Breeding method for increasing survival rate of plectropomus leopardus

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a breeding method for increasing the survival rate of plectropomus leopardus. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps that 1, the concentration of dissolved oxygen and the pH value in a water body are monitored regularly, 2, the fluctuation range of the water temperature is adjusted and kept within the proper range, 3, it is ensured that the water flow ranges from 0.05 m / s to 0.1 m / s, and the influence of too fast or too slow water flow on fish schools is avoided, and 4, the proportion of feed is adjusted according to the growth stage of plectropomus leopardus, and the growth period of plectropomus leopardus is prolonged. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, feeding a fish school to ensure that the fish school obtains sufficient nutrition in different growth stages, step 5, regularly checking the health condition of the fish school, monitoring the water quality of a culture environment, and timely identifying and treating pathogenic microorganisms possibly existing in water, and step 6, reasonably setting the culture density according to the conditions of the culture environment and the growth state of the fish school. According to the method, through environment control, feed management and disease prevention and control, the survival rate of the plectropomus leopardus is increased, rapid and healthy growth of the plectropomus leopardus is promoted, and the breeding benefits are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers. Background Art

[0002] Leopard coral groupers are widely distributed in marine and freshwater waters and are a common edible fish. Because of their delicious meat and high nutritional value, they have become popular aquatic products in the market. With the development of the aquaculture industry, the cultivation scale of leopard coral groupers has gradually expanded. However, despite their great cultivation potential, there are still many challenges in the actual cultivation process, resulting in prominent problems such as low survival rate and poor economic benefits.

[0003] Leopard coral groupers belong to high-value aquatic fish, and their cultivation faces multiple problems such as inaccurate water quality control, excessive cultivation density, unbalanced feed nutrition, large temperature fluctuations, and inadequate disease prevention and control measures. Specifically, there are significant problems in the following aspects during the cultivation process:

[0004] Ineffective water quality management:

[0005] Water quality is a key factor affecting the health and growth of fish. Leopard coral groupers have high requirements for water quality, especially being very sensitive to dissolved oxygen and pH value. Traditional water quality management methods mostly rely on manual regular detection, resulting in insufficient dissolved oxygen or frequent fluctuations in pH value in the cultivation environment. The instability of water quality easily triggers stress responses in fish populations, reduces immunity, and increases the probability of disease occurrence. At the same time, if harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body exceed the standard, they are likely to have a negative impact on the health of fish and cause large-scale deaths.

[0006] Excessive cultivation density:

[0007] In traditional cultivation, the cultivation density is often not dynamically adjusted according to the carrying capacity of the water body and the growth stage of the fish population, resulting in overcrowding of fish in the cultivation pond. Excessive cultivation density not only easily leads to water quality deterioration but also increases the competition pressure among the fish population. The environment with too high density restricts the activities of fish, resulting in a decline in fish immunity and being extremely prone to causing group diseases, thereby affecting the survival rate.

[0008] Unscientific feed management:

[0009] In traditional cultivation, feed feeding often fails to be accurately adjusted according to the growth stage and individual differences of leopard coral groupers. Many farms adopt standardized feed formulas and lack meticulous control over the nutritional requirements at different growth stages. Especially in the initial stage, if the protein content in the feed is too high or too low, it may affect the growth rate and health status of fish. In addition, unreasonable feeding amounts easily lead to feed waste or fish indigestion, thereby affecting water quality and further increasing the risk of disease transmission.

[0010] Temperature fluctuation problem:

[0011] Temperature is an important factor affecting the metabolism, immunity and growth rate of aquaculture organisms. The suitable growth temperature for Plectropomus leopardus is usually between 22°C and 26°C. However, due to imperfect temperature control facilities or neglect of water temperature management in many farms, the water temperature fluctuates greatly. Especially during seasonal changes, the drastic temperature fluctuations can cause great stress to the fish population and may even lead to fish death in severe cases.

[0012] Insufficient disease prevention and control measures:

[0013] Disease prevention and control in aquaculture usually rely on the use of drugs and vaccines. However, most farms do not manage the vaccination and drug use strictly, and the frequency and types of vaccines often cannot meet the needs of different aquaculture environments and fish populations. In addition, the transmission routes of pathogenic microorganisms are complex. Once the water quality, temperature, density, etc. in the aquaculture environment change, it is easy to cause large-scale outbreaks of diseases. In this context, many farms cannot effectively control the occurrence and spread of diseases, thus affecting the survival rate and aquaculture benefits.

[0014] Therefore, we propose a breeding method to improve the survival rate of Plectropomus leopardus to solve the existing problems. Summary of the Invention

[0015] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a breeding method to improve the survival rate of Plectropomus leopardus for the problems existing in the background technology.

[0016] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A breeding method to improve the survival rate of Plectropomus leopardus, including the following steps. Step 1 Water quality management: Regularly monitor the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration and the pH value of the water body are within a suitable range. Step 2 Water temperature control: Temperature is an important factor affecting fish metabolism and immunity. By adjusting the amplitude of water temperature fluctuations and keeping it within a suitable range. Step 3 Water flow management: Appropriate water flow velocity can promote the uniform distribution of oxygen in the water and ensure the normal activities of the fish population. Reasonably control the water flow velocity to ensure that the water flow is between 0.05m / s and 0.1m / s, avoiding the impact of too fast or too slow water flow on the fish population and reducing the stress on fish caused by uneven water flow. Step 4 Feed management: Adjust the feed ratio according to the growth stage of Plectropomus leopardus to ensure that the fish population obtains sufficient nutrition at different growth stages. Step 5 Disease prevention and control: Regularly check the health status of the fish population and monitor the water quality of the aquaculture environment, and promptly identify and deal with pathogenic microorganisms that may exist in the water. Step 6 Breeding density control: Reasonably set the breeding density according to the conditions of the aquaculture environment and the growth status of the fish population.

[0017] Preferably, the water quality management further includes regularly checking important water quality indicators such as dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value in the water body using water quality monitoring instruments, ensuring that the dissolved oxygen concentration is in the range of 6 - 8 mg / L, and the pH value of the water body is controlled between 7.8 and 8.4, so as to ensure that the water quality is always within an appropriate range, promptly detect water quality changes and make adjustments. Maintaining stable water quality helps the normal respiration and growth of fish, and avoids stress reactions or diseases caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen or abnormal pH value. Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are common water quality pollutants, and excessive concentrations will affect the health of fish. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water should be kept at the lowest level, preferably below 0.1 mg / L.

[0018] Preferably, the water temperature control further includes using water temperature adjustment equipment such as heaters and cooling devices to ensure that the temperature of the aquaculture water body is between 22°C and 26°C, reducing stress reactions caused by temperature fluctuations, enhancing the immunity and health status of the fish population, making the water temperature fluctuation not exceed 1 - 2°C, and avoiding fish stress reactions and disease transmission caused by sudden water temperature changes.

[0019] Preferably, in the feed management, by controlling the daily feed feeding amount, it is ensured that the fish ingest sufficient protein, fat and other necessary nutrients, thereby promoting their healthy growth. According to the growth requirements of the fish body, the protein content in the initial feed should be 40% - 50%. As the fish weight increases, the protein content is gradually reduced, and the content of fat and vitamins is increased to meet different growth and development needs.

[0020] Preferably, the disease prevention and control reduces the risk of fish populations being infected with diseases and improves the overall survival rate through immunization, drug treatment and optimizing the aquaculture environment. It further includes regularly conducting vaccination to enhance the immunity of fish and reduce the probability of diseases caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses. The vaccination frequency is usually once every 3 to 6 months to ensure the long-term health of the fish population. The drug treatment includes regularly adding feeds rich in immune regulators such as vitamin C and vitamin E, which can effectively improve the disease resistance of fish.

[0021] Preferably, the recommended aquaculture density control is 10 - 20 fish per square meter. By adjusting the ratio of the fish population quantity and the water body volume, it is avoided that water quality deterioration and disease transmission are caused by excessive density, and a good state of the aquaculture environment is maintained. It further includes dynamically adjusting the density according to factors such as water body volume, fish population quantity, environmental conditions and water flow velocity to ensure that the fish population lives under good growth conditions and avoids resource competition and decreased immunity caused by overcrowding.

[0022] Preferably, the proportions of protein, fat, and vitamins in the feed management method are dynamically adjusted according to the weight and different growth stages of the fish to ensure that the nutritional requirements of the fish in different growth periods are fully met, and to avoid growth retardation and health problems caused by malnutrition or imbalance.

[0023] Preferably, through the use of data analysis and monitoring equipment, the method can adjust the feed feeding amount, environmental conditions, and disease prevention and control measures in real time, so as to achieve dynamic optimization management, ensure the health and growth of the fish population during the breeding process. It further includes setting up a multi-stage filtration system and a biological purification system to maintain the long-term stability of water quality, and reducing the concentration of harmful substances through physical and biological treatment methods to improve the water quality purification effect and ensure the health of the fish population.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] Precise water quality control: The present invention takes systematic measures in water quality management by precisely controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value in the water, ensuring that the water quality is within the optimal range for the growth of leopard coralgrouper, reducing the stress response and disease risk caused by water quality deterioration, and thus greatly improving the survival rate of the fish population;

[0026] Stable temperature regulation: The present invention precisely controls the temperature to keep the water temperature stable between 22°C and 26°C, effectively reducing the impact of temperature fluctuations on the fish population. The appropriate water temperature can improve the immunity of leopard coralgrouper, reduce the stress response caused by temperature, and promote its healthy growth;

[0027] Scientific feed management: According to the growth requirements and weight changes of leopard coralgrouper, the proportions of nutritional components such as protein, fat, and vitamins in the feed are gradually adjusted, enabling the fish to obtain balanced and sufficient nutrition in each growth period, and avoiding growth retardation or low immunity problems caused by unbalanced feed;

[0028] Enhanced disease prevention and control: Through regular health checks, vaccination, and water quality disinfection, the present invention effectively prevents the breeding of pathogenic microorganisms in the water and reduces the occurrence of diseases. In addition, timely drug treatment and health management measures help improve the immunity and disease resistance of the fish population;

[0029] Optimized stocking density: The present invention proposes to dynamically adjust the stocking density according to the water volume, fish population activity, and fish growth status, avoiding overcrowding and resource competition, and ensuring that each fish can grow healthily in sufficient space. A reasonable stocking density can not only reduce water pollution caused by excessive density but also reduce the stress response caused by over-competition;

[0030] Improving survival rate and growth rate: After comprehensively adopting various measures, the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of leopard coral groupers and accelerate their growth process, thereby greatly enhancing the aquaculture benefits. At the same time, the health status of the fish is guaranteed. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the present invention; Detailed Embodiments

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] As Figure 1 shown, a breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers proposed by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1 Water quality management:

[0036] Regularly monitor the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration and the pH value of the water body are within a suitable range. The water quality management further includes regularly checking important water quality indicators such as the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value in the water body using a water quality monitoring instrument to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration is in the range of 6-8 mg / L. Too low a dissolved oxygen concentration will cause fish to suffocate and die, while too high a concentration may cause peroxidative damage. The dissolved oxygen curve can be used to quantitatively describe the relationship between dissolved oxygen change and water temperature:

[0037] DO(T) = 6 + 2·sin(0.2·T)

[0038] where DO(T) is the dissolved oxygen concentration at time T, and T is the time (hours), expressing the fluctuation of dissolved oxygen over time.

[0039] And the pH value of the water body is controlled between 7.8 and 8.4. Too high or too low water body acidity and alkalinity will affect the feeding and metabolism of groupers. By means of a slow-release agent or adjusting the water flow, the water quality is kept stable. The formula is as follows:

[0040] Let the target pH value be pH target , and the current pH value be pH current , it is necessary to ensure:

[0041] |pH current - pH target | ≤ 0.5.

[0042] By detecting water quality changes in a timely manner and making adjustments as described above, it is ensured that the water quality always remains within an appropriate range. Maintaining stable water quality helps the normal respiration and growth of fish, and avoids stress reactions or diseases caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen or abnormal pH values.

[0043] Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are common water quality pollutants, and excessive concentrations can affect the health of fish. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water should be kept at the lowest level, preferably below 0.1 mg / L. The formula is as follows: Let the ammonia nitrogen concentration in water be C NH3 , and the nitrite concentration be C NO2 , and it is necessary to satisfy:

[0044] C NH3 ≤0.1 and C NO2 ≤0.1

[0045] Step 2 Water temperature control:

[0046] Plectropomus leopardus is extremely sensitive to water temperature changes. Excessive or too low temperatures will lead to a decline in its immunity and increase the risk of disease occurrence. The ideal water temperature range is 22 - 26 °C. Temperature is an important factor affecting fish metabolism and immunity. By regulating the amplitude of water temperature fluctuations and keeping it within an appropriate range, water temperature control further includes using water temperature regulation equipment such as heaters and cooling devices to ensure that the temperature of the aquaculture water body is between 22 °C and 26 °C, reducing stress reactions caused by temperature fluctuations, enhancing the immunity and health status of the fish population, making the water temperature fluctuation not exceed 1 - 2 °C, and avoiding fish stress reactions and disease transmission caused by sudden water temperature changes. The water temperature change can be described by the following function:

[0047] T(t) = T opt +A·sin(B·t)

[0048] where T(t) represents the water temperature at time t, and T opt is the optimal water temperature (24 °C), and A and B are the amplitude and period constants of temperature fluctuations.

[0049] Step 3 Water flow management:

[0050] The speed of water flow affects the growth and health of fish. Too strong water flow will increase the energy consumption of fish, and too weak water flow may lead to insufficient oxygen exchange. Appropriate water flow speed can promote the uniform distribution of oxygen in water, ensure the normal activities of the fish population, reasonably control the water flow speed, avoid the impact of too fast or too slow water flow on the fish population, and reduce the stress of fish caused by uneven water flow. The water flow speed can be calculated by the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] where v is the water flow speed, and Q is the water flow rate (m3 ( / s), where A is the cross-sectional area of the water tank (m 2 ). The recommended water flow velocity is 0.05 - 0.1 m / s.

[0053] Step 4 Feed management:

[0054] Groupers have relatively high requirements for nutrients, mainly including protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. The protein content of the feed needs to be adjusted according to the weight and growth stage of the fish. Adjust the feed ratio according to the growth stage of the leopard coral grouper to ensure that the fish group obtains sufficient nutrition at different growth stages.

[0055] Among them, the fish weight and feed ratio:

[0056] Assume that the fish weight W(t) changes with time and can be predicted by the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] where W0 is the initial weight (g), r is the growth rate (%), and t is the time (days).

[0059] In feed management, by controlling the daily feed feeding amount, ensure that the fish ingest sufficient protein, fat, and other necessary nutrients, thereby promoting their healthy growth.

[0060] Calculation of feed consumption:

[0061] The daily feed consumption F(t) can be calculated by a function of the fish weight:

[0062] F(t) = k·W(t)

[0063] where k is the feed consumption coefficient, usually taking values of 1.2 - 1.5, and this value will change with the fish weight and temperature.

[0064] According to the biological characteristics of the leopard coral grouper, it is recommended to adopt a staged feeding method, that is, to feed at a high frequency in the early stage to promote rapid growth, and gradually reduce the feeding frequency in the later stage to maintain the weight. According to the growth requirements of the fish body, the protein content in the initial feed should be 40% - 50%. As the fish weight increases, gradually reduce the protein content and increase the fat and vitamin content to meet the different growth and development needs;

[0065] The proportions of protein, fat, and vitamins in the feed management method are dynamically adjusted according to the weight and different growth stages of the fish to ensure that the nutritional needs of the fish at different growth periods are fully met, and to avoid growth retardation and health problems caused by malnutrition or imbalance.

[0066] Step 5 Disease prevention and control:

[0067] Plectropomus leopardus is susceptible to parasitic, bacterial, and viral diseases. During the farming process, regular water quality testing and fish body examinations are required. Regularly check the health status of the fish population and monitor the water quality of the farming environment, and promptly identify and handle potential pathogenic microorganisms in the water. Among them, the parasite infection model:

[0068] Assume that the infection rate of a certain disease changes with time t, and the infection rate I(t) can be expressed by the following formula:

[0069] I(t) = I0·e -λ·t

[0070] where I0 is the initial infection rate, λ is the infection transmission speed constant, and t is the time. By regularly checking the water body and fish body and taking timely treatment measures, the infection rate can be effectively reduced.

[0071] Disease prevention and control reduce the risk of fish population infection and improve the overall survival rate through vaccination, drug treatment, and optimizing the farming environment. It further includes regularly vaccinating to enhance the immune ability of fish and reduce the probability of diseases caused by parasites, bacteria, or viruses. The vaccination frequency is usually once every 3 to 6 months to ensure the long-term health of the fish population;

[0072] Drug treatment includes regularly adding feeds rich in immune regulators such as vitamin C and vitamin E, which can effectively improve the disease resistance of fish.

[0073] Step 6: Control of stocking density:

[0074] Excessive stocking density will lead to insufficient oxygen and accelerated disease transmission. According to the conditions of the farming environment and the growth status of the fish population, reasonably set the stocking density. The ideal stocking density is 10 - 20 fish per square meter. By adjusting the ratio of the fish population number to the water volume, avoid water quality deterioration and disease transmission caused by excessive density, and maintain a good state of the farming environment. The density control model can be expressed by the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] where D is the stocking density per unit area, N is the number of fish, and A is the area of the farming area.

[0077] It further includes dynamically adjusting the density according to factors such as water volume, fish population number, environmental conditions, and water flow speed to ensure that the fish population lives under good growth conditions and avoid resource competition and decreased immunity caused by overcrowding.

[0078] Through the use of data analysis and monitoring equipment, this method can adjust the feed intake, environmental conditions, and disease prevention and control measures in real time, thereby achieving dynamic optimization management to ensure the health and growth of the fish population during the breeding process. It further includes setting up a multi-stage filtration system and a biological purification system to maintain the long-term stability of water quality, and reducing the concentration of harmful substances through physical and biological treatment methods to improve the water purification effect and guarantee the health of the fish population.

[0079] The above specific embodiments are merely several preferred embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention and the relevant inspirations of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

[0080] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers, comprising the following steps, characterized in that: The water quality management in Step 1: Regularly monitor the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen concentration and the pH value of the water body are within a suitable range. The water temperature control in Step 2: Temperature is an important factor affecting the metabolism and immunity of fish. By adjusting the amplitude of water temperature fluctuations and maintaining it within a suitable range. The water flow management in Step 3: Appropriate water flow velocity can promote the uniform distribution of oxygen in the water and ensure the normal activities of the fish population. The feed management in Step 4: Adjust the feed ratio according to the growth stage of the leopard coral grouper to ensure that the fish population obtains sufficient nutrition at different growth stages. The disease prevention and control in Step 5: Regularly check the health status of the fish population and conduct water quality monitoring on the breeding environment, and promptly identify and handle potential pathogenic microorganisms in the water. The stocking density control in Step 6: Reasonably set the stocking density according to the conditions of the breeding environment and the growth status of the fish population.

2. The breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water quality management further includes using water quality monitoring instruments to regularly check important water quality indicators such as the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value in the water body, ensuring that the dissolved oxygen concentration is in the range of 6-8 mg / L, and the pH value of the water body is controlled between 7.8 and 8.4, so as to ensure that the water quality is always within a suitable range, promptly detect water quality changes and make adjustments. Maintaining stable water quality helps the normal respiration and growth of fish, and avoids stress reactions or diseases caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen or abnormal pH value.

3. The breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral grouper according to claim 1, wherein: The water temperature control further includes using water temperature adjustment equipment such as heaters and cooling devices to ensure that the temperature of the breeding water body is between 22°C and 26°C, reducing stress reactions caused by temperature fluctuations, enhancing the immunity and health status of the fish population, so that the water temperature fluctuation does not exceed 1-2°C, and avoiding fish stress reactions and disease transmission caused by sudden water temperature changes.

4. A breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the feed management, by controlling the daily feed feeding amount, ensure that the fish ingest sufficient protein, fat and other necessary nutrients, thereby promoting their healthy growth. According to the growth requirements of the fish body, the protein content in the initial feed should be 40%-50%. As the fish weight increases, gradually reduce the protein content and increase the content of fat and vitamins to meet the different needs of its growth and development.

5. A breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disease prevention and control reduces the risk of the fish population being infected with diseases and improves the overall survival rate through immunization, drug treatment and optimizing the breeding environment. It further includes regularly conducting vaccination to enhance the immunity of fish and reduce the probability of diseases caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses. The vaccination frequency is usually once every 3 to 6 months to ensure the long-term health of the fish population.

6. The breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recommended stocking density for the stocking density control is 10-20 fish per square meter. By adjusting the ratio of the fish population quantity and the water volume, avoid water quality deterioration and disease transmission caused by excessive density, and maintain a good state of the breeding environment. It further includes dynamically adjusting the density according to factors such as water volume, fish population quantity, environmental conditions and water flow velocity to ensure that the fish population lives under good growth conditions and avoid resource competition and decreased immunity caused by overcrowding.

7. The breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers according to claim 4, characterized in that: The proportions of protein, fat, and vitamins in the feed management method are dynamically adjusted according to the weight and different growth stages of the fish to ensure that the nutritional requirements of the fish in different growth periods are fully met, and to avoid growth retardation and health problems caused by malnutrition or imbalance.

8. A breeding method for improving the survival rate of leopard coral groupers according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through the use of data analysis and monitoring equipment, the method can adjust the feed feeding amount, environmental conditions, and disease prevention and control measures in real time, so as to achieve dynamic optimization management, ensure the health and growth of the fish population during the breeding process. It further includes setting up a multi-stage filtration system and a biological purification system to maintain the long-term stability of water quality, and reducing the concentration of harmful substances through physical and biological treatment methods to improve the water quality purification effect and guarantee the health of the fish population.

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