Buffer shock test equipment and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of equipment testing, in particular to shock test equipment and method for a buffer. Comprising a supporting body, a first spring and a telescopic piece are installed at the top of the supporting body, and a pressure sensor is installed at the joint of the top of the supporting body and the first spring; a positioning mechanism is fixedly mounted at the telescopic end of the telescopic piece; a lifting mechanism is installed at the top of the supporting body, the free end of the lifting mechanism is connected with an impact part, and the lifting mechanism is used for pulling the impact part to the designated height. The positioning mechanism is used for positioning and adjusting the initial position of the impact part, and the first spring is located over the impact part; buffers are placed at the bottom of the supporting body. The shock test equipment for the buffer can adjust the impact speed and the impact acceleration of the impact part by changing the external force applied to the impact part and the mass of the impact part, so that extreme working conditions such as high-speed impact and multiple impacts are simulated, and the performance redundancy of the buffer in a limit state is verified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of equipment testing, and more particularly, to a buffer shock test equipment and method. Background Art

[0002] As a mechanical device, the main function of a buffer is to control and reduce the movement speed and energy of mechanical components, and improve the safety of mechanical components during use. In order to simulate sudden impacts encountered in actual use (such as collisions, explosion shocks, earthquakes, mechanical failures, etc.), before the buffer is put into use, the testing agency usually uses a shock test equipment with fixed parameters to verify its performance. The core principle of such equipment is to apply a unidirectional impact load to the buffer by allowing an impact member with a preset mass to freely fall from a fixed height or by mechanical drive to generate a constant acceleration. However, this conventional method mainly has three significant limitations: 1. Insufficient acceleration adjustment ability: The impact acceleration is limited by the mass of the impact member, the release height, or the inherent characteristics of the drive mechanism, making it difficult to achieve dynamic and continuous acceleration adjustment, resulting in a narrow coverage of test conditions and an inability to accurately simulate complex and variable real impact environments (such as different collision speeds and energy level scenarios); 2. Low test efficiency: It is necessary to change the acceleration by physically replacing the mass of the impact member or adjusting the mechanical structure, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. Especially in multi-parameter combination tests, it is easy to introduce human errors and affect data consistency; 3. Single impact angle: The traditional equipment uses a fixed-direction impact mode and cannot adjust the impact angle according to the actual installation direction or load characteristics of the buffer.

[0003] Regarding the second and third problems mentioned above, the applicant has proposed an innovative solution (see a buffer performance test equipment with the Chinese patent application number: 202510205308.8). This solution designs a structure that can adjust the contact surface angle of the impact member, and at the same time adjusts its mass by injecting water into the impact member. It can not only accurately control the size of the impact energy, solve the problem of narrow test coverage caused by the fixed impact mass and single angle of traditional equipment, but also, compared with physically replacing the impact member or adjusting the mechanical structure, the water injection adjustment and electric angle control significantly simplify the parameter switching process and reduce the test time cost.

[0004] This application focuses on the dynamic adjustment ability of impact acceleration (achieved through a dual-path of mass change and external force application). After retrieval, it is found that in current buffer shock test equipment, the shock test of the buffer is basically carried out by the free fall of the impact piece, and the acceleration of the impact piece cannot be adjusted arbitrarily as needed. For example, a polyurethane buffer performance detector disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent (CN117554110A) conducts an impact test on the polyurethane buffer through free fall. Although a following structure for impact is designed in the structure, this structure only maintains the acceleration of the impact piece. Therefore, the applicant has invented a buffer shock test equipment that can adjust the acceleration of the impact piece to provide a high-precision test environment for the performance evaluation of the buffer under complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a buffer shock test equipment and method. The buffer shock test equipment can adjust the impact speed and impact acceleration of the impact piece by changing the external force applied to the impact piece and the mass of the impact piece, so as to simulate extreme working conditions such as high-speed impact and multiple impacts, and verify the performance redundancy of the buffer under extreme conditions.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows. A buffer shock test equipment includes a support main body. A first spring and a telescopic member are installed at the top of the support main body. A pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the top of the support main body and the first spring. The telescopic end of the telescopic member is fixedly installed with a positioning mechanism. A lifting mechanism is installed at the top of the support main body. The free end of the lifting mechanism is connected with an impact piece. The lifting mechanism is used to pull the impact piece to a specified height. The positioning mechanism is used to position and adjust the initial position of the impact piece. The first spring is located directly above the impact piece. The bottom of the support main body is used to place the buffer.

[0007] Further, the positioning mechanism includes an annular positioning box, a gear ring, a driving mechanism, the same number of first racks, positioning members, and driven gears. The top of the positioning box is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member. The gear ring is slidably installed on the inner side wall of the positioning box. The rotating shafts of multiple driven gears are rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the positioning box. Multiple driven gears are simultaneously engaged with the gear ring. Multiple driven gears are corresponding to and meshed with multiple first racks. The first racks are slidably connected to the side wall of the positioning box. The end of the first rack close to the inner ring of the positioning box is fixedly connected with the positioning member. The positioning member slidably penetrates through the inner ring side wall of the positioning box. The positioning member can contact the impact piece to position the impact piece. The driving mechanism can simultaneously drive multiple driven gears to rotate.

[0008] Further, the driving mechanism includes a first stepper motor and a driving gear. The first stepper motor is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the positioning box. The output end of the first stepper motor is connected to the center of the driving gear. The driving gear is engaged with the gear ring.

[0009] Further, a liquid pressurizing mechanism is installed on the top of the support body, and the inside of the impact member is a cavity; the liquid pressurizing mechanism is connected with a shunt pipeline, and the shunt pipeline includes a main pipe, two branch pipes and a valve body; one end of the main pipe is connected with the liquid pressurizing mechanism, the other end is connected with the two branch pipes, and the valve body is installed at the connection of the main pipe and the branch pipes; one end of one of the branch pipes far away from the main pipe is connected with a hose, and the end of the hose far away from the branch pipe is located in the inner cavity of the impact member; the end of the other branch pipe far away from the valve body is connected with the driving mechanism.

[0010] Further, the driving mechanism includes a pressurizing cylinder body, a piston, a push rod, a second spring and a second rack. The pressurizing cylinder body is installed on the outer side wall of the positioning box. The piston is arranged in the pressurizing cylinder body in a sealed and sliding manner. The two ends of the push rod are respectively connected with the piston and the second rack. The second rack slides through the positioning box and meshes with one of the driven gears; the pressurizing cylinder body is connected with the branch pipe; the second spring is sleeved on the push rod, and the two ends of the second spring are respectively connected with the piston and the end of the pressurizing cylinder body.

[0011] Further, the valve body includes a spherical shell, a rotating sphere and a second stepping motor; the shell is connected with the main pipe and the two branch pipes at the same time. The rotating sphere is installed in the shell, and the control end of the second stepping motor is connected with the rotating sphere; an L-shaped channel is opened in the rotating sphere. One end of the L-shaped channel is kept in communication with the main pipe, and the other end can be respectively communicated with the two branch pipes when the rotating sphere rotates.

[0012] Further, the top of the impact member is a hollow bracket. A plurality of groups of limit bolts are detachably installed on the side wall of the impact member along its height direction. A sliding plate is arranged in the impact member in a sealed and sliding manner. The end of the hose far away from the branch pipe is located in the sealed space formed by the sliding plate and the impact member.

[0013] Further, the valve body includes a sealing plate, a limiting ring, a third spring and a support frame; the support frame and the limiting ring are fixedly installed in the branch pipe connected with the driving mechanism. The two ends of the third spring are respectively connected with the support frame and the sealing plate. The sealing plate is closely attached to the limiting ring under the action of the pulling force of the third spring; a return pipe is installed on the outer side wall of the pressurizing cylinder body. The other end of the return pipe is connected with the liquid storage tank, and a valve is installed on the return pipe.

[0014] Further, the liquid pressurizing mechanism includes a liquid storage tank and a two-way pump. The two ends of the two-way pump are respectively connected with the liquid storage tank and the main pipe.

[0015] The present invention also provides a test method for the shock test of the buffer. The test method measures the impact acceleration and the compression displacement of the first spring by inputting the target impact speed, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Measure the acceleration of the impact member at the moment of impacting the buffer. The calculation formula is: ; Wherein, For the overall quality of the impact part, is the pulling force of the lifting mechanism, unit: , is the air resistance coefficient, is the air density, , is the windward area of the impact part, unit: , is the target impact speed of the impact part hitting the buffer, unit: ; (2) The calculation formula for the compression displacement of the first spring 10 is: ; ; Among them, is the distance between the bottom of the first spring and the buffer at its natural length, unit: , is the initial velocity given by the spring release, unit: , is the energy consumption of the air resistance on the impact part during the spring release stage, unit: , is the energy consumption of the air resistance on the impact part during the free fall stage, unit: , is the elastic coefficient of the first spring, unit: , is the compression displacement of the first spring, unit: .

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Connect the impact part with the lifting mechanism, and adjust the compression amount of the first spring by the positioning mechanism, so as to adjust the speed of the impact part hitting the buffer; in addition, a test method for the shock test of the buffer provided by this application can accurately obtain the relationship between the speed and acceleration when hitting the buffer and the deformation amount of the first spring at the initial time; in this way, when the tester operates the equipment, only need to input the target impact speed, the equipment can automatically adjust the compression displacement of the impact part on the first spring, and calculate the impact acceleration, so as to simulate extreme working conditions such as high-speed impact and multiple impacts, and verify the performance redundancy of the buffer under extreme conditions; 2. The interior of the impact member is configured as a cavity. A liquid pressurizing mechanism is provided to inject liquid into the impact member. Meanwhile, a pressurizing cylinder is installed on the outer sidewall of the positioning box, a piston is installed inside the pressurizing cylinder, and the pressurizing cylinder is connected to the branch pipe. In this way, the mass of the entire impact member can be adjusted by controlling the volume of liquid injected into the impact member, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the impulse on the buffer and the acceleration magnitude at the moment of impact, improving the test working condition range. Moreover, with this structure, not only can the liquid be used to adjust the overall mass of the impact member, but also the pressure of the liquid can be directly utilized to release the impact member by the positioning mechanism, simplifying the control process. 3. Limit bolts are arranged along different heights on the sidewall of the impact member. Meanwhile, a sealed sliding plate is arranged inside the impact member, and the liquid outlet end of the hose is located in the sealed chamber formed by the sliding plate and the impact member. In this way, by screwing the limit bolts at different heights, the highest position of the sliding plate movement can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the mass of the entire impact member. In addition, an elastic one-way valve structure is arranged on another branch pipe in this application. In this way, after the chamber formed by the impact member and the sliding plate is filled with liquid, continuous pressurization by the liquid pressurizing mechanism enables the liquid to flush open the valve body and enter the pressurizing cylinder, so that the positioning member moves into the positioning box to release the impact member, further simplifying the control process. 4. A plurality of positioning members are respectively connected to the first rack. While a plurality of driven gears are engaged with the toothed ring, they are also respectively engaged with the corresponding first rack. In this way, the driving mechanism can control the movement of a plurality of positioning members simultaneously, realizing the positioning and release of the impact member by the positioning mechanism. 5. The pump body in the liquid pressurizing mechanism is set as a two-way pump. The two ends of the two-way pump are respectively connected to the liquid storage tank and the main pipe. It can not only inject the liquid in the liquid storage tank into the impact member, but also pump the liquid in the impact member back into the liquid storage tank, realizing the adjustment of the overall mass of the impact member. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is the front view of a buffer shock test device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the impact member of a buffer shock test device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention at the initial position; Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the impact member of a buffer shock test device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention when impacting the buffer; Figure 4 is the top view cross-sectional view of the positioning mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 is the front cross-sectional view of a buffer shock test device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 is Figure 5 the enlarged view of part A in Figure 7 It is a top view sectional view of the positioning mechanism provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 is Figure 7 the enlarged view at position B in Figure 9 It is a top view sectional view of the positioning mechanism provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention when the positioning member shrinks into the positioning box; Figure 10 It is a front view sectional view of a buffer shock test device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 11 is Figure 10 the enlarged view at position C in Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of the impact member in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 13 It is a top view of the impact member in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pressure cylinder in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0018] The reference numerals involved in the above-mentioned drawings: The reference numerals involved in the above-mentioned drawings: 1, top plate; 2, support rod; 3, bottom plate; 4, buffer; 5, positioning box; 6, electric telescopic rod; 7, cable; 8, power transmission belt; 9, roller; 10, first spring; 11, impact member; 12, positioning member; 13, toothed ring; 14, first rack; 15, limit bolt; 16, driving gear; 17, driven gear; 18, liquid storage tank; 19, main pipe; 20, two-way pump; 21, branch pipe; 22, hose; 23, housing; 24, rotating sphere; 25, second stepping motor; 26, L-shaped channel; 27, second rack; 28, pressure cylinder; 29, piston; 30, second spring; 31, push rod; 32, return pipe; 33, support frame; 34, sealing plate; 35, limit ring; 36, third spring; 37, sliding plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0021] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of this embodiment correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0022] Reference Figures 1 - 14 The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Embodiment 1: A buffer shock test device includes a support body, which is mainly composed of a top plate 1, a bottom plate 3 and a support rod 2. The bottom of the support rod 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 3, and the top of the support rod 2 is fixedly connected to the top plate 1. The bottom plate 3 is mainly used to fix the buffer 4. A spring 10 and a pressure sensor (not marked in the figure) are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the top plate 1. The pressure sensor can sense the elastic force of the spring 10. Two telescopic parts are also fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the top plate 1. In this embodiment, the telescopic part adopts an electric telescopic rod 6. The bottom of the electric telescopic rod 6 is a free end, and a positioning mechanism is fixedly installed on the free end. A lifting mechanism is fixedly installed on the top surface of the top plate 1. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the lifting mechanism is mainly composed of two rollers 9, a power transmission belt 8, a motor (not marked in the figure) and two cables 7. The two rollers 9 are installed on the top surface of the top plate 1, and the power transmission belt 8 is simultaneously sleeved on the rotating shafts of the two rollers 9. The output end of the motor is connected to one of the rollers 9. The two cables 7 are respectively wound on the two rollers 9, and the ends are connected to the top position of the impact piece 11. In this embodiment, the motor can be a servo motor. The servo motor has a built-in high-precision encoder (such as a photoelectric encoder or a magnetic encoder) that can feedback the rotor position and speed in real time. Since the radius of the roller 9 is fixed, the instantaneous falling speed of the impact piece 11 can be measured in real time. It should be noted that the length of the cable 7 is long enough to allow the impact piece 11 to collide with the buffer 4 normally when it falls. The impact piece 11 in this embodiment is a solid piece. In the initial state, the positioning mechanism adjusts the compression displacement of the impact piece 11 on the spring 10 through the limiting effect, so that the impact speed of the impact piece 11 on the buffer 4 can be changed by adjusting the compression amount of the spring 10.

[0024] The positioning mechanism of this embodiment is as follows Figures 2 - 4As shown in the figure, it mainly consists of a positioning box 5, a toothed ring 13, six first racks 14, six driven gears 17, six positioning members 12, a driving gear 16 and a first stepping motor; the positioning box 5 is annular, and the toothed ring 13 is slidably embedded in the inner side wall of the outer ring of the positioning box 5. Six through grooves are opened on the outer ring side wall of the positioning box 5 at equal arc length intervals, and the six first racks 14 are respectively slidably arranged in the through grooves, and the six first racks 14 are located in the same plane and are directly above the toothed ring 13. The six driven gears 17 are simultaneously engaged with the toothed ring 13, and the first racks 14 and the driven gears 17 are respectively corresponding and engaged. The axis of the driving gear 16 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first stepping motor, and the driving gear 16 is engaged with the toothed ring 13. In this way, when the first stepping motor drives the driving gear 16 to rotate, the driving gear 16 drives the toothed ring 13 to rotate, thereby simultaneously driving the six first racks 14 to slide. Six through holes are opened on the inner ring wall surface of the positioning box 5, and the six positioning members 12 respectively penetrate through the six through holes, and the six positioning members 12 are respectively connected to the ends of the first racks 14, so that the six positioning members 12 can be adjusted simultaneously. In the normal state, the position of the positioning member 12 is as shown in Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it is located in the vertical through groove in the middle of the positioning box 5. When the positioning box 5 moves upward, the six positioning members 12 can push the impact member 11 upward to squeeze the first spring 10. When the first rack 14 drives the positioning member 12 to slide into the positioning box 5, the positioning member 12 is separated from the impact member 11, and the impact member 11 pops out under the action of the first spring 10 and hits the buffer 4.

[0025] Since the impact member 11 in this embodiment is a solid member, this embodiment is mainly for adjusting the target impact speed of the impact member 11 hitting the buffer 4. In order to enable the tester to accurately adjust the impact speed and acceleration of the impact member 11 when hitting the buffer 4, the acceleration calculation formula for testing the impact of the impact member 11 on the buffer 4 in the control system is: ; Wherein, is the overall mass of the impact member, is the pulling force of the lifting mechanism, unit: is the air resistance coefficient, is the air density, is the windward area of the impact member, unit: is the target impact speed of the impact member hitting the buffer, unit: .

[0026] Since 、 、 、 、 ​​​All are known and constant values. When the tester inputs the target impact speed into the system the system can automatically calculate the corresponding acceleration value at the time of impact.

[0027] In the control system, the calculation formula for the compression displacement of spring 1 is: ; ; wherein, is the distance between the bottom of spring 1 and the buffer at its natural length , is the initial velocity imparted by the release of the spring , is the energy consumed by air resistance on the impact member during the spring release stage , is the energy consumed by air resistance on the impact member during the free fall stage , is the elastic coefficient of spring 1 , is the compression displacement of spring 1 .

[0028] Since the rotational speed value of the motor is transmitted to the system in real time and the radius of the drum 9 is fixed, the real-time speed of the impact member 11 can be calculated. During equipment debugging, since the distance between spring 1 10 and the buffer 4 is constant and the compression amount of spring 1 10 can be calculated by the pressure sensor, different and the corresponding values can be measured to calculate the air resistance energy consumption and for the entire process.

[0029] When the tester is testing, only the target impact speed needs to be input. The system will substitute the corresponding air resistance energy consumption and into the above formula to calculate the compression displacement of spring 1 10. In this way, the control system can adjust the positioning mechanism to compress spring 1 10 by the impact member 11 to the specified compression displacement amount.

[0030] Embodiment 2: A buffer shock test device, as Figures 5 - 9 , the main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is the different driving method of the driving mechanism. At the same time, the impact member 11 is a hollow member. This embodiment uses a hydraulic method to drive the positioning member 12 of the positioning mechanism to move. In this embodiment, a liquid storage tank 18 and a two-way pump 20 are installed on the top surface of the top plate 1. One end of the two-way pump 20 is connected to the liquid storage tank 18, and the other end is connected to the main pipe 19. CombiningFigure 6 As shown in the figure, a valve body is connected between the main pipe 19 and two branch pipes 21. One of the branch pipes 21 is connected to a hose 22. The hose 22 has a sufficient length so that it will not exert a pulling force on the impact member 11 during the free fall of the impact member 11. The end of the hose 22 is located in the hollow cavity of the impact member 11 and at the bottom of the hollow cavity. In this way, not only can the liquid in the liquid storage tank 18 be injected into the impact member 11, but also all the water in the impact member 11 can be pumped back into the liquid storage tank 18, thereby adjusting the mass of the impact member 11. In addition, a flow meter (not marked in the figure) is provided in the main pipe 19, so that the liquid filling amount can be accurately controlled. The end of the other branch pipe 21 is connected to the driving mechanism.

[0031] Combined with Figures 7 - 9 As shown in the figure, the driving mechanism of this embodiment mainly consists of a pressurizing cylinder body 28, a piston 29, a second spring 30, a push rod 31 and a second rack 27. The pressurizing cylinder body 28 is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the positioning box 5, and its end is connected to the branch pipe 21. The piston 29 is slidably installed in the pressurizing cylinder body 28. Both ends of the push rod 31 are respectively connected to the piston 29 and the second rack 27. The second rack 27 slidably penetrates through the positioning box 5, and the second rack 27 meshes with one of the driven gears. The second spring 30 is sleeved on the push rod 31. One end of the second spring 30 is fixedly connected to the piston 29, and the other end is connected to the positioning box 5. When the liquid enters the pressurizing cylinder body 28 from the branch pipe 21, the liquid under the pressurizing action of the two-way pump 20 pushes the push rod 31 and the second rack 27 to slide forward. The second rack 27 drives one of the driven gears 17 to rotate, and when the driven gear 17 rotates, it drives the other driven gears 17 to rotate together through the action of the toothed ring 13, thereby causing all the first racks 14 and the positioning members 12 to slide backward, realizing the release of the impact member 11.

[0032] Combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the valve body of this embodiment mainly consists of a spherical shell 23, a rotating sphere 24 and a second stepping motor 25. The main pipe 19 and the two branch pipes 21 are both fixedly installed on the shell 23. The included angles between the main pipe 19 and the two branch pipes 21 are both 90°. The rotating sphere 24 is arranged in the shell 23. An L-shaped channel 26 is opened in the rotating sphere 24. The output end of the second stepping motor 25 is connected to the rotating sphere 24. One end of the L-shaped channel 26 is always communicated with the main pipe 19, and the other end can be respectively communicated with the two branch pipes 21 when the rotating sphere 24 rotates.

[0033] After the tester sets the mass of the impact member 11, the two-way pump 20 pressurizes the liquid into the impact member 11, and the flowmeter records the injected liquid flow in real time. When the impact member 11 reaches the specified mass, the stepping motor two 25 drives the rotating sphere 24 to rotate, and the L-shaped channel 26 connects the main pipe 19 with another branch pipe 21, and the liquid is injected into the pressurizing cylinder 28. Then the impact member 11 can be immediately released. After the test is completed, the two-way pump 20 can pump the liquid in the pressurizing cylinder 28 and the liquid in the impact member 11 back into the liquid storage tank 18.

[0034] Since the mass of the impact member 11 can be adjusted in this embodiment, according to the acceleration calculation formula of the impact member 11 hitting the buffer 4 in the control system: ; The impact acceleration of the impact member 11 can be adjusted. When calculating the compression displacement value of the first spring 10, the tester needs to input the specified mass of the impact member 11 in the system.

[0035] Embodiment 3: A buffer shock test device, as Figures 10 - 14 shown. The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 lies in the different structures of the valve body and the impact member 11. Combining Figure 12 and Figure 13 shown, a sliding plate 37 is installed on the inner side wall of the impact member 11, and a sealed chamber is formed between the bottom surface of the sliding plate 37 and the impact member 11. Three groups of limit bolts 15 are arranged on the side wall of the impact member 11 along its height direction, and the number of each group of limit bolts 15 is 4. By rotating the limit bolts 15, the end of the limit bolt 15 is located inside the impact member 11 to limit the position of the sliding plate 37, thereby adjusting the maximum volume of the sealed chamber. Each group of limit bolts 15 corresponds to the maximum volume of a sealed chamber. The end of the hose 22 is located inside the sealed chamber. When the liquid is injected into the sealed chamber, the liquid can push the sliding plate 37 to slide upward, so that the sliding plate 37 moves to the highest point. The top of the impact member 11 is set as a bracket, which is mainly used to squeeze the first spring 10.

[0036] Combining Figure 11 shown, the valve of this embodiment adopts an elastic one-way valve structure and is installed on the branch pipe 21 connected to the driving mechanism. Specifically, it consists of a support frame 33, a third spring 36, a sealing plate 34 and a limit ring 35. The limit ring 35 and the support frame 33 are fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the branch pipe 21, and the two ends of the third spring 36 are respectively connected to the sealing plate 34 and the support frame 33. In the normal state, the third spring 36 tightly fits the sealing plate 34 on the limit ring 35 through the pulling force.

[0037] After the tester adjusts the limit bolt 15, the liquid is pressurized into the impact member 11. The sliding plate 37 slides upward under the action of the liquid. When the sliding plate 37 contacts the limit bolt 15, the double-direction pump 20 continues to pressurize. At this time, the liquid will flush open the sealing plate 34 and enter the pressurizing cylinder body 28, so that the positioning mechanism releases the impact member 11. Adopting this structure further simplifies the control process.

[0038] In order to let the liquid in the pressurizing cylinder body 28 return to the liquid storage tank 18, a return pipe 32 is connected between the pressurizing cylinder body 28 and the liquid storage tank 18 in this embodiment. The length of the return pipe 32 will not affect the lifting of the positioning mechanism. A valve (not marked in the figure) is also installed on the return pipe 32. When the liquid returns, the valve is opened. Under the elastic force of the second spring 30, the piston 29 makes the liquid return to the liquid storage tank 18.

[0039] The method for testing the impact acceleration, impact velocity and the corresponding spring compression displacement in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 2.

[0040] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buffer shock test device, comprising a support main body, characterized in that, At the top of the supporting main body, a first spring (10) and a telescopic member are installed. A pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the top of the supporting main body and the first spring (10); the telescopic end of the telescopic member is fixedly installed with a positioning mechanism; at the top of the supporting main body, a lifting mechanism is installed, and the free end of the lifting mechanism is connected with an impact member (11). The lifting mechanism is used to pull the impact member (11) to a specified height; the positioning mechanism is used to position and adjust the initial position of the impact member (11). The first spring (10) is located directly above the impact member (11); the bottom of the supporting main body is used to place a buffer (4).

2. The buffer shock test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism includes an annular positioning box (5), a toothed ring (13), a driving mechanism, a plurality of first racks (14) with the same quantity, a positioning member (12) and a driven gear (17); the top of the positioning box (5) is connected with the telescopic end of the telescopic member. The toothed ring (13) is slidably installed on the inner side wall of the positioning box (5). The rotating shafts of a plurality of driven gears (17) are rotatably connected with the inner side wall of the positioning box (5). A plurality of driven gears (17) are simultaneously meshed with the toothed ring (13). A plurality of driven gears (17) correspond to and mesh with a plurality of first racks (14). The first racks (14) are slidably connected with the side wall of the positioning box (5). The end of the first rack (14) close to the inner ring of the positioning box (5) is fixedly connected with the positioning member (12). The positioning member (12) is slidably arranged through the inner ring side wall of the positioning box (5); the positioning member (12) can be in contact with the impact member (11) to position the impact member (11); the driving mechanism can drive a plurality of driven gears (17) to rotate simultaneously.

3. The buffer shock test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a first stepping motor and a driving gear (16). The first stepping motor is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the positioning box (5). The output end of the first stepping motor is connected with the axis of the driving gear (16). The driving gear (16) is meshed with the toothed ring (13).

4. The buffer shock test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A liquid pressurizing mechanism is installed at the top of the supporting main body. The inside of the impact member (11) is a cavity; the liquid pressurizing mechanism is connected with a shunt pipeline. The shunt pipeline includes a main pipe (19), two branch pipes (21) and a valve body; one end of the main pipe (19) is connected with the liquid pressurizing mechanism, and the other end is connected with two branch pipes (21). The valve body is installed at the connection between the main pipe (19) and the branch pipes (21); one end of one branch pipe (21) far from the main pipe (19) is connected with a hose (22). The end of the hose (22) far from the branch pipe (21) is located in the cavity inside the impact member (11); the end of the other branch pipe (21) far from the valve body is connected with the driving mechanism.

5. A buffer shock test device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a pressurizing cylinder body (28), a piston (29), a push rod (31), a second spring (30) and a second rack (27). The pressurizing cylinder body (28) is installed on the outer wall of the positioning box (5). The piston (29) is hermetically and slidably arranged inside the pressurizing cylinder body (28). The two ends of the push rod (31) are respectively connected to the piston (29) and the second rack (27). The second rack (27) slidably penetrates through the positioning box (5) and meshes with one of the driven gears (17). The pressurizing cylinder body (28) is connected to the branch pipe (21). The second spring (30) is sleeved on the push rod (31), and the two ends of the second spring (30) are respectively connected to the piston (29) and the end of the pressurizing cylinder body (28).

6. A buffer shock test device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The valve body includes a spherical housing (23), a rotating sphere (24) and a second stepping motor (25). The housing (23) is simultaneously connected to the main pipe (19) and two branch pipes (21). The rotating sphere (24) is installed inside the housing (23). The control end of the second stepping motor (25) is connected to the rotating sphere (24). An L-shaped channel (26) is formed inside the rotating sphere (24). One end of the L-shaped channel (26) is kept in communication with the main pipe (19), and the other end can be respectively in communication with the two branch pipes (21) when the rotating sphere (24) rotates.

7. A buffer shock test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the impact member (11) is a hollowed-out bracket. A plurality of groups of limit bolts (15) are detachably installed on the side wall of the impact member (11) along its height direction. A sliding plate (37) is hermetically and slidably arranged inside the impact member (11). The end of the hose (22) far from the branch pipe (21) is located in the sealed space formed by the sliding plate (37) and the impact member (11).

8. The buffer shock test device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The valve body includes a sealing plate (34), a limit ring (35), a third spring (36) and a support frame (33). The support frame (33) and the limit ring (35) are fixedly installed inside the branch pipe (21) connected to the driving mechanism. The two ends of the third spring (36) are respectively connected to the support frame (33) and the sealing plate (34). The sealing plate (34) is closely attached to the limit ring (35) under the pulling force of the third spring (36). A return pipe (32) is installed on the outer wall of the pressurizing cylinder body (28). The other end of the return pipe (32) is connected to the liquid storage tank (18). A valve is installed on the return pipe (32).

9. A buffer shock test device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The liquid pressurizing mechanism includes a liquid storage tank (18) and a two-way pump (20). The two ends of the two-way pump (20) are respectively connected to the liquid storage tank (18) and the main pipe (19).

10. A test method for a buffer shock test, characterized in that, The test method measures the impact acceleration and the compression displacement of the first spring (10) by inputting the target impact speed, specifically as follows: (1) Measure the acceleration of the impact member (11) at the moment of hitting the shock absorber. The calculation formula is: ； Among them, is the overall mass of the impact part, is the pulling force of the lifting mechanism, unit: , is the air resistance coefficient, is the air density, , is the windward area of the impact part, unit: , is the target impact velocity of the impact part hitting the buffer, unit: ; (2) The calculation formula for calculating the compression displacement of the first spring (10) is: ； ； Among them, is the distance between the bottom of the first spring and the buffer when the first spring is at its natural length, with the unit of: , is the initial velocity imparted by the spring release, with the unit of: , is the energy consumed by the air resistance on the impact part during the spring release stage, with the unit of: , is the energy consumed by the air resistance on the impact part during the free fall stage, with the unit of: , is the elastic coefficient of the first spring, with the unit of: , is the compression displacement of the first spring, with the unit of: .

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