 liters per mu, and spray the mixed preparation once every 10 days for 3 consecutive days. The calcium amino acid fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant-derived antiviral agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 10:0.1:1:0.3. The calcium amino acid fertilizer is 900 g, the brassinolide is 12 g, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 110 g, and the plant-derived antiviral agent is 50 g. Penicillium bilaiae is used for root irrigation to induce resistance, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and plant-derived antiviral agent are sprayed on the leaves to form a "soil-root-leaf" three-level biological barrier to solve the problem of single control effect means.

[0061] Step 8: Put the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner into a mixer for uniform mixing, and use water to dilute it 800 times to make a drip irrigation preparation. Then, bury a drip irrigation tape inside the soil beside the pepper seedlings, and use the drip irrigation tape to drip irrigate the prepared drip irrigation preparation with 3000 L of water for 2 hours, and keep drip irrigating once every 10 days. The water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner are mixed in a weight ratio of 10:1:0.8. The water-soluble fertilizer is 900 g, Trichoderma longibrachiatum is 85 g, and the soil conditioner is 70 g. The drip irrigation tape is 10 cm away from the stem base of the pepper seedlings, and the depth of the drip irrigation tape buried in the soil is 5 cm below the ground surface. The drip head spacing of the drip irrigation tape is 30 cm. Drip irrigate the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner precisely to regulate the rhizosphere microecology, reduce the reproduction rate of Phytophthora capsici, enhance the stress resistance of plant cells with calcium silicate potassium magnesium fertilizer, reduce the infection window of pathogens, reduce the use of chemical pesticides throughout the process, and increase the soil heavy metal adsorption rate to achieve sustainable planting;

[0062] Step 9: After entering the flowering stage, set up adjustable-height and -width retractable guardrails on both sides of the ridge surface, and install sensors on the guardrails to detect the growth status of peppers and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time. The degradable materials used for the guardrails can be selected from polylactic acid materials, bamboo and hemp composite materials, and wood-plastic composite materials. The spacing between the guardrails is kept at 2.5 m.

[0063] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora blight of peppers, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Soak the pepper seeds in warm water at 40 - 50 °C for 10 - 30 minutes. A short - time soak can achieve the effect of softening the seed coat. After soaking in warm water, put the pepper seeds into normal - temperature water at 20 - 25 °C and soak for 4 - 8 hours to ensure that the seeds absorb enough water. After the seeds absorb water, soak them in a disinfectant solution. After soaking and disinfecting, thoroughly rinse the seeds 2 - 3 times with clean water to remove the residual disinfectant solution; Step 2: Select three kinds of bacterial powders and put them into a grinder for grinding treatment to fully mix the various bacterial powders. Put the evenly - mixed bacterial powders and the disinfected pepper seeds into the internal part of a drum coater for coating treatment. At the same time, add an adhesive into the drum coater to enhance the coating effect of the pepper seeds; Step 3: Put materials such as peat, cinder ash, and tea seed cake into a mixer for stirring. The stirring speed of the mixer for peat and cinder ash is 20 - 40 rpm, and the stirring speed of the mixer for tea seed cake is 40 - 60 rpm. After stirring, mix the scattered peat, cinder ash, and tea seed cake to make a substrate, and add 80 - 120 g of Bacillus subtilis into the substrate; Step 4: Put the substrate into a seedling - raising bag and then add a coated pepper seed into it. The seedling - raising bag can complete emergence within 5 - 7 days when placed in a greenhouse. When the seedlings grow to 7 - 9 true leaves, they can be transplanted; Step 5: For transplantation, select a plot with high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, and good drainage. Add 3000 - 4000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil to improve the soil structure. At the same time, apply 100 - 150 kg of calcium - silicon - potassium - magnesium fertilizer to supplement trace elements in the soil to increase the stress resistance of the plants. After fertilization, open ditches and make ridges on the land, and evenly cover the plastic film. Make holes on the plastic film and then transplant the pepper seedlings. After transplantation, mix 10 - 15 g of Penicillium bilaiae with 10 - 15 L of water to make an irrigation solution and irrigate the seedlings; Step 6: After completing the plastic - film covering, sow the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne in the ditch. The ratio of Ocimum basilicum seeds to Lolium perenne seeds is 1:

1. Keep the planting distance between the seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Lolium perenne and the pepper seeds at 30 - 50 cm. Then irrigate the ditch to moisten the soil, ensuring that the water - immersion depth of the soil is 1 - 2 cm to promote seed emergence; Step 7: 5 - 7 days after transplanting the pepper seeds, put calcium amino acid fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant - derived antiviral agent into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Dilute the mixed microbial agent 500 - 1000 times with water to obtain a spray preparation. Use a drone to spray the mixed preparation on the leaf surfaces of the seedlings at a rate of 30 - 60 liters per mu, and spray the mixed preparation once every 7 - 10 days for 3 consecutive days; Step 8: Put the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner into a mixer for uniform mixing, and dilute them 500 - 800 times with water to make a drip irrigation preparation. Then, bury a drip irrigation tape inside the soil next to the pepper seedlings, and use the drip irrigation tape to drip irrigate the prepared drip irrigation preparation with 2000 - 3000 L of water for 1 - 2 h, and keep drip irrigating once every 8 - 10 days. Step 9: After entering the flowering stage, set up adjustable-height and -width retractable guardrails on both sides of the ridge surface, and install sensors on the guardrails to detect the growth conditions of peppers and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity in real time.

2. The ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, wherein: In Step 1, the disinfectant solution for soaking peppers is selected from hypochlorous acid plant composite disinfectant solution, phytocannabinoid composite disinfectant solution, and wood vinegar disinfectant solution, and the soaking time is 15 - 20 min.

3. The ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, wherein: In Step 2, the three kinds of bacterial powders are 1.5 - 2 g of Trichoderma harzianum bacterial powder, 60 - 100 g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial powder, and 50 - 100 g of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial powder in sequence, and they are mixed in a ratio of 3:2:

1. The total dosage of the mixed bacterial powder is 0.5% - 0.8% of the seed weight. The adhesive is made of a mixture of chitosan and starch.

4. An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 3, the material of the seedling bag is selected as degradable non-woven fabric, and the specification of the seedling bag is 10 cm × 12 cm.

5. An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 4, the temperature inside the greenhouse is kept at 25 - 30 °C, and a silver-black plastic film is attached to the surface of the planting soil inside the greenhouse to control the temperature and inhibit bacteria.

6. The ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 5, the organic fertilizer is selected from compost, cake fertilizer, and plant ash. The ridge height is 25 - 30 cm, the ridge surface width is 90 - 110 cm, and the ditch width is preferably 50 - 60 cm. The plastic film selected is silver-gray plastic film and black-and-white two-color plastic film.

7. An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 5, the plant spacing of the pepper seedlings is controlled at 30 - 35 cm to ensure sufficient growth space for the plants, and the watering amount of the watering solution for each seedling is 200 - 300 ml.

8. An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora blight of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 7, the amino acid calcium fertilizer, brassinolide, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and plant-derived antiviral agent are mixed in a weight ratio of 10:0.1:1:0.

3. The amino acid calcium fertilizer is 800 - 900 g, the brassinolide is 8 - 12 g, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 90 - 110 g, and the plant-derived antiviral agent is 30 - 50 g.

9. An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 8, the water-soluble fertilizer, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and soil conditioner are mixed in a weight ratio of 10:1:0.

8. The water-soluble fertilizer is 800 - 900 g, the Trichoderma longibrachiatum is 70 - 85 g, and the soil conditioner is 60 - 70 g. The drip irrigation tape is 5 - 10 cm away from the stem base of the pepper seedlings. The depth of the drip irrigation tape buried in the soil is 2 - 5 cm below the ground surface, and the drip head spacing of the drip irrigation tape is 20 - 30 cm.

10. An ecological cultivation method for preventing Phytophthora capsici according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 9, the degradable materials that can be used for the guardrails are selected from polylactic acid materials, bamboo and hemp composite materials, and wood-plastic composite materials, and the spacing of the guardrails is kept at 1.5 m - 2.5 m.