Multiplexed medical instrument sterilization apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to multiplexing medical disinfection technical field, especially a kind of multiplexing medical instrument disinfection equipment, including cleaning assembly, including containing box, with the excretory plate of containing box sliding connection, the closed cover of rotation being located in the end surface of containing box, be located in the one-way piece of containing box interior, containing box outer wall is connected with flow guide pipe, and flow guide pipe two ends are located respectively on the upper and lower sides of one-way piece;Detection component, containing box outer wall is equipped with sliding pipeline, piston rod is equipped in the inside of sliding pipeline, first conveying pipe is connected to the one end of piston rod, first elastic member is equipped in the inside of piston rod, ball head is equipped in the one end of first elastic member, rotating rod is equipped in the inside of containing box, and rotating rod is communicated with the inside of sliding pipeline;The present application is washed to multiplexing medical instrument by the up-and-down movement of one-way piece, cooperate water pressure, can be aimed at a variety of multiplexing medical instrument disinfection, including high temperature, high pressure disinfection, disinfectant disinfection, hot water disinfection and so on.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical instrument disinfection, in particular to a reusable medical instrument disinfection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Reusable medical instruments refer to medical instruments designed for repeated use among different patients, and must undergo proper decontamination and other processing procedures before being reused. After each use, reusable instruments need to be cleaned and disinfected, and then sterilized. The preferred cleaning and disinfection method is wet heat disinfection using a full-automatic cleaning and disinfection machine.

[0003] The existing disinfection methods for reusable medical instruments include the following categories: classification according to the material, purpose and contamination level of the medical instruments. Cleaning: including manual cleaning and mechanical cleaning. Manual cleaning is suitable for precision and complex instruments, and mechanical cleaning is suitable for most conventional instruments. Disinfection: selecting appropriate disinfection methods according to the classification of the medical instruments. Drying: the disinfected instruments should be fully dried to avoid the growth of microorganisms caused by residual moisture. Packaging and storage: the disinfected instruments should be properly packaged and stored in a clean and dry environment. In actual use, the medical instruments are directly placed in the cleaning basket during the disinfection process, and the cleaning is performed by the cleaning device. The medical instruments remain stationary in the cleaning basket sprayed with disinfectant water, which makes it difficult to clean the dirt or impurities adhering to some medical instruments, and the cleaning is not comprehensive enough, resulting in poor disinfection effect and reduced cleaning efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the summary of the application and the title of the application, in order to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the summary of the application and the title of the application, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the application.

[0005] In view of the above or existing problems in the prior art, the present application is proposed.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a reusable medical instrument disinfection device, comprising a cleaning assembly, including a containing box, a drainage plate in sliding connection with the containing box, a closing cover rotatably arranged at the end face of the containing box, a one-way piece arranged in the interior of the containing box, a flow guide pipe connected to the outer wall of the containing box, and the two ends of the flow guide pipe being located on the upper and lower sides of the one-way piece, respectively.

[0007] A detection assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the containing box, including a sliding pipe, a piston rod arranged in the interior of the sliding pipe, a first conveying pipe connected to one end of the piston rod, a first elastic piece arranged in the interior of the piston rod, a ball head arranged at one end of the first elastic piece, and a rotating rod arranged in the interior of the containing box and in communication with the interior of the sliding pipe.

[0008] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0009] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0010] Two sealing covers are arranged, and a fixing plate is arranged between the two sealing covers; the inner part of the containing box is provided with a threaded rod, and the threaded rod is connected to the fixing plate and the bottom end of the containing box, respectively.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0013] The inner part of the flow-through hole is slidably provided with a flow-limiting plate, the flow-limiting plate is provided with a positioning hole, and the outer wall of the flow-limiting plate is provided with a positioning block matched with the positioning hole.

[0014] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0017] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0018] As a preferred scheme of the multiplex medical instrument disinfection device, the outer wall of the containing box is provided with a battery containing groove.

[0019] The multiplex medical instrument disinfection device can be used for disinfecting various multiplex medical instruments, including high-temperature, high-pressure disinfection, disinfectant disinfection, hot water disinfection, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort based on these drawings. Among them:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a whole three-dimensional view of the multipurpose medical instrument disinfection equipment.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a top view of the multipurpose medical instrument disinfection equipment.

[0023] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 A-A sectional view.

[0024] Figure 4 It is Figure 2 B-B sectional view.

[0025] Figure 5 It is the internal structure of the multipurpose medical instrument disinfection equipment.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic view of the one-way piece structure of the multipurpose medical instrument disinfection equipment.

[0027] Figure 7 It is Figure 3 C area structure enlargement schematic view.

[0028] Figure 8 It is Figure 6 D area structure enlargement schematic view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] Referring to Figures 1-5 , the first embodiment of the present application provides a multipurpose medical instrument disinfection equipment, which comprises a cleaning assembly 100, including a containing box 101, a drainage plate 102 in sliding connection with the containing box 101, a closing cover 103 rotatably arranged at the end surface of the containing box 101, a one-way piece 104 arranged inside the containing box 101, a flow guide pipe 105 connected to the outer wall of the containing box 101, and the two ends of the flow guide pipe 105 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the one-way piece 104;

[0032] The detection assembly 200, the outer wall of the containing box 101 is provided with a sliding pipe 201, a piston rod 202 arranged in the sliding pipe 201, a first conveying pipe 203 connected to one end of the piston rod 202, a first elastic member 204 arranged in the piston rod 202, a ball head 205 arranged at one end of the first elastic member 204, and a rotating rod 206 arranged in the containing box 101 and communicated with the inside of the sliding pipe 201.

[0033] The containing box 101 is a box structure with an internal cavity and an upper opening; the drain plate 102 slides along the bottom surface of the containing box 101 and can be pulled out of the containing box 101; this design has the advantage that after the reusable medical instrument is placed in the containing box 101 and processed, the drain plate 102 can be pulled out to open an opening at the bottom of the containing box 101, and the liquid in the containing box 101 can be drained. At the same time, a filter screen is arranged on the surface of the drain plate 102 and can be used to attach some impurities to the surface of the filter screen. A sealing cover 103 is rotatably installed at the upper opening of the containing box 101 and is sealed with the containing box 101, for example, a sealing strip is installed at the contact position of the sealing cover 103 or the containing box 101; this design has the advantage that the sealing cover 103 can be rotated to open or close the containing box 101, and the sealing property of the containing box 101 can be ensured. A one-way member 104 is installed in the containing box 101, and the main function of the one-way member 104 is to make the liquid in the containing box 101 flow in one direction, i.e., the liquid in the containing box 101 can only move upward or only move downward; this one-way member 104 can rely on a one-way valve installed on a plate to realize the function of the one-way member 104; at the same time, in order to make the liquid in the containing box 101 circulate, the two ends of a flow guide pipe 105 are connected to the inside of the containing box 101, and the two ends of the flow guide pipe 105 are located on the upper and lower sides of the one-way member 104; this design has the advantage that when the liquid in the containing box 101 needs to be cleaned and disinfected, the one-way member 104 can be moved up and down to make the liquid in the containing box 101 circulate; for example, when the one-way circulation is downward and the reusable medical instrument is placed on the upper surface of the one-way member 104, the one-way member 104 starts to move downward and cannot pass the liquid, so the liquid can only flow from the lower end to the upper end of the flow guide pipe 105, and due to the small space of the flow guide pipe 105 and the extrusion of the one-way member 104, the liquid at the upper end of the flow guide pipe 105 will be sprayed out, and at this point, Figure 4As shown, the upper port of the guide tube 105 can be aligned with the one-way component 104. When the one-way component 104 begins to move downward, the guide tube 105 begins to sweep the surface of the one-way component 104. This can clean the reusable medical device surface on the upper surface of the one-way component 104 and prevent impurities from adhering to the surface of the reusable medical device. Subsequently, when the one-way component 104 moves upward, the liquid begins to move downward through the one-way component 104. The advantage of this design is that when the liquid moves downward, it forms a drainage. By utilizing the drainage effect, a pulling force is formed, which can guide the impurities that are flushed up to the bottom of the one-way component 104.

[0034] Furthermore, a sliding pipe 201 is fixed to the outer wall of the receiving box 101. Simultaneously, a piston rod 202 is slidably mounted on the sliding pipe 201. A seal is formed between the piston rod 202 and the inner wall of the sliding pipe 201. The upper end of the piston rod 202 is connected to a first conveying pipe 203, which extends into the sliding pipe 201. That is, the first conveying pipe 203 connects to the sliding channel 201 via the piston rod 202. The first conveying pipe 203 is equipped with a valve, allowing it to be opened or closed. Simultaneously, a first elastic element 204 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bottom end of the piston rod 202. 04 is a compression spring. A ball head 205 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first elastic element 204. The radius of the ball head 205 is larger than the radius of the piston rod 202, so the ball head 205 will not be pulled into the piston rod 202 by the first elastic element 204. At the same time, the surface of the ball head 205 can be made to fit against the inner wall of the piston rod 202, forming a blocking effect. It should be noted that the first elastic element 204 is in a stretched state. The rotating rod 206 is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the receiving box 101, and one end of the rotating rod 206 extends into the sliding channel 201. The rotating rod 206 is a pipe structure with open structures at both ends. The advantage of this design is that when the valve of the first delivery pipe 203 is opened, the liquid is delivered into the sliding pipe 201 through the first delivery pipe 203. When it encounters the ball head 205, the ball head 205 will be pushed open due to the liquid pressure, and then the liquid will begin to enter the sliding channel 201. Due to space constraints, the liquid will begin to enter the rotating rod 206 and then spray out from the other end to clean the bottom of the container 101.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, the bottom of the container 101 slopes downward from the middle to both sides with a horizontal difference of h; in this way, the cleaned liquid can flow along the slope to both ends.

[0036] In summary, when the multipurpose medical instrument needs to be disinfected, the closure cover 103 is opened, the multipurpose medical instrument is placed on the upper surface of the one-way piece 104, then the disinfecting liquid is delivered into the container 101 through the first delivery pipe 203, then the first delivery pipe 203 is closed, and then the one-way piece 104 starts to move downwards, then the disinfecting liquid flows upwards from the lower end of the flow guide pipe 105, and then the multipurpose medical instrument on the surface of the one-way piece 104 starts to be cleaned; then the one-way piece 104 moves upwards, the disinfecting liquid starts to be sprayed downwards from the one-way piece 104, forms a flow channel, and guides the impurities on the surface of the multipurpose medical instrument to the lower side of the one-way piece 104.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] With reference to Figures 1-6 For the second embodiment of the application, which is different from the first embodiment, the outer wall of the container 101 is provided with a battery accommodating groove 101a.

[0039] In the lower surface of the container 101, the battery accommodating groove 101a is arranged, and a storage battery is arranged in the battery accommodating groove 101a, and a heating plate is arranged in the container 101, and the storage battery provides power. The advantage of this design is that it can solve the problem that some multipurpose medical instruments cannot be disinfected by liquid.

[0040] For example, when some multipurpose medical instruments that cannot be disinfected by liquid are placed in the container 101, then the closure cover 103 is closed; the interior is heated by the heating plate, then the interior air is heated and expanded; the interior hydraulic pressure starts to rise, and is transmitted to the sliding channel 201 through the rotating rod 206; as the interior pressure increases, the piston rod 202 starts to move upwards, and when the interior pressure and the friction between the piston rod 202 and the inner wall of the sliding pipe 201 are the same, the upward movement distance of the piston rod 202 is also fixed. Some marks can be engraved on the outer surface of the piston rod 202 to roughly express the data of the interior pressure and temperature, so as to ensure that the interior temperature and pressure are within a certain range, and solve the problem that some multipurpose medical instruments cannot be disinfected by liquid.

[0041] Embodiment 3

[0042] With reference to Figures 1-8 For the third embodiment of the application, which is different from the first two embodiments, the closure cover 103 is provided with a second delivery pipe 103a, and the second delivery pipe 103a communicates with the interior of the container 101.

[0043] The closure cover 103 is provided with two, and a fixed plate 101b is arranged between the two closure covers 103, the container 101 is provided with a threaded rod 106, and the threaded rod 106 is connected to the fixed plate 101b and the bottom end of the container 101, respectively.

[0044] The second conveying pipe 103a is connected to the inside of the containing box 101 through the closing cover 103. The closing cover 103 is rotatably arranged on the upper surface of the containing box 101, and two closing covers 103 are arranged. A fixed plate 101b is arranged between the two closing covers 103, so as to solve the problem of the opening on the containing box 101. The fixed plate 101b is arranged in that one end of the threaded rod 106 is rotatably arranged on the fixed plate 101b, and the other end is rotatably arranged on the bottom of the containing box 101. The up-and-down movement of the one-way piece 104 is controlled by rotating the threaded rod 106.

[0045] Preferably, the threaded rod 106 is screwed with the one-way piece 104.

[0046] The threaded rod 106 can be externally connected with a motor. The threaded rod 106 is connected with the one-way piece 104 through a thread. In this way, the threaded rod 106 can drive the one-way piece 104 to slide along the inner wall of the containing box 101.

[0047] Preferably, the one-way piece 104 comprises a limiting plate 104a, and a plurality of flow-through holes 104a-1 are arranged through the limiting plate 104a. A flow adjusting plate 104b is fixedly arranged in the flow-through hole 104a-1, and an exchange slot 104b-1 is arranged through the flow adjusting plate 104b.

[0048] A flow limiting plate 104c is slidably arranged in the flow-through hole 104a-1, and a positioning hole 104c-1 is arranged through the flow limiting plate 104c. A positioning block 104b-2 that is matched with the positioning hole 104c-1 is arranged on the outer wall of the flow adjusting plate 104b.

[0049] In the embodiment, the one-way piece 104 comprises a limiting plate 104a, and a plurality of flow-through holes 104a-1 are arranged through the limiting plate 104a. A flow adjusting plate 104b is fixedly arranged in the flow-through hole 104a-1, and an exchange slot 104b-1 is arranged through the flow adjusting plate 104b. Figure 5The limiting plate 104a is a rectangular plate, and the flow-through holes 104a-1 are arranged in an array and pass through the limiting plate 104a; the flow-through holes 104a-1 are close to the bottom of the containing box 101, and the flow-regulating plate 104b is fixedly installed close to the flow-through holes 104a-1; the flow-regulating plate 104b is provided with a plurality of positioning blocks 104b-2 on the upper surface; and the flow-limiting plate 104c is arranged above the flow-regulating plate 104b, and the flow-limiting plate 104c is provided with positioning holes 104c-1 that can cooperate with the positioning blocks 104b-2. The advantage of this design is that when the one-way piece 104 moves downward, the liquid pushes the flow-limiting plate 104c to move upward through the exchange slot 104b-1 of the flow-regulating plate 104b; the flow-limiting plate 104c is separated from the flow-regulating plate 104b, the positioning holes 104c-1 are separated from the positioning blocks 104b-2, and the liquid flows upward through the positioning holes 104c-1; at the same time, because the diameter of the positioning holes 104c-1 is small, the liquid also flows upward from the lower end to the upper end of the flow guide pipe 105 to clean the upper surface of the medical instrument for reuse; and the upper and lower surfaces of the medical instrument for reuse are cleaned.

[0050] Preferably, the inner wall of the flow-through hole 104a-1 is provided with a first sliding groove 104a-2, and the outer wall of the flow-limiting plate 104c is provided with a first sliding block 104c-2 that can slide along the inner wall of the first sliding groove 104a-2.

[0051] The inner wall of the flow-through hole 104a-1 is provided with a first sliding groove 104a-2, and by limiting the height of the first sliding groove 104a-2, the distance that the flow-limiting plate 104c moves up and down is limited, and at the same time, the flow-limiting plate 104c cannot be disconnected from the flow-regulating plate 104b.

[0052] Further, the two ends of the drainage plate 102 are provided with barrier plates 102a.

[0053] The two ends of the drainage plate 102 are provided with barrier plates 102a, and the advantage of this design is that a horizontal difference is formed between the barrier plates 102a and the drainage plate 102, and when the barrier plates 102a are pulled out of the containing box 101, the drainage plate 102 cannot block the containing box 101, and at the same time, the drainage plate 102 does not need to be pulled out of the containing box 101, at this time, the internal liquid flows outward along the drainage plate 102, and if there are impurities, the impurities flow along the drainage plate 102 and can be collected by the filter screen on the surface of the drainage plate 102, and when the internal liquid flows out, the drainage plate 102 can be pulled out and the surface of the drainage plate 102 can be cleaned.

[0054] In summary, when the multipurpose medical instrument needs to be disinfected, the containing box 101 can be used to pre-treat, disinfect, dry, and the like. The multipurpose medical instrument is placed on the upper surface of the one-way piece 104, then the second conveying pipe 103a is opened, the pre-treatment liquid is input into the containing box 101, then the threaded rod 106 is rotated to move the one-way piece 104 up and down, thereby cleaning the surface of the multipurpose medical instrument; then the drain plate 102 is opened to drain the pre-treatment liquid; then the required disinfectant water can be added through the first conveying pipe 203. At the same time, it can also be used for hot water disinfection, the liquid is conveyed into the containing box 101 through the first conveying pipe 203, the heating plate inside the containing box 101 is heated, then the one-way piece 104 moves up and down, which can stir the water inside the containing box 101 to make the internal water warm up faster; after disinfection, the water or disinfectant water is drained, then the inside is heated to dry the multipurpose medical instrument inside.

[0055] Embodiment 4

[0056] With reference to Figures 1-8 For the fourth embodiment of the application, it is different from the first three embodiments in that the sliding pipe 201 is provided with two.

[0057] The sliding pipe 201 is symmetrically provided with two, which has the advantage that the two sliding pipes 201 can improve the stability of the piston rod 202 sliding.

[0058] Preferably, the inner wall of the piston rod 202 is provided with an avoidance groove 202a for fixedly installing the first elastic piece 204, and the other end of the first elastic piece 204 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the ball head 205.

[0059] The inner diameter of the avoidance groove 202a is larger than the inner diameter of the piston rod 202, the first elastic piece 204 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the avoidance groove 202a, and the other end of the first elastic piece 204 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the ball head 205.

[0060] The rotating rod 206 is a sleeve structure, and the inside of the rotating rod 206 communicates with the outside through the pinhole 206a.

[0061] The inside of the rotating rod 206 communicates with the outside through the pinhole 206a; in this scheme, the two ends of the rotating rod 206 are respectively rotationally connected with the inner wall of the containing box 101; which has the advantage that when the liquid in the first conveying pipe 203 enters the inside of the rotating rod 206, the liquid is sprayed outward through the pinhole 206a; which can clean the bottom end of the containing box 101 and the lower surface of the one-way piece 104. Preferably, the pinhole 206a can be inclined outward, which has the advantage that when the liquid is sprayed outward through the pinhole 206a, a thrust force is formed on the rotating rod 206, which can make the rotating rod 206 rotate.

[0062] In summary, after the multiplex medical instrument is disinfected, the rotating rod 206 can be used to clean the bottom surface of the containing box 101 and the lower surface of the one-way piece 104.

[0063] The disinfection device can be used for disinfection of various multiplex medical instruments, including high-temperature, high-pressure disinfection, disinfection with disinfectant, hot water disinfection, etc.

[0064] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A multiplexed medical instrument sterilization apparatus, comprising: The utility model relates to a cleaning device, including, The utility model discloses a cleaning device, including containing box (101), the excretory plate (102) of sliding connection with containing box (101), the closing cover (103) of rotation in containing box (101) end face, the one-way piece (104) of being equipped with in containing box (101) inside, containing box (101) outer wall is connected with the flow guide pipe (105), and the flow guide pipe (105) both ends are located containing box (101) upper and lower both sides respectively, The utility model discloses a cleaning device, including containing box (101), the excretory plate (102) of sliding connection with containing box (101), the closing cover (103) of rotation in containing box (101) end face, the one-way piece (104) of being equipped with in containing box (101) inside, containing box (101) outer wall is connected with the flow guide pipe (105), and the flow guide pipe (105) both ends are located containing box (101) upper and lower both sides respectively, The one-way piece (104) contains the limit board (104a), a plurality of flow through holes (104a-1) are equipped with in the limit board (104a), the flow through hole (104a-1) inside is fixed with the flow adjusting plate (104b), the flow adjusting plate (104b) is equipped with the interchanging slot (104b-1) in the through, The flow through hole (104a-1) inside is equipped with the flow limiting plate (104c), the flow limiting plate (104c) is equipped with the positioning hole (104c-1) in the through, the flow adjusting plate (104b) outer wall is equipped with the positioning block (104b-2) of adapting with the positioning hole (104c-1), The flow through hole (104a-1) inner wall is equipped with the first sliding groove (104a-2), and the first sliding block (104c-2) that can slide along the first sliding groove (104a-2) inner wall is equipped on the flow limiting plate (104c) outer wall.

2. The multiple medical instrument sterilization apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The containing box (101) outer wall is equipped with a battery accommodating groove (101a).

3. The multiple medical instrument sterilization apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: The closing cover (103) is externally connected with a second conveying pipeline (103a), and the second conveying pipeline (103a) communicates with the inside of the containing box (101). The closing cover (103) is provided with two, and a fixed plate (101b) is arranged between the two closing covers (103), a threaded rod (106) is arranged in the inside of the containing box (101), and the threaded rod (106) is connected to the fixed plate (101b) and the bottom end of the containing box (101) respectively.

4. The multiple medical instrument sterilization apparatus of claim 3, wherein: The threaded rod (106) is screwed with the one-way piece (104).

5. The multiple medical instrument sterilization apparatus of claim 1 or 4, wherein: The excretory plate (102) is provided with a baffle (102a) at both ends.

6. The multiple medical instrument sterilization apparatus of claim 5, wherein: The sliding pipe (201) is provided with two.

7. The multiple medical instrument sterilization apparatus of claim 6, wherein: The piston rod (202) inner wall is equipped with the avoidance groove (202a) for fixedly installing the first elastic member (204), and the other end of the first elastic member (204) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the ball head (205).

8. The multiple medical instrument sterilization apparatus of claim 7, wherein: The rotating rod (206) is a sleeve structure, and the inside and the outside of the rotating rod (206) are communicated through a pinhole (206a).

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