Full-bandwidth full-polarization reconfigurable antenna and method based on optical delay

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-bandwidth full-polarization reconfigurable antenna and method based on optical delay. The full-bandwidth full-polarization reconfigurable antenna comprises a power divider, an E / O photoelectric conversion module, an optical delay module, an O / E photoelectric conversion module, a low-noise amplifier, an attenuator and a dual-polarization antenna. The input end of the power divider inputs electromagnetic signals, the first output end of the power divider is connected with the dual-polarized antenna, the second output end of the power divider is connected with the input end of the E / O photoelectric conversion module, the output end of the E / O photoelectric conversion module is connected with the first input end of the optical delay module, and the output end of the optical delay module is connected with the input end of the O / E photoelectric conversion module. The output end of the O / E photoelectric conversion module is connected with the input end of the low-noise amplifier, the output end of the low-noise amplifier is connected with the first input end of the attenuator, and the output end of the attenuator is connected with the dual-polarized antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna and method based on optical delay. Background Art

[0002] In the early stage of the development of radar technology, many radar systems adopted a single polarization mode, such as horizontal polarization (HH) or vertical polarization (VV). However, single-polarization radars have many disadvantages. The detection and identification capabilities of single-polarization modes for targets are limited. With the development of radar technology, in order to overcome the limitations of single-polarization radars, multi-polarization radars emerged. Multi-polarization radars can simultaneously transmit and receive electromagnetic waves of multiple polarization modes, such as horizontal and vertical polarizations (HH, VV), or may also include cross polarizations (HV, VH). Multi-polarization radars have made great progress in target detection and identification. They can utilize the differences in target scattering characteristics under different polarization modes to obtain more information about the target, such as the shape, structure, and material of the target. However, multi-polarization radars also have their own disadvantages. Multi-polarization radar systems are relatively complex, and their hardware costs are high. The design of multiple transmit and receive channels, the upgrade of signal processing units, etc. all increase the costs. Moreover, the volume and weight of the system will also increase due to the presence of multiple channels, which is disadvantageous for some application scenarios with strict requirements on device size and weight (such as airborne radars, missile-borne radars, etc.). In addition, mutual interference may occur between multiple polarization channels operating simultaneously in multi-polarization radars, affecting the signal quality and radar performance.

[0003] In order to integrate the advantages of single-polarization and multi-polarization radars and overcome their disadvantages at the same time, the polarization reconfigurable radar technology was proposed. The polarization reconfigurable technology allows the radar system to dynamically change the polarization mode according to the actual application scenario, target characteristics, and environmental conditions. It can flexibly select the optimal polarization mode for detection at different time points or for different target regions, neither being as functionally limited as a single-polarization radar nor avoiding the cost and interference problems caused by continuously turning on multiple channels in a multi-polarization radar. The polarization reconfigurable antenna is a key part of the polarization reconfigurable radar. It can adjust the polarization characteristics of the antenna by changing the physical structure of the antenna or using electronic control devices. From the perspective of signal processing, the polarization reconfigurable radar system requires a flexible control unit and efficient algorithms to determine when and how to reconfigure the polarization mode according to preset rules or real-time target and environmental information feedback.

[0004] In the case of polarization matching, the direction of the electric field vector of the antenna is consistent with the effective receiving direction of the receiving antenna, making the voltage induced by the receiving antenna the largest, thus achieving the highest receiving power and the minimum signal transmission loss. Using this principle, maintaining the same polarization mode between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can improve the communication quality. For example, in satellite communication, the polarization mode of the receiving antenna at the ground station must match that of the satellite transmitting antenna. If the satellite transmitting antenna is right-hand circularly polarized, then the receiving antenna at the ground station should also be right-hand circularly polarized to ensure that the satellite signal is received by the ground station with the minimum loss, thus achieving high-quality communication. In terms of interference, polarization mismatch can reduce interference. Antenna polarization mismatch refers to the different polarization modes of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna. When polarization mismatch occurs, the power of the interference signal received by the receiving antenna will be significantly reduced. This is because the electric field intensity vector received by the antenna is related to the polarization direction of the antenna. When the polarization direction of the interference source is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the receiving antenna, in an ideal situation, the receiving antenna can hardly receive the interference signal.

[0005] The polarization modes of traditional antennas mainly include linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. The polarization mode is single, and in a complex electromagnetic environment, it is easily affected by interference sources with different polarization modes. The polarization reconfigurable antenna can switch between at least two polarization modes. It can dynamically adjust the polarization mode according to actual needs to adapt to different communication environments and requirements. In addition, the polarization reconfigurable antenna can significantly improve the transceiver efficiency of the antenna, reduce signal loss, and improve communication quality.

[0006] The polarization reconfigurable antenna can adaptively change the polarization mode according to the surrounding electromagnetic environment and the state of the communication link, and maintain the best match with the polarization mode of the transmitted signal, thus reducing the influence of signal fading and interference. In addition, the polarization reconfigurable antenna can change the polarization mode of the transmitted signal. In a communication countermeasure scenario, by adjusting the polarization of the transmitted signal to match the polarization of the enemy's receiving antenna, the enemy's communication can be effectively interfered. The modern communication environment is complex and changeable, and there are many electromagnetic interference sources. The polarization reconfigurable technology enables the communication system to flexibly cope with this complex environment. Whether in the fields of military communication, civilian communication, or the Internet of Things, the system can quickly adjust the polarization mode according to the actual situation to adapt to different interference scenarios and communication requirements. However, traditional polarization reconfigurable antennas have disadvantages such as insufficient bandwidth and few polarization states. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of the existing polarization reconfigurable antenna, such as insufficient bandwidth, few polarization states, and being easily limited by device processing problems resulting in product differences, and proposes a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna and method based on optical delay.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay, comprising: a power splitter, an E / O optoelectronic conversion module, an optical delay module, an O / E optoelectronic conversion module, a low-noise amplifier, an attenuator, and a dual-polarization antenna; An electromagnetic signal is input to the input end of the power splitter. The first output end of the power splitter is connected to the dual-polarization antenna. The second output end of the power splitter is connected to the input end of the E / O optoelectronic conversion module. The output end of the E / O optoelectronic conversion module is connected to the first input end of the optical delay module. The output end of the optical delay module is connected to the input end of the O / E optoelectronic conversion module. The output end of the O / E optoelectronic conversion module is connected to the input end of the low-noise amplifier. The output end of the low-noise amplifier is connected to the first input end of the attenuator. The output end of the attenuator is connected to the dual-polarization antenna.

[0009] Further, the bandwidth ranges of the power splitter, the E / O optoelectronic conversion module, the O / E optoelectronic conversion module, the low-noise amplifier, the attenuator, and the dual-polarization antenna are 1 GHz - 40 GHz.

[0010] Further, the gain range is controlled to be 1 dB - 120 dB by the low-noise amplifier and the controllable attenuator.

[0011] Further, the polarization mode of the dual-polarization antenna adopts linear polarization, circular polarization, or elliptical polarization.

[0012] Further, the resolution of the optical delay module is 0.05 ps.

[0013] Further, the second input end of the optical delay module and the second input end of the attenuator are respectively connected to the PC end.

[0014] Further, the delay time calculation formula of the optical delay module is:

[0015] where represents the frequency of the signal to be delayed, represents the required delay time, represents the phase corresponding to the delay.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for implementing a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay, using the full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay described above, comprising the following steps: The power splitter divides the input electromagnetic signal into two linearly polarized waves. One linearly polarized wave is directly input into one port of the dual-polarized antenna; the other linearly polarized wave first passes through the E / O optoelectronic conversion module to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal. The optical signal is adjusted in phase through the optical delay module, and the delayed optical signal is then converted back into an electrical signal through the O / E optoelectronic conversion module. The electrical signal is adjusted in signal strength and amplitude through the low-noise amplifier and the attenuator to obtain the adjusted other linearly polarized wave. The adjusted other linearly polarized wave is input into the other port of the dual-polarized antenna, and the two linearly polarized waves are combined into any other polarized electromagnetic wave.

[0017] In a third aspect, a design method for a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay is provided. Using the full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay described in the claims, the method includes the following steps: Determine an arbitrary polarization state and decompose the target polarization into two orthogonal linearly polarized components; Calculate the phase and amplitude of the two orthogonal linearly polarized components; Convert the phase and amplitude of the two orthogonal linearly polarized components into the optical delay time of the optical delay module and the attenuation multiple of the attenuator; After setting the optical delay time and the attenuation multiple, the antenna starts to work.

[0018] Furthermore, the polarization states include circular polarization, linear polarization, and elliptical polarization; The design method for circular polarization is as follows: By adjusting the low-noise amplifier and the attenuator, the magnitudes of one linearly polarized wave and the other linearly polarized wave are made equal, and the phase difference is adjusted to 90 degrees through the optical delay device; The design method for linear polarization is as follows: By adjusting the optical delay module, the phase difference between one linearly polarized wave and the other linearly polarized wave is adjusted to 0 degrees or 180 degrees; The design method for elliptical polarization is as follows: By adjusting the optical delay module and the attenuator, the amplitudes and phases of one linearly polarized wave and the other linearly polarized wave do not satisfy the implementation methods of circular polarization and linear polarization; The optical delay time of the optical delay module is calculated using the phase difference and the speed of light, and the attenuation multiple of the attenuator is calculated using the amplitude ratio and the characteristics of the attenuator.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay proposed by the present invention uses optical delay to control the phase of waves, and then combines with a dual-polarization antenna to accurately achieve various polarizations to solve the problem of few polarization states of traditional polarization reconfigurable antennas. The bandwidth of traditional polarization reconfigurable antennas is not wide enough. The present invention uses a full-bandwidth optical delay line, a full-bandwidth optoelectronic converter, a full-bandwidth low-noise amplifier, a full-bandwidth attenuator, and a full-bandwidth dual-polarization antenna, and finally achieves a wider bandwidth. Due to the influence of processing accuracy on the processing of devices, it is difficult to ensure the processing consistency of each device, so the products composed of multiple single devices are prone to differences between products. In the present invention, a low-noise amplifier and a controllable attenuator are used in combination to compensate for the differences of the products. The present invention solves the disadvantages of existing polarization reconfigurable antennas such as narrow working bandwidth, few polarization states, and difficulty in achieving product consistency. In the present invention, due to the addition of a low-noise amplifier and a controllable attenuator, the differences of devices can be compensated, thus solving the problem of difficulty in achieving product consistency of traditional polarization reconfigurable antennas. It can achieve full-polarization reconfiguration. Any polarization can be generated from two mutually perpendicular linear polarizations, solving the problem of few polarization states of polarization reconfigurable antennas.

[0020] A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay proposed by the present invention achieves a bandwidth of 1 - 40 GHz. Traditional polarization reconfigurable antennas can only switch between certain fixed polarizations and have a narrow bandwidth. Based on the principle of polarization, the present invention uses a relatively simple structure to achieve switching between any polarizations and increases the working bandwidth to 1 GHz - 40 GHz. By using an optical delay module, an attenuator, and a low-noise amplifier with a bandwidth of 1 GHz - 40 GHz, the amplitude and phase of linear polarization are controlled to achieve full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfiguration. That is, full bandwidth is achieved, solving the problem of narrow bandwidth of polarization reconfigurable antennas.

[0021] A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay proposed by the present invention uses optoelectronic conversion to convert an electrical signal into an optical signal, performs delay processing on the optical signal, can accurately control the phase, and the delay resolution can reach 0.05 ps, and then can accurately generate various polarization waves.

[0022] A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay proposed by the present invention uses a combination of a low-noise amplifier and a controllable attenuator to achieve an adjustable gain of 1 dB - 120 dB and can compensate for the differences of devices, avoiding the influence of differences caused by device processing or other aspects on polarization, and solving the problem of product differences. Description of the Drawings

[0023] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Additionally, the shapes, proportional dimensions, etc. of the components in the figures are only schematic and are used to assist in understanding the present invention, rather than specifically defining the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 It is the main schematic diagram of a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay.

[0024] Figure 2 It is the flowchart of the operation of a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and above-mentioned drawings of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present invention described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0029] Embodiment 1 A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay, as Figure 1 shown, mainly includes a power splitter, an electro-optical conversion module, an optical delay module, an electro-optical conversion module, a low-noise amplifier, an attenuator and a dual-polarization antenna. An electromagnetic signal is input to the input end of the power splitter. The first output end of the power splitter is connected to the dual-polarization antenna. The second output end of the power splitter is connected to the input end of the E / O electro-optical conversion module. The output end of the E / O electro-optical conversion module is connected to the first input end of the optical delay module. The output end of the optical delay module is connected to the input end of the O / E electro-optical conversion module. The output end of the O / E electro-optical conversion module is connected to the input end of the low-noise amplifier. The output end of the low-noise amplifier is connected to the first input end of the attenuator. The output end of the attenuator is connected to the dual-polarization antenna.

[0030] The overall implementation idea is to split the input electromagnetic signal into two by a power splitter. One path is directly input to the dual-polarization antenna, and the other path of the signal is first converted into an optical signal by an electro-optical conversion device for delay. The optical delay module can control the specific delay time through a PC (Personal Computer) terminal, and the accuracy of the delay time is 0.05 ps. After passing through the delay module, the optical signal can be converted back into an electrical signal. Since there is attenuation in the electro-optical conversion, a low-noise amplifier is added for compensation. Generally speaking, it is easier to implement a controllable attenuation multiple for the attenuator, while the amplification multiple of the amplifier is fixed. Therefore, in order to achieve a controllable amplification multiple, a controllable attenuator is usually connected in series with a low-noise amplifier. The attenuator can also control the specific attenuation amount through a PC, and then pass through a low-noise amplifier with a fixed amplification multiple, which realizes the control of the amplitude of this path of signal. The previous controllable optical delay module can accurately control the phase, so the phase and amplitude of this path of electromagnetic wave can be adjusted. Finally, the signal is input to the other end of the dual-polarization antenna to achieve polarization reconfiguration. Next, each single module will be introduced one by one.

[0031] Power divider: The core principle of a power divider is based on electromagnetic wave propagation, transmission line theory, and network analysis, which distributes the power of the input signal to each output terminal according to a specific ratio. According to its working principle and design method, power dividers can be divided into passive power dividers and active power dividers. Passive power dividers do not require additional power support and are mainly based on transmission line theory or resistor networks. Active power dividers have built-in amplifiers or active components, which can compensate for power losses while distributing signals but require additional power support. In this invention, a power divider with a bandwidth of 1 GHz - 40 GHz is adopted.

[0032] Optoelectronic conversion module: The optoelectronic conversion module is a key device that converts optical signals and electrical signals into each other, and is widely used in fields such as optical communication, sensors, and optical measurement. According to the different working directions, optoelectronic conversion modules can be divided into two categories: photoelectric detection (light to electricity, abbreviated as O / E) and electro-optical emission (electricity to light, abbreviated as E / O). The core task of the electricity-to-light conversion is to modulate the electrical signal onto the light wave and then transmit it through the optical fiber. The electro-optical conversion module mainly consists of a drive circuit, a light source, a modulator, and an optical coupler. The principle of the light-to-electricity conversion is to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal through a photodetector. In this invention, an optoelectronic conversion module with a bandwidth of 1 GHz - 40 GHz is adopted.

[0033] Low-noise amplifier: In this invention, a low-noise amplifier with a bandwidth of 1 GHz - 40 GHz is adopted. A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic amplifier that can amplify weak signals and minimize noise, and is widely used in receiving-end devices such as wireless communication, radar, optical communication, and RF systems. Its performance is crucial for the signal quality and sensitivity of the system. The LNA amplifies the received weak signal to a level that can be recognized by the subsequent processing circuit and minimizes the noise introduced during the amplification process to ensure that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is as high as possible. The core structure of the LNA includes: an input matching network, a gain stage, and an output matching network. The gain stage is usually a multi-stage amplifier, and the core devices are mostly field-effect transistors or high-electron-mobility transistors. The amplifier amplifies the signal voltage or current, and the gain G is usually expressed as power gain:

[0034] The greater the gain, the higher the signal amplitude, but it is necessary to balance noise and linearity. Each stage of the amplifier will introduce a certain amount of noise, which is usually measured by the noise figure (NF):

[0035] Among them, SNR is an important indicator to measure signal quality. The goal of LNA design is to minimize the noise figure of the first-stage amplifier because it has the greatest impact on the overall system noise figure.

[0036] Attenuator: This invention uses a controllable attenuator with a bandwidth of 1 GHz - 40 GHz. A controllable attenuator is a device that can adjust the signal attenuation amount as needed and is widely used in radio frequency, microwave communication, electro-optical systems, etc. to adjust the signal strength to meet different system requirements. The controllable attenuator reduces the signal strength by adjusting the power or amplitude of the signal. Specifically, it can be divided into resistor network attenuation, PIN diode attenuation, mechanical attenuation, digital controllable attenuator, and optical attenuator. In this invention, the combination of a low-noise amplifier and a controllable attenuator can ultimately achieve an adjustable gain of 1 dB - 120 dB.

[0037] Optical delay line: An optical delay line is a device or technology used to delay the propagation of optical signals. In optical communication and optical systems, an optical delay line can adjust the propagation time of optical signals to achieve signal synchronization, signal processing, or optimize the optical path. The optical delay line achieves delay by increasing the distance that light travels through it. Through the PC side, a maximum delay of 1500 ps with an accuracy of 0.05 ps can be achieved. The optical delay line of this invention supports the input of signals with a frequency of 1 GHz - 40 GHz. The phase difference caused by delaying the same time for signals with different frequencies is different. If represents the frequency of the signal to be delayed, represents the time required for delay, represents the corresponding delayed phase. Then,

[0038] For example, when the input frequency is 5 GHz and the desired phase delay is , from the above formula, t = 100 ps can be obtained, that is, setting the delay time to 100 ps through the PC side can achieve this effect. If the delay time remains unchanged, adjusting the frequency of the input signal will also change the phase. For example, changing the 5 GHz signal to 40 GHz and keeping the delay time at 100 ps, then the phase will cause of delay, that is, lagging behind four complete cycles.

[0039] Dual-polarized antenna: The present invention uses a dual-polarized antenna with a bandwidth of 1 GHz - 40 GHz. A dual-polarized antenna is an antenna that can support two orthogonal polarization modes simultaneously and is commonly used in modern wireless communication systems. The dual-polarized antenna combines two antennas with orthogonal polarization directions of +45° and -45° and operates in a transceiver duplex mode simultaneously. It can process signals of two different polarization directions, usually horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, or +45° and -45° polarization. Inside the dual-polarized antenna, there are two orthogonal oscillators or feeding points, and each oscillator receives or transmits a polarization signal. By inputting two mutually orthogonal and phase-variable linearly polarized waves, various polarization conversions can be achieved, that is, polarization reconfiguration can be realized.

[0040] The two wave signals input to the dual-polarized antenna are perpendicular to each other and ,

[0041]

[0042] When and are in-phase or out-of-phase, that is or , the synthesized wave is a linearly polarized wave. The tangent of the angle between the electric field intensity vector of the synthesized electromagnetic wave and the positive x-axis is . When and have the same amplitude and a phase difference of , that is , the synthesized wave is a circularly polarized wave. When and are any combination other than the above cases, the synthesized wave is an elliptically polarized wave.

[0043] Linear polarization and circular polarization can be understood as two special cases of elliptical polarization. The main basis for distinguishing various polarizations is the axial ratio (Axial Ratio, AR). The axial ratio is the ratio of the amplitude of the long axis of the ellipse ( ) to the short axis ( ), and is defined as:

[0044]

[0045] When , it is completely circular polarization. When , it is linear polarization. However, in actual engineering, it is very difficult for the axial ratio to be exactly 1 or infinity. Therefore, a certain threshold is usually used to judge the polarization type of the wave. Generally speaking, if , which is generally considered to be close to perfect circular polarization and is suitable for occasions with very high polarization requirements, such as satellite communication or precision antenna systems. In some applications, a slightly larger axial ratio is allowed, such as , and at this time the signal can still be regarded as circular polarization. When , it can be considered that the polarization is linear polarization.

[0046] Embodiment 2 An implementation method of a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay Figure 1 is the working schematic diagram. A power divider directly inputs a linearly polarized wave into a dual-polarized antenna, while the other wave passes through an electro-optic conversion and then precisely controls the delay time through an optical delay module, that is, precisely controls the phase of this wave. Then, the amplitude of this linearly polarized wave can be controlled through a low-noise amplifier and a controllable attenuator, that is, the control circuit precisely controls the phase and amplitude of this linearly polarized wave and inputs it into the other end of the dual-polarized antenna. Thus, two mutually perpendicular linearly polarized waves with variable phase and amplitude can be synthesized into any other polarization.

[0047] It can adjust the polarization state of the antenna in real time according to needs and is suitable for various communication scenarios. Due to the use of an optical delay module, this method can maintain stable performance within a relatively wide frequency band. The optical delay module and the controllable attenuator provide high-precision phase and amplitude adjustment capabilities. This method has broad application prospects in the fields of wireless communication, radar detection, satellite communication, etc. By precisely controlling the polarization state of the antenna, the anti-interference ability, transmission efficiency, and coverage of the communication system can be improved.

[0048] Embodiment 3 A design method of a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay, and the specific implementation process can be as Figure 2 shown. First, it is necessary to determine the required polarization mode, decompose the required polarization into two mutually perpendicular linearly polarized waves, and calculate their phase and amplitude. Then, calculate the required corresponding delay time and attenuation multiple from the phase and amplitude, and set this value through the PC side. After the setting is completed, it can start to work.

[0049] First, confirm the required polarization mode according to specific experimental requirements, which can be any one of linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. The electric field vector of linear polarization vibrates in a fixed direction. The electric field vector of circular polarization rotates at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, forming a circular trajectory. The electric field vector of elliptical polarization rotates in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, but the trajectory is elliptical. Then, decompose the selected polarization mode into two mutually perpendicular linearly polarized waves and , and determine the phase and amplitude of the linear polarization. Then, calculate the required delay time of the optical delay line and the attenuation multiple of the attenuator based on the phase and amplitude, and set this value through the PC. After the setting is completed, two linearly polarized waves are input into the dual-polarized antenna to achieve any polarization.

[0050] Generalized elliptical polarization includes circular polarization and linear polarization. It can be understood that circular polarization and linear polarization are just two special cases of elliptical polarization. Therefore, there are no special requirements for and . Narrow elliptical polarization can be understood as the polarization excluding these two special cases of circular polarization and linear polarization. Therefore, it is required that neither and have equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 90 , nor can it satisfy and being in-phase or anti-phase.

[0051] Since only the phase of one electromagnetic wave needs to be changed in the present invention, and can be simplified to: (1) (2) where is the phase difference between the two components. Next, eliminate t to obtain the relationship of the electric field trajectory in the x-y plane. First, expand using the expansion formula of trigonometric functions to get:

[0052] Then, from equations (1) and (2), we can get (3) (4) Next, square equation (3) and add it to the square of equation (4) to get:

[0053] After further simplification, the elliptical equation can be obtained:

[0054] Next, specifically analyze how to achieve circular polarization in the present invention. Theoretically, the and of circular polarization have equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 90 . In the present invention, in order to achieve circular polarization, by adjusting the low-noise amplifier and the controllable attenuator, it can be ensured that and are equal in magnitude. Then, simplify according to the axial length formula of the ellipse to get: (5) (6) From equations (5) and (6), the axial ratio calculation formula can be obtained: (7) Finally, from that is the inequality can be obtained:

[0055] Solving gives the value range of is:

[0056]

[0057] It can be seen that when ensuring and have equal amplitudes, the phase bandwidth of circular polarization accounts for of the entire elliptical polarization. Table 1 shows the delay time range required for the controllable optical delay module when circular polarization is achieved using the present invention under different frequency signals.

[0058] Table 1 Optical delay time range of the optical delay module for achieving circular polarization using the present invention under different frequency signals

[0059] Next, specifically analyze how to achieve linear polarization. Linear polarization requires and to be in phase or antiphase, and the amplitudes can be arbitrary. Linear polarization is elliptical polarization with an infinite axial ratio. In practice, when the axial ratio it can be considered linear polarization. and The tangent of the angle between the electric field strength vector of the synthesized electromagnetic wave and the positive x-axis direction is:

[0060] When it is vertical polarization, and when it is horizontal polarization. Next, discuss when what phase difference can be considered to approximately achieve linear polarization, that is, the axial ratio . From equation (7), the inequality can be listed:

[0061] Calculating gives the value range of is:

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Table 2 shows the delay time range required for the controllable optical delay module when linear polarization is achieved using the present invention under different frequency signals and under the condition that...

[0065] Table 2 Optical delay time range of the optical delay module for achieving linear polarization under different frequency signals of the present invention

[0066] Upon reading the above description, many embodiments and many applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of this teaching should not be determined with reference to the above description, but rather should be determined with reference to the full scope of the foregoing claims and the equivalents of those claims. For the sake of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and published announcements, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended to abandon such subject matter, nor should the applicant be regarded as not having considered such subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

[0067] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection determined by the present application.

Claims

1. A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay, characterized in that, Comprising: Comprising a power divider, an E / O optoelectronic conversion module, an optical delay module, an O / E optoelectronic conversion module, a low-noise amplifier, an attenuator, and a dual-polarized antenna; An electromagnetic signal is input at the input end of the power divider. The first output end of the power divider is connected to the dual-polarized antenna. The second output end of the power divider is connected to the input end of the E / O optoelectronic conversion module. The output end of the E / O optoelectronic conversion module is connected to the first input end of the optical delay module. The output end of the optical delay module is connected to the input end of the O / E optoelectronic conversion module. The output end of the O / E optoelectronic conversion module is connected to the input end of the low-noise amplifier. The output end of the low-noise amplifier is connected to the first input end of the attenuator. The output end of the attenuator is connected to the dual-polarized antenna.

2. The all-bandwidth and all-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay according to claim 1, wherein, The bandwidth ranges of the power divider, the E / O optoelectronic conversion module, the O / E optoelectronic conversion module, the low-noise amplifier, the attenuator, and the dual-polarized antenna are 1 GHz - 40 GHz.

3. A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gain range is controlled to be 1 dB - 120 dB by the low-noise amplifier and the controllable attenuator.

4. A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay according to claim 1, wherein The polarization mode of the dual-polarized antenna is linear polarization, circular polarization, or elliptical polarization.

5. The all-bandwidth and all-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay according to claim 1, characterized in that The resolution of the optical delay module is 0.05 ps.

6. The all-bandwidth and all-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay according to claim 1, wherein The second input end of the optical delay module and the second input end of the attenuator are respectively connected to the PC end.

7. A full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay according to claim 1, characterized in that The delay time calculation formula of the optical delay module is: Among them, represents the frequency of the signal to be delayed, represents the time required for the delay, represents the phase corresponding to the delay.

8. A method for implementing a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay, using a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that Including the following steps: The power divider divides the input electromagnetic signal into two linearly polarized waves. One linearly polarized wave is directly input into one port of the dual-polarized antenna. The other linearly polarized wave first passes through the E / O optoelectronic conversion module to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal. The optical signal is delayed by the optical delay module to adjust the phase. The delayed optical signal is then converted back into an electrical signal by the O / E optoelectronic conversion module. The electrical signal is adjusted in signal strength and signal amplitude by the low-noise amplifier and the attenuator to obtain the adjusted other linearly polarized wave. The adjusted other linearly polarized wave is input into the other port of the dual-polarized antenna. The two linearly polarized waves are combined into any other polarized electromagnetic wave.

9. A design method for a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay, using a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Determine an arbitrary polarization state and decompose the target polarization into two orthogonal linearly polarized components; Calculate the phases and amplitudes of the two orthogonal linearly polarized components; Convert the phases and amplitudes of the two orthogonal linearly polarized components into the optical delay time of the optical delay module and the attenuation multiple of the attenuator; After setting the optical delay time and the attenuation multiple, the antenna starts to work.

10. The implementation method of a full-bandwidth and full-polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical delay according to claim 9, characterized in that, The polarization states include circular polarization, linear polarization, and elliptical polarization; The design method of circular polarization is as follows: by adjusting the low-noise amplifier and the attenuator, adjust one linearly polarized wave and another linearly polarized wave to have equal magnitudes, and adjust the phase difference to 90 degrees through an optical delay line; The design method of linear polarization is as follows: by adjusting the optical delay module, adjust the phase difference between one linearly polarized wave and another linearly polarized wave to be 0 degrees or 180 degrees; The design method of elliptical polarization is as follows: by adjusting the optical delay module and the attenuator, adjust a linearly polarized wave and another linearly polarized wave such that the amplitude and phase of neither satisfy the implementation methods of circular polarization and linear polarization; The optical delay time of the optical delay module is calculated using the phase difference and the speed of light, and the attenuation multiple of the attenuator is calculated using the amplitude ratio and the characteristics of the attenuator.

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