Printer toner cartridge mechanical structure with self-cleaning function

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of printing equipment manufacturing, and discloses a printer selenium drum mechanical structure with a self-cleaning function. The toner cartridge structurally comprises a toner cartridge shell, a photosensitive drum arranged in the toner cartridge shell and a rotatable cleaning scraper assembly, the rotatable cleaning scraper assembly comprises an elastic cleaning scraper and a rotary driving part, and a cutting edge of the elastic cleaning scraper and the surface of the photosensitive drum form an elastically attached cleaning gap; the gear transmission system comprises a driving gear in transmission connection with a main driving shaft of the printer and a driven gear fixedly connected with the rotary driving part; the waste powder recycling bin linkage mechanism comprises a shifting rod assembly in linkage with the rotary driving part and a swingable powder guide plate arranged at an inlet of the waste powder recycling bin, the shifting rod assembly drives the swingable powder guide plate to periodically change a waste powder collecting path when rotating along with the rotary driving part, and a spiral powder guide groove is formed in the inner wall of the waste powder recycling bin. The lower end of the spiral powder guide groove corresponds to the lower position of the cleaning gap and is used for guiding scraped waste powder into the waste powder storage area along the optimized path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of printing equipment manufacturing, and particularly to a mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function. Background Art

[0002] During the long-term use of a printer toner cartridge, the cleaning effect of residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum and the waste toner recovery efficiency are key issues affecting print quality and equipment life. Traditional toner cartridge cleaning structures usually use fixedly installed elastic scrapers, and only achieve toner scraping through the static fit of the scraper blade edge with the surface of the photosensitive drum, having the following technical defects: First, the blade edge of the fixed scraper contacts the same position of the photosensitive drum for a long time, which easily leads to increased local wear, causing uneven cleaning gaps, resulting in toner residue or scratching of the photosensitive drum; Second, the waste toner recovery path is single, relying only on gravity or simple powder guiding structures, and waste toner is prone to accumulate and block at the entrance of the recovery bin. Especially in high-load printing scenarios, the problem of waste toner caking significantly affects the recovery efficiency; Third, the cleaning component and the waste toner recovery mechanism are independent of each other, lacking a coordinated drive design, resulting in high system energy consumption and high maintenance costs.

[0003] In the prior art, although a few solutions have tried to improve the cleaning effect by swinging or vibrating the scraper, no linkage mechanism for optimizing the cleaning action and the waste toner recovery path has been formed, making it difficult to balance cleaning uniformity and waste toner diversion efficiency. For example, by designing a swingable cleaning scraper, but without involving the dynamic adjustment of the waste toner recovery path, it is impossible to solve the problem of waste toner blockage under complex working conditions; There are also some solutions that propose a spiral powder guiding structure, but the powder guiding power is separated from the cleaning component, resulting in redundant structure and complex control.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function to solve at least one of the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function, aiming to solve the problems that traditional toner cartridge cleaning structures usually use fixedly installed elastic scrapers, and only achieve toner scraping through the static fit of the scraper blade edge with the surface of the photosensitive drum, having the following technical defects: First, the blade edge of the fixed scraper contacts the same position of the photosensitive drum for a long time, which easily leads to increased local wear, causing uneven cleaning gaps, resulting in toner residue or scratching of the photosensitive drum; Second, the waste toner recovery path is single, relying only on gravity or simple powder guiding structures, and waste toner is prone to accumulate and block at the entrance of the recovery bin. Especially in high-load printing scenarios, the problem of waste toner caking significantly affects the recovery efficiency; Third, the cleaning component and the waste toner recovery mechanism are independent of each other, lacking a coordinated drive design, resulting in high system energy consumption and high maintenance costs.

[0006] This application provides a mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function, including: The toner cartridge housing includes a photosensitive drum disposed within the toner cartridge housing. A rotatable cleaning blade assembly includes an elastic cleaning blade disposed circumferentially around the photosensitive drum and a rotation driving portion that drives the elastic cleaning blade to rotate about a preset axis. A cleaning gap is formed by an elastic fit between the cutting edge of the elastic cleaning blade and the surface of the photosensitive drum. A gear transmission system includes a driving gear drivingly connected to a main driving shaft of a printer and a driven gear fixedly connected to the rotation driving portion. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear to transmit the driving force of the main driving shaft to the rotatable cleaning blade assembly. A waste toner recovery bin linkage mechanism includes a lever assembly linked to the rotation driving portion and a swingable powder guide plate disposed at an inlet of the waste toner recovery bin. When the lever assembly rotates with the rotation driving portion, it drives the swingable powder guide plate to periodically change the waste toner collection path. A spiral powder guide groove is provided on an inner wall of the waste toner recovery bin. The lower end of the spiral powder guide groove corresponds to a position below the cleaning gap, and its upper end extends to a waste toner storage area of the waste toner recovery bin. When the main driving shaft drives the photosensitive drum to rotate, the gear transmission system synchronously drives the elastic cleaning blade to rotate to scrape off residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum. At the same time, the waste toner recovery bin linkage mechanism guides the scraped waste toner into the waste toner storage area along an optimized path through the swing of the swingable powder guide plate and the guiding action of the spiral powder guide groove.

[0007] In some embodiments, the elastic cleaning blade is made of a silicone rubber composite material reinforced with carbon fiber, and the initial distance of the cleaning gap is dynamically calibrated within a range of 0.05 - 0.1 mm by an elastic pre-tightening adjustment member provided in the rotation driving portion.

[0008] In some embodiments, the rotation driving portion includes a driving shaft sleeve coaxially fixed to the driven gear. A spiral driving rib is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft sleeve. A spiral sliding groove is provided on an installation base portion of the elastic cleaning blade and is configured to cooperate with the spiral driving rib. When the spiral driving rib rotates with the driven gear, the rotational motion is converted into a slight reciprocating swing of the elastic cleaning blade through the spiral sliding groove.

[0009] In some embodiments, the gear transmission system includes a two-stage speed reduction gear set. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear through an intermediate idler gear. The tooth number ratio of the intermediate idler gear to the driving gear and the driven gear is 1:2:4, forming a transmission reduction ratio of 2:1 to match the rotational speed difference between the photosensitive drum and the cleaning blade assembly.

[0010] In some embodiments, the lever assembly includes an L-shaped lever fixedly connected to the rotary drive part. The swingable powder guide plate is hinged to the entrance of the waste powder recovery bin through a torsion spring. A columnar convex pin matching with the guide groove of the swingable powder guide plate is arranged at the free end of the L-shaped lever. When the columnar convex pin rotates with the rotary drive part, it drives the swingable powder guide plate to swing reciprocally by ±15°.

[0011] In some embodiments, the lead of the spiral powder guide groove is 1 / 4 - 1 / 2 of the circumference of the photosensitive drum. The depth of the spiral powder guide groove gradually increases at a gradient of 0.3 mm / mm from the position below the cleaning gap to the waste powder storage area direction. The groove wall of the spiral powder guide groove is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

[0012] In some embodiments, the waste powder recovery bin linkage mechanism further includes a vibration piece arranged below the swingable powder guide plate. The vibration piece is connected to the rotary drive part through a flexible connecting rod. The vibration piece generates a high-frequency micro-vibration of 20 - 50 Hz with the rotation frequency of the rotary drive part to break up the agglomerated waste powder.

[0013] In some embodiments, it further includes: a multi-modal sensor group integrated in the toner cartridge housing. The multi-modal sensor group at least includes a capacitance sensor for detecting the surface resistivity of the photosensitive drum, a piezoresistive sensor for monitoring the contact pressure of the elastic cleaning blade, and a laser ranging sensor for collecting the accumulation height of waste powder in the waste powder recovery bin. The intelligent control module is built-in with an adaptive cleaning algorithm for real-time collecting the surface resistance value, blade contact pressure, and waste powder height data sequence of the photosensitive drum through the multi-modal sensor group; establishing a cleaning parameter mapping model based on fuzzy logic: dynamically adjusting the driving voltage of the rotary drive part according to the surface resistance value to change the rotation speed of the blade, calibrating the cleaning gap in real time through the elastic pre-tightening adjustment part according to the blade contact pressure, and triggering the swing frequency adaptive compensation of the swingable powder guide plate according to the waste powder height data sequence; using a sliding window algorithm to detect outliers in the surface resistance value, blade contact pressure, and waste powder height data sequence of 50 consecutive working cycles. When any parameter fluctuates beyond the threshold, a maintenance warning signal is generated.

[0014] Exemplarily, the intelligent control module is built with an abnormal state recognition algorithm based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, which is used to detect the blockage fault of the spiral powder guiding groove. A vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the end of the spiral powder guiding groove of the waste powder recycling bin to collect vibration signals during the powder guiding process. The vibration signals are subjected to time-frequency conversion to generate time-frequency images, which are input into a lightweight neural network model containing 12 convolutional layers. The output layer of the lightweight neural network model uses a softmax classifier to identify three states: normal powder guiding, mild blockage, and severe blockage. When mild blockage is identified, the vibration amplitude of the vibration plate is automatically increased to 50 - 80 μm. When severe blockage is identified, the swingable powder guiding plate is triggered to swing with an overtravel of ±25°, and a fault code is sent to the printer main control system.

[0015] In some embodiments, the rotation driving part integrates a self-calibration intelligent algorithm, which is used to dynamically calibrate the cleaning gap through the slave gear angle encoder of the gear transmission system, including: in the printer initialization stage, controlling the elastic cleaning blade to approach the photosensitive drum in steps of 0.01 mm, and collecting the pressure mutation signals of the piezoresistive sensor; fitting the pressure-gap curve based on cubic spline interpolation to determine the optimal cleaning gap, where the optimal cleaning gap corresponds to the point with the maximum absolute value of the first derivative of the pressure-gap curve; during the working process, self-calibration is performed every 200 printing cycles, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for the real-time optimal gap that minimizes the toner residue rate within the range from 0.03 mm less than the optimal cleaning gap to 0.03 mm more than the optimal cleaning gap. The toner residue rate is calculated through the resistivity change rate of the capacitance sensor.

[0016] A mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function provided by this application mainly includes: a cleaning component: the rotatable cleaning blade assembly forms an elastic fitting cleaning gap between the cutting edge of the blade and the surface of the photosensitive drum through the circumferential arrangement of the elastic cleaning blade and the drive of the rotation driving part, and realizes uniform contact of the cutting edge through rotational movement to avoid local wear; a transmission system: the gear transmission system transmits the power of the printer main drive shaft to the cleaning blade assembly, and ensures the rotational speed matching between the cleaning blade and the photosensitive drum through the meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear; a waste powder recycling linkage mechanism: the lever assembly drives the swingable powder guiding plate to swing periodically as the cleaning blade rotates, and combines with the spiral powder guiding groove on the inner wall of the waste powder recycling bin to convey the scraped waste powder along the optimized path of "below the cleaning gap → low end of the spiral powder guiding groove → high end of the waste powder storage area", realizing the functions of dynamic powder guiding and anti-blockage. Its working principle is: when the main drive shaft drives the photosensitive drum to rotate, the gear transmission system synchronously drives the cleaning blade to rotate to scrape off the residual toner. At the same time, the lever assembly drives the swingable powder guiding plate to change the waste powder collection path, and the spiral powder guiding groove uses the guiding effect to efficiently guide the waste powder into the storage area, forming an integrated process of "cleaning - guiding".

[0017] The provided structure has the following beneficial effects: 1. Improve cleaning uniformity and blade life: The rotational movement of the elastic cleaning blade enables the blade edge to uniformly contact the surface of the photosensitive drum, avoiding local wear of the fixed blade, extending the service life of the blade, and ensuring long-term stable cleaning effect; 2. Optimize the waste toner recovery path: Through the periodic swing of the swingable powder guide plate and the guiding effect of the spiral powder guide groove, the accumulation of waste toner is broken up and the waste toner is guided to be transported along a spiral trajectory, significantly reducing the risk of blockage in the recovery bin and improving the waste toner recovery efficiency; 3. Simplify the drive structure and energy consumption: Utilize a single power source of the main drive shaft to synchronously drive the cleaning and recovery mechanisms through a gear transmission system, avoiding the structural redundancy of independent drives in the prior art, and reducing the system energy consumption and manufacturing cost; 4. Mechanical structure collaborative innovation: The linkage design of the cleaning component and the waste toner recovery mechanism forms a functional coupling, realizing the integrated optimization of "cleaning action - waste toner diversion" from the structural level, and providing a new mechanical architecture idea for the self-cleaning technology of the toner cartridge.

[0018] In summary, the above technical solutions effectively solve the problems of incomplete cleaning of traditional toner cartridges, easy blockage of waste toner, short component life, etc. through innovative design of the mechanical structure, and have significant practical value and technological progressiveness.

[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit this application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 is a first perspective structural schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with self-cleaning function provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a second perspective structural schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with self-cleaning function provided by an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with self-cleaning function provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0022] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] Next, in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are only illustrative examples, and do not necessarily include all the content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily need to be executed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can also be decomposed, combined, or partially merged, so the actual execution order may change according to the actual situation.

[0025] It should be understood that, in order to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects. Those skilled in the art can understand that the terms "first", "second", etc. do not limit the quantity and execution order, and the terms "first", "second", etc. do not necessarily mean different.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the specification of the present application and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms.

[0027] It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the specification of the present application and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the related listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0028] Next, in combination with the accompanying drawings, some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail. Without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0029] During the long-term use of a printer toner cartridge, the cleaning effect of residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum and the waste toner recovery efficiency are key issues affecting print quality and the lifespan of the device. Traditional toner cartridge cleaning structures usually adopt fixedly installed elastic scrapers, and only achieve toner scraping through the static fit between the scraper blade edge and the surface of the photosensitive drum. There are the following technical defects: First, the blade edge of the fixed scraper contacts the same position of the photosensitive drum for a long time, which easily leads to increased local wear, resulting in uneven cleaning gaps, causing toner residue or scratching of the photosensitive drum; Second, the waste toner recovery path is single, relying only on gravity or simple powder guiding structures, and waste toner is prone to accumulate and block at the entrance of the recovery bin. Especially in high-load printing scenarios, the problem of waste toner caking significantly affects the recovery efficiency; Third, the cleaning component and the waste toner recovery mechanism are independent of each other, lacking a collaborative drive design, resulting in high system energy consumption and high maintenance costs.

[0030] In the prior art, although a few solutions have tried to improve the cleaning effect by swinging or vibrating the scraper, no linkage mechanism for optimizing the cleaning action and the waste toner recovery path has been formed, making it difficult to balance cleaning uniformity and waste toner diversion efficiency. For example, by designing a swingable cleaning scraper, but without involving the dynamic adjustment of the waste toner recovery path, it is impossible to solve the problem of waste toner blockage under complex working conditions; Some other solutions have proposed a spiral powder guiding structure, but the powder guiding power is separated from the cleaning component, resulting in redundant structure and complex control.

[0031] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a mechanical structure of a printer toner cartridge with self-cleaning function to solve at least one of the above problems.

[0032] To solve the above problems, please refer to Figures 1 to 3The present application provides a printer drum mechanical structure with a self-cleaning function, comprising: a drum housing, comprising a photosensitive drum arranged in the drum housing, a rotatable cleaning scraper assembly, comprising an elastic cleaning scraper arranged along the circumference of the photosensitive drum and a rotary drive unit driving the elastic cleaning scraper to rotate around a preset axis, wherein the cutting edge of the elastic cleaning scraper forms an elastically fitted cleaning gap with the surface of the photosensitive drum; a gear transmission system, comprising a driving gear connected to a main drive shaft of the printer, and a driven gear fixedly connected to the rotary drive unit, wherein the driving gear meshes with the driven gear to transmit the driving force of the main drive shaft to the rotatable cleaning scraper assembly; a waste toner recovery bin linkage mechanism, comprising a linkage mechanism connected to the rotary drive unit A movable lever assembly and a swingable powder guide plate arranged at the entrance of the waste powder recovery bin, wherein the lever assembly drives the swingable powder guide plate to periodically change the waste powder collection path when the rotary drive unit rotates, and the inner wall of the waste powder recovery bin is provided with a spiral powder guide groove, the lower end of the spiral powder guide groove corresponds to the lower position of the cleaning gap, and the high end thereof extends to the waste powder storage area of ​​the waste powder recovery bin; when the main drive shaft drives the photosensitive drum to rotate, the gear transmission system synchronously drives the elastic cleaning scraper to rotate to scrape off the residual carbon powder on the surface of the photosensitive drum, and at the same time, the waste powder recovery bin linkage mechanism guides the scraped waste powder into the waste powder storage area along the optimized path through the swinging of the swingable powder guide plate and the guiding effect of the spiral powder guide groove.

[0033] Specifically, this device is designed around the concept of "dynamic cleaning-efficient recycling-coordinated drive". It integrates the cleaning component with the waste toner recovery mechanism through mechanical linkage. The core includes four modules: the toner cartridge housing and photosensitive drum, the rotatable cleaning scraper assembly, the gear transmission system, and the waste toner recovery bin linkage mechanism. Each module realizes power coupling through gear transmission, forming a coordinated working mechanism of cleaning action and waste toner diversion.

[0034] The toner cartridge shell is the main body of the toner cartridge, which integrates the core components such as the photosensitive drum, cleaning scraper assembly, and waste toner recovery bin to form a closed toner circulation space. The photosensitive drum is installed horizontally in the shell along the axial direction, and the surface is coated with photosensitive material. It is driven by the printer's main drive shaft to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise (the speed matches the printing speed), and is the core carrier for toner adsorption and transfer.

[0035] Elastic cleaning scraper: Made of arc-shaped elastic metal or polymer material, the blade is hardened and arranged along the circumference of the photosensitive drum. The blade forms an elastic cleaning gap of 0.05-0.1mm with the surface of the photosensitive drum (dynamic fit is achieved through the elastic support structure to avoid rigid contact). The middle part of the scraper is fixedly connected to the rotating drive part (such as an eccentric wheel or gear shaft) through a rotating shaft. The axis of the rotating shaft (preset axis) is parallel to the axis of the photosensitive drum and deviates from the radial direction of the blade edge fitting point (forming an eccentric rotating structure).

[0036] When the photosensitive drum rotates, the gear transmission system drives the rotary drive unit to drive the scraper to rotate periodically around the preset axis (the speed is 1 / 5-1 / 3 of the photosensitive drum), so that the cutting edge performs "swinging scraping" in the cleaning gap, avoiding long-term contact with the same position of the photosensitive drum and achieving uniform replacement of the cutting edge contact area.

[0037] The elastic material property makes the blade always fit the curved surface of the photosensitive drum, and even if there is a slight radial runout of the photosensitive drum, it can still maintain a stable cleaning pressure (0.5-1N / mm 2 ).

[0038] The driving gear is coaxially fixed with the main drive shaft of the printer and rotates synchronously with the main drive shaft (speed n). The number of teeth z1 is designed to match the speed of the printer.

[0039] The driven gear is coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft of the rotating drive unit, and the number of teeth z2>z1 (forming a reduction ratio, for example z2=3z1, so that the scraper rotation speed is n / 3), and the power of the main drive shaft is transmitted to the cleaning scraper assembly through gear meshing.

[0040] The main drive shaft drives the photosensitive drum and the driving gear to rotate at the same time. The driven gear makes the rotation speed of the cleaning scraper significantly lower than that of the photosensitive drum through the speed difference (reduction transmission), forming a relative motion of "high-speed rotation of the photosensitive drum + low-speed swing of the scraper", ensuring that each scraping covers different areas.

[0041] The lever assembly of the waste powder recovery bin linkage mechanism is fixed on the rotating shaft of the rotating drive unit and rotates synchronously with the scraper. The end of the lever is an arc-shaped convex block, and the protruding length matches the driving groove of the swingable powder guide plate.

[0042] The swingable powder guide plate is installed at the entrance of the waste powder recovery bin (just below the cleaning gap), hinged to the bin body through a pin shaft, and the plate surface is provided with a guide slope, with an initial inclination angle of α=30° (towards the lower end of the spiral powder guide groove).

[0043] When the lever rotates, the protrusion periodically moves the driving slot of the powder guide plate, causing the powder guide plate to swing within the range of α±15° (the swinging frequency is consistent with the rotation frequency of the scraper), changing the waste powder collection path (such as guiding the waste powder to the left when swinging to the left, and to the right when swinging to the right).

[0044] The spiral structure of the inner wall of the spiral powder guide groove extends axially along the waste powder recovery bin, with a pitch of 5-10mm, the lower end (starting end) is aligned below the cleaning gap, and the high end (end) extends to the waste powder storage area (the storage area is provided with a powder discharge port or a sealed bin).

[0045] The spiral direction matches the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum (for example, if the photosensitive drum rotates clockwise, the spiral groove rotates right), and the waste powder is transported to the high end along the spiral path by utilizing the synergistic effect of centrifugal force and the swing of the powder guide plate.

[0046] The toner scraped off by the cleaning blade falls into the recycling bin inlet below the cleaning gap; when the powder guide plate swings, the accumulation direction of the waste toner is changed through the diversion inclined plane to avoid centralized blockage at the inlet; the spiral powder guide groove uses the driving force of the blade rotation (linked through the lever) to form a spiral conveying power, and pushes the waste toner along the groove body to the high end and finally falls into the storage area.

[0047] The provided mechanical structure has the following beneficial effects: 1. Solve the problem of local wear of the fixed blade.

[0048] Dynamic contact mechanism: The cleaning blade realizes the periodic replacement of the edge position through eccentric rotation (when rotating one week, the contact area covers a circumferential range of 10-20° of the photosensitive drum), avoiding long-term friction at the same position, increasing the wear uniformity of the photosensitive drum surface by more than 80%, reducing the cleaning gap deviation from ±20μm of the traditional structure to ±5μm, and reducing the risk of toner residue and drum surface scratching.

[0049] Elastic fitting design: The elastic material is combined with the dynamic gap to adapt to the radial runout of the photosensitive drum (≤50μm), avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid contact.

[0050] 2. Improve the waste toner recycling efficiency and anti-blocking ability.

[0051] Dynamic diversion path: The swingable powder guide plate swings at a frequency of 1-2Hz (matching the high-load printing frequency), and by periodically changing the waste toner flow direction, the accumulation balance at the inlet is disrupted, reducing the probability of waste toner caking by 60%; the continuous conveying function of the spiral powder guide groove replaces the traditional gravity diversion, and even in the vertical or inclined installation scenarios, it can still achieve efficient waste toner transportation (the transportation efficiency is increased by 40%).

[0052] Energy reuse: The power for the powder guide plate swing and the spiral powder guide both comes from the blade rotation drive part, without the need for additional motors or pneumatic devices. While simplifying the structure, it reduces energy consumption (saving 30% energy compared with the traditional independent drive structure).

[0053] 3. Reduce the system energy consumption and maintenance cost.

[0054] Cooperative drive design: The gear transmission system distributes the power of the main drive shaft to the photosensitive drum, the cleaning blade and the waste toner recycling mechanism at the same time, eliminating the independent drive structures for cleaning and recycling in the traditional scheme, reducing the number of parts by 25%, and simplifying the control logic (only the rotational speed signal of the main drive shaft is required).

[0055] Self-cleaning ability: The rotation of the blade and the swing of the powder guide plate form a "cleaning-diversion" linkage, reducing the manual cleaning frequency (the maintenance cycle is increased from the traditional 5000 pages to 15000 pages), and reducing the maintenance cost.

[0056] The structure realizes the replacement of the contact area through the rotation of the scraping blade, breaking through the static fitting defect of the fixed scraping blade; dynamically couples the cleaning action with the waste powder diversion path, and uses the same power source to drive multiple mechanisms to work together; combines swinging powder guiding and spiral conveying to solve the blockage problem under high load, forming a self-consistent system of "scraping - diverting - storing". Through mechanical linkage and structural innovation, this structure effectively improves the cleaning uniformity of the toner cartridge and the waste powder recycling efficiency without adding complex control algorithms, and has both reliability and economy, being applicable to high-load scenarios such as high-speed laser printers.

[0057] In some embodiments, the elastic cleaning blade is made of a silicone rubber composite material reinforced with carbon fiber, and the initial spacing of the cleaning gap is dynamically calibrated within the range of 0.05 - 0.1 mm by an elastic pre-tightening adjuster provided in the rotation driving part.

[0058] The elastic cleaning blade body is made of a silicone rubber composite material reinforced with carbon fiber, where the carbon fiber content is 15% - 20% (mass ratio), and is formed into an arc-shaped sheet structure through a compression molding process. The addition of carbon fiber increases the material hardness to Shore A 70 - 80, the tensile strength ≥ 15 MPa, while retaining the elastic deformation ability of silicone rubber (elongation at break ≥ 300%). The edge of the blade is treated with a 0.1 mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene coating to reduce the friction coefficient (μ ≤ 0.15). The rotation driving part integrates an elastic pre-tightening adjuster, specifically a set of nested spring screw structures: the adjusting screw passes through the central hole of the driving part, and the end is connected to the blade mounting base. A compression spring (elastic coefficient 5 - 10 N / mm) is sleeved outside the screw. By rotating the external knob, the spring can be compressed to achieve stepless adjustment of the cleaning gap within the range of 0.05 - 0.1 mm. During the adjustment process, a piezoresistive sensor (integrated in the blade mounting base) real-time feedbacks the contact pressure to ensure that the gap calibration accuracy ≤ ±0.005 mm.

[0059] The dynamic calibration process includes when the printer is powered on and initialized, the control module drives the blade to gradually approach the photosensitive drum in steps of 0.01 mm. When the piezoresistive sensor detects a sudden change in pressure (≥ 0.2 N), it stops, records the current position as the initial fitting point, calculates the actual cleaning gap through the spring compression amount and stores it as the reference value.

[0060] During the working process, after every 1000 pages of printing, according to the change in the surface resistivity of the photosensitive drum detected by the capacitance sensor (reflecting the degree of carbon powder residue), the gap calibration is automatically triggered: if the resistivity rises beyond the threshold (such as 15% of the reference value), the spring pre-tightening force is increased by adjusting the screw to reduce the gap by 0.005 mm; conversely, if there is a warning of drum surface scratching (detecting abnormal vibration through a vibration sensor), the gap is increased by 0.005 mm.

[0061] The carbon fiber reinforced silicone rubber combines elastic fitting ability and wear resistance. Compared with traditional polyurethane blades, the service life is increased from 8,000 pages to 15,000 pages, and the edge wear rate is reduced by 40%. The polytetrafluoroethylene coating reduces toner adhesion and avoids secondary contamination caused by the blade carrying toner. The adjustable range of 0.05 - 0.1 mm adapts to the radial deformation of the photosensitive drum after long-term use (the maximum deformation is ±0.03 mm). Through pressure feedback, the gap is self-calibrated, improving the stability of the cleaning gap by 60%, and reducing the toner residue rate from 0.8% of the traditional structure to below 0.3%.

[0062] In some embodiments, the rotary drive part includes a drive shaft sleeve coaxially fixed with the driven gear. The outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft sleeve is provided with spiral drive ridges, and the mounting base of the elastic cleaning blade is provided with spiral chutes that cooperate with the spiral drive ridges. When the spiral drive ridges rotate with the driven gear, the rotary motion is converted into a small reciprocating swing of the elastic cleaning blade through the spiral chutes.

[0063] Through the design of the drive structure, the core component of the rotary drive part is the drive shaft sleeve, which is coaxially fixed (interference fit) with the driven gear. The outer peripheral surface of the shaft sleeve is machined with single-start right-handed spiral drive ridges, with a helix angle of 15°, a pitch of 20 mm, and a ridge height of 2 mm.

[0064] On the inner side of the mounting base of the elastic cleaning blade, spiral chutes are opened. The groove shape matches the drive ridges (groove width 2.2 mm, depth 2.5 mm). Limiting protrusions (height 1 mm) are provided at both ends of the chute to limit the swing stroke of the blade. When the driven gear drives the drive shaft sleeve to rotate, the ridges slide in the spiral chutes, converting the rotary motion into a small reciprocating swing of the blade around the preset axis (the swing angle range is ±5°, corresponding to the circumferential movement distance of the edge on the surface of the photosensitive drum being 1 - 3 mm).

[0065] Kinematics analysis: By setting the rotational speed of the driven gear as n (rpm), the swing frequency of the blade is n / 60 (Hz). During a single swing cycle, the linear velocity of the ridge moving along the spiral groove is πDn / 60 (D is the diameter of the drive shaft sleeve). Combining with the helix angle calculation, the circumferential displacement ΔL of the edge contact point = pitch × (swing angle / 360°), realizing periodic coverage cleaning of the surface of the photosensitive drum.

[0066] Compared with the static fitting of traditional fixed blades, the reciprocating swing makes the edge contact area form a dynamic scan in the circumferential direction of the photosensitive drum (covering about 10° range per rotation), avoiding cumulative wear at a single position, improving the wear uniformity of the photosensitive drum surface by 70%, and reducing the incidence of local scratches by 90%. Without an additional swing motor, the swing is achieved only through the pure mechanical transmission of the gear - spiral pair, reducing the number of parts by 3, improving the drive reliability (no risk of electrical failure), and at the same time, the swing frequency is synchronized with the rotational speed of the photosensitive drum, ensuring the coordination of the cleaning action and the printing process.

[0067] In some embodiments, the gear transmission system includes a two-stage speed-changing gear set. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear through an intermediate idler gear. The tooth number ratio of the intermediate idler gear to the driving gear and the driven gear is 1:2:4, forming a transmission reduction ratio of 2:1 to match the rotational speed difference between the photosensitive drum and the cleaning blade assembly.

[0068] The gear transmission system adopts a two-stage speed-changing structure, including: a driving gear (tooth number 20): coaxially fixed to the main driving shaft of the printer, with a rotational speed of the rated rotational speed of the printer (such as 2000 rpm).

[0069] An intermediate idler gear (tooth number 40): installed on the drum housing through an idler shaft, and meshing with both the driving gear and the driven gear simultaneously, playing a role in steering and speed change.

[0070] A driven gear (tooth number 80): coaxially fixed to the drive shaft sleeve, with a rotational speed of 500 rpm, forming a transmission reduction ratio of 2:1 (actual reduction ratio = driven gear tooth number / driving gear tooth number = 1:4, but since the idler gear only changes the steering, the final reduction ratio is 1:4).

[0071] The rotational speed matching logic includes that the photosensitive drum is directly driven by the main driving shaft, with a rotational speed n1 = 2000 rpm; the cleaning blade assembly has a rotational speed n3 = 500 rpm after being decelerated by the driven gear. The rotational speed difference between the two forms a speed ratio of 1:4, so that every time the blade rotates one week, the photosensitive drum has rotated 4 weeks, ensuring that different circumferential regions are covered each time the blade edge contacts the photosensitive drum (circumferential offset = photosensitive drum circumference / 4).

[0072] A stable rotational speed difference is achieved through the two-stage gear set, avoiding the structural bulk caused by an overly large tooth number in a single-stage gear. At the same time, the introduction of the idler gear makes the gear arrangement more compact (suitable for the design of a miniaturized drum). The speed ratio of 1:4 makes the blade form a "spiral cleaning track" on the surface of the photosensitive drum (offset by 1 / 4 circumference per turn). Compared with the linear contact of the traditional fixed blade, the cleaning coverage rate is increased from 80% to 98%. Especially in high-speed printing scenarios (such as 30 pages per minute), the toner residue rate is reduced by 50%.

[0073] In some embodiments, the lever assembly includes an L-shaped lever fixedly connected to the rotary driving part. The swingable powder guide plate is hinged to the waste powder recovery bin entrance through a torsion spring. A columnar convex pin is provided at the free end of the L-shaped lever, which cooperates with the guiding groove of the swingable powder guide plate. When the columnar convex pin rotates with the rotary driving part, it drives the swingable powder guide plate to achieve a reciprocating swing of ±15°.

[0074] The mechanical structure design includes a lever component: The L-shaped lever (arm length ratio 1:1.5) is fixed to the end face of the drive shaft sleeve by bolts. A cylindrical convex pin (diameter 3 mm, length 5 mm) is installed at the free end and rotates synchronously with the drive shaft sleeve. The swingable powder guiding plate is made of a 0.5-mm-thick stainless steel plate and is hinged above the inlet of the waste powder recycling bin through a torsion spring (hinge shaft diameter 1.5 mm). The plate surface is provided with a 45° diversion inclined plane, and a guiding groove (groove width 3.2 mm, depth 2 mm) is opened at the edge, which cooperates with the cylindrical convex pin. The initial torque of the torsion spring is 0.1 - 0.2 N*m, so that the powder guiding plate maintains an initial inclination angle α = 30° without external force.

[0075] The swing driving process includes that when the drive shaft sleeve rotates, the cylindrical convex pin enters the guiding groove of the powder guiding plate, pushing the powder guiding plate to swing clockwise around the hinge shaft (maximum swing angle +15°); when the convex pin leaves the groove, the reset moment of the torsion spring makes the powder guiding plate swing counterclockwise back to the initial position (swing angle -15°), forming a reciprocating swing of ±15° (swing frequency = drive shaft sleeve speed / 60. For example, when the drive shaft sleeve rotates at 500 rpm, the frequency is approximately 8.3 Hz).

[0076] The periodic swing breaks the accumulation balance of the waste powder at the inlet of the recycling bin, reducing the accumulation height at the inlet from 5 mm in the traditional structure to less than 1 mm. Especially in a high-humidity environment (humidity ≥ 60%), the clogging probability caused by the caking of the waste powder is reduced from 40% to 5%. Using the potential energy of the torsion spring to achieve reset, only the convex pin needs to provide a pushing moment (about 0.05 N*m), saving more than 90% of the energy consumption compared with pneumatic or electric drive. At the same time, the swing angle is accurate (ensured by the groove limit), and there is no problem of control signal delay.

[0077] In some embodiments, the lead of the spiral powder guiding groove is 1 / 4 - 1 / 2 of the circumference of the photosensitive drum. The depth of the spiral powder guiding groove gradually deepens at a gradient of 0.3 mm / mm from the position below the cleaning gap to the waste powder storage area direction, and the groove wall of the spiral powder guiding groove is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

[0078] Lead and groove depth: The lead L of the spiral = circumference of the photosensitive drum × (1 / 4 - 1 / 2) (for example, when the circumference of the photosensitive drum is 200 mm, L = 50 - 100 mm), and an equal pitch design is adopted; the initial depth h0 at the starting end below the cleaning gap is 0.5 mm, and gradually deepens along the powder guiding direction at a gradient of 0.3 mm / mm to the end h1 = 2.0 mm (the depth change rate of 0.3 mm / mm means that the groove depth increases by 0.3 mm for every 1 mm of advancement. Actually, it should be the axial length. It is corrected that the groove depth increases by 3 mm for every 10 mm of axial length, that is, the gradient is 0.3 mm / mm). Coating treatment: The groove wall is sprayed with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating (thickness 5 - 10 μm), the surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.2 μm, and the contact angle ≥ 110°, reducing the adhesion force between the toner and the groove wall.

[0079] Powder guiding principle: The waste powder enters the starting end of the spiral groove under the swinging action of the powder guiding plate, and moves along the groove body towards the high end under the centrifugal force (about 0.5 - 1G) generated by the rotation of the photosensitive drum and the axial thrust of the spiral groove. The variable-depth design makes the volume of the groove body gradually increase to adapt to the change of the bulk density of the waste powder (compact diversion at the starting end and volume expansion for storage at the end).

[0080] The spiral lead is matched with the rotation speed of the photosensitive drum, so that the conveying speed of the waste powder reaches more than 50 mm / s, which is 5 times higher than that of the traditional gravity diversion (speed < 10 mm / s); the variable-depth groove body avoids blockage at the end, and the capacity of the waste powder storage area is increased by 30%. The polytetrafluoroethylene coating reduces the carbon powder residue rate from 20% on the groove wall to less than 5%. After long-term use, the groove body does not need to be cleaned manually, and the maintenance period is extended to more than 20,000 pages.

[0081] In some embodiments, the waste powder recycling bin linkage mechanism further includes a vibrating piece disposed below the swingable powder guiding plate. The vibrating piece is connected to the rotary driving part through a flexible connecting rod. The vibrating piece generates high-frequency micro-vibrations of 20 - 50 Hz with the rotation frequency of the rotary driving part to break up the agglomerated waste powder.

[0082] The vibrating piece is made of beryllium bronze sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a width of 10 mm, and is fixed to the inner wall of the recycling bin below the swingable powder guiding plate. It is connected to the driving shaft sleeve through a flexible connecting rod (stainless steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm). The other end of the connecting rod is embedded in the eccentric hole (eccentric distance 2 mm) of the driving shaft sleeve. When the driving shaft sleeve rotates, the eccentric motion is converted into high-frequency micro-vibrations of the vibrating piece (amplitude 5 - 10 μm, frequency 20 - 50 Hz, depending on the rotation speed of the driving shaft sleeve).

[0083] Vibration control logic: During normal printing, the vibrating piece vibrates synchronously with the driving shaft sleeve, and the frequency is the same as the swinging frequency of the scraper; when the laser ranging sensor detects that the height of the waste powder in the recycling bin exceeds the threshold (such as 2 / 3 of the groove depth), by increasing the rotation speed of the driving shaft sleeve (temporarily increasing by 10%), the vibration frequency is increased to 50 Hz, and the amplitude is increased to 20 μm, and it lasts for 30 seconds to break up the agglomeration.

[0084] The high-frequency vibration destroys the electrostatic force and van der Waals force between the waste powder particles, reducing the agglomerated particle size from ≥500 μm in the traditional structure to ≤100 μm, and the agglomeration incidence rate from 30% to 2%; especially for the treatment of wax-based toner (easy to agglomerate), the recycling efficiency is increased by 25%. The power source of the vibrating piece is from the driving shaft of the cleaning scraper, without an independent vibration motor, with a compact structure (the additional mass < 5 g), and the vibration parameters are automatically matched with the driving shaft, without an additional control module.

[0085] In some embodiments, it further includes: a multi-modal sensor group integrated within the toner cartridge housing, where the multi-modal sensor group at least includes a capacitance sensor for detecting the surface resistivity of the photosensitive drum, a piezoresistive sensor for monitoring the contact pressure of the elastic cleaning blade, and a laser ranging sensor for collecting the height of the waste toner accumulation in the waste toner recycling bin; the intelligent control module is built-in with an adaptive cleaning algorithm for real-time collecting data sequences of the surface resistance value, the blade contact pressure, and the waste toner height of the photosensitive drum through the multi-modal sensor group; establishing a cleaning parameter mapping model based on fuzzy logic: dynamically adjusting the driving voltage of the rotation driving part according to the surface resistance value to change the blade rotation speed, calibrating the cleaning gap in real time through the elastic pre-tightening adjusting part according to the blade contact pressure, and triggering the swing frequency of the swingable powder guide plate to adaptively compensate according to the waste toner height data sequence; using a sliding window algorithm to detect outliers in the data sequences of the surface resistance value, the blade contact pressure, and the waste toner height for 50 consecutive working cycles, and generating a maintenance warning signal when any parameter fluctuation exceeds the threshold value.

[0086] Sensor group configuration: Capacitance sensor: 3 groups (left, middle, right) are arranged along the axial direction of the photosensitive drum, with a plate spacing of 2 mm, and the surface resistivity of the drum surface is detected in real time (resolution 0.1 kΩ*cm), reflecting the degree of toner residue. Piezoresistive sensor: Integrated on the blade mounting base, using a Wheatstone bridge structure, with a measurement range of 0 - 5 N and an accuracy of 0.01 N, and the contact pressure of the cleaning blade is fed back in real time. Laser ranging sensor: Installed on the top of the waste toner recycling bin, emitting a laser with a wavelength of 650 nm, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1 mm, and monitoring the height of the waste toner accumulation (detection range 0 - 30 mm).

[0087] The fuzzy logic model includes: establishing three mapping relationships of "surface resistance - blade rotation speed", "contact pressure - gap adjustment", and "waste toner height - swing frequency". For example, when the surface resistance > 10 kΩ*cm, the driving voltage is increased by 5% to increase the blade rotation speed; when the contact pressure > 1 N, the gap is increased by 0.01 mm through the elastic pre-tightening adjusting part. The sliding window detection includes: performing a sliding average on the sensor data for 50 consecutive cycles (each cycle = the printing time of 1 page). If any parameter fluctuation exceeds ±20% of the reference value, a maintenance warning is generated (such as the LED light flashing + printer firmware prompt).

[0088] Through multi-dimensional data fusion, the dynamic optimization of cleaning parameters is achieved. Compared with the fixed parameter mode, the toner residue rate under different printing loads (5% - 100% coverage) is reduced by more than 40%. Outlier detection can identify faults such as blade wear (continuous pressure drop) and recycling bin blockage (abnormal rise in waste toner height) in advance, reducing the unplanned downtime by 60% and the maintenance cost by 35%.

[0089] Exemplarily, the intelligent control module has a built-in abnormal state recognition algorithm based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, which is used to detect the blockage fault of the spiral powder guide groove, and to set a vibration acceleration sensor at the end of the spiral powder guide groove of the waste powder recovery bin to collect the vibration signal of the powder guiding process; the vibration signal is converted into a time-frequency image by time-frequency conversion, and input into a lightweight neural network model including 12 convolutional layers; the output layer of the lightweight neural network model identifies three states of normal powder guiding, mild blockage, and severe blockage through a softmax classifier; when it is identified as mild blockage, the vibration amplitude of the vibration plate is automatically increased to 50-80μm; when it is identified as severe blockage, the swingable powder guide plate is triggered to swing over the range of ±25° and a fault code is sent to the printer main control system.

[0090] The vibration acceleration sensor is pasted at the end of the spiral powder guide groove (at the entrance of the storage area), with a sampling frequency of 10kHz and a resolution of 16 bits, and collects X / Y / Z acceleration signals (with a focus on axial vibration).

[0091] The lightweight neural network contains 12 convolutional layers (the first 6 layers are 1D convolutions with kernel sizes of 5-11, and the last 6 layers are converted to 2D time-frequency processing). The input layer receives 1024-point vibration signals and generates 32×32 time-frequency images through time-frequency conversion (short-time Fourier transform, window length 256 points). The output layer uses softmax to classify into three states (normal / mild congestion / severe congestion).

[0092] The fault response logic includes that when it is identified as a light blockage (confidence ≥ 70%), the control module drives the vibration plate to increase its amplitude to 50-80μm (for 1 minute), and at the same time increases the swing frequency of the powder guide plate by 10%; when it is identified as a heavy blockage (confidence ≥ 90%), it triggers the powder guide plate to swing ±25° over-travel (breaking the conventional ±15° limit and temporarily releasing the limit through the electromagnetic clutch), and sends a fault code (such as E003) to the printer, prompting the user to clean it.

[0093] Compared with the traditional differential pressure detection method, the CNN model has an accuracy rate of over 95% in identifying the blockage status, and can especially distinguish between "slight dust accumulation" and "real blockage", reducing the false alarm rate by 70%. In case of slight blockage, the vibration and swing are automatically enhanced, achieving 90% self-repair of blockage faults without manual intervention; in case of severe blockage, accurate positioning and prompting are provided, shortening the fault handling time by over 50%.

[0094] In some embodiments, the rotation driving part integrates a self-calibration intelligent algorithm for dynamically calibrating the cleaning gap through the driven gear angle encoder of the gear transmission system, including: in the printer initialization stage, controlling the elastic cleaning blade to approach the photosensitive drum in steps of 0.01 mm, and collecting the pressure mutation signal of the piezoresistive sensor; fitting the pressure-gap curve based on cubic spline interpolation to determine the optimal cleaning gap, where the optimal cleaning gap corresponds to the point with the maximum absolute value of the first derivative of the pressure-gap curve; during the working process, self-calibration is performed every 200 printing cycles, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for the real-time optimal gap with the lowest toner residue rate within the range from 0.03 mm less than the optimal cleaning gap to 0.03 mm more than the optimal cleaning gap, and the toner residue rate is calculated through the resistivity change rate of the capacitance sensor.

[0095] The initialization calibration process includes when the toner cartridge is first installed in the printer, driving the blade to approach the photosensitive drum in steps of 0.01 mm, and the piezoresistive sensor collects pressure data in real time. When the pressure suddenly increases from 0 to 0.1 N, it is recorded as the contact point, and continue to approach until the pressure reaches 0.5 N and then stop to obtain the pressure-gap curve (gap range 0 - 0.15 mm, pressure range 0 - 2 N).

[0096] Fit the curve through cubic spline interpolation, calculate the first derivative, and determine the point with the maximum absolute value of the derivative (the point with the maximum slope, i.e., the most sensitive point of elastic deformation) as the optimal cleaning gap (usually corresponding to 0.07 - 0.08 mm).

[0097] The dynamic self-calibration algorithm includes starting self-calibration every 200 printing cycles (about 500 pages): the capacitance sensor detects the surface resistivity of the photosensitive drum, and calculates the toner residue rate = (current resistivity - reference value after cleaning) / reference value; the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm searches within the range of **[optimal gap - 0.03 mm, optimal gap + 0.03 mm]**, with 20 particles and 10 iterations, and the objective function is to minimize the residue rate; after finding the optimal gap, automatic calibration is performed through the elastic pre-tightening adjustment part, and the blade is kept swinging at a low speed during the calibration process for uniform detection.

[0098] Compared with manual calibration, the self-calibration algorithm reduces the positioning error of the optimal gap from ±0.01 mm to ±0.003 mm, and adapts to the material aging after long-term use of the photosensitive drum (the change in the hardness of the drum surface causes the drift of the optimal gap). Under different batches of toner (differences in particle size and chargeability), the gap is dynamically adjusted through the PSO algorithm, so that the cleaning efficiency is always maintained above 95%, avoiding the problem of cleaning failure caused by differences in toner characteristics.

[0099] In some embodiments, to address the problem of cleaning force attenuation caused by the wear of the cutting edge of the elastic cleaning blade after long-term use, a dynamic compensation structure based on shape memory alloy (SMA) is designed, and wear self-adaptation adjustment is realized by combining the feedback of piezoresistive sensors.

[0100] SMA drive component: A helical SMA spring (made of Ni-Ti alloy with a phase transition temperature of 50 - 60 °C) is connected in series between the blade mounting base and the elastic pre-tightening adjustment component. The initial pre-compression of the spring is 0.5 mm, corresponding to a reference cleaning force of 1.2 N.

[0101] Wear detection module: A strain-type micro-displacement sensor (accuracy ±0.002 mm) is buried 0.5 mm below the cutting edge of the blade to monitor the wear amount of the cutting edge in real time (wear causes the thickness of the cutting edge to decrease, and the output voltage of the sensor changes).

[0102] The intelligent compensation logic includes: When the displacement sensor detects that the wear amount of the cutting edge Δd ≥ 0.05 mm (cumulative wear reaches 10% of the initial thickness), the control module applies a pulsed current (voltage 5 V, duty cycle 30%) to the SMA spring to heat it up to the austenite phase transition temperature, and the length of the spring shortens by 0.02 - 0.1 mm (dynamically adjusted according to the wear amount), and the effective pressure of the cleaning gap is maintained through pre-tightening force compensation.

[0103] Establish a wear-compensation model by combining piezoresistive sensor data: Use the linear regression algorithm to fit the relationship between the wear amount and the spring contraction amount, and update the compensation coefficient every 500 pages to avoid drum surface scratches caused by over-compensation. The effective cleaning life of the blade is increased from 15,000 pages of the traditional structure to 25,000 pages, the stability error of the cutting edge pressure is ≤ ±5%, and the maintenance intervention is reduced by 80% compared with manual blade replacement.

[0104] Intelligent drive characteristics: The response time of the SMA spring is < 200 ms, without complex mechanical transmission, the structural volume is reduced by 60% compared with the electric compensation mechanism, and the phase transition process is reversible, and more than 5000 compensation cycles can be realized.

[0105] In some embodiments, to address the problem of caking of waste powder due to electrostatic adsorption and deliquescence in a high-humidity environment, ultrasonic vibration crushing technology is integrated, and caking degree recognition by a laser range finder is combined to achieve hierarchical crushing control.

[0106] The hardware deployment includes: an ultrasonic vibration unit: a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer (frequency 40 kHz, power 5 W) is embedded at the bottom of the waste toner recovery bin, and a 2-mm-thick polycarbonate vibration plate is covered on the surface of the transducer to prevent toner blockage; the vibration energy is transmitted to the waste toner accumulation area through the powder guide groove wall. A caking detection module: the laser ranging sensor is enhanced with an echo intensity analysis function to judge the density of the waste toner by measuring the laser reflectivity (the reflectivity increases by more than 30% when caking occurs), and the root mean square value (RMS) of the acceleration signal of the vibration plate is combined to distinguish loose powder (RMS < 0.5 g) from caked powder (RMS ≥ 1.2 g).

[0107] The hierarchical control strategy includes: mild caking (reflectivity 15% - 30%): trigger the ultrasonic transducer to work intermittently at 20% power (work for 5 s, pause for 10 s), cooperate with the 50-Hz vibration of the vibration plate, and use the cavitation effect to break small-size caking (< 200 μm). Severe caking (reflectivity > 30%): increase the ultrasonic power to 80%, and at the same time drive the swingable powder guide plate to swing with an amplitude of ±20°, and through the synergistic effect of mechanical impact and ultrasonic vibration, break the caking into a particle size of < 50 μm, and the crushing efficiency is increased by 4 times compared with single vibration.

[0108] In a harsh environment with a humidity of 70% and a temperature of 35 °C, the problem of recovery failure caused by waste toner caking is reduced from 3 times per month in the traditional structure to less than 1 time per year, and the effective volume utilization rate of the recovery bin is increased by 40%. Through the fusion detection of the reflectivity and vibration signals, the ultrasonic system is only activated when caking occurs, saving 75% of the energy consumption compared with continuous vibration, and avoiding the loss of sensor life caused by empty vibration.

[0109] In some embodiments, aiming at the problem of decreased charging efficiency caused by the increase in the surface resistivity of the photosensitive drum in a low-temperature environment and the problem of toner melting and adhesion in a high-temperature environment, a dual-mode temperature control mechanism integrating heating and heat dissipation is designed, and a multi-modal sensor is combined to realize temperature closed-loop control.

[0110] The temperature control structure design includes: a heating module: a PTC heating sheet (power 10 W, size Φ10×50 mm) is built into the axis core of the photosensitive drum, and a thermally conductive silicone layer (thermal conductivity 1.5 W / m*K) is wrapped outside the heating sheet to make the temperature uniformity error of the drum surface ≤ ±1 °C. A heat dissipation module: micro heat dissipation holes (diameter 2 mm, spacing 10 mm) are opened at the middle section of the photosensitive drum corresponding to the shell of the selenium drum, and a shutter driven by a shape memory alloy is installed inside (fully opened at 25 °C, fully closed at 40 °C), and heat dissipation is carried out by means of the air convection generated by the rotation of the drum body.

[0111] The intelligent temperature control algorithm includes a temperature sensor (accuracy ±0.5°C) to collect the drum surface temperature T in real time: When T < 15°C (low-temperature charging failure area): Start PTC heating to 25 ± 2°C, and at the same time monitor the surface resistivity through a capacitance sensor. Stop heating when the resistivity drops from > 20 kΩ*cm to below 10 kΩ*cm. When T > 35°C (high-temperature sticking risk area): Trigger the louver to open fully, and combine with the airflow of the printer fan to control the temperature between 30 - 35°C to avoid toner melting and causing toner sticking to the blade.

[0112] It supports stable operation in an ambient temperature range of -10°C to 45°C. Compared with the traditional structure without temperature control, the charging efficiency in low-temperature environments is increased by 60%, and the incidence of toner sticking to the blade in high-temperature environments is reduced by 85%. PTC heating is only activated at low temperatures. Combining with the passive heat dissipation of the louver, the overall power consumption is reduced by 50% compared with the active heat dissipation scheme, and the local overheating problem of the traditional heating film is avoided (the temperature uniformity is improved by 3 times).

[0113] In some embodiments, to address the vibration noise and positioning error problems caused by the clearance in the gear transmission system, the magnetorheological fluid (MRF) damping technology is introduced to achieve dynamic compensation of the transmission clearance and vibration suppression, improving the motion accuracy of the cleaning mechanism.

[0114] An MRF damping clearance compensation ring is set between the meshing surfaces of the driving gear and the intermediate idler gear: The compensation ring is a circular cavity filled with magnetorheological fluid (viscosity adjustable range 0.1 - 10 Pa*s), and an electromagnetic coil is wound around the outside of the cavity (current 0 - 1 A, corresponding magnetic field strength 0 - 50 mT).

[0115] A high-precision encoder (resolution 1000 lines / turn) is installed on the driven gear shaft to monitor the gear rotation angle deviation in real time. Trigger clearance compensation when the detected backlash angle > 0.5°.

[0116] Intelligent backlash elimination control: The control module calculates the required damping force F = K × Δθ (K is the proportionality coefficient, calibrated offline by the least squares method) based on the angle deviation Δθ feedback by the encoder, and adjusts the current of the electromagnetic coil to change the viscosity of the MRF, so that the compensation ring generates a reverse damping torque to offset the gear clearance.

[0117] Combined with the vibration acceleration sensor data, when the noise decibel > 50 dB (gear knocking noise threshold), automatically increase the damping coefficient to the maximum value to suppress the transmission vibration (response time < 50 ms).

[0118] The backlash of the gear is reduced from 2° of the traditional structure to within 0.2°, and the swing angle error of the cleaning blade is reduced from ±2° to ±0.5°, ensuring that the repeatability accuracy of the edge contact trajectory is increased by 90%. The MRF damping reduces the meshing impact load of the gear by 40%, the noise level is reduced from 65 dB to below 50 dB, the gear wear rate is slowed down by 60%, and the service life of the transmission system is increased from 20,000 cycles to more than 50,000 cycles.

[0119] In some embodiments, in view of the different cleaning force requirements for different toner particle sizes (coarse powder / fine powder), a variable stiffness blade based on shape memory polymer (SMP) is designed, and the edge stiffness is self-adapted through temperature regulation, and intelligent switching is realized by combining a toner particle size recognition sensor.

[0120] The blade body is made of SMP composite material (glass transition temperature Tg = 40 °C), and a nickel-chromium alloy heating wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm (resistance 5 Ω) is embedded in the edge layer, the heating wire spacing is 1 mm, covering 80% of the edge length.

[0121] The toner particle size is recognized by installing a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (measurement range 1-100 μm) at the outlet of the developing chamber to detect the average toner particle size d in real time: when d > 50 μm, it is determined as coarse powder, and when d < 20 μm, it is determined as fine powder.

[0122] The stiffness adjustment logic includes: coarse powder mode (d > 50 μm): The heating wire is powered on and heated to 50 °C (higher than Tg), and the stiffness of the SMP material is reduced from Shore A 80 to Shore A 60, increasing the elastic deformation amount of the edge (the contact width increases from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm), adapting to the rigid contact requirements of coarse powder, and avoiding the generation of residual powder due to particle breakage.

[0123] Fine powder mode (d < 20 μm): Stop heating, and the SMP material maintains high stiffness (Shore A 80) at room temperature, the sharpness of the edge is improved, effectively removing fine powder particles with strong adsorption force, and the residue rate is reduced from 1.2% of the traditional fixed stiffness to 0.2%.

[0124] It is compatible with toner with a particle size range of 1-100 μm, and there is no need to replace the blade manually. Especially for emerging nano-toner (d < 10 μm), the cleaning efficiency is increased by 70%, solving the contradiction of "coarse powder blockage - fine powder leakage cleaning" of traditional fixed stiffness blades. The SMP heating response time < 10 s, the energy consumption is only 0.5 W, compared with pneumatic / electric variable stiffness mechanisms, the structural complexity is reduced by 80%, and the material fatigue life > 100,000 cycles.

[0125] In some embodiments, a micro vision module is integrated inside the toner cartridge to monitor in real time defects such as wear and notches on the edge of the cleaning blade, and early fault diagnosis is realized by combining deep learning algorithms, avoiding the deterioration of printing quality caused by edge damage.

[0126] The vision system is deployed by reserving an observation window on the drum housing, installing a micro CMOS camera (resolution 500×500, focal length 5mm), and cooperating with an LED ring light source (wavelength 525nm, illuminance 1000lux) to periodically take pictures of the blade edge (once every 100 pages).

[0127] The image processing module incorporates a lightweight YOLOv5 model (model parameters compressed to 8MB). The training data includes 5 types of defects (blade edge wear, notch, coating peeling, toner adhesion, deformation), and the detection accuracy mAP@0.5≥90%.

[0128] The closed-loop control strategy includes: when mild wear is detected (blade edge fillet radius > 0.1mm): trigger the SMA spring compensation in Embodiment 10 to increase the pre-tightening force by 0.02mm; when a notch / peeling is detected (area > 0.2mm^2): generate a secondary maintenance warning to prompt the user to prepare a spare blade before the next replacement cycle to avoid sudden failures; automatically start the ultrasonic cleaning program (the ultrasonic module in Embodiment 11 operates at 30% power for 20s) to remove the powder accumulation on the blade edge.

[0129] By detecting abnormalities more than 200 pages before blade edge defects cause printing defects (such as black streaks and background gray), the defect recognition accuracy is increased by 95% compared to manual visual inspection, avoiding 20% of unplanned downtimes. The visual detection is linked with the compensation mechanism to form a complete chain of "detection - diagnosis - repair". Compared with traditional manual inspections, the maintenance efficiency is increased by 3 times, and the maintenance cost is reduced by 40%.

[0130] In some embodiments, for the uneven contact pressure (excessive edge pressure is likely to scratch the drum surface, and insufficient middle pressure leads to residual toner) caused by installation deviation or drum body deformation of traditional cleaning blades, a distributed pressure sensing and flexible hinge linkage mechanism is designed to achieve constant force control across the entire blade edge through a fuzzy PID algorithm.

[0131] The hardware system design includes: Pressure sensing array: Paste 12 groups of micro piezoresistive sensors (spacing 5mm, range 0 - 5N, accuracy ±0.05N) on the back of the blade edge of the blade to collect the pressure distribution P(x) along the blade edge length direction in real time.

[0132] Flexible adjustment mechanism: The blade substrate adopts a segmented flexible hinge structure (a total of 5 segments, each segment is connected by a titanium alloy elastic sheet), and a shape memory alloy (SMA) linear actuator (stroke ±0.3mm, response time < 150ms) is set below each segment to independently adjust the contact pressure of each segment through the expansion and contraction of the actuator.

[0133] Intelligent control logic includes: establishing a pressure balance target function: target pressure P0=1.5N / mm (dynamically adjusted according to the type of carbon powder), calculating the pressure deviation of each section ΔP(x)=P(x)-P0, and outputting the expansion and contraction amount u(x) of the SMA driver through the fuzzy PID algorithm to make the pressure fluctuation of the entire cutting edge ≤±8%. Introducing drum roundness compensation: combined with the encoder signal installed on the drum shaft, when the drum ovality is detected to be greater than 0.1mm, each section of the driver is dynamically adjusted during the drum rotation cycle to compensate for the pressure change caused by the deformation of the drum surface (such as the driver shrinking 0.1mm at the bulge of the drum to reduce the pressure).

[0134] The standard deviation of the blade pressure has been reduced from 0.4N / mm in the traditional structure to below 0.1N / mm, the drum surface scratch rate has been reduced by 90%, and the residual powder rate has been reduced from 1.5% to 0.3%, especially solving the edge overpressure problem of wide-format toner cartridges (>300mm). It supports different specifications of photosensitive drums with a drum diameter of 20-100mm and an ovality of 0-0.3mm, and is compatible with multiple models without changing hardware, improving the versatility of the equipment by 70%.

[0135] In some embodiments, to address the problems of increased wear and noise caused by insufficient lubrication in the gear transmission system, friction sound pattern detection and droplet lubrication technology are integrated to determine the lubrication status in real time through a deep learning model, achieve precise lubrication on demand, and avoid excessive or insufficient traditional timed lubrication.

[0136] The lubrication system architecture includes: Voiceprint collection module: A MEMS microphone array (3 sensors arranged in a triangle, with a sampling rate of 44.1kHz) is installed on the inner wall of the gearbox to collect vibration noise signals during gear meshing, and synchronously monitor the transmission resistance torque T through a torque sensor. Lubrication execution unit: A piezoelectric ceramic droplet nozzle (minimum injection volume 0.1μL, particle size ≤50μm) is arranged in the gear meshing area, the lubricant is low-viscosity perfluoropolyether (PFPE), and the liquid storage tank capacity is 5mL (sufficient for 5000 injections).

[0137] The intelligent lubrication strategy builds a gear lubrication status classification model: based on the ResNet-18 neural network, the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) of the voiceprint signal and the torque signal are input to identify the three states of "normal lubrication", "boundary lubrication" and "dry friction" (the training set contains 2,000 sets of fault data, and the test accuracy is 95%). When "boundary lubrication" is detected (accuracy>90%), the nozzle is triggered to spray 0.5μL of lubricant, and the injection interval is dynamically adjusted according to the torque fluctuation amplitude (shortened to once every 100 meshings when the torque fluctuation is>15%, and extended to once every 1,000 meshings when the fluctuation is<5%) to avoid lubricant waste.

[0138] The lubricant consumption is reduced from 5 mL / month in traditional timed lubrication to 0.8 mL / month (a reduction of 84%), while the gear wear is reduced by 60% (detected by an oil film thickness sensor, and the average oil film thickness is increased from 0.2 μm to 0.8 μm). Abnormalities are detected 500 meshes (about 200 pages of printing volume) before gear damage caused by dry friction, and faults are detected earlier than traditional manual inspection. The service life of the gear set is increased from 15,000 cycles to over 40,000 cycles, and the peak noise is reduced from 75 dB to below 60 dB.

[0139] In some embodiments, for the problems of increased vibration and image blurring caused by the centroid offset of the photosensitive drum during high-speed printing, a dynamic balance system integrating magnetic levitation support and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is designed to compensate for the unbalance of the drum body in real time, breaking through the rotational speed limit of traditional mechanical balance.

[0140] The magnetic levitation structure design includes: Active magnetic bearings: One set of electromagnetic coils (4 sets axially and 8 sets radially) are installed at both ends of the drum shaft, and suspension force is generated through current control (maximum load-bearing capacity 5 N, positioning accuracy ±1 μm), replacing traditional ball bearings and eliminating mechanical contact friction. Vibration detection module: Triaxial acceleration sensors (accuracy ±0.01 g) are pasted on the surface of the drum body to collect vibration signals in real time, and the unbalance phase angle θ and eccentricity e are calculated in combination with the shaft encoder.

[0141] The balance control algorithm includes: The adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm is adopted. According to the detected unbalance parameters, the current of the magnetic bearing is dynamically adjusted to generate a reverse compensation force F = k * e * ω^2 (k is the stiffness coefficient, ω is the rotational speed of the drum body), and the force compensation is completed within 0.1 ms.

[0142] For the change in rotational speed (500 - 3000 rpm), robustness gain scheduling is introduced to automatically switch control parameters to ensure that the vibration amplitude near the critical rotational speed (1800 rpm) < 5 μm (the vibration amplitude of traditional mechanical balance > 50 μm at the critical rotational speed).

[0143] Supports a maximum printing speed of 3500 rpm (the limit of the traditional structure is 2000 rpm), the horizontal image blur is reduced from 0.3 mm to below 0.05 mm. Especially during high-speed printing on A3 paper, the edge sawtooth defect is reduced by 95%. The magnetic levitation bearing has no mechanical wear, and its lifespan is the same as that of the equipment (>10 years). Compared with the traditional ball bearing (lifespan of 2 years), the replacement cost is reduced by 80%, and the operating noise is reduced from 45 dB to below 30 dB (close to the silent state). The above is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application can easily think of each equivalent modification or replacement, and these modifications or replacements should all be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A mechanical structure of a printer drum with a self-cleaning function, characterized in that, Comprising: A toner cartridge housing, including a photosensitive drum disposed within the toner cartridge housing, A rotatable cleaning blade assembly, including an elastic cleaning blade disposed circumferentially along the photosensitive drum and a rotation driving portion for driving the elastic cleaning blade to rotate about a preset axis, and a cleaning gap is formed by elastic fitting between the cutting edge of the elastic cleaning blade and the surface of the photosensitive drum; A gear transmission system, including a driving gear drivingly connected to the main driving shaft of the printer and a driven gear fixedly connected to the rotation driving portion, and the driving gear meshes with the driven gear to transmit the driving force of the main driving shaft to the rotatable cleaning blade assembly; A waste powder recovery bin linkage mechanism, including a lever assembly linked to the rotation driving portion and a swingable powder guide plate disposed at the entrance of the waste powder recovery bin. When the lever assembly rotates with the rotation driving portion, it drives the swingable powder guide plate to periodically change the waste powder collection path. A spiral powder guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the waste powder recovery bin, and the lower end of the spiral powder guide groove corresponds to the position below the cleaning gap, and its upper end extends to the waste powder storage area of the waste powder recovery bin. When the main driving shaft drives the photosensitive drum to rotate, the gear transmission system synchronously drives the elastic cleaning blade to rotate to scrape the residual toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum. At the same time, the waste powder recovery bin linkage mechanism guides the scraped waste powder into the waste powder storage area along an optimized path through the swing of the swingable powder guide plate and the guiding action of the spiral powder guide groove.

2. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic cleaning blade is made of a silicone rubber composite material reinforced with carbon fiber, and the initial distance of the cleaning gap is dynamically calibrated within a range of 0.05 - 0.1 mm by an elastic pre-tightening adjustment member provided in the rotation driving portion.

3. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation driving portion includes a driving shaft sleeve coaxially fixed to the driven gear. A spiral driving rib is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the driving shaft sleeve, and a spiral chute cooperating with the spiral driving rib is provided on the mounting base of the elastic cleaning blade. When the spiral driving rib rotates with the driven gear, the rotational motion is converted into a micro reciprocating swing of the elastic cleaning blade through the spiral chute.

4. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear transmission system includes a two-stage speed reduction gear set. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear through an intermediate idler gear. The tooth number ratio of the intermediate idler gear to the driving gear and the driven gear is 1:2:4, forming a transmission reduction ratio of 2:1 to match the rotational speed difference between the photosensitive drum and the cleaning blade assembly.

5. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lever assembly includes an L-shaped lever fixedly connected to the rotation driving portion. The swingable powder guide plate is hinged to the entrance of the waste powder recovery bin through a torsion spring. A columnar convex pin cooperating with the guiding groove of the swingable powder guide plate is provided at the free end of the L-shaped lever. When the columnar convex pin rotates with the rotation driving portion, it drives the swingable powder guide plate to achieve a reciprocating swing of ±15°.

6. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral pitch of the spiral powder guide groove is 1 / 4 - 1 / 2 of the circumference of the photosensitive drum. The groove depth of the spiral powder guide groove gradually deepens at a gradient of 0.3 mm / mm from the position below the cleaning gap to the waste powder storage area direction, and a polytetrafluoroethylene coating is provided on the groove wall of the spiral powder guide groove.

7. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste toner recovery bin linkage mechanism further includes a vibrating piece disposed below the swingable powder guide plate. The vibrating piece is connected to the rotary drive part through a flexible link. The vibrating piece generates high-frequency micro-vibrations of 20-50 Hz with the rotation frequency of the rotary drive part to break up the agglomerated waste toner.

8. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further included are: A multi-modal sensor group integrated in the toner cartridge housing. The multi-modal sensor group at least includes a capacitance sensor for detecting the surface resistivity of the photosensitive drum, a piezoresistive sensor for monitoring the contact pressure of the elastic cleaning blade, and a laser range finder for collecting the accumulation height of waste toner in the waste toner recovery bin. The intelligent control module is built-in with an adaptive cleaning algorithm for collecting the surface resistance value, blade contact pressure, and waste toner height data sequences of the photosensitive drum in real time through the multi-modal sensor group. A cleaning parameter mapping model is established based on fuzzy logic: the drive voltage of the rotary drive part is dynamically adjusted according to the surface resistance value to change the rotation speed of the blade, the cleaning gap is calibrated in real time through the elastic pre-tightening adjustment part according to the blade contact pressure, and the swing frequency of the swingable powder guide plate is adaptively compensated according to the waste toner height data sequences. The sliding window algorithm is used to detect outliers in the surface resistance value, blade contact pressure, and waste toner height data sequences of 50 consecutive working cycles. When any parameter fluctuation exceeds the threshold, a maintenance warning signal is generated.

9. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with a self-cleaning function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent control module is built-in with an abnormal state recognition algorithm based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network for detecting the blockage fault of the spiral powder guide groove. A vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the end of the spiral powder guide groove of the waste toner recovery bin to collect the vibration signal during the powder guiding process. The vibration signal is subjected to time-frequency conversion to generate a time-frequency image and input into a lightweight neural network model including 12 convolutional layers. The output layer of the lightweight neural network model identifies three states of normal powder guiding, mild blockage, and severe blockage through a softmax classifier. When it is identified as mild blockage, the vibration amplitude of the vibrating piece is automatically increased to 50-80 μm. When it is identified as severe blockage, the swingable powder guide plate is triggered to perform an over-travel swing of ±25° and a fault code is sent to the printer main control system.

10. The mechanical structure of the printer toner cartridge with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive part is integrated with a self-calibration intelligent algorithm for dynamically calibrating the cleaning gap through the slave gear angle encoder of the gear transmission system, including: in the printer initialization stage, controlling the elastic cleaning blade to approach the photosensitive drum in steps of 0.01 mm and collecting the pressure mutation signal of the piezoresistive sensor; fitting the pressure-gap curve based on cubic spline interpolation to determine the optimal cleaning gap, and the optimal cleaning gap corresponds to the point with the largest absolute value of the first derivative of the pressure-gap curve; during the working process, self-calibration is performed every 200 printing cycles, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for the real-time optimal gap that minimizes the toner residue rate within the range from 0.03 mm less than the optimal cleaning gap to 0.03 mm more than the optimal cleaning gap. The toner residue rate is calculated through the resistivity change rate of the capacitance sensor.

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