Preparation method of novel explosive with high detonation velocity and primer

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel explosive with high detonation velocity. The novel explosive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-8 parts of perchlorate, 0-4 parts of nitrate and 3-7 parts of a reduced water-soluble organic solvent. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the novel explosive with the high detonation velocity and a primer with the novel explosive as a main explosive. The adopted raw materials are high in safety and wide in source, and compared with traditional ladder type and black ladder type detonators, the production safety risk can be remarkably reduced, and the stability of a raw material supply chain is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting. More specifically, the present invention relates to a preparation method of a new type of explosive with high detonation velocity and a detonator Background Art

[0002] A detonator is a relay detonating product used to detonate industrial explosives in the field of engineering blasting. Industrial explosives are usually site-mixed explosives, such as ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, emulsion explosive, etc. Using a detonator alone cannot fully detonate them. Usually, a detonator is used to detonate the detonator, and then the detonator detonates the industrial explosives. The product specifications of detonators range from 8 g to 1000 g, suitable for different blasting environments.

[0003] The current detonator products on the market are mainly divided into tetryl-TNT type, tetryl-TNT mixture type and detonators containing retired gunpowder type. They mainly use single-component explosives such as passivated TNT, PETN, RDX and retired gunpowder as the main charge explosives. These detonators have advantages such as large explosion power and long storage period. However, their main charge explosives belong to single-component high-power explosives, and all of the above are high-explosive class 1.1 explosives, which are accompanied by relatively high safety risks in all aspects such as raw material transportation, storage and detonator production. At the same time, the procurement channels for single-component explosives are relatively few, and the price fluctuates greatly, which has a greater impact on the production cost of detonators.

[0004] In blasting construction, in some domestic small mines or blasting activities, packaged emulsion explosive cartridges are used to replace the function of detonators. Compared with site-mixed emulsion explosives, the packaged emulsion explosive cartridges have higher sensitivity and can be directly detonated by a detonator, but their detonation velocity is much lower than that of high-explosives such as TNT, which will cause the detonation velocity of the site-mixed explosives after detonation to become lower, having an adverse impact on the blasting effect of the site-mixed explosives, and the acceptance in large mines in actual applications is relatively low.

[0005] When trying to solve these problems, researchers face many difficulties. On the one hand, to improve the safety of explosives while ensuring their performance such as high detonation velocity, in-depth research on the explosive formula and a large number of experiments are required to find suitable alternative materials and ratios. On the other hand, when developing new detonators, it is necessary to overcome the safety risks of existing detonators and improve their detonation performance to ensure that they can effectively detonate site-mixed explosives. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a preparation method of a new type of explosive with high detonation velocity and a detonator, which uses raw materials with high safety and wide sources, and can significantly improve the transportation and production safety compared with traditional detonators.

[0007] To achieve these objects and other advantages according to the present invention, a new type of high detonation velocity explosive is provided, comprising: 4 - 8 parts by weight of perchlorate, 0 - 4 parts by weight of nitrate, and 3 - 7 parts by weight of a reduced water-soluble organic solvent.

[0008] Preferably, the new type of explosive is crystalline.

[0009] Preferably, the perchlorate is one or more of sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, and calcium perchlorate.

[0010] Preferably, the perchlorate is anhydrous perchlorate.

[0011] Preferably, the nitrate is one or more of sodium nitrate and calcium nitrate.

[0012] Preferably, the reduced water-soluble organic solvent is one or more of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.

[0013] The preparation method of the new type of high detonation velocity explosive is as follows: 4 - 8 parts by weight of perchlorate and 0 - 4 parts by weight of nitrate are sequentially and slowly added to 3 - 7 parts by weight of the water-soluble organic solvent, heated to no more than 90 °C, continuously stirred until evenly mixed, the mixture is gradually cooled to form a supersaturated state, and crystals begin to precipitate, thus obtaining the product.

[0014] Initiator: Using the new type of high detonation velocity explosive as the main charge, it is directly filled into the initiator shell according to a fixed quantity, cooled to form crystals, and then the initiator is sealed.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, in terms of safety, the raw materials of the new type of explosive in the present invention are Class 5.1 oxidants or combustibles, not explosive substances. Compared with traditional initiators using single-component high-power explosives, the safety risks in transportation, storage, and production are greatly reduced, the procurement supply chain is broadened, and it has higher stability in the electromagnetic environment, facilitating information-based management and control.

[0016] Second, in terms of detonation velocity, the new type of explosive in the present invention shows excellent detonation velocity. In the comparative experiment, when using the initiator of the present invention to initiate the in-hole detonation velocity of the on-site mixed heavy emulsion explosive, the average value is 5263 m / s. Compared with the average detonation velocity of 5194 m / s when using traditional initiators, under the same loading weight, the detonation velocity of initiating the on-site mixed heavy emulsion explosive reaches that of traditional initiators, and it has stronger applicability and higher efficiency in actual blasting operations.

[0017] Third, in terms of loading density, when loaded into the initiator, the charge density can reach 1.8 g / cm 3, higher than the detonator (1.35 - 1.7 g / cm³) with traditional single-component explosives as the main charge. A greater specific gravity is more conducive to use in water-containing blast holes and when loading emulsion explosives, avoiding the floating of the detonator.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description and partially understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0019] The following further details the present invention in combination with details so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the text of the specification.

[0020] It should be understood that terms such as "having", "comprising", and "including" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or their combinations.

[0021] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following implementation examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0022] A preparation method of a new high-explosion-velocity explosive, comprising: 4 - 8 parts by weight of perchlorate and 0 - 4 parts by weight of nitrate are sequentially added to 3 - 7 parts by weight of a reducing water-soluble organic solvent. To improve solubility, the water-soluble organic solvent should be heated to a certain temperature, for example, heated to no more than 90°C, and continuously stirred until the perchlorate and nitrate are completely added and mixed evenly. The mixture is gradually cooled to form a supersaturated state, and crystals start to precipitate, obtaining the new explosive.

[0023] Preferably, the perchlorate is one or more of sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, and calcium perchlorate. The perchlorate is anhydrous perchlorate.

[0024] Preferably, the nitrate is one or more of sodium nitrate and calcium nitrate.

[0025] Preferably, the water-soluble organic solvent is one or more of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.

[0026] In one example, calcium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, and diethylene glycol are used as reactants to prepare the new explosive. Diethylene glycol and calcium perchlorate may form a complex crystal with calcium ions as the central ion and diethylene glycol molecules as ligands. Calcium ions provide empty orbitals, and oxygen atoms in diethylene glycol molecules provide lone electron pairs to form coordination bonds. In terms of spatial structure, various configurations may be formed, such as octahedral configuration, etc.

[0027] The crystal precipitation reaction formula is mainly: The explosion reaction formula is mainly as follows: The actual reaction is much more complex due to factors such as the mixture ratio and the initiation energy. Generally, the formula is adjusted to negative oxygen balance to increase the energy.

[0028] For the detonator, using the described new explosive as the main charge, after mixing evenly according to the above new explosive formula, the mixture is poured into the detonator casing for encapsulation, cooled until crystallization forms, and then the detonator is encapsulated, thus completing the manufacture of the detonator.

[0029] <Example 1> 256 g of calcium perchlorate and 16 g of sodium nitrate were successively added to 128 g of diethylene glycol, heated to no more than 90 °C, and continuously stirred during the addition until the calcium perchlorate and sodium nitrate were completely added and mixed evenly. The mixture was poured into a 400 g detonator casing, cooled for 30 min to form crystals, and the detonator was encapsulated.

[0030] <Example 2> 200 g of potassium perchlorate and 50 g of calcium nitrate were successively added to 150 g of triethylene glycol, heated to no more than 90 °C, and continuously stirred during the addition until the potassium perchlorate and calcium nitrate were completely added and mixed evenly. The mixture was poured into a 400 g detonator casing, cooled for 30 min to form crystals, and the detonator was encapsulated.

[0031] <Example 3> 218 g of sodium perchlorate was added to 182 g of propylene glycol, heated to no more than 90 °C, and continuously stirred during the addition until the sodium perchlorate was completely added and mixed evenly. The mixture was poured into a 400 g detonator casing, cooled for 30 min to form crystals, and the detonator was encapsulated.

[0032] <Comparative Example 1> A 400 g detonator was used, and TNT and RDX were loaded as the main charges.

[0033] <Comparative Example 2> A 400 g detonator was used, and a high-power water gel explosive was loaded as the main charge.

[0034] <Comparative detonation experiment> The actual initiation ability of the detonator can usually be characterized by detecting the detonation velocity of the on-site mixed explosive. Comparative initiation experiments were carried out on the detonators prepared by the formulations of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The same 400 g detonator was used to initiate the on-site mixed heavy emulsion explosive (70% emulsion + 30% ammonium nitrate). The hole depth was 11 m and the hole diameter was 165 mm. The SHOTTRACK in-hole detonation velocity meter was used to measure the detonation velocity, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 As can be seen from Table 1, when the traditional detonators prepared in Comparative Examples 1-2 and the novel detonators of Example 1 of the present invention initiate the on-site mixed explosive with the same charge weight, the measured detonation velocities of the on-site mixed explosives in each group are basically the same, indicating that under the same filling weight, the performance of the novel detonators of the present invention can be comparable to that of the traditional detonators and is much higher than that of the emulsion explosive.

[0036] <Comparative filling experiment> Table 2 As can be seen from Table 2, the charge density of the traditional detonators prepared in Comparative Examples 1-2 is 1.35 - 1.7 g / cm 3 , and the charge density of the novel detonators prepared in Example 1 of the present invention can reach 1.8 g / cm 3 , which is more suitable for water hole charging operations.

[0037] <Detonator initiation experiment> The detonating charge of the detonator prepared in Example 1 was tested for detonation velocity in accordance with GJB 5891.21-2006, and the test results are shown in Table 3.

[0038] Table 3 As can be seen from Table 3, the measured average detonation velocity after filling the detonator with the formulation of Example 1 is 6615 m / s, which is the same as that of the retired powder detonator and slightly lower than that of the tetryl-based and tetryl-picric acid-based detonators.

[0039] In summary, the raw materials of the present invention are not explosive and have a long storage period, which is beneficial to the long-term storage and ready use of explosives. Under the same main charge mass, the initiation performance of the present invention is basically the same as that of the traditional detonators, and it has the characteristics of high detonation velocity, and its performance is superior to that of the detonators with high-power emulsion explosive as the main charge.

[0040] The equipment quantities and processing scales described herein are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0041] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, additional modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A new type of explosive with a high detonation velocity, characterized in that, Comprising: 4 - 8 parts by weight of perchlorate, 0 - 4 parts by weight of nitrate and 3 - 7 parts by weight of reducing water-soluble organic solvent.

2. The novel high-explosive velocity explosive as claimed in claim 1, wherein The novel explosive is in crystal form.

3. The novel high-velocity explosive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perchlorate is one or more of sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate.

4. The novel high-explosion-velocity explosive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perchlorate is anhydrous perchlorate.

5. The novel high-explosion-velocity explosive according to claim 1, wherein, The nitrate is one or more of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate.

6. The novel high-velocity explosive as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The reducing water-soluble organic solvent is one or more of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol.

7. The preparation method of the novel high-explosion-velocity explosive according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, 4 - 8 parts by weight of perchlorate and 0 - 4 parts by weight of nitrate are slowly added successively into 3 - 7 parts by weight of water-soluble organic solvent, heated, continuously stirred until evenly mixed, the mixture is gradually cooled to form a supersaturated state, and crystals start to precipitate, thus obtaining it.

8. Initiator, characterized in that, Using the novel high-explosive velocity explosive described in any one of claims 1 - 6 as the main charge explosive, directly quantitatively filled into the detonator shell, cooled to form crystals, and then the detonator is encapsulated.

Images