Electrolyte containing additive as well as preparation method and application of electrolyte

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrolyte containing an additive as well as a preparation method and application of the electrolyte, and belongs to the technical field of aqueous zinc ion batteries. The electrolyte containing the additive comprises zinc salt, the additive and water, the additive is ethanesulfonic acid type zwitterion; the ethanesulfonic acid type zwitter-ion is 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine ethanesulfonic acid. Ethanesulfonic acid type zwitterions are added into the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte forms an in-situ self-assembly protection layer on the surface of a zinc anode, and uniform nucleation sites are provided to guide precise nucleation of zinc, so that a stable battery structure is maintained under repeated charging and discharging cycles to prolong the service life of the battery; and the deposition of zinc at the same site can be greatly inhibited, so that the growth of zinc dendrites is inhibited, and the water-based zinc ion battery with high capacity and long service life is further provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, and particularly relates to an electrolyte containing additives, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Electrochemical energy storage provides flexibility, sustainability, and reliability for the energy system. Currently, the full and reasonable utilization of renewable energy has effectively improved the energy crisis caused by the overconsumption of fossil fuels. However, the intermittency and non-dispatchability of these renewable energies have forced people to explore more reliable electrochemical energy storage systems.

[0003] Due to the advantages of abundant zinc metal reserves, low cost, non-toxicity, and high theoretical capacity, aqueous zinc-ion batteries have gradually become a very promising candidate secondary battery system. The ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolytes is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of organic electrolytes, so aqueous zinc-ion batteries can be charged and discharged quickly. In addition, due to the relatively stable chemical and physical properties of zinc metal, aqueous zinc-ion batteries have no risk of explosion or fire, and their high safety makes them have great potential in the fields of portable devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage, so they are also widely used in new-generation energy storage devices. However, despite these unique advantages, there are still some obstacles in the actual use of metal zinc anodes, mainly including that during the commercialization of batteries, due to the existence of an uneven electric field on the zinc surface, zinc ions preferentially deposit at the tips on the zinc anode surface, ultimately leading to the formation of zinc dendrites; at the same time, around these tips, the process of desolvation of hydrated zinc ions increases the free water concentration at the electrode / electrolyte interface, triggering hydrogen evolution reactions and zinc corrosion, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency of plating / stripping, low zinc utilization rate, and premature failure of the electrode. All of these will lead to a shortened battery life and increased safety risks, hindering their further application.

[0004] In response to this, scholars have proposed a series of modification methods to suppress the side reactions of metallic zinc anodes, including zinc alloying, adjusting the crystal plane orientation of zinc deposition, introducing artificial interface layers, etc. However, most of the reported strategies related to the anodes of aqueous zinc-ion batteries are difficult to effectively and continuously alleviate the uneven deposition of zinc ions during the charge-discharge cycle. For example, artificial interface layers can make zinc deposition uniform to a certain extent, usually at the cost of slow ion transport kinetics, because it is difficult for these strategies to completely eliminate the non-uniformity on the surface of the zinc anode. At the same time, most of the strategies for constructing modified layers mainly rely on coating methods, which are prone to uncontrollable, non-uniform interface thickness and peeling off during the electroplating process. In addition, the preparation of these strategies is characterized by complex processes and high technical requirements, making it difficult to achieve large-scale industrial utilization. Therefore, although the method of improving aqueous zinc-ion batteries through conventional strategies can overcome some problems to a certain extent, it cannot obtain a battery with a long cycle life and good structural stability, and it is difficult to meet the high standards and requirements of its commercialization.

[0005] Self-assembled layers are molecular monolayers that spontaneously form at the interface between a solid electrode and a solution or gas phase. They are formed by the spontaneous assembly of molecules driven by intermolecular non-covalent bond interactions. As a surface chemistry tool, molecular self-assembly has inherent advantages such as spontaneous organization, molecular-level uniformity, and diverse physical and chemical properties, and is considered to surpass many traditional coating methods on the anode surface in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Self-assembled monolayers can effectively regulate the surface chemical properties of battery electrodes, such as the chemical and electrochemical stability of zinc anodes. In recent years, strategies for improving battery performance by forming a self-assembled layer on the surface of the zinc anode during the battery cycle have also attracted much attention. Scholars have currently tried methods such as generating a hydrophobic monolayer self-assembled thiol layer or a multi-layer self-assembled film on the surface of the zinc anode. However, although the self-assembled monolayers constructed on the zinc anode before battery assembly can significantly promote the directional deposition of zinc ions and protect the zinc anode from corrosion, they are inevitably prone to detachment or damage during the long-term zinc ion electroplating / stripping process, resulting in a gradual deterioration of the electrochemical performance. In addition, the method of pre-constructing self-assembled films usually involves relatively complex chemical or physical treatment steps, which not only increases the preparation cost but also introduces new interface problems, so there are still great technical obstacles and application limitations in practical applications.

[0006] Therefore, designing an electrolyte that can ensure the uniform and fine nucleation of zinc on the surface of the zinc anode during the cycle and can effectively inhibit the complex interfacial reactions on its surface during the long-term cycle is crucial for the commercialization of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electrolyte containing additives and a preparation method and application thereof. By adding ethanesulfonic acid type zwitterions to the electrolyte, the electrolyte forms an in-situ self-assembled protective layer on the surface of the zinc anode, and provides uniform nucleation sites to guide the precise nucleation of zinc, thereby maintaining a stable battery structure under repeated charge and discharge cycles to extend the battery life. It can also largely inhibit the deposition of zinc at the same site, thereby inhibiting the growth of zinc dendrites, thereby providing a high-capacity, long-life aqueous zinc ion battery.

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte containing an additive, wherein the electrolyte containing an additive comprises a zinc salt, an additive and water; the additive is an ethanesulfonic acid type zwitterion; the ethanesulfonic acid type zwitterion is 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) By introducing specific ethanesulfonic acid zwitterions, an in-situ self-assembled protective layer is formed at the electrolyte / zinc anode interface, achieving a highly stable zinc anode structure during the charge and discharge process, allowing zinc ions to achieve precise nucleation and uniform deposition, and utilizing its strong hydrophobicity to effectively inhibit the occurrence of zinc corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction, greatly extending the cycle life of the battery. 4-Hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid, with its unique molecular topological structure (including the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of sulfonic acid groups, piperazine rings and hydroxyl functional groups), preferentially adsorbs on the surface of the zinc metal anode to form a hydrophobic self-assembled layer through a directional migration mechanism driven by the interface potential during the electrochemical cycle, thereby effectively inhibiting the parasitic reaction induced by water molecules. At the same time, the in-situ self-assembled layer formed by 4-Hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid provides uniform active sites for releasing interface concentration polarization and regulating zinc ion deposition, thereby achieving precise nucleation of zinc ions, inhibiting the growth of zinc dendrites, and ultimately showing excellent electrochemical performance.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the zinc salt is selected from one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate and zinc nitrate.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the zinc salt in the electrolyte containing the additive is 1 mol / L-3 mol / L.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the additive in the additive-containing electrolyte is 0.02 mol / L-0.08 mol / L.

[0012] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the electrolyte containing the additive, comprising the following steps: dissolving zinc salt and additives in water to obtain the electrolyte containing the additive; the additive is an ethanesulfonic acid type zwitterion.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the zwitterionic ethylsulfonate is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the zinc salt is selected from one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, and zinc nitrate.

[0015] A third object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous zinc-ion battery, including the electrolyte containing additives or the electrolyte containing additives prepared by the method described above.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous zinc-ion battery further includes a cathode plate, an anode plate, and a separator.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0018] (1) The zwitterionic ethylsulfonate in the electrolyte containing additives of the present invention can migrate to the surface of the zinc anode during the battery cycling process, and in-situ grow a self-assembled monolayer that is stable and has self-healing ability. The steric hindrance effect and coordination effect thereof synergistically achieve uniform deposition and fine preferential nucleation of zinc ions on the surface of the zinc anode. During the long cycling process, the defects of the self-assembled layer can be dynamically and spontaneously supplemented from the electrolyte according to the environmental conditions, which helps to maintain the structure of the self-assembled monolayer in the electrochemical environment. At the same time, the solvation sheath around the zinc ions in the electrolyte is adjusted, thereby reducing the number of free water molecules, effectively preventing the unevenness of the zinc anode surface during the cycling process, inhibiting the growth of zinc dendrites and the occurrence of hydrogen evolution reaction, thereby improving the cycling performance of the aqueous zinc-ion battery and ultimately achieving the long life of the battery, which is beneficial to the rapid industrialization of the aqueous zinc-ion battery.

[0019] (2) The aqueous zinc-ion battery prepared with the electrolyte containing additives of the present invention can also dynamically and spontaneously supplement the defects of the self-assembled layer from the electrolyte according to the environmental conditions during the long cycling process, greatly extending the life of the aqueous zinc-ion battery, showing great potential practical application value, and being beneficial to the further commercial development of the aqueous zinc-ion battery. Description of the Drawings

[0020] In order to make the content of the present invention be more clearly understood, the following further describes the present invention in detail according to the specific embodiments of the present invention in combination with the drawings, where:

[0021] Figure 1 is the cycling performance test result of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of the present invention at 1 mA / cm 2 、1 mAh / cm 2 ;

[0022] Figure 2 is the aqueous zinc-ion battery of the present invention at 1 mAh / cm2 Coulomb efficiency test results under;

[0023] Figure 3 The aqueous zinc-ion battery of the present invention is at 0.5 mA / cm 2 、1 mA / cm 2 、2 mA / cm 2 、3 mA / cm 2 、5 mA / cm 2 、10 mA / cm 2 Cycling performance test results under;

[0024] Figure 4 XPS of the anode surface after cycling of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of the present invention; wherein, a is O1s and b is Zn2p 3 / 2 ;

[0025] Figure 5 Growth of zinc dendrites on the zinc anode surface during deposition of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 Corrosion potential and corrosion current test results of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 Specific capacity and Coulomb efficiency of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of the present invention during cycling. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and be able to implement it. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments are only used to explain the present invention, but the exemplified embodiments are not used to limit the present invention.

[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods without special instructions, and the materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial channels without special instructions.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the preparation of the manganese dioxide cathode sheet used in the embodiments of the present invention includes the following steps: First, mix manganese dioxide, acetylene black, and polytetrafluoroethylene in a mass ratio of 7:2:1 and grind them evenly to obtain a mixture. Then, mix the mixture with N-methylpyrrolidone solvent and stir evenly to obtain a slurry. The amount of N-methylpyrrolidone solvent is limited to completely dissolve the binder and evenly disperse the carbon material in the mixture to form a slurry. Then, evenly coat the slurry on one side of the stainless steel foil and keep it in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 8 hours under vacuum to obtain the manganese dioxide cathode sheet.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The electrolyte containing additives and its preparation method of the present invention specifically include the following steps:

[0035] Dissolve 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid in 200 mL of 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution to obtain an electrolyte containing additives; wherein, the concentration of 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid is 0.04 mol / L.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The electrolyte containing additives and its preparation method of the present invention specifically include the following steps:

[0038] Dissolve 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid in 200 mL of 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution to obtain an electrolyte containing additives; wherein, the concentration of 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid is 0.02 mol / L.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] The electrolyte containing additives and its preparation method of the present invention specifically include the following steps:

[0041] Dissolve 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid in 200 mL of 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution to obtain an electrolyte containing additives; wherein, the concentration of 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid is 0.08 mol / L.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Use 200 mL of 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution as the electrolyte.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] The electrolyte containing additives and its preparation method of the present invention specifically include the following steps:

[0046] Dissolve 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in 200 mL of 2 mol / L zinc sulfate solution to obtain an electrolyte containing additives; wherein, the concentration of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is 0.04 mol / L.

[0047] Test example

[0048] (1) Battery assembly:

[0049] Cathode sheet: manganese dioxide cathode sheet, metallic zinc or metallic copper (batteries with different cathode sheets are used for different performance tests);

[0050] Separator: glass fiber separator;

[0051] Anode sheet: metallic zinc;

[0052] Electrolyte: electrolytes of Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2;

[0053] Assembly of aqueous zinc - ion battery: Stack the cathode sheet, separator, and anode sheet in sequence, seal them integrally in the battery housing, and drop 200 μL of the electrolytes of Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 respectively. After sealing, the aqueous zinc - ion battery is obtained.

[0054] (2) Battery performance test:

[0055] For the aqueous zinc - ion batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 (with metallic zinc as the cathode sheet), long - cycle performance tests are carried out at a current density of 1 mA / cm 2 , 1 mAh / cm 2 . The constant - current charge - discharge test is carried out on the LAND CT2001A battery test system, and the results are as Figure 1 shown. From Figure 1It can be seen that the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Example 1 has a stable cycle exceeding 4000 h. The aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1 short-circuits and fails after 120 h of cycling, and the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 2 has a stable cycle of nearly 2000 h. This is because 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid is used as an additive in Example 1. The rigid piperazine ring of 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, through its chair conformation and multiple coordination sites (N, O), is adsorbed onto the surface of the zinc negative electrode in the aqueous electrolyte through sulfonic acid groups, forming a dense self-assembled layer. The rigid skeleton of the piperazine ring not only restricts molecular thermal motion, reduces the interfacial reconstruction energy barrier, but also stabilizes the solvation structure of zinc ions through the six-membered ring system, weakens the interfacial concentration polarization of the zinc negative electrode, and thus guides the uniform nucleation of zinc. In addition, the piperazine ring enables 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid to maintain the integrity of the self-assembled layer during the cycling process of the aqueous environmental battery, and can repair in real time the microcracks generated by the changes in zinc deposition / stripping, significantly inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction and local corrosion, and significantly improving the stability of the aqueous zinc-ion battery. The aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1 faces problems such as zinc dendrite growth, zinc metal corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction during cycling, which greatly shorten the cycle service life of the aqueous zinc-ion battery. Comparative Example 2 uses taurine as an additive. Although the linear structure of taurine can be adsorbed onto the zinc surface through sulfonic acid groups, its flexible chain segments are prone to conformational fluctuations under the strong solvation of water molecules, resulting in a loose self-assembled layer. During long-term cycling, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid will exacerbate interfacial side reactions and promote the preferential deposition of zinc ions at defects to form dendrites, ultimately leading to a decrease in the stability of the aqueous zinc-ion battery.

[0056] The Coulombic efficiency tests were carried out on the aqueous zinc-ion batteries (with the cathode sheet being metallic copper) prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 at 1 mAh / cm 2 to evaluate the reversibility. The Coulombic efficiency of the aqueous zinc-ion battery during cycling is as Figure 2 shown. From Figure 2 it can be seen that the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Example 1 has a reversible cycle exceeding 500 times, indicating that the self-assembled interfacial layer effectively inhibits dendrite growth, enhances the reversibility of zinc deposition / stripping, and maintains the integrity of the electrode structure. The aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 2 has only 360 reversible cycles. The aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1 fails after 220 cycles with a sharp fluctuation. This performance decay is mainly attributed to the occurrence of harmful side reactions and the consumption of active zinc. It shows that 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid realizes the efficient protection of the zinc negative electrode of the aqueous zinc-ion battery due to the presence of the rigid piperazine ring, while the linear structure using alkyl molecules such as taurine is difficult to balance the interfacial stability and ion transport kinetics due to the lack of molecular rigidity.

[0057] Based on the above experiments, the aqueous zinc-ion batteries (with the cathode sheet being metallic zinc) prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were tested at different current densities (0.5 mA / cm2 , 1 mA / cm 2 , 2 mA / cm 2 , 3 mA / cm 2 , 5 mA / cm 2 , 10 mA / cm 2 ), the cyclic rate performance test was carried out, and the results are as Figure 3 shown. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the aqueous zinc-ion battery with a concentration of 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine ethanesulfonic acid of 0.04 mol / L has the smallest polarization voltage and the longest cycle life. For the cyclic performance test data of Examples 2 and 3, the slightly worse cyclic stability of the zinc anode in the electrolyte with a lower concentration of additive may be due to insufficient protection, while excessive additive molecules may cause greater steric hindrance and increase electrode polarization, thus slightly shortening the service life of the zinc anode.

[0058] Based on the above experiments, the surface of the negative electrode of the aqueous zinc-ion batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after 1 stripping and deposition cycle was characterized by near-ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results are as Figure 4 shown. It can be seen from Figure 4 that compared with Comparative Example 1, the O1s spectrum of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of Example 1 shows three additional peaks at 535.6 eV, 533.8 eV and 533.1 eV, which are attributed to S=O, S-O and O-H bonds respectively, indicating the presence of 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine ethanesulfonic acid on the surface of the zinc anode. In addition, a new Zn-O peak appears at 532.3 eV in the O1s spectrum of the aqueous zinc-ion battery of Example 1, which is consistent with the dominant Zn-O peak at 1023.5 eV observed in its Zn 2p 3 / 2 spectrum. This means that 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine ethanesulfonic acid mainly interacts with the zinc surface through the sulfonic acid group to form an ordered in-situ self-assembled layer. Near-ambient pressure XPS proves the successful construction of a self-assembled layer on the anode surface after the addition of 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine ethanesulfonic acid by photoelectrons entering the interface between the electrolyte and the zinc anode under actual working conditions.

[0059] Based on the above experiments, an in-situ device was used to monitor the growth of zinc dendrites at the electrolyte / zinc anode interface of the aqueous zinc-ion batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 during the deposition process for half an hour by in-situ optical microscopy, and the results are as Figure 5 shown. It can be seen from Figure 5It can be seen that with the increase of deposition time, obvious bubbles and hexagonal zinc flakes appear on the zinc anode of the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1, and gradually develop into large and uneven dendrites. In contrast, during the initial electroplating process, the nucleation on the zinc anode of the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Example 1 is more uniform, and then it also maintains a flat and dense morphology without dendritic protrusions. This is because the aqueous zinc-ion battery protected by the in-situ self-assembled layer composed of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid effectively inhibits the growth of zinc dendrites and the generation of by-products during the cycling process.

[0060] The corrosion potential of the aqueous zinc-ion batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was tested by Tafel curves using an electrochemical workstation in a three-electrode system, where the zinc foil, platinum sheet, and calomel electrode were used as the working electrode, counter electrode, and reference electrode, respectively. The corrosion potential and corrosion current results of the aqueous zinc-ion batteries are as Figure 6 shown. From Figure 6 it can be seen that the corrosion potential of the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Example 1 increases and the corrosion current decreases, indicating that the addition of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid can effectively reduce the corrosion tendency.

[0061] The cycling performance of the aqueous zinc-ion batteries (with the cathode sheet being the manganese dioxide cathode sheet) prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was tested. This test was carried out at a current density of 0.2 A / g, and the test voltage window was 0.8 V - 1.8 V. The specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency of the aqueous zinc-ion batteries during the cycling process are as Figure 7 shown. From Figure 7 it can be seen that the capacity retention rate of the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1 rapidly decays after 40 cycles. In contrast, the aqueous zinc-ion battery in Example 1 obtained an excellent capacity retention rate of 95% after 200 cycles. This is because the in-situ self-assembled layer based on 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid inhibits the growth of zinc dendrites by guiding efficient zinc ion transport and uniform zinc ion electrodeposition, thereby greatly improving the electrochemical performance of the aqueous zinc-ion battery.

[0062] Obviously, the above examples are only illustrations made for clear explanation and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An electrolyte containing an additive, characterized in that, The additive-containing electrolyte comprises a zinc salt, an additive, and water; the additive is an ethane sulfonic acid-based zwitterion; the ethane sulfonic acid-based zwitterion is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid.

2. The electrolyte containing additives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The zinc salt is selected from one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, and zinc nitrate.

3. The electrolyte containing an additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the zinc salt in the additive-containing electrolyte is 1 mol / L - 3 mol / L.

4. The electrolyte containing an additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the additive in the additive-containing electrolyte is 0.02 mol / L - 0.08 mol / L.

5. The preparation method of the electrolyte containing an additive according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: dissolving the zinc salt and the additive in water to obtain the additive-containing electrolyte; the additive is an ethane sulfonic acid-based zwitterion.

6. The preparation method of the electrolyte containing additives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ethane sulfonic acid-based zwitterion is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid.

7. The preparation method of the electrolyte containing additives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The zinc salt is selected from one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, and zinc nitrate.

8. Aqueous zinc-ion battery, characterized in that: It includes the additive-containing electrolyte described in any one of claims 1-4 or the additive-containing electrolyte prepared by the method described in any one of claims 5-7.

9. The aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 8, characterized in that, The aqueous zinc ion battery further includes a cathode sheet, an anode sheet, and a separator.

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