Grain and tobacco integrated fertilizer-saving, quality-improving and efficiency-improving method

Abstract

The invention discloses a grain-tobacco integrated fertilizer-saving, quality-improving and efficiency-improving method, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting.By means of the grain-tobacco integrated fertilizer-saving, quality-improving and efficiency-improving method, the soil fertility can be effectively improved, the fertilizing amount of two-season crops is synchronously reduced, the conventional chemical fertilizer dosage is reduced by 20%-30% when the recommended fertilizing amount of rice is reduced, and the yield of the rice is increased. The application amount of the chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 10%-15% on the basis of the specified recommended fertilization amount of the flue-cured tobacco, and the yield of the rice and the flue-cured tobacco is stable or slightly increased on the basis of losing weight. The characteristics that straw and green manure have high carbon and nitrogen collecting capacity are utilized, farmland waste is reasonably recycled, diseases and insect pests of flue-cured tobacco are obviously reduced, the quality of tobacco leaves is improved, the purpose of improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural products is synchronously achieved, and the economic and ecological value is also improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a method for integrated grain and tobacco production with fertilizer saving, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement. Background Art

[0002] In the field of tobacco planting, tobacco is a crop that avoids continuous cropping. Long-term continuous cropping of tobacco will cause a series of serious problems, such as deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, aggravation of pests and diseases, and imbalance of microbial communities, which greatly restricts the healthy growth and sustainable development of tobacco.

[0003] To alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of tobacco, the tobacco-rice rotation mode is mainly adopted in tobacco-growing areas. However, in the actual production process, the high-intensity soil utilization and unreasonable management methods have caused new soil problems in the tobacco-rice rotation areas. On the one hand, based on the tobacco-rice planting mode, soil degradation phenomena such as soil compaction, acidification, and fertility loss have occurred in the soil of the rotation tobacco-rice areas, which seriously affect the ecological function and production capacity of the soil. On the other hand, the single tobacco-rice multiple cropping production method leads to nutritional disorders of tobacco plants, frequent and serious occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and then has an adverse impact on the yield and quality of rice and tobacco leaves, becoming a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of tobacco leaf and rice production.

[0004] In addition, in the tobacco-rice rotation production, the large amount of chemical fertilizer application is also an urgent problem to be solved. The large amount of chemical fertilizer application has caused large-area non-point source pollution in tobacco fields, and at the same time has led to excessive nitrogen content and relative deficiency of phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil, low utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, while the grain and tobacco yields have not increased synchronously with the chemical fertilizer input. This not only increases the production cost, but also poses a potential threat to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore a planting management method that can effectively improve the soil quality of tobacco-rice rotation, increase the yield and quality of grain and tobacco, and reduce chemical fertilizer pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for integrated grain and tobacco production with fertilizer saving, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement.

[0006] A method for integrated grain and tobacco production with fertilizer saving, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement uses the production mode of leaving tobacco-rice fields fallow in winter, introduces winter green manure of biennial legumes, and configures a rotation mode of grain-cash crop-fertilizer.

[0007] Further, the specific operation of the rotation mode of grain-cash crop-fertilizer is as follows: plant flue-cured tobacco from January to June in the first year, rotate and plant rice from July to November, harvest the rice in the way of leaving high stubble, interplant biennial leguminous winter green manure under the rice stubble from November of the current year to April of the next year, return the rice stubble and the leguminous winter green manure to the field synergistically during the full-bloom period of the leguminous winter green manure, plant rice from July to November of the next year, and after harvesting the rice, plant flue-cured tobacco again in January of the third year.

[0008] Further, when growing flue-cured tobacco, based on the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 10-15%; when growing rice, based on the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 20-30%.

[0009] Furthermore, when growing flue-cured tobacco, based on the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 10%; when growing rice, based on the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 20%.

[0010] Further, the synergistic returning of the rice stubble and the leguminous winter green manure to the field is as follows: calculated by dry hay, the rice stubble is returned to the field at 200-350 kg / mu, and calculated by fresh grass, the leguminous winter green manure is returned to the field at 1500-2000 kg / mu.

[0011] Further, the leguminous winter green manure includes one or more of milk vetch, common vetch, and Chinese milk vetch.

[0012] Furthermore, when growing the milk vetch, the seed amount is 1-1.5 kg / mu; when growing the common vetch, the seed amount is 3-4 kg / mu; when growing the Chinese milk vetch, the seed amount is 3-4 kg / mu.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0014] The method for integrated grain and tobacco production with fertilizer saving and quality improvement and efficiency increase provided by the present invention can effectively improve soil fertility, simultaneously reduce the fertilization amount of two crops. For rice, the conventional chemical fertilizer amount is reduced by 20%-30% of the recommended fertilization amount, and for flue-cured tobacco, the chemical fertilizer application amount can be reduced by 10%-15% based on the specified recommended fertilization amount. On the basis of fertilizer reduction, the yields of rice and flue-cured tobacco are stable or slightly increased. Utilizing the characteristics that straw and green manure have strong carbon and nitrogen accumulation capabilities, the agricultural waste is reasonably recycled. The occurrence of diseases and pests of flue-cured tobacco is significantly reduced, and the quality of tobacco leaves is improved. The purpose of improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural products is simultaneously achieved, and the economic and ecological values are also enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the following described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the grain-economic-fertilizer rotation mode in the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0018] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the said documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0020] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the present invention specification are obvious to those skilled in the art. The present invention specification and examples are only exemplary.

[0021] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0022] In the embodiment of the present invention, the planting method of flue-cured tobacco is seedling raising and transplanting, and the number of plants per mu is 1000 - 1300 plants.

[0023] In the embodiment of the present invention, the planting method of rice is seedling raising and transplanting, and the planting density is 20 - 25 cm / plant.

[0024] In the embodiment of the present invention, rice is sown in summer and harvested in autumn, and the rice variety is Zhongzheyou 8.

[0025] When planting flue-cured tobacco, a fertilization method combining basal fertilizer with top dressing, dry application with watering application, and inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer is adopted. The basal fertilizer should account for 60% - 80%, and the top dressing should account for 20% - 40%. N:P2O5:K2O = 1:(0.7 - 0.8):(2 - 3). The conventional fertilization amount is: for basal fertilizer, apply 50 kg / acre of cake fertilizer, 12.5 kg / acre of magnesium hydroxide, 15 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5 kg / acre of borax, and 25 kg / acre of special fertilizer (obtainable by purchasing in the market); for the first top dressing (watering application), apply 1 kg / acre of special fertilizer; for the second top dressing (dry application), apply 6 kg / acre of special fertilizer, 13 kg / acre of potassium nitrate, and 16 kg / acre of potassium sulfate.

[0026] When planting rice, the chemical fertilizers applied are urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride. Among them, 60% is applied as basal fertilizer and 40% is applied as tillering fertilizer. N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.4:0.7. The conventional fertilization amount is: urea: 18 kg - 21 kg / acre, superphosphate: 30 kg - 33 kg / acre, and potassium chloride 11 kg - 12 kg / acre.

[0027] The present invention selects Luanfeng Village in Guangze County for planting experiments. Before sowing, the soil organic matter of this experimental base is 35.49 g / kg, the available nitrogen is 147.21 mg / kg, the available phosphorus is 49.32 mg / kg, and the available potassium is 179.2 mg / kg.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Flue-cured tobacco was planted in January 2017, and fertilization was carried out before transplanting, 20 days after transplanting, and before the rosette stage. The fertilization amount was 45 kg / acre of cake fertilizer, 11.25 kg / acre of magnesium hydroxide, 13.5 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.45 kg / acre of borax, and 22.5 kg / acre of special fertilizer as basal fertilizer; 0.9 kg / acre of special fertilizer was applied for the first topdressing (by watering); 5.4 kg / acre of special fertilizer, 11.7 kg / acre of potassium nitrate, and 14.4 kg / acre of potassium sulfate (equivalent to 90% of the conventional fertilization amount) were applied for the second topdressing (by dry application). Rice was sown in July of the same year, and fertilization was carried out before transplanting and during the tillering stage. The fertilization amount was 16 kg / acre of urea, 24 kg / acre of superphosphate, and 9 kg / acre of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). Rice was harvested in November of the same year, and high-stubble harvesting was adopted. The rest of the field management was carried out according to the conventional method. Chinese milk vetch was intercropped 20 days before rice harvesting (the seeding rate was 1.5 kg / acre). In April of the following year (2018), Chinese milk vetch in the full-bloom stage and rice stubble were returned to the field together. Among them, calculated by dry grass, 350 kg / acre of rice stubble was returned to the field, and calculated by fresh grass, 1500 kg / acre of Chinese milk vetch was returned to the field. Rice was sown in July of the following year (2018), and fertilization was carried out before transplanting and during the tillering stage. The fertilization amount was 16 kg of urea, 24 kg of superphosphate, and 8.8 kg / acre of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). Rice was harvested in November. Flue-cured tobacco was planted in January of the third year (2019), and fertilization was carried out before transplanting, 20 days after transplanting, and before the rosette stage. The basal fertilizer was 45 kg / acre of cake fertilizer, 11.25 kg / acre of magnesium hydroxide, 13.5 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.45 kg / acre of borax, and 22.5 kg / acre of special fertilizer; 0.9 kg / acre of special fertilizer was applied for the first topdressing (by watering); 5.4 kg / acre of special fertilizer, 11.7 kg / acre of potassium nitrate, and 14.4 kg / acre of potassium sulfate (equivalent to 90% of the conventional fertilization amount) were applied for the second topdressing (by dry application). Flue-cured tobacco was harvested in June of the third year (2019).

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the grain - cash crop - fertilizer rotation model in this embodiment.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] Same as Example 1, the difference is only that the fertilization amount of flue-cured tobacco is 42.5 kg / acre of cake fertilizer, 10.63 kg / acre of magnesium hydroxide, 12.75 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.425 kg / acre of borax, and 21.25 kg / acre of special fertilizer as basal fertilizer; 0.85 kg / acre of special fertilizer was applied for the first topdressing (by watering); 5.1 kg / acre of special fertilizer, 11.05 kg / acre of potassium nitrate, and 13.6 kg / acre of potassium sulfate were applied for the second topdressing (by dry application). (Equivalent to 85% of the conventional fertilization amount).

[0033] Example 3

[0034] Same as Example 1, except that the fertilization amount for rice is 14 kg / acre of urea, 21 kg / acre of superphosphate, and 7.7 kg / acre of potassium chloride (equivalent to 70% of the conventional fertilization amount).

[0035] Example 4

[0036] Same as Example 1, except that milk vetch is replaced by common vetch, and the seeding rate is 3 kg / acre.

[0037] Example 5

[0038] Same as Example 1, except that milk vetch is replaced by purple sericea lespedeza, and the seeding rate is 3 kg / acre.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] In this comparative example, no biennial leguminous winter green manure is introduced, and no rice stubble is returned to the field. Fertilization is carried out at 100% of the conventional dosage. The specific planting method is as follows:

[0041] Flue-cured tobacco was planted in January 2017, and fertilization was carried out before transplanting, 20 days after transplanting, and before the rosette stage. Fertilization was completed according to the conventional fertilization amount (the fertilization amount is 50 kg / acre of cake fertilizer, 12.5 kg / acre of magnesium hydroxide, 15 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5 kg / acre of borax, and 25 kg / acre of special fertilizer for the base fertilizer; 1 kg / acre of special fertilizer for the first topdressing (watering); 6 kg / acre of special fertilizer, 13 kg / acre of potassium nitrate, and 16 kg / acre of potassium sulfate for the second topdressing (dry application)). Flue-cured tobacco was harvested in June of the same year. The rest of the field management was carried out according to the conventional method. Rice was planted in July of the same year. Fertilization was completed according to the conventional fertilization amount (the fertilization amount is 20 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 11 kg / acre of potassium chloride). Rice was harvested in November of the same year. The rest of the field management was carried out according to the conventional method. After harvesting rice in the same year, no crops were planted in winter. Rice was planted in July of the following year. Fertilization was completed according to the conventional fertilization amount (the fertilization amount is 20 kg / acre of urea, 30 kg / acre of superphosphate, and 11 kg / acre of potassium chloride). The rest of the field management was carried out according to the conventional method. Rice was harvested in November of the same year.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] In this comparative example, no biennial leguminous winter green manure is introduced. The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the fertilization amount is equivalent to 80% of the conventional dosage. The specific planting method is as follows:

[0044] Flue-cured tobacco was planted in January 2017, and fertilization was carried out before transplanting, 20 days after transplanting, and before rosetting. The fertilization amount was 40 kg / mu of cake fertilizer, 10 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, 12 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.4 kg / mu of borax, and 20 kg / mu of special fertilizer as base fertilizer; 0.8 kg / mu of special fertilizer was applied for the first topdressing (by watering); 4.8 kg / mu of special fertilizer, 10.4 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, and 12.8 kg / mu of potassium sulfate (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount) were applied for the second topdressing (by dry application). The flue-cured tobacco was harvested in June of the same year, and the rest of the field management was carried out according to the conventional method. Rice was planted in July of the same year, and fertilization was carried out before transplanting and at the tillering stage. The fertilization amount was 16 kg / mu of urea, 24 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 8.8 kg / mu of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). The rice was harvested in November of the same year, and the rest of the field management was carried out according to the conventional method. After harvesting the rice in the same year, no crops were planted in winter. Rice was sown in June of the following year, and fertilization was carried out before transplanting and during the tillering stage. The fertilization amount was 16 kg / mu of urea, 24 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 8.8 kg / mu of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). The rice was harvested in November of the same year, and the rest of the field management was carried out according to the conventional method.

[0045] Comparative Example 3

[0046] Same as Example 1, except that the fertilization amount of flue-cured tobacco was 50 kg / mu of cake fertilizer, 12.5 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, 15 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5 kg / mu of borax, and 25 kg / mu of special fertilizer as base fertilizer; 1 kg / mu of special fertilizer was applied for the first topdressing (by watering); 6 kg / mu of special fertilizer, 13 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, and 16 kg / mu of potassium sulfate (equivalent to 100% of the conventional fertilization amount) were applied for the second topdressing (by dry application). The fertilization amount of rice was 20 kg / mu of urea, 30 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 11 kg / mu of potassium chloride (equivalent to 100% of the conventional fertilization amount).

[0047] Comparative Example 4

[0048] Same as Example 1, except that the fertilization amount of flue-cured tobacco was 50 kg / mu of cake fertilizer, 12.5 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, 15 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.5 kg / mu of borax, and 25 kg / mu of special fertilizer as base fertilizer; 1 kg / mu of special fertilizer was applied for the first topdressing (by watering); 6 kg / mu of special fertilizer, 13 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, and 16 kg / mu of potassium sulfate (equivalent to 100% of the conventional fertilization amount). The fertilization amount of rice was 16 kg / mu of urea, 24 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 8.8 kg / mu of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount).

[0049] Comparative Example 5

[0050] Same as Example 1, except that the fertilization amount for flue-cured tobacco is as follows: for basal fertilizer, 40 kg / mu of cake fertilizer, 10 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, 12 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.4 kg / mu of borax, and 20 kg / mu of special fertilizer; for the first topdressing (applied by irrigation), 0.8 kg / mu of special fertilizer; for the second topdressing (applied dry), 4.8 kg / mu of special fertilizer, 10.4 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, and 12.8 kg / mu of potassium sulfate (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). The fertilization amount for rice is 16 kg / mu of urea, 24 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 8.8 kg / mu of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount).

[0051] Comparative Example 6

[0052] Same as Comparative Example 5, except that rice is harvested in November of the same year and the rice stubble is not retained. The specific planting method is as follows:

[0053] Flue-cured tobacco is planted in January 2017, and fertilization is carried out before transplanting, about 20 days after transplanting, and before the rosette stage. The fertilization amount for basal fertilizer is 40 kg / mu of cake fertilizer, 10 kg / mu of magnesium hydroxide, 12 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.4 kg / mu of borax, and 20 kg / mu of special fertilizer; for the first topdressing (applied by irrigation), 0.8 kg / mu of special fertilizer; for the second topdressing (applied dry), 4.8 kg / mu of special fertilizer, 10.4 kg / mu of potassium nitrate, and 12.8 kg / mu of potassium sulfate (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). Flue-cured tobacco is harvested in June of the same year, and the rest of the field management is carried out according to the conventional method. Rice is planted in July of the same year, and fertilization is carried out before transplanting and at the tillering stage. The fertilization amount is 16 kg / mu of urea, 24 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 8.8 kg / mu of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). Rice is harvested in November of the same year, and the rice stubble is not retained. The rest of the field management is carried out according to the conventional method. After harvesting rice in the same year, Chinese milk vetch is planted (sowing rate is 1.5 kg / mu). In April of the next year, the mature Chinese milk vetch is returned to the field at 1500 kg / mu. Rice is sown in June of the next year, and fertilization is carried out before transplanting and during the tillering stage. The fertilization amount is 16 kg / mu of urea, 24 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 8.8 kg / mu of potassium chloride (equivalent to 80% of the conventional fertilization amount). Rice is harvested in November of the same year.

[0054] Investigate the effects of planting green manure in Example 1 and Examples 4 - 5 on the soil nutrient content. The investigation results are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057] As can be seen from Table 1: By using the production mode of leaving tobacco paddy fields fallow in winter, introducing winter green manure of biennial legumes, and configuring the rotation mode of grain - cash crop - green manure, the soil organic matter increased by 7.50% - 15.64%, the available nitrogen increased by 10.73% - 20.92%, the available phosphorus increased by 26.54% - 37.37%, and the available potassium increased by 22.19% - 39.15%.

[0058] Taking Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 as examples, the effects of the conventional planting method (Comparative Example 1) and green manure rotation (Example 1) on the quality of tobacco leaves were investigated. The investigation results are shown in Table 2 for the sensory evaluation (score) of the quality of tobacco leaves treated by turning under green manure. The scoring criteria for each item are as follows: aroma quality, aroma quantity, foreign odor, and irritation are scored from 8 - 10 points, aftertaste is scored from 6 - 10 points, and body, concentration, dryness, fineness, roundness, sweetness, and aftertaste are scored from 4 - 10 points.

[0059] Table 2

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] As can be seen from Table 2: Rotating and planting winter green manure in tobacco paddy fields can significantly improve the quality of the upper leaves (B2F), including aroma quality, aroma quantity, foreign odor, fineness, and roundness, and can improve the irritation, dryness, aroma, and aftertaste of the middle leaves (C3F).

[0063] Taking Example 1 (green manure rotation) and Comparative Example 1 (no green manure planted) as examples, the influence of turning under green manure on tobacco leaf diseases was investigated. The investigation results are shown in Table 3 for the investigation results of the influence of turning under green manure on tobacco leaf diseases.

[0064] Table 3

[0065]

[0066] As can be seen from Table 3: After rotating green manure, the disease incidence index of soil - borne diseases in tobacco fields decreased by more than 60%, the incidence of mosaic disease decreased by 7.2%, the disease index decreased by 0.048, the incidence of bacterial wilt decreased by 12.4%, and the disease index decreased by 0.067.

[0067] The effects of different treatment groups on rice yield are shown in Table 4, where the yield of paddy is the yield of paddy planted in 2018, and the increase in production (%) is calculated based on the original yield of Comparative Example 1.

[0068] Table 4

[0069] Treatment <![CDATA[Paddy yield (t / hm -2 )]]> Yield increase (%) Example 1 9.58 4.59 Example 3 9.23 0.76 Comparative Example 1 9.16 - Comparative Example 2 8.87 - Comparative Example 5 9.60 4.80 Comparative Example 6 9.27 1.20

[0070] The impact of reducing chemical fertilizer application after turning under green manure and rice straw on the yield of flue-cured tobacco is shown in Table 5. Among them, the increase in production (%) is calculated based on the original yield of Comparative Example 3, and the yield in Table 5 is the yield of flue-cured tobacco planted in 2019.

[0071] Table 5

[0072] Treatment kg / mu Yield increase % Example 1 142.9 1.78 Example 2 142.3 1.35 Comparative Example 1 142.6 1.57 Comparative Example 2 140.5 0.07 Comparative Example 3 140.4 - Comparative Example 4 141.2 0.57 Comparative Example 5 132.2 - Comparative Example 6 131.9 -

[0073] It can be seen from Table 4 and Table 5 that on the basis of reducing fertilizer, the yield of rice can be increased by 4.8%, and the yield of tobacco leaves is the same as that of conventional fertilization.

[0074] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for integrated grain and tobacco production to save fertilizer and improve quality and efficiency, characterized in that, Utilize the production mode of fallow tobacco paddy fields in winter, introduce biennial leguminous winter green manure, and configure a rotation mode of grain - cash crop - fertilizer.

2. The method for integrated grain and tobacco production to save fertilizer and improve quality and efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation of the rotation mode of grain - cash crop - fertilizer is as follows: Flue - cured tobacco is planted from January to June in the first year, rice is rotationally planted from July to November, and the rice is harvested by leaving high stubble. From November of the current year to April of the next year, biennial leguminous winter green manure is interplanted under the rice stubble. When the leguminous winter green manure is in full bloom, the rice stubble and the leguminous winter green manure are jointly returned to the field. Rice is planted from July to November of the next year. After harvesting the rice, flue - cured tobacco is planted again in January of the third year.

3. The method for integrated grain and tobacco production with fertilizer reduction, quality improvement and efficiency increase according to claim 2, wherein When planting flue - cured tobacco, calculated by the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 10 - 15%; when planting rice, calculated by the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 20 - 30%.

4. The method for integrated grain and tobacco production with fertilizer reduction, quality improvement and efficiency increase according to claim 3, characterized in that, When planting flue - cured tobacco, calculated by the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 10%; when planting rice, calculated by the conventional fertilization amount, the fertilization amount is reduced by 20%.

5. The method for integrated grain and tobacco production with fertilizer reduction, quality improvement and efficiency increase according to claim 2, characterized in that, The joint return of the rice stubble and the leguminous winter green manure to the field means that, calculated by dry grass, the rice stubble is returned to the field at 200 - 350 kg / mu, and calculated by fresh grass, the leguminous winter green manure is returned to the field at 1500 - 2000 kg / mu.

6. The method for integrated grain and tobacco production to save fertilizer and improve quality and efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that The leguminous winter green manure includes one or more of milk vetch, common vetch, and Chinese milk vetch.

7. The method for integrated grain and tobacco production to save fertilizer and improve quality and efficiency according to claim 6, characterized in that, When planting the milk vetch, the seed consumption is 1 - 1.5 kg / mu; when planting the common vetch, the seed consumption is 3 - 4 kg / mu; when planting the Chinese milk vetch, the seed consumption is 3 - 4 kg / mu.

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