Large FDM printer and working method thereof

Abstract

The large FDM printer structurally comprises a printing unit, a transposition unit and a discharging unit, the printing unit comprises a main frame, a printing platform is arranged in the main frame, the printing platform is connected with a first driving assembly used for controlling the printing platform to slide up and down in the inner diameter of the main frame, and an extrusion unit is further arranged at the top of the main frame; a second driving assembly used for controlling the extrusion unit base to move in the x axis or the y axis is further arranged in the main frame, a fixing assembly used for fixing a printing plate and a lifting assembly used for lifting the printing plate are arranged on the printing platform, and the transposition unit comprises an assembly bottom plate fixedly installed between the main frame and the machine base. A sliding vertical frame is arranged on the assembling bottom plate in a sliding mode, a clamping mechanism used for clamping the printing platform and driving the printing platform to rotate and change positions is arranged on the sliding vertical frame, and a cooling device is arranged on one side of the position changing unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, and more specifically, to a large FDM printer and its working method. Background Art

[0002] Fused Deposition Manufacturing (FDM), as an important branch of 3D printing technology, uses thermoplastic materials (such as ABS, PLA, etc.) as raw materials to construct solid models through a unique process. Specifically, under the frictional force of the feeding wheel and the driven wheel, the material is accurately conveyed to the nozzle through the consumable guiding tube; the resistance wire heater at the front end of the nozzle heats and melts the material and then extrudes it, coating it on the working platform to form a single-layer cross-section. Subsequently, the working platform descends by a layer thickness distance, and the nozzle continuously repeats this process until the printing of the entire solid model is completed.

[0003] However, in the actual application of current 3D printing technology, especially for large FDM printers, there are still significant technical bottlenecks in the unloading link. Most existing devices rely on manual unloading after printing. Since the model is tightly bonded to the printing platform during the printing process, operators need to spend a lot of time and energy on the separation operation. This is not only inefficient, but also extremely easy to cause damage or deformation of the model due to improper force during the disassembly process, which cannot meet the requirements of industrial mass production for efficient and stable unloading. At the same time, the manual unloading method is difficult to effectively connect with the automated production process, restricting the further promotion and application of 3D printing technology in the field of large-scale manufacturing. In addition, the lack of effective auxiliary unloading structures and automated unloading mechanisms makes it difficult to ensure the safety and reliability during the unloading process, increasing the potential risks and cost inputs in the production process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a large FDM printer and its working method to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a large FDM printer, including a printing unit, a transposition unit, and a discharging unit. The printing unit includes a main frame, and a printing platform is arranged inside the main frame. The printing platform is connected to a first driving assembly for controlling its radial up-and-down sliding inside the main frame. An extrusion unit is further arranged at the top of the main frame. A second driving assembly for controlling the movement of the extrusion unit along the x-axis or y-axis is also arranged inside the main frame. A fixing assembly for fixing the printing plate and a lifting assembly for lifting the printing plate are arranged on the printing platform. The discharging unit includes a machine base, and a movable base is arranged on the top surface of the machine base, and a material shoveling unit is arranged on the top surface of the movable base. A limiting mechanism for placing the printing plate and limiting the printing plate is also arranged on the top surface of the machine base on one side of the material shoveling unit. The transposition unit includes an assembly bottom plate fixedly installed between the main frame and the machine base. A sliding vertical frame is slidably arranged on the assembly bottom plate. A clamping mechanism for clamping the printing platform and driving the printing platform to rotate and transpose is arranged on the sliding vertical frame. A cooling device is arranged on one side of the transposition unit. The transposition unit controls the printing platform to transpose to pass through a cooling unit before reaching the discharging unit. The cooling unit is used for cooling the printed product.

[0006] The present invention is further arranged as follows: two first slide rails are correspondingly arranged on the assembly bottom plate. Four corners of the bottom of the sliding vertical frame are distributed with first sliders adapted to the two first slide rails. A rotating tabletop is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the sliding vertical frame. The clamping mechanism includes two supporting rods correspondingly arranged on the rotating tabletop. A fixed base plate is jointly installed at the left and right ends of the two supporting rods. Two assembly seats are correspondingly installed on the outer side of the top surface of the fixed base plate, and clamping jaws are installed on the assembly seats. A first power source for driving the two clamping jaws to clamp or loosen is also installed on the top surface of the fixed base plate.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: Two cylinder barrels are correspondingly installed on the top surface of the assembly bottom plate. An active plug is disposed inside the cylinder barrel, which divides the cylinder barrel into two cavities. The active plug includes a rod portion and a plug head portion. A guiding hole penetrating the rod portion is formed at the center of the plug head portion. A cooperating sliding rod is slidably disposed in the guiding hole. A plurality of first cooperating holes for the two cavities to communicate with each other are formed on the plug head portion. The first cooperating holes are distributed along the axial direction of the plug head portion and are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the central axis. Guiding seats are fixedly installed at the corresponding positions of the two groups of first cooperating holes on the plug head portion. The guiding seats are provided with a plurality of second cooperating holes adapted to the respective first cooperating holes. A dynamic adjustment plate is slidably disposed outside the guiding seat, and the dynamic adjustment plate is provided with a third cooperating hole adapted to the first cooperating hole and the second cooperating hole. Linking arms are rotatably connected to one ends of the two dynamic adjustment plates close to the guiding hole, and the other ends of the two linking arms are rotatably connected to the inner end of the sliding rod. Two extension plates are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the sliding vertical frame, and a vertical plate is connected to the outer ends of the extension plates. The end of the cooperating sliding rod facing away from the linking arm is fixedly connected to the vertical plate. A limiting abutting ring is formed on the outer circumference of the end of the rod portion of the active plug facing away from the plug head portion. A limiting sleeve is formed at the connection between the vertical plate and the cooperating sliding rod. The cooperating sliding rod penetrates through and is fixedly connected to the bottom wall inside the limiting sleeve. The rod portion penetrates through and extends into the limiting sleeve, and a limiting abutting ring is provided on the outer circumference. A first spring member is sleeved between the limiting abutting ring and the bottom wall inside the limiting sleeve. When the sliding vertical frame slides left and right, through the cooperation between the vertical plate and the cooperating sliding rod, the active plug is driven to slide in the cylinder barrel to ensure the smooth sliding of the sliding vertical frame. When the sliding vertical frame slides, the force is applied to the cooperating sliding rod through the vertical plate. The cooperating sliding rod drives the dynamic adjustment plate to reciprocally slide along the guiding seat through the cooperation with the linking arm, thereby changing the effective flow aperture of the liquid flow channel between the third cooperating hole and the second cooperating hole.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: The cooling device includes a frame, and a vertical plate is formed on the top surface of the frame. Two cooling air chambers are correspondingly arranged at the front end of the vertical plate, and a plurality of air outlets are formed at the front end of the cooling air chambers. Fluid driving elements are fixedly installed at the corresponding positions of the front ends of the cooling air chambers for each air outlet. A plurality of cooling tubes are commonly penetrated between the two cooling air chambers. Each cooling tube is commonly connected to an inlet liquid header and an outlet liquid header. The inlet liquid header and the outlet liquid header are commonly connected to a dynamic cooling mechanism. The dynamic cooling mechanism includes a first cooling circuit and a second cooling circuit. The first cooling circuit includes a cooling box, a solenoid valve, a converging tank, a first liquid pump, and a reaction tank. The cooling box is connected and communicated with the outlet liquid header through a pipeline. The reaction tank is connected and communicated with the inlet liquid header through a pipeline. The second cooling circuit includes a second liquid pump and two cooling tanks. The two cooling tanks are commonly connected to a liquid delivery tank, and the liquid delivery tank is connected and communicated with the converging tank through a pipeline. The reaction tank senses the fluid temperature to control its flow through the first cooling circuit or the second cooling circuit.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that: the cooling box has a first liquid inlet joint and a first liquid outlet joint. The first liquid inlet joint is connected and communicated with the total liquid outlet joint through a pipeline. The first liquid outlet joint is connected and communicated with the solenoid valve through a pipeline. The top surface of the cooling box is open, and two limiting chutes are correspondingly provided on the front and rear sides. The top surface of the cooling box has a cooling upper cover, and the cooling upper cover has limiting parts adapted to the two limiting chutes. The top surface of the cooling upper cover is radially distributed with a plurality of radiating fins. The two radiating fins at the top have hook-shaped disturbing parts, and the surfaces of the radiating fins have serrated textures.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that: the reaction tank includes a second liquid inlet joint and a second liquid outlet joint. The second liquid inlet joint is connected and communicated with the first liquid pump through a pipeline, and the inner end of the second liquid inlet joint has two branch channels. The second liquid outlet joint is connected and communicated with the total liquid inlet joint through a pipeline. A medium cavity is formed in the middle of the reaction tank, and a reaction medium is placed in the medium cavity. A matching plug is movably arranged in the medium cavity. One end of the top surface of the matching plug has a top column, and a first limiting ring is arranged on the outer circle of the top column. A contact inductor is arranged on the inner wall of the medium cavity opposite to the top column, and a second limiting ring is arranged on the outer circle of the contact inductor. A second spring member is sleeved on the outer circles of the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring together.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that: a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the liquid supply tank. The first cavity has a third liquid inlet joint and a third liquid outlet joint. The second cavity has a fourth liquid inlet joint and a fourth liquid outlet joint. The third liquid inlet joint and the fourth liquid inlet joint are connected and communicated with two cooling tanks through pipelines respectively. The third liquid outlet joint and the fourth liquid outlet joint are connected and communicated with the converging tank through pipelines. A movable block is slidably arranged in the first cavity, and a plurality of third spring members are arranged between the cavity and the movable block. A movable column is slidably arranged in the second cavity, and the movable column has a driving column extending outside the tank body. The driving column is drivingly connected with an external power source to drive it to reciprocate in the second cavity; Refrigeration pipes are arranged in both cooling tanks.

[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: The first driving assembly includes four second slide rails fixedly installed in the main frame and distributed in a rectangular shape. Each second slide rail is provided with a second slider. The left and right two second sliders on the same side are jointly connected to an assembly substrate, and the printing platform is installed between the two assembly substrates. A plurality of first through holes are formed at the four corners of the top surface of the printing platform. Below the printing platform, a first fixing plate is provided at the corresponding position of each first through hole. A lever-type clamping cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first fixing plate. Below the printing platform, a second fixing plate is fixedly installed at the center of the four first fixing plates. Two lifting cylinders are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the second fixing plate, and the output shaft of the lifting cylinder is drivingly connected to a lifting member. The printing platform is provided with a second through hole for the lifting member to move at the corresponding position of each lifting cylinder. The second driving unit includes two third slide rails correspondingly arranged at the top inside the main frame from left to right. A third slider is slidably arranged on each of the two third slide rails, and the top surface of the third slider has a mounting seat. A fixed bottom plate is provided between the two mounting seats, and a fourth slide rail is fixedly installed on the top surface of the fixed bottom plate. A fourth slider is provided in a matching manner with the fourth slide rail, and the extrusion unit is fixedly connected to the fourth slider.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: The material shoveling unit includes a gear motor fixedly installed on the top surface of the movable base. The output shaft of the gear motor is connected to a tool holder, and the tool holder is connected to a material shovel. The limiting mechanism includes two cross plates fixedly installed on the top surface of the machine base. A limiting abutting plate is installed at one end of each of the two cross plates. A plurality of support plates are distributed in the enclosed area between the two cross plates and the limiting abutting plate on the top surface of the machine base. The support plates are used to provide support for the printing bottom plate to be shoveled with material. The cross plates and the limiting abutting plate form an enclosed limit for the printing bottom plate to be printed. Two fifth slide rails are fixedly installed on the top surface of the machine base at the corresponding position of the movable base. Fifth sliders adapted to the two fifth slide rails are installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the movable base. A support platform plate is further installed on one side of the machine base. A mechanical gripper is fixedly installed on the top surface of the support platform plate. The mechanical gripper holds the printed part during material shoveling and transfers the printed part to a preset area for collection after material shoveling.

[0014] The present invention is further configured as: a working method of a large-scale FDM printer, comprising the following steps: S1: printing preparation, starting a dynamic cooling mechanism, putting the cooling device in a standby state, installing the printing material on the extrusion unit, starting the extrusion unit, and according to a preset printing program, the second drive component drives the extrusion unit to move along the x-axis or y-axis to stack the printing material layer by layer on the printing plate, and the first drive component cooperates to control the printing platform to slide radially up and down in the main frame to complete the three-dimensional model printing; S2: after the product printing is completed, the first drive component drives the printing platform to descend to a preset position, at which time the four lever-type clamping cylinders cancel the clamping of the printing plate, and the two lifting cylinders drive the lifting member to lift the printing plate upward for a distance so that its height is adapted to the transposition unit. S3: The transposition and cooling operations are coordinated. The clamping mechanism of the transposition unit is provided with double clamping ends. Before the current printing is completed, the last printing base plate has completed the scraping process in the scraping unit, and one of the clamping ends of the clamping mechanism has clamped the printing base plate after scraping; when the printing unit completes this printing, the clamping mechanism clamps the printing base plate with the printed product; the sliding stand moves along the assembly base plate slide rail to the corresponding position of the cooling device, and the rotating table drives the two printing base plates to rotate 90° clockwise, so that the printing base plate with the printed product is transferred to the cooling area; after the sensor on the surface of the cooling device frame detects that the printing base plate has entered, it immediately starts the fluid driving element; at the same time, the cooling device is linked to the dynamic cooling mechanism, and the reaction tank senses the fluid temperature in real time, and intelligently controls the fluid in the first cooling area based on the temperature data. Switch between the first temperature circuit or the second temperature cooling circuit to achieve efficient cooling; S4: Automatic unloading, after the cooling is completed, the position change unit drives the two printing bases to rotate 90° clockwise again to complete the position change; the sliding stand first transfers the unloaded printing base to the printing unit for subsequent printing, and then transfers the printing base carrying the printed product to the enclosed limit interval of the unloading unit; the movable base drives the shoveling unit to move to the printing base, and the gear motor drives the shovel to separate the printed product from the plate; in this process, the limit mechanism firmly limits the printing plate, and the mechanical gripper synchronously assists in holding the printed part; after the shoveling is completed, the mechanical gripper transfers the printed part to the preset collection area; S5: Equipment reset, each unit performs the reset operation, completes the equipment status initialization, and prepares for the next printing task.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In view of the problem of low efficiency of manual unloading in the background technology, the present invention realizes fully automated operation from printing, cooling to unloading through the coordinated cooperation of the unloading unit, the transposition unit and the printing unit. The movable base drives the shoveling unit to automatically shovel the printed product, and the mechanical gripper automatically transfers the printed part, avoiding the tedious process of manual disassembly, greatly shortening the unloading time, improving production efficiency, and being able to better adapt to the needs of industrial mass production, effectively solving the problem that the existing technology is difficult to connect with the automated production process.

[0016] 2. In the prior art, manual unloading is likely to cause damage or deformation to the model. In the present invention, the printing plate is firmly limited by the limiting mechanism, and the mechanical gripper holds the printed part during shoveling to ensure a stable and safe unloading process, prevent damage or deformation of the printed finished product caused by external forces, and improve the product qualification rate. At the same time, the adaptive damping adjustment structure in the transposition unit ensures the stable sliding of the sliding vertical frame, avoids damage to the printed finished product due to shaking during the transposition process, and further improves the reliability of the unloading process.

[0017] 3. Compared with the relatively single printing control method of traditional FDM printers, the printing unit of the present invention realizes precise motion control of the printing platform and the extrusion unit through the precise cooperation of the first driving component and the second driving component, ensures the accuracy of material accumulation during the printing process, and improves the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the printed model. The dynamic cooling mechanism of the cooling device can intelligently switch the cooling circuit according to the temperature of the printed finished product, ensure rapid and uniform cooling of the printed finished product, effectively avoid quality problems such as deformation and warping caused by high temperature, and further improve the printing quality.

[0018] 4. The automatic unloading and production process of the present invention reduces manual intervention and reduces the input of labor costs. At the same time, the efficient and stable production process reduces material waste and product loss caused by improper unloading, further reducing production costs. In addition, the equipment structure design is convenient for maintenance, reduces equipment maintenance costs and downtime, and realizes cost control and efficiency improvement from multiple aspects.

[0019] 5. The modular design of the present invention enables each unit (printing unit, transposition unit, unloading unit, etc.) to be flexibly adjusted and configured according to different production requirements, can adapt to different sizes and types of printing tasks, enhances the adaptability and versatility of the equipment, provides strong support for the application expansion of 3D printing technology in more fields, and effectively breaks through the limitations of the prior art in the application scope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the printing unit of the present invention; Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the printing platform of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic structural diagram of the sliding upright frame and clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of the unloading unit of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the sliding upright frame and the cylinder barrel of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cooperation between the guide seat and the dynamic adjustment plate of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the distribution of the sliding upright frame and two cylinder barrels of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the air outlet distribution of the cooling air chamber of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic structural diagram of the dynamic temperature reduction mechanism of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the temperature reduction box of the present invention; Figure 12 Schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the liquid delivery tank of the present invention; Figure 13 Schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the reaction tank of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1, printing unit; 100, main frame; 101, printing platform; 102, extrusion unit; 103, printed sheet; 2, transposition unit; 200, assembly base plate; 201, sliding vertical frame; 202, first slide rail; 203, first slider; 204, rotating table; 205, support rod; 206, fixed base plate; 207, assembly seat; 208, jaw; 209, first power source; 3, unloading unit; 300, machine base; 301, movable base; 302, material shoveling unit; 303, gear motor; 304, tool holder; 305, shovel; 306, cross plate; 307, limiting abutting plate; 308, support plate; 309, fifth slide rail; 310, fifth slider; 311, support table plate; 312, mechanical gripper; 4, cooling device; 400, frame; 401, vertical plate; 402, cooling air chamber; 403, air outlet; 404, fluid drive element; 405, cooling pipe; 406, liquid inlet header; 407, liquid outlet header; 5, cylinder barrel; 500, movable piston part; 501, rod part; 502, plug head part; 503, guide hole; 504, mating slide bar; 505, first mating hole; 506, guide seat; 507, second mating hole; 508, dynamic adjustment plate; 509, third mating hole; 510, linkage arm; 511, extension plate; 512, vertical plate; 513, limiting abutting ring; 514, limiting sleeve; 515, first spring part; 6, cooling box; 600, solenoid valve; 601, confluence tank; 602, first liquid pump; 603, reaction tank; 604, second liquid pump; 605, cooling tank; 606, first liquid inlet joint; 607, first liquid outlet joint; 608, limiting chute; 609, limiting part; 610, heat sink; 611, second liquid inlet joint; 612, second liquid outlet joint; 613, branch channel; 614, medium cavity; 615, mating plug head; 616, ejector pin; 617, first limiting ring; 618, contact inductor; 619, second limiting ring; 620, second spring part; 7, first cavity; 700, second cavity; 701, third liquid inlet joint; 702, third liquid outlet joint; 703, fourth liquid inlet joint; 704, fourth liquid outlet joint; 705, movable block; 706, third spring part; 707, movable column; 708, driving column; 709, liquid supply tank; 8, second slide rail; 800, second slider; 801, assembly base plate; 802, first through port; 803, first fixing plate; 804, lever type clamping cylinder; 805, second fixing plate; 806, lifting cylinder; 807, lifting part; 808, second through port; 809, third slide rail; 810, third slider; 811, mounting seat; 812, fixed base plate; 813, fourth slide rail; 814, fourth slider. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1-13 As shown, a large FDM printer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a printing unit 1, a transposition unit 2, and a discharging unit 3. The printing unit 1 includes a main frame 100, and a printing platform 101 is arranged in the main frame 100. The printing platform 101 is connected to a first driving assembly for controlling its radial up-and-down sliding in the main frame 100. An extrusion unit 102 is further arranged at the top of the main frame 100. A second driving assembly for controlling the movement of the extrusion unit 102 along the x-axis or y-axis is also arranged in the main frame 100. A fixing assembly for fixing the printing plate 103 and a lifting assembly for lifting the printing plate 103 are arranged on the printing platform 101. The discharging unit 3 includes a machine base 300, a movable base 301 is arranged on the top surface of the machine base 300, and a material shoveling unit 302 is arranged on the top surface of the movable base 301. A limiting mechanism for placing the printing plate 103 and limiting the printing plate 103 is further arranged on the top surface of the machine base 300 on one side of the material shoveling unit 302. The transposition unit 2 includes an assembly bottom plate 200 fixedly installed between the main frame 100 and the machine base 300. A sliding vertical frame 201 is slidably arranged on the assembly bottom plate 200. A clamping mechanism for clamping the printing platform 101 and driving the printing platform 101 to rotate and transpose is arranged on the sliding vertical frame 201. A cooling device 4 is arranged on one side of the transposition unit 2. The transposition unit 2 controls the printing platform 101 to pass through a cooling unit before transposing to the discharging unit 3, and the cooling unit is used for cooling the printed product.

[0025] In use, according to a preset printing program, the second driving component drives the extrusion unit 102 to move along the x-axis or y-axis, and stacks the printing material layer by layer on the printing plate 103. The first driving component cooperates to control the printing platform 101 to radially slide up and down within the main frame 100 to complete the three-dimensional model printing. After the product printing is completed, the first driving component drives the printing platform 101 to descend to a preset position. At this time, the limiting mechanism cancels the clamping of the printing plate 103, and the lifting component jacks up the printing plate 103 upward by a certain distance so that its height is adapted to the transposition unit 2. The clamping mechanism of the transposition unit 2 has two material clamping ends. Before the printing is completed, the previous printing bottom plate completes material shoveling at the material shoveling unit 302, and one of the material clamping ends of the clamping mechanism clamps the printing bottom plate after material shoveling. After the printing unit 1 finishes printing, the clamping mechanism driven by the transposition clamps / holds the printing bottom plate with the printed product. The sliding upright frame 201 slides along the slide rail on the assembly bottom plate 200 to the corresponding position of the cooling device 4. At this time, the rotating table 204 drives the two printing bottom plates to rotate clockwise by 90°, that is, to make the printing bottom plate with the printed product rotate to the cooling device 4. An inductor is arranged on the surface of the frame 400 of the cooling device 4. When the inductor senses that the printing bottom plate enters the cooling area, it starts the fluid driving element 404 for cooling, and cools the printed product through the cooling device 4. The cooling device 4 is connected with a dynamic cooling mechanism. The reaction tank 603 senses the fluid temperature, and intelligently controls the fluid to flow through the first cooling circuit or the second cooling circuit to achieve efficient cooling. After the cooling is completed, the transposition unit 2 drives the two printing platforms 101 to continue to rotate by 90°. At this time, the two printing platforms 101 complete the transposition. The sliding upright frame 201 first places the empty printing bottom plate into the printing unit 1 for subsequent printing, and then places the printing bottom plate with the printed product into the unloading unit 3 for unloading.

[0026] Two first slide rails 202 are correspondingly arranged on the bottom plate. Four corners of the bottom of the sliding upright frame 201 are distributed with first sliders 203 adapted to the two first slide rails 202. A rotating table 204 is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the sliding upright frame 201. The clamping mechanism includes two supporting rods 205 correspondingly arranged on the rotating table 204. A fixed base plate 206 is jointly installed at the left and right ends of the two supporting rods 205. Two assembly seats 207 are correspondingly installed on the outer side of the top surface of the fixed base plate 206, and the assembly seats 207 are installed with clamping jaws 208. A first power source 209 for driving the two clamping jaws 208 to clamp or loosen is also installed on the top surface of the fixed base plate 206.

[0027] In use, during the actual operation process, the transposition unit 2 realizes precise control through an external control system. Each first slider 203 is electrically connected to the external control system. When receiving a control instruction, the first slider 203 reciprocally slides along the two first slide rails 202 under the drive of the control system, thereby driving the sliding vertical frame 201 to reciprocally move in the left-right direction along the bottom plate. The rotary table 204 adopts an electric rotary table 204 of the prior art and can quickly and stably drive the clamping mechanism to perform a rotation operation according to a preset program, so as to realize the transposition requirement of the printing platform 101 between different workstations; the action execution of the clamping mechanism depends on the first power source 209 (preferably a "telescopic cylinder"). When it is necessary to clamp the printing platform 101, the external control system sends an instruction to the first power source 209 to drive the output shaft of the telescopic cylinder to retract. The output shaft of the first power source 209 is connected with a driving plate, and the cooperating rods of the two jaws 208 are both connected to the driving plate. As the output shaft of the telescopic cylinder retracts, the driving plate moves accordingly. Through the linkage with the cooperating rods, the driving force is transmitted to the two jaws 208, causing the jaws 208 to move towards each other to complete the clamping action, thereby firmly fixing the printing bottom plate; when it is necessary to loosen the printing bottom plate, the control system controls the output shaft of the telescopic cylinder to extend, and the driving plate drives the cooperating rods to move in the reverse direction, prompting the jaws 208 to open, releasing the clamping of the printing bottom plate. The entire clamping and loosening process has a rapid response and precise positioning, ensuring the stability and safety of the printing platform 101 during the transposition process.

[0028] Two cylinders 5 are correspondingly mounted on the top surface of the assembly base plate 200. The cylinders 5 are provided with movable plugs 500 for separating the cylinders 5 into two cavities. The movable plugs 500 include a rod 501 and a plug head 502. A guide hole 503 penetrating the rod 501 is formed at the center of the plug head 502. A matching slide rod 504 is slidably arranged in the guide hole 503. The plug head 502 is provided with a plurality of first matching holes 505 for mutual communication between the two cavities. The first matching holes are distributed along the axial direction of the plug head 502 and are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the central axis. The plug head 502 is located between the two groups of first matching holes. A guide seat 506 is fixedly installed at the corresponding position of the hole, and the guide seat 506 is provided with a plurality of second matching holes 507 adapted to the first matching holes 505. A dynamic adjustment plate 508 is slidably arranged on the outer side of the guide seat 506, and the dynamic adjustment plate 508 is provided with a third matching hole 509 adapted to the first matching hole 505 and the second matching hole 507. One end of the two dynamic adjustment plates 508 close to the guide hole 503 is rotatably connected to a linkage arm 510, and the other end of the two linkage arms 510 is rotatably connected to the inner end of the slide rod. Two extension plates 511 are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the sliding stand 201, and the extension plates 511 are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the sliding stand 201. The outer end of the movable plug 500 is connected with a vertical plate 512, and the end of the matching slide rod 504 away from the linkage arm 510 is fixedly connected to the vertical plate 512. The outer ring of the end of the rod 501 of the movable plug 500 away from the plug head 502 is formed with a limited position ring 513. The connection between the vertical plate 512 and the matching slide rod 504 is formed with a limited position sleeve 514. The matching slide rod 504 extends through and extends into the limiting sleeve 514 and is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the limiting sleeve 514. The rod 501 extends through and extends into the limiting sleeve 514 and has a limiting position ring 513 on the outer ring. The limiting position ring 513 and the inner bottom wall of the limiting sleeve 514 are fixedly connected. A first spring member 515 is sleeved between the walls; when the sliding frame 201 slides left and right, the vertical plate 512 cooperates with the matching slide rod 504 to drive the movable plug 500 to slide in the cylinder 5 to ensure the smooth sliding of the sliding frame 201. When the sliding frame 201 slides, the vertical plate 512 applies force to the matching slide rod 504, and the matching slide rod 504 drives the dynamic adjustment plate 508 to slide back and forth along the guide seat 506 through the cooperation with the linkage arm 510, thereby changing the effective flow aperture of the liquid flow channel between the third matching hole 509 and the second matching hole 507.

[0029] During use, during the operation of a large FDM printer, the stable sliding of the sliding upright frame 201 is crucial for printing quality and equipment safety. Unstable sliding of the sliding upright frame 201 can easily cause the following problems: Unstable sliding will cause the clamping mechanism to bear uneven external forces, making it difficult for the clamping mechanism to maintain a stable clamping force on the printing base plate, reducing its clamping effect on the printing base plate. The printing base plate may experience slight displacement during the clamping and moving process. The vibration of the sliding upright frame 201 will also cause the components of the clamping mechanism to become loose, further weakening its clamping performance, and may even lead to a serious accident of the printing base plate falling off; During the printing process, the unstable sliding upright frame 201 will generate a shaking force, and the just-completed printed product has not yet fully cooled and solidified, and its structural strength is relatively low; The shaking force will cause the printed product to deform, damaging its original design shape and dimensional accuracy; For some fine and complex printing models, this deformation may cause damage to the model structure and make it unable to be used normally; Seriously, the shaking force will also cause the printed product to skew and fall off the printing base plate, resulting in material waste and production schedule delays; Specifically in the present invention, when the sliding upright frame 201 reciprocates left and right along the assembly base plate 200, it drives the movable plug 500 to reciprocate in the cylinder 5. The plug head 502 generates damping buffering with the liquid in the cylinder 5, which can effectively weaken the impact force during the sliding process and ensure the stable clamping of the clamping mechanism on the printing base plate; Aiming at the impact force or inertial force generated by the electric slider at the moment of starting and stopping, the present invention innovatively optimizes the structure of the movable plug 500. During normal operation, the dynamic adjustment plate 508 is in the initial position, and its third mating hole 509 overlaps with the second mating hole 507 of the guide seat 506. At this time, the liquid flow aperture formed by the first mating hole 505, the second mating hole 507 and the third mating hole 509 reaches the maximum value, and the fluid in the cylinder 5 maintains the stable operation of the sliding upright frame 201 with a conventional damping force; When the sliding upright frame 201 is affected by the impact force or inertial force and shows unstable sliding, the mating slide rod 504 slides inside the cylinder 5 along the guide hole 503 under the action of the impact force, overcoming the elastic resistance of the first spring member 515; Through the articulated transmission of the linkage arm 510, it drives the two dynamic adjustment plates 508 to slide away from each other along the guide seat 506, changing the overlapping area between the third mating hole 509 and the second mating hole 507, and further reducing the effective aperture of the liquid flow channel; The reduction of the aperture causes a sharp increase in the fluid flow resistance, and the damping force of the plug head 502 instantaneously increases, efficiently absorbing the impact force or inertial force, and at the same time not hindering the normal movement of the sliding upright frame 201, realizing adaptive dynamic adjustment; This mechanism ensures that the sliding upright frame 201 can maintain stable radial sliding under various working conditions, effectively avoiding displacement and vibration problems caused by external force interference; In addition, to ensure the smooth operation of the commutation mechanism throughout its entire stroke, when the sliding vertical frame 201 moves to the left and right extreme positions, the extension plates 511 on both sides thereof respectively extend into the corresponding areas of the printing unit 1 and the unloading unit 3; a sufficient hollow clearance space is reserved at the bottom of the main frame 100 of the printing unit 1, and the base 300 of the unloading unit 3 is provided with a clearance through-hole (see the attached Figure 5 ), so that the extension plates 511 can penetrate and move without obstruction, avoiding mechanical interference, and ensuring the accurate commutation and efficient connection of the printing platform 101 among the printing, cooling, and unloading stations.

[0030] The cooling device 4 includes a frame 400, and a vertical plate 401 is formed on the top surface of the frame 400. Two cooling air chambers 402 are correspondingly arranged at the front end of the vertical plate 401, and a plurality of air outlets 403 are formed at the front end of the cooling air chambers 402. Fluid driving elements 404 are fixedly installed at the corresponding positions of each air outlet 403 at the front end of the cooling air chambers 402. A plurality of cooling pipes 405 are commonly arranged between the two cooling air chambers 402. Each cooling pipe 405 is commonly connected with a liquid inlet header 406 and a liquid outlet header 407. The liquid inlet header 406 and the liquid outlet header 407 are commonly connected with a dynamic cooling mechanism. The dynamic cooling mechanism includes a first cooling circuit and a second cooling circuit. The first cooling circuit includes a cooling box 6, a solenoid valve 600, a confluence tank 601, a first liquid pump 602, and a reaction tank 603. The cooling box 6 is connected and communicated with the liquid outlet header 407 through a pipeline. The reaction tank 603 is connected and communicated with the liquid inlet header 406 through a pipeline. The second cooling circuit includes a second liquid pump 604 and two cooling tanks 605. The two cooling tanks 605 are commonly connected with a liquid supply tank 709, and the liquid supply tank 709 is connected and communicated with the confluence tank 601 through a pipeline. The reaction tank 603 senses the fluid temperature to control its flow through the first cooling circuit or the second cooling circuit; The cooling box 6 has a first liquid inlet joint 606 and a first liquid outlet joint 607. The first liquid inlet joint 606 is connected and communicated with the liquid outlet header 407 through a pipeline. The first liquid outlet joint 607 is connected and communicated with the solenoid valve 600 through a pipeline. The top surface of the cooling box 6 is open, and two limiting chutes 608 are correspondingly arranged at the front and rear sides. The top surface of the cooling box 6 has a cooling upper cover, and the cooling upper cover has a limiting portion 609 adapted to the two limiting chutes 608. A plurality of heat dissipation fins 610 are radially distributed on the top surface of the cooling upper cover. The two heat dissipation fins 610 at the top have hook-shaped disturbance portions. The surface of each heat dissipation fin 610 has serrated textures; The reaction tank 603 includes a second liquid inlet joint 611 and a second liquid outlet joint 612. The second liquid inlet joint 611 is connected and communicated with the first liquid pump 602 through a pipeline, and two branch channels 613 are arranged at the inner end of the second liquid inlet joint 611. The second liquid outlet joint 612 is connected and communicated with the liquid inlet header 406 through a pipeline. A medium cavity 614 is formed in the middle of the reaction tank 603, and a reaction medium is arranged in the medium cavity 614. A mating plug 615 is movably arranged in the medium cavity 614. One end of the top surface of the mating plug 615 has a top column 616, and a first limiting ring 617 is arranged on the outer ring of the top column 616. A contact inductor 618 is arranged on the inner wall of the medium cavity 614 facing the top column 616, and a second limiting ring 619 is arranged on the outer ring of the contact inductor 618. A second spring member 620 is commonly sleeved on the outer rings of the first limiting ring 617 and the second limiting ring 619;The first chamber 7 and the second chamber 700 are formed in the liquid delivery tank 709. The first chamber 7 has a third liquid inlet joint 701 and a third liquid outlet joint 702. The second chamber 700 has a fourth liquid inlet joint 703 and a fourth liquid outlet joint 704. The third liquid inlet joint 701 and the fourth liquid inlet joint 703 are connected to the two cooling tanks 605 through pipelines, respectively. The third liquid outlet joint 702 and the fourth liquid outlet joint 704 are connected to the merging tank 601 through pipelines. A movable block 705 is slidably arranged in the first chamber 7, and a plurality of third spring members 706 are arranged between the chamber and the movable block 705. A movable column 707 is slidably arranged in the second chamber 700, and the movable column 707 has a driving column 708 extending outside the tank body. The driving column 708 is connected to an external power source to drive it to reciprocate along the second chamber 700. Both cooling tanks 605 are equipped with refrigeration pipes. ;

[0031] When in use, during the cooling process of the large FDM printer, the fluid driving element 404 (preferably a "waterproof fan"), when the device is started, the fan starts to run at high speed, and through the principle of aerodynamics, the low-temperature gas in the cooling air chamber 402 is blown out from the air outlet 403 in a directional manner, and accurately delivered to the printed product area at the front end of the vertical plate 401, and the strong cold air flow can quickly take away the heat on the surface of the printed product, achieve rapid cooling, and effectively avoid quality problems such as deformation and warping of the finished product caused by high temperature. During the entire cooling process, the fan works in coordination with the cooling pipe 405 and the dynamic cooling mechanism to maintain a stable cooling effect by continuously circulating the low-temperature gas and the coolant; wherein, each air outlet 403 is equipped with a waterproof and breathable membrane, which can ensure that the fan can smoothly extract the cold air in the cooling air chamber 402, and can effectively prevent the water vapor in the cold air from entering the fan, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the equipment; at the same time, a number of air inlets are opened on both sides of the cooling air chamber 402 (see the attached manual Figure 9 The left and right sides of the cooling air chamber 402 are air inlets, and the preferred air inlets can be set to one-way air inlet to avoid leakage of cold air in the cooling air chamber 402 and ensure efficient circulation of air flow); The first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit of the dynamic cooling mechanism cooperate with each other to achieve efficient cooling of the coolant. The first cooling circuit drives the coolant to circulate through the first liquid pump 602, and sequentially passes through the cooling box 6, the solenoid valve 600, the confluence tank 601, the first liquid pump 602, and the reaction tank 603. The coolant conducts heat to the upper cooling cover at the cooling box 6 and realizes physical cooling through the heat sink 610, with relatively low power consumption and cost. The second cooling circuit is started when the reaction tank 603 senses that physical cooling cannot meet the requirements. The solenoid valve 600 closes the first cooling circuit, and the second liquid pump 604 drives the coolant to sequentially pass through the cooling box 6, the solenoid valve 600, the second liquid pump 604, and the two cooling tanks 605, with a stronger refrigeration effect but higher energy consumption. Through the action of the liquid medium with thermal expansion and contraction in the reaction tank 603 and the matching plug 615, the automatic switching of the cooling circuit is realized, ensuring the maximization of cooling cost savings while ensuring efficient cooling.

[0032] The first cooling circuit includes a cooling box 6, a solenoid valve 600, a confluence tank 601, a first liquid pump 602, and a reaction tank 603. Specifically, when working, the first liquid pump 602 is started. The first liquid pump 602 provides a power source for the fluid flow in the first fluid passage, promoting the circulation of the water body in the cooling pipe 405 and sequentially passing through the cooling box 6, the solenoid valve 600, the confluence tank 601, the first liquid pump 602, and the reaction tank 603, and finally flowing back to the cooling pipe 405. When the cooling water body passes through the cooling box 6, the water body conducts heat to the upper cooling cover. The top surface of the upper cooling cover is radially distributed with a plurality of heat sinks 610. The upper cooling cover is dissipated heat through each heat sink 610 to realize the physical cooling of the coolant. The upper cooling cover is slidably clamped above the cooling box 6 through the limiting parts 609 on both sides, facilitating daily maintenance and replacement. The water body cooled by the first cooling circuit or the second cooling circuit will be returned to the cooling pipe 405 after passing through the reaction tank 603. The reaction tank 603, as the core control component of the dynamic cooling mechanism, realizes the intelligent switching of the cooling circuit through heat conduction and mechanical linkage. When the coolant flows into the reaction tank 603 through the second liquid inlet joint 611 and the branch channel 613, the outer shell of the medium cavity 614 made of high thermal conductivity material quickly transfers the heat of the coolant to the internal liquid medium that expands and contracts due to heat. If the physical cooling of the first cooling circuit cannot meet the cooling demand, the medium expands in volume after being heated to generate a thrust, prompting the mating plug 615 to overcome the elastic resistance of the second spring member 620 and slide upward along the axis of the medium cavity 614. As the mating plug 615 moves, the top column 616 thereof contacts the contact sensor 618, and this signal change triggers the control system to start the second cooling circuit, enabling the device to switch to a working mode with higher energy consumption but stronger refrigeration effect to ensure that the coolant is sufficiently cooled. To ensure the reliable operation of the mechanism, a limiting ring is provided inside the reaction tank 603 to accurately limit the maximum downward movement stroke of the mating plug 615. At the same time, a liquid replacement joint is reserved in the medium cavity 614 to facilitate the regular replacement or maintenance of the reaction medium and prevent the attenuation of the medium performance from affecting the temperature control accuracy. This pure mechanical response mechanism based on the characteristics of thermal expansion and contraction, without complex sensors and electronic components, realizes the real-time monitoring of the coolant temperature and the automatic switching of the cooling strategy, reducing the equipment cost while improving the stability and durability of the system. When the reaction tank 603 triggers the start of the second cooling circuit, the system enters the high-efficiency refrigeration mode. The solenoid valve 600 responds quickly, closes the fluid path between it and the confluence tank 601, and simultaneously opens the connection channel with the second liquid pump 604, causing the first liquid pump 602 to stop running, and the second liquid pump 604 to start immediately to provide power for the coolant circulation. Driven by the second liquid pump 604, the water body in the cooling pipe 405 flows through the cooling box 6, the solenoid valve 600, and the second liquid pump 604 in sequence, and then is split into two cooling tanks 605 with built-in refrigeration pipes (an insertion port for the refrigeration pipe is provided on one side of the cooling tank 605) for deep refrigeration. During this process, the liquid supply tank 709 operates synchronously, and through two alternately switched sliding paths of the driving column 708, the water bodies that have completed refrigeration in the two cooling tanks 605 are sequentially and intermittently transported to the confluence tank 601. After the refrigerated coolant is collected in the confluence tank 601, it passes through the first liquid pump 602 and the reaction tank 603 in sequence, and finally returns to the cooling pipe 405. As the temperature of the coolant drops, the thermal expansion and contraction medium in the reaction tank 603 contracts, and the mating plug 615 resets under the action of the second spring member 620. In practical applications, the user can flexibly set the single working duration of the second cooling circuit through the external control system (for example, each time the contact sensor 618 is triggered, the second cooling circuit runs continuously for 5 - 15 minutes; Specifically, the third liquid inlet joint 701 and the fourth liquid inlet joint 703 have a one-way liquid inlet valve, and the third liquid outlet joint 702 and the fourth liquid outlet joint 704 have a one-way liquid outlet valve; the working process of the liquid delivery tank 709 is realized by two sliding paths of the driving column 708. In the first working path, the movable column 707 blocks the fourth liquid inlet joint 703 and the fourth liquid outlet joint 704, that is, there is no conduction between the fourth liquid inlet joint 703 and the fourth liquid outlet joint 704, but the movable column 707 contacts the movable block 705 every time it reciprocates, and each third spring member 706 provides a reset force for the movable block 705. Under the action of the movable column 707 and the third spring member 706, the movable block 705 is prompted to reciprocate along the first cavity 7. When the movable block 705 moves to the left, the water in the first cavity 7 is squeezed out from the third liquid outlet joint 702 to the confluence tank 601. When the movable block 705 is reset, one of the lower The water in the warm tank 605 is sucked into the first cavity 7, and the water in one of the cooling tanks 605 is intermittently sent to the merging tank 601 through the above-mentioned reciprocating action; in the second working path, the movable column 707 does not block the fourth liquid inlet joint 703 and the fourth liquid outlet joint 704 and does not contact the movable block 705. Each time the movable column 707 moves to the left, the water in the second cavity 700 is squeezed out from the fourth liquid outlet joint 704 to the merging tank 601. Each time the movable column 707 is reset to the right, the water in the other cooling tank 605 is sucked into the second cavity 700 through the fourth liquid inlet joint 703, and the water in the other cooling tank 605 is intermittently sent to the merging tank 601 through the above-mentioned reciprocating action; the sliding path of the driving column 708 is intermittently switched by an external power source, so that the two cooling tanks 605 discharge liquid at intervals, ensuring that each cooling tank 605 has enough time to fully cool the water, thereby ensuring a stable supply of coolant and the reliability of the cooling effect. The entire cooling device 4 achieves accurate and efficient cooling of the printed product through the coordinated work of various components, effectively improving the printing quality and the stability of the equipment.

[0033] The first driving assembly includes four second slide rails 8 fixedly installed in the main frame 100 and distributed in a rectangular shape, each second slide rail 8 is provided with a second slider 800, and the two second sliders 800 on the same side are commonly connected to an assembly substrate 801, and the printing platform 101 is installed between the two assembly substrates 801; a plurality of first openings 802 are opened at the four corners of the top surface of the printing platform 101, and a first fixed plate 803 is arranged at the corresponding position of each first opening 802 below the printing platform 101, and a lever-type clamping cylinder 804 is fixed on the upper surface of the first fixed plate 803, and a second fixed plate 805 is fixed in the center of the four first fixed plates 803 below the printing platform 101, and the left and right sides of the second fixed plate 805 are fixed correspondingly Two lifting cylinders 806 are installed and the output shaft of the lifting cylinder 806 is driven and connected to a lifting member 807. The printing platform 101 is provided with a second opening 808 for the lifting member 807 to move at the corresponding position of each lifting cylinder 806; the second driving unit includes two third slide rails 809 correspondingly arranged on the top of the main frame 100 on the left and right sides, and the two third slide rails 809 are both slidably provided with a third slider 810 and the top surface of the third slider 810 has a mounting seat 811, a fixed bottom plate 812 is provided between the two mounting seats 811 and the top surface of the fixed bottom plate 812 is fixedly provided with a fourth slide rail 813, the fourth slide rail 813 is matched with a fourth slider 814 and the extrusion unit 102 is fixedly connected to the fourth slider 814.

[0034] When in use, in the printing operation of the large FDM printer, the printing material is first accurately installed on the extruder unit 102. After the extruder unit 102 is started, the second drive component accurately drives the extruder unit 102 to move along the x-axis or y-axis according to the preset printing program. During this period, the extruder unit 102 stacks the printing material on the printing plate 103 layer by layer according to the design requirements of the model. The first drive component controls the printing platform 101 to slide up and down radially in the main frame 100 to achieve layer-by-layer printing of the three-dimensional model, ensuring that the printed model has high precision and high quality; when the product printing task is completed, the first drive component drives the printing platform 101 to descend to a preset position At this time, the four lever-type clamping cylinders 804 cancel the clamping operation on the printing plate 103, so that the printing plate 103 is in a movable state. Then, the two lifting cylinders 806 start to work, driving the lifting member 807 with an "L"-shaped structure to lift the printing plate 103 upward for a distance, so that the height of the printing plate 103 is adapted to the transposition unit 2. This design facilitates the subsequent clamping mechanism of the transposition unit 2 to accurately and stably clamp the printing platform 101, realize the smooth replacement of the printing platform 101, and prepare for subsequent operations such as unloading, which effectively improves the overall work efficiency and automation of the printer, ensures the smooth connection between the units, and guarantees the continuity and stability of the printing work.

[0035] The material shoveling unit 302 includes a gear motor 303 fixedly installed on the top surface of the movable base 301. The output shaft of the gear motor 303 is connected to a tool holder 304, and the tool holder 304 is connected to a shovel 305. The limiting mechanism includes two cross plates 306 fixedly installed on the top surface of the machine base 300. One end of the two cross plates 306 is equipped with a limiting abutting plate 307. A number of supporting plates 308 are distributed in the enclosed area between the two cross plates 306 and the limiting abutting plate 307 on the top surface of the machine base 300. The supporting plates 308 are used to provide support for the printing base plate to be shoveled with material. The cross plates 306 and the limiting abutting plate 307 form an enclosed limit for the printing base plate to be printed. Two fifth slide rails 309 are fixedly installed on the top surface of the machine base 300 at the corresponding position of the movable base 301. Fifth sliders 310 adapted to the two fifth slide rails 309 are installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the movable base 301. A supporting platform plate 311 is also installed on one side of the machine base 300. A mechanical gripper 312 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the supporting platform plate 311. The mechanical gripper 312 holds the printed part during material shoveling and transfers the printed part to a preset area for collection after material shoveling.

[0036] During use, the printing base plate with the printed finished product is placed into the enclosed area of the unloading unit 3. The movable base 301 drives the material shoveling unit 302 to move to the corresponding position of the printing base plate. The gear motor 303 drives the shovel 305 to shovel the printed finished product from the printing plate 103. The limiting mechanism limits the printing plate 103. The mechanical gripper 312 holds the printed part during material shoveling and transfers the printed part to a preset area for collection after material shoveling. When the unloading operation starts, the printed printing base plate is accurately placed in the enclosed area of the unloading unit 3. At this time, under the guiding action of the fifth slide rail 309, the movable base 301 drives the material shoveling unit 302 to accurately move to the corresponding position of the printing base plate. The gear motor 303 serves as the power source to drive the shovel 305 to act and smoothly shovel the printed finished product from the printing plate 103. During the material shoveling process, the limiting mechanism plays a key role. Through the structure composed of the two cross plates 306, the limiting abutting plate 307 and a number of supporting plates 308, the printing plate 103 is stably limited to prevent it from displacing or shaking during the material shoveling process, ensuring the safety and accuracy of the material shoveling operation. At the same time, the mechanical gripper 312 operates synchronously to hold the printed part during material shoveling, avoiding the printed part from shifting or being damaged due to the acting force of the shovel 305. After the material shoveling is completed, the mechanical gripper 312 transfers the printed part to the preset collection area to complete the unloading operation. The coordinated work of each component of the unloading unit 3 realizes the full-process automated operation from shoveling the printed finished product to collection, improves the unloading efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and further enhances the overall working performance and automation level of the large FDM printer. The stable and efficient progress of the unloading process creates good conditions for the subsequent printing operation and ensures the smoothness of the continuous operation of the printer.

[0037] A working method of a large FDM printer includes the following steps: S1: Printing preparation. Start the dynamic cooling mechanism to make the cooling device 4 in a standby state. Install the printing material onto the extrusion unit 102, start the extrusion unit 102. According to the preset printing program, the second driving component drives the extrusion unit 102 to move along the x-axis or y-axis, and stack the printing material layer by layer on the printing plate 103. The first driving component cooperates to control the printing platform 101 to slide radially up and down within the main frame 100 to complete the three-dimensional model printing. S2: After the product printing is completed, the first driving component drives the printing platform 101 to descend to a preset position. At this time, the four lever-type clamping cylinders 804 cancel the clamping of the printing plate 103, and the two lifting cylinders 806 drive the lifting member 807 to lift the printing plate 103 upward by a certain distance so that its height is adapted to the transposition unit 2.

[0038] S3: Coordinated operation of transposition and cooling. The clamping mechanism of the transposition unit 2 has double clamping ends. Before the current printing is completed, the previous printing bottom plate has completed the shoveling process at the shoveling unit 302, and one of the clamping ends of the clamping mechanism has clamped the shoveled printing bottom plate; when the printing unit 1 completes this printing, the clamping mechanism clamps the printing bottom plate with the printed product; the sliding vertical frame 201 moves along the slide rail of the assembly bottom plate 200 to the corresponding position of the cooling device 4, and the rotating table 204 drives the two printing bottom plates to rotate clockwise by 90°, so that the printing bottom plate with the printed product is transferred into the cooling area; after the sensor on the surface of the frame 400 of the cooling device 4 detects the entry of the printing bottom plate, the fluid driving element 404 is immediately started; at the same time, the cooling device 4 is linked with the dynamic cooling mechanism, and the reaction tank 603 senses the fluid temperature in real time, and intelligently controls the switching of the fluid between the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit based on the temperature data to achieve efficient cooling. S4: Automatic unloading. After the cooling is completed, the transposition unit 2 drives the two printing bottom plates to rotate clockwise by 90° again to complete the transposition; the sliding vertical frame 201 first transfers the empty printing bottom plate to the printing unit 1 for subsequent printing, and then transfers the printing bottom plate carrying the printed product to the enclosed limiting area of the unloading unit 3; the movable base 301 drives the shoveling unit 302 to move to the printing bottom plate, and the gear motor 303 drives the shovel 305 to separate the printed product from the plate; during this process, the limiting mechanism stably limits the printing plate 103, and the mechanical gripper 312 synchronously assists in holding the printed part; after the shoveling is completed, the mechanical gripper 312 transfers the printed part to the preset collection area. S5: Equipment reset. Each unit performs a reset operation to complete the initialization of the equipment state and prepare for the next printing task.

[0039] In the large FDM printer described in the present invention, each electrical component is electrically connected to an external main controller and 220V mains. Among them, the main controller can adopt a conventional known control device such as a computer.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms pointed out by the present invention, such as "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large FDM printer, comprising a printing unit (1), a transposition unit (2) and a discharging unit (3), characterized in that: The printing unit (1) includes a main frame (100), and a printing platform (101) is arranged inside the main frame (100). The printing platform (101) is connected to a first driving component for controlling its radial up and down sliding inside the main frame (100). An extrusion unit (102) is further arranged at the top of the main frame (100). A second driving component for controlling the movement of the extrusion unit (102) along the x-axis or y-axis is also arranged inside the main frame (100). A fixing component for fixing the printing plate (103) and a lifting component for lifting the printing plate (103) are arranged on the printing platform (101). The discharging unit (3) includes a machine base (300), and a movable base (301) is arranged on the top surface of the machine base (300), and a material shoveling unit (302) is arranged on the top surface of the movable base (301). A limiting mechanism for placing the printing plate (103) and limiting the printing plate (103) is further arranged on the top surface of the machine base (300) on one side of the material shoveling unit (302). The transposition unit (2) includes an assembly bottom plate (200) fixedly installed between the main frame (100) and the machine base (300). A sliding vertical frame (201) is slidably arranged on the assembly bottom plate (200). A clamping mechanism for clamping the printing platform (101) and driving the printing platform (101) to rotate and transpose is arranged on the sliding vertical frame (201). A cooling device (4) is arranged on one side of the transposition unit (2). The transposition unit (2) controls the printing platform (101) to transpose to pass through the cooling unit before reaching the discharging unit (3). The cooling unit is used for cooling the printed product.

2. The large FDM printer according to claim 1, wherein: Two first slide rails (202) are correspondingly arranged on the assembly bottom plate (200). First sliders (203) adapted to the two first slide rails (202) are distributed at the four corners of the bottom of the sliding vertical frame (201). A rotating table top (204) is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the sliding vertical frame (201). The clamping mechanism includes two support rods (205) correspondingly arranged on the rotating table top (204). A fixed base plate (206) is jointly installed at the left and right ends of the two support rods (205). Two assembly seats (207) are correspondingly installed on the outer side of the top surface of the fixed base plate (206), and clamping jaws (208) are installed on the assembly seats (207). A first power source (209) for driving the two clamping jaws (208) to clamp or loosen is also installed on the top surface of the fixed base plate (206).

3. The large FDM printer according to claim 1, wherein: On the top surface of the assembly base plate (200), two cylinder barrels (5) are correspondingly installed. An active plug member (500) is disposed inside the cylinder barrel (5) to divide the cylinder barrel (5) into two cavities. The active plug member (500) includes a rod portion (501) and a plug head portion (502). A guiding hole (503) penetrating the rod portion (501) is formed at the center of the plug head portion (502). A matching sliding rod (504) is slidably disposed in the guiding hole (503). A plurality of first matching holes (505) for enabling the two cavities to communicate with each other are formed in the plug head portion (502). The first matching holes (505) are distributed along the axial direction of the plug head portion (502) and are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the central axis. A guiding seat (506) is fixedly installed at the corresponding position of the plug head portion (502) where the two groups of first matching holes (505) are located. The guiding seat (506) is provided with a plurality of second matching holes (507) adapted to the respective first matching holes (505). A dynamic adjusting plate (508) is slidably disposed outside the guiding seat (506), and the dynamic adjusting plate (508) is provided with a third matching hole (509) adapted to the first matching holes (505) and the second matching holes (507). One ends of the two dynamic adjusting plates (508) close to the guiding hole (503) are rotatably connected to a linkage arm (510). The other ends of the two linkage arms (510) are rotatably connected to the inner end of the sliding rod. Two extension plates (511) are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the sliding vertical frame (201), and a vertical plate (512) is connected to the outer ends of the extension plates (511). The end of the matching sliding rod (504) facing away from the linkage arm (510) is fixedly connected to the vertical plate (512). An outer ring of the end of the rod portion (501) of the active plug member (500) facing away from the plug head portion (502) is formed with a limiting abutting ring (513). A limiting sleeve (514) is formed at the connection between the vertical plate (512) and the matching sliding rod (504). The matching sliding rod (504) penetrates and extends into the limiting sleeve (514) and is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the limiting sleeve (514). The rod portion (501) penetrates and extends into the limiting sleeve (514) and has a limiting abutting ring (513) on its outer ring. A first spring member (515) is sleeved between the limiting abutting ring (513) and the inner bottom wall of the limiting sleeve (514). When the sliding vertical frame (201) slides left and right, through the cooperation between the vertical plate (512) and the matching sliding rod (504), the active plug member (500) is driven to slide in the cylinder barrel (5) to ensure the smooth sliding of the sliding vertical frame (201). When the sliding vertical frame (201) slides, the force is applied to the matching sliding rod (504) through the vertical plate (512). The matching sliding rod (504) drives the dynamic adjusting plate (508) to reciprocally slide along the guiding seat (506) through the cooperation with the linkage arm (510), thereby changing the effective flow aperture of the liquid flow channel between the third matching hole (509) and the second matching hole (507).

4. The large FDM printer according to claim 1, wherein: The cooling device (4) includes a frame (400), and a vertical plate (401) is formed on the top surface of the frame (400). Two cooling air chambers (402) are correspondingly arranged at the front end of the vertical plate (401), and a plurality of air outlets (403) are formed at the front end of the cooling air chambers (402). Fluid driving elements (404) are fixedly installed at the front end of the cooling air chambers (402) corresponding to each air outlet (403). A plurality of cooling pipes (405) are commonly penetrated between the two cooling air chambers (402). Each cooling pipe (405) is commonly connected with a liquid inlet header (406) and a liquid outlet header (407). The liquid inlet header (406) and the liquid outlet header (407) are commonly connected with a dynamic cooling mechanism. The dynamic cooling mechanism includes a first cooling circuit and a second cooling circuit. The first cooling circuit includes a cooling box (6), a solenoid valve (600), a confluence tank (601), a first liquid pump (602), and a reaction tank (603). The cooling box (6) is connected and communicated with the liquid outlet header (407) through a pipeline. The reaction tank (603) is connected and communicated with the liquid inlet header (406) through a pipeline. The second cooling circuit includes a second liquid pump (604) and two cooling tanks (605). The two cooling tanks (605) are commonly connected with a liquid delivery tank (709), and the liquid delivery tank (709) is connected and communicated with the confluence tank (601) through a pipeline. The reaction tank (603) senses the fluid temperature to control its flow through the first cooling circuit or the second cooling circuit.

5. The large FDM printer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling box (6) has a first liquid inlet joint (606) and a first liquid outlet joint (607). The first liquid inlet joint (606) is connected and communicated with the liquid outlet header (407) through a pipeline. The first liquid outlet joint (607) is connected and communicated with the solenoid valve (600) through a pipeline. The top surface of the cooling box (6) is open, and two limiting sliding grooves (608) are correspondingly opened at the front and rear sides. The top surface of the cooling box (6) has a cooling upper cover, and the cooling upper cover has limiting parts (609) adapted to the two limiting sliding grooves (608). A plurality of heat dissipation fins (610) are radially distributed on the top surface of the cooling upper cover. The two heat dissipation fins (610) at the top have hook-shaped disturbing parts. The surfaces of each heat dissipation fin (610) have serrated textures.

6. The large FDM printer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reaction tank (603) includes a second liquid inlet joint (611) and a second liquid outlet joint (612). The second liquid inlet joint (611) is connected and communicated with a first liquid pump (602) through a pipeline, and two side branch channels (613) are formed at the inner end of the second liquid inlet joint (611). The second liquid outlet joint (612) is connected and communicated with a liquid inlet main joint (406) through a pipeline. A medium cavity (614) is formed in the middle of the reaction tank (603), and a reaction medium is disposed in the medium cavity (614). A matching plug (615) is movably disposed in the medium cavity (614). One end of the top surface of the matching plug (615) has a top column (616), and a first limiting ring (617) is disposed on the outer circle of the top column (616). A contact inductor (618) is disposed on the inner wall of the medium cavity (614) facing the top column (616), and a second limiting ring (619) is disposed on the outer circle of the contact inductor (618). A second spring member (620) is sleeved on the outer circles of the first limiting ring (617) and the second limiting ring (619) together.

7. The large FDM printer according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first cavity (7) and a second cavity (700) are formed in the liquid delivery tank (709). The first cavity (7) has a third liquid inlet joint (701) and a third liquid outlet joint (702). The second cavity (700) has a fourth liquid inlet joint (703) and a fourth liquid outlet joint (704). The third liquid inlet joint (701) and the fourth liquid inlet joint (703) are connected and communicated with two cooling tanks (605) through pipelines respectively. The third liquid outlet joint (702) and the fourth liquid outlet joint (704) are connected and communicated with a converging tank (601) through pipelines. A movable block (705) is slidably disposed in the first cavity (7), and a plurality of third spring members (706) are disposed between the cavity and the movable block (705). A movable column (707) is slidably disposed in the second cavity (700), and the movable column (707) has a driving column (708) extending outside the tank body. The driving column (708) is drivingly connected to an external power source to drive it to reciprocate in the second cavity (700). Refrigeration pipes are disposed in both of the two cooling tanks (605).

8. The large FDM printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first driving assembly includes four second slide rails (8) fixedly installed in the main frame (100) and distributed in a rectangular shape. A second slider (800) is arranged on each of the second slide rails (8). The left and right two second sliders (800) on the same side are jointly connected to an assembly substrate (801), and the printing platform (101) is installed between the two assembly substrates (801). A plurality of first through openings (802) are formed at the four corners of the top surface of the printing platform (101). A first fixing plate (803) is arranged at the corresponding position of each first through opening (802) below the printing platform (101). A lever-type clamping cylinder (804) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first fixing plate (803). A second fixing plate (805) is fixedly installed at the center of the four first fixing plates (803) below the printing platform (101). Two lifting cylinders (806) are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the second fixing plate (805), and the output shaft of the lifting cylinder (806) is drivingly connected to a lifting member (807). The printing platform (101) is provided with a second through opening (808) for the lifting member (807) to move at the corresponding position of each lifting cylinder (806). The second driving unit includes two third slide rails (809) arranged corresponding to the left and right at the top inside the main frame (100). A third slider (810) is slidably arranged on each of the two third slide rails (809), and an installation seat (811) is provided on the top surface of the third slider (810). A fourth slide rail (813) is fixedly installed between the two installation seats (811). The fourth slide rail (813) is provided with a fourth slider (814), and the extrusion unit (102) is fixedly connected to the fourth slider (814).

9. The large FDM printer according to claim 1, wherein: The material shoveling unit (302) includes a gear motor (303) fixedly installed on the top surface of the movable base (301). The output shaft of the gear motor (303) is connected to a tool holder (304), and the tool holder (304) is connected to a material shovel (305). The limiting mechanism includes two cross plates (306) fixedly installed on the top surface of the machine base (300). A limiting abutting plate (307) is installed at one end of the two cross plates (306). A plurality of supporting plates (308) are distributed in the enclosed area between the two cross plates (306) and the limiting abutting plate (307) on the top surface of the machine base (300). The supporting plates (308) are used to provide support for the printing bottom plate to be shoveled with material. The cross plates (306) and the limiting abutting plate (307) form an enclosed limit for the printing bottom plate to be printed. Two fifth slide rails (309) are fixedly installed on the top surface of the machine base (300) at the corresponding position of the movable base (301). Fifth sliders (310) adapted to the two fifth slide rails (309) are installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the movable base (301). A supporting platform plate (311) is further installed on one side of the machine base (300). A mechanical gripper (312) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the supporting platform plate (311). The mechanical gripper (312) holds the printed part during material shoveling and transfers the printed part to a preset area for collection after material shoveling.

10. A working method of the large FDM printer according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Printing preparation. Start the dynamic cooling mechanism to make the cooling device (4) in a standby state. Install the printing material onto the extrusion unit (102), start the extrusion unit (102). According to the preset printing program, the second driving component drives the extrusion unit (102) to move along the x-axis or y-axis, and stack the printing material layer by layer on the printing plate (103). The first driving component cooperates to control the printing platform (101) to slide radially up and down within the main frame (100) to complete the three-dimensional model printing; S2: After the product printing is completed, the first driving component drives the printing platform (101) to descend to a preset position. At this time, the four lever-type clamping cylinders (804) cancel the clamping of the printing plate (103), and the two jacking cylinders (806) drive the jacking member (807) to jack up the printing plate (103) by a certain distance so that its height is adapted to the transposition unit (2); S3: Coordinated operation of transposition and cooling. The clamping mechanism of the transposition unit (2) has double clamping ends. Before the current printing is completed, the previous printing bottom plate has completed the material shoveling process in the material shoveling unit (302), and one of the clamping ends of the clamping mechanism has clamped the printed bottom plate after material shoveling; when the printing unit (1) completes the current printing, the clamping mechanism clamps the printing bottom plate with the printed product. The sliding vertical frame (201) moves along the slide rail of the assembly bottom plate (200) to the corresponding position of the cooling device (4), and the rotating table (204) drives the two printing bottom plates to rotate clockwise by 90°, so that the printing bottom plate with the printed product is transferred into the cooling area; after the sensor on the surface of the frame (400) of the cooling device (4) detects the entry of the printing bottom plate, it immediately starts the fluid driving element (404); at the same time, the cooling device (4) is linked with the dynamic cooling mechanism, and the reaction tank (603) senses the fluid temperature in real time, and intelligently controls the switching of the fluid between the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit based on the temperature data to achieve efficient cooling; S4: Automatic unloading. After the cooling is completed, the transposition unit (2) drives the two printing bottom plates to rotate clockwise by 90° again to complete the transposition; the sliding vertical frame (201) first transfers the empty printing bottom plate to the printing unit (1) for subsequent printing, and then transfers the printing bottom plate carrying the printed product to the enclosed limiting area of the unloading unit (3); the movable base (301) drives the material shoveling unit (302) to move to the printing bottom plate, and the gear motor (303) drives the shovel (305) to separate the printed product from the plate; during this process, the limiting mechanism firmly limits the printing plate (103), and the mechanical gripper (312) synchronously assists in holding the printed part; after the material shoveling is completed, the mechanical gripper (312) transfers the printed part to the preset collection area; S5: Equipment reset. Each unit performs a reset operation to complete the initialization of the equipment state and prepare for the next printing task.

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