Equipment for precisely polishing inner cavity and outer cavity of capillary made of hard and brittle materials

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment for precisely polishing inner and outer cavities of capillary tubes made of hard and brittle materials, relates to the technical field of polishing of the inner and outer cavities of the capillary tubes, and aims to solve the problem that an existing polishing device for the capillary tubes made of the hard and brittle materials cannot fully position and polish the capillary tubes with different sizes. A movable clamp is movably connected to the upper end of the workbench, a movement adjusting mechanism for driving the movable clamp is arranged between the movable clamp and the workbench, a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the movable clamp, a mounting sleeve is rotationally connected into the fixing plate, and a fixing screw is in threaded connection with the side wall of the mounting sleeve. The upper end of the workbench is fixedly connected with a mounting column, and one end of the mounting column is detachably connected with a polishing mechanism used for polishing an inner cavity and an outer cavity of the capillary tube. The effects of increasing the negative oxygen ion concentration of the bathroom, refreshing air, meanwhile, full polishing, efficient polishing and multi-specification capillary tube adjusting polishing are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of capillary inner and outer cavity polishing, and in particular to an apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary made of hard and brittle materials. Background Art

[0002] A capillary tube generally refers to a thin tube with an inner diameter equal to or less than 1 mm. Because the tube diameter is as thin as a hair, it is called a capillary tube. Capillary tubes are generally used in small Freon refrigeration devices below 20 kW. Capillary electrochromatography is a newly developed micro-separation and analysis technology that integrates the advantages of capillary electrophoresis and microbore column liquid chromatography. By applying a DC high-voltage electric field at both ends of a microbore column chromatographic column filled with fine particle liquid chromatography packing material, it achieves excellent separation ability for trace and complex biological and chemical system samples.

[0003] Chinese Patent with the authorization announcement number CN215789057U discloses a fixing device for capillary polishing. By setting a limiting device, when in use, push the control block to one side. The control block drives the driving wheel and the rotating rod to rotate. The rotating rod drives the limiting rod to rotate. The torsion spring is deformed under force to generate an elastic force, pressing the limiting block towards the side close to the placing block. The compression spring is deformed under force to generate an elastic force. When moving to a certain position, release the control rod. The torsion spring releases the elastic force, making the limiting rod inserted into the limiting sleeve, and then the use can be completed. When it needs to be opened, push the control block. The control block drives the driving wheel and the rotating rod to rotate. The rotating rod drives the limiting rod to rotate. The torsion spring is deformed under force to generate an elastic force, making the limiting rod lose the restraint on the limiting sleeve. The compression spring releases the elastic force, and then the opening can be completed. By setting the limiting device, it is convenient to limit the device, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the device is easily squeezed and deformed when being clamped and fixed by bolts and clamping plates during grinding, and there is also the problem of troublesome operation, thereby reducing the probability of material damage and improving the usability of the device.

[0004] The above-mentioned existing technical solutions have the following defects: The existing capillary polishing devices for hard and brittle materials cannot fully position and polish capillaries of different sizes. At the same time, during the overall polishing process, only the outer surface or the inner surface can be fully polished, reducing the overall processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary made of hard and brittle materials that is convenient to operate and will not cause harm to the operator during the feeding process when the machine is running.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An equipment for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials, comprising a workbench. A movable fixture is movably connected to the upper end of the workbench. A moving adjustment mechanism for driving the movable fixture is arranged between the movable fixture and the workbench. A fixing plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the movable fixture. An installation sleeve is rotatably connected inside the fixing plate. A rotating mechanism for driving the installation sleeve to rotate is arranged at the upper end of the movable fixture. A fixing screw is threadedly connected to the side wall of the installation sleeve. An installation column is fixedly connected to the upper end of the workbench. One end of the installation column is detachably connected with a polishing mechanism for polishing the inner and outer cavities of the capillary tube.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the moving adjustment mechanism can drive the movable fixture to move horizontally. At the same time, during the overall movement, the rotating mechanism drives the capillary tube to rotate, ensuring that the overall rotation polishing of the capillary tube is sufficient, and increasing the overall polishing effect.

[0009] Further, the moving adjustment mechanism internally includes a driving motor fixed to the side wall of the workbench. The output end of the driving motor passes through the side wall of the workbench and extends into the interior of the workbench. The output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected with a lead screw body. A lead screw slider adapted to the lead screw body is movably connected to the outer side of the lead screw body. The upper end of the lead screw slider is fixedly connected with the lower end of the movable fixture.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the driving motor can drive the lead screw body to rotate, and during the rotation of the lead screw body, the lead screw slider is driven to move, thereby ensuring a good overall moving polishing effect.

[0011] Further, the rotating mechanism internally includes a rotating motor fixed to the upper end of the movable fixture. The output end of the rotating motor is fixedly connected with a driving wheel. A belt is movably connected to the outer side of the driving wheel. A driven wheel is fixedly connected to the outer side of the installation sleeve. The driven wheel is movably connected with the belt. The driving wheel is movably connected with the driven wheel through the belt.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotating motor drives the driving wheel to rotate, and during the rotation of the driving wheel, the driven wheel is driven to rotate through the belt, ensuring that the capillary tube remains in a rotating state during movement, and increasing the overall polishing effect.

[0013] Further, the installation sleeve is a hollow cylinder structure with a sealed bottom end. There are two groups of fixing screws symmetrically distributed about the center line of the installation sleeve. A protective pad is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixing screws.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing screws can be fixed to the capillary tube through the protective pad for sufficient positioning, facilitating the overall sufficient positioning movement and rotation of capillary tubes with different outer diameters, and ensuring a good overall positioning and rotation effect.

[0015] Furthermore, the interior of the polishing mechanism includes a mounting frame. On one side of the mounting frame close to the moving fixture, there is a fixed connection with an inner wall cleaning brush assembly for cleaning the inner wall. On one side of the mounting frame close to the moving fixture, there is a fixed connection with a fixed frame body, and the fixed frame body is located outside the inner wall cleaning brush assembly.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the inner wall cleaning brush assembly can be inserted into the capillary during the overall plugging process, ensuring that the capillary can be fully polished during the overall movement and rotation.

[0017] Furthermore, the inner wall cleaning brush assembly internally includes a positioning plug post with a hollow interior. Inside the positioning plug post, there is a movable connection with a movable block. On the outer side of the movable block, there is a fixed connection with a brush plate. Inside the positioning plug post, there is a detachable connection with a rotary positioning member for positioning the movable block. At the bottom end inside the positioning plug post, there is a fixed connection with a threaded connection sleeve. On one side of the rotary positioning member close to the threaded connection sleeve, there is a fixed connection with a threaded connection post, and the threaded connection post is adapted to the threaded connection sleeve.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the threaded connection post and the threaded connection sleeve are convenient for installation and disassembly, thus facilitating the installation and disassembly of the rotary positioning member, that is, facilitating adjustment according to the inner wall condition of the brittle material capillary, so as to ensure that the overall opening degree of the brush plate can be adjusted according to the actual situation, increasing the overall flexibility.

[0019] Furthermore, on one side of the rotary positioning member close to the threaded connection sleeve, there is a fixed connection with a limiting sleeve, and the limiting sleeve is located outside the threaded connection post. On the outer side of the movable block, there is a fixed connection with a docking rod. On the side of the docking rod away from the movable block, there is a fixed connection with the brush plate. The brush plate, the docking rod, and the movable block are annularly and equally spaced in three groups with respect to the center line of the positioning plug post.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the limiting sleeve can cooperate with the rotary positioning member to position the movable block, ensuring good stability of the brush plate after the rotary positioning member is inserted, thus facilitating full cleaning of the inside of the brittle material capillary.

[0021] Furthermore, on the outer side wall of the positioning plug post, there is a limiting groove for the movement of the docking rod, and the limiting groove is adapted to the shape and size of the docking rod. The movable block has a right-angled triangle structure. When the movable block is in mutual contact with the threaded connection post, the side of the movable block away from the threaded connection post is in mutual contact with the inner side of the limiting sleeve.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, after the movable block with a right-angled triangle structure is inserted into the rotary positioning member, one end of the movable block fits with the inner side of the limit sleeve, and the other end fits and abuts against the rotary positioning member, so as to ensure that different rotary positioning members can form brush plates in different states, thus facilitating the full cleaning of capillary tubes of hard and brittle materials with different inner diameters.

[0023] Furthermore, an adjusting cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer side of the fixed frame body. The movable end of the adjusting cylinder passes through the outer side of the fixed frame body and extends to the inner side of the fixed frame body. The movable end of the adjusting cylinder is fixedly connected with an outer wall cleaning brush. Four groups of the adjusting cylinders are annularly and equidistantly distributed with respect to the center line of the fixed frame body.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the installation spring can drive the spring snap button to be fully engaged with the positioning card hole, thus facilitating the replacement of the polishing mechanism and increasing the overall flexibility.

[0025] Furthermore, a plug-in block is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation column close to the installation frame. A spring snap button is movably connected inside the plug-in block. A plug-in slot adapted to the plug-in block is opened inside the installation frame. A positioning card hole communicating with the plug-in slot is opened on the outer wall of the installation frame. The positioning card hole is adapted to the spring snap button.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the installation spring can drive the spring snap button to be fully engaged with the positioning card hole, thus facilitating the replacement of the polishing mechanism and increasing the overall flexibility.

[0027] Furthermore, an installation groove for the spring snap button to move is opened inside the plug-in block. An installation spring is fixedly connected inside the installation groove. One side of the installation spring away from the installation groove is fixedly connected with the spring snap button. The installation column overlaps with the horizontal center line of the movable fixture. The spring snap button and the positioning card hole are correspondingly distributed.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the movable fixture can drive the capillary tube to move, ensuring a good overall moving polishing effect, and facilitating the full polishing of the inner and outer walls of the capillary tube, increasing the overall polishing effect.

[0029] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. The present invention drives the rotatable installation sleeve to move fully through the moving adjustment mechanism, ensuring that the whole can move and rotate fully during the polishing process, increasing the overall moving polishing effect, and polishing the inner and outer walls at the same time, achieving the effect of full polishing;

[0031] 2. The present invention uses an inner wall cleaning brush and an outer wall cleaning brush to fully polish the inner and outer walls of the capillary tube, enhancing the overall polishing effect. Moreover, the polishing of the inner and outer walls is carried out simultaneously, improving the overall polishing efficiency and achieving the effect of high-efficiency polishing.

[0032] 3. The present invention drives the outer wall cleaning brush to fully fit and polish the outer wall of the capillary tube through an adjusting cylinder, and the polishing mechanism is convenient for installation and disassembly. Thus, it is convenient to adjust the polishing according to different capillary tubes as a whole, achieving the effect of adjusting and polishing capillary tubes of multiple specifications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the moving adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the rotating mechanism of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 is a disassembled structure diagram of the polishing mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 is a side structure diagram of the polishing mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 is a disassembled structure diagram of the spring snap button of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 is a disassembled structure diagram of the inner wall cleaning brush assembly of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 is an internal structure diagram of the inner wall cleaning brush assembly of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure, 1. Workbench; 2. Moving fixture; 3. Moving adjustment mechanism; 4. Fixed plate; 5. Installation sleeve; 6. Rotating mechanism; 7. Fixed screw; 8. Installation column; 9. Polishing mechanism; 31. Driving motor; 32. Screw rod body; 33. Screw rod slider; 61. Rotating motor; 62. Driving wheel; 63. Belt; 64. Driven wheel; 71. Protective pad; 81. Insertion block; 82. Spring snap button; 83. Installation groove; 84. Installation spring; 91. Installation frame; 92. Inner wall cleaning brush assembly; 93. Fixed frame body; 94. Adjusting cylinder; 95. Outer wall cleaning brush; 96. Insertion slot; 97. Positioning card hole; 9201. Positioning insertion post; 9202. Movable block; 9203. Brush plate; 9204. Rotary positioning member; 9205. Threaded connection sleeve; 9206. Threaded connection post; 9207. Limiting sleeve; 9208. Docking rod; 9209. Limiting groove. Detailed implementation mode

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Refer to Figure 1 , an apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials, comprising a workbench 1. A moving fixture 2 is movably connected to the upper end of the workbench 1. A moving adjustment mechanism 3 for driving the moving fixture 2 is provided between the moving fixture 2 and the workbench 1. A fixing plate 4 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving fixture 2. An installation sleeve 5 is rotatably connected inside the fixing plate 4. A rotating mechanism 6 for driving the installation sleeve 5 to rotate is provided at the upper end of the moving fixture 2. A fixing screw 7 is threadedly connected to the side wall of the installation sleeve 5. An installation column 8 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the workbench 1. One end of the installation column 8 is detachably connected with a polishing mechanism 9 for polishing the inner and outer cavities of the capillary tube. The inner and outer cavities of the capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials are fully polished by the polishing mechanism 9 to ensure a good overall polishing effect.

[0044] Refer to Figure 2 , the moving adjustment mechanism 3 internally includes a driving motor 31 fixed to the side wall of the workbench 1. The output end of the driving motor 31 passes through the side wall of the workbench 1 and extends into the interior of the workbench 1. The output end of the driving motor 31 is fixedly connected with a lead screw body 32. A lead screw slider 33 adapted to the lead screw body 32 is movably connected to the outside of the lead screw body 32. The upper end of the lead screw slider 33 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the moving fixture 2. During the rotation of the lead screw body 32, the lead screw slider 33 is driven to move, so as to ensure that the whole can move horizontally and repeatedly during the polishing process, increasing the overall polishing effect. The installation sleeve 5 is a hollow cylindrical structure with a closed bottom end. There are two groups of fixing screws 7 symmetrically distributed about the center line of the installation sleeve 5. A protective pad 71 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixing screw 7. The protective pad 71 can reduce the damage of the whole to the capillary tube and ensure good installation stability of the capillary tube.

[0045] Refer to Figure 3 , the rotating mechanism 6 internally includes a rotating motor 61 fixed to the upper end of the moving fixture 2. The output end of the rotating motor 61 is fixedly connected with a driving wheel 62. A belt 63 is movably connected to the outside of the driving wheel 62. A driven wheel 64 is fixedly connected to the outside of the installation sleeve 5. The driven wheel 64 is movably connected with the belt 63. The driving wheel 62 is movably connected with the driven wheel 64 through the belt 63. The driving wheel 62 and the driven wheel 64 have the same specifications, so as to facilitate the rotating motor 61 to drive the installation sleeve 5 to rotate inside the fixing plate 4 and ensure a good overall rotating polishing effect.

[0046] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5, the polishing mechanism 9 internally includes an installation frame 91. On one side of the installation frame 91 close to the moving fixture 2, an inner wall cleaning brush assembly 92 is fixedly connected. On one side of the installation frame 91 close to the moving fixture 2, a fixed frame 93 is fixedly connected. The fixed frame 93 is located outside the inner wall cleaning brush assembly 92. The inner wall cleaning brush assembly 92 is adapted to the shape and size of the inner wall of the capillary tube and can be replaced, so as to facilitate the overall adjustment according to the situation of the capillary tube. On the outside of the fixed frame 93, an adjusting cylinder 94 is fixedly connected. The movable end of the adjusting cylinder 94 passes through the outside of the fixed frame 93 and extends to the inside of the fixed frame 93. The movable end of the adjusting cylinder 94 is fixedly connected with an outer wall cleaning brush 95. The adjusting cylinder 94 can drive the outer wall cleaning brush 95 to fit the capillary tube to ensure a good fitting and polishing effect. There are four groups of adjusting cylinders 94 evenly distributed at equal intervals in a ring around the center line of the fixed frame 93. The four groups of adjusting cylinders 94 evenly distributed at equal intervals in a ring around the center line of the fixed frame 93 can fit and polish the outer wall cleaning brush 95 with the outer surface of the capillary tube, increasing the overall polishing effect.

[0047] Refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8, inside the inner wall cleaning brush assembly 92, there is a positioning insertion post 9201 with a hollow interior. An activity block 9202 is movably connected inside the positioning insertion post 9201. A brush plate 9203 is fixedly connected to the outside of the activity block 9202. A rotary positioning member 9204 for positioning the activity block 9202 is detachably connected inside the positioning insertion post 9201. A threaded connection sleeve 9205 is fixedly connected to the bottom end inside the positioning insertion post 9201. A threaded connection post 9206 is fixedly connected to one side of the rotary positioning member 9204 close to the threaded connection sleeve 9205. The threaded connection post 9206 is adapted to the threaded connection sleeve 9205. The threaded connection post 9206 and the threaded connection sleeve 9205 are convenient for docking, thus facilitating the installation of the rotary positioning member 9204. During the installation of the rotary positioning member 9204, the activity block 9202 is fully abutted, thereby fixing the brush plate 9203 and ensuring a good rotary cleaning effect of the brush plate 9203. A limit sleeve 9207 is fixedly connected to one side of the rotary positioning member 9204 close to the threaded connection sleeve 9205. The limit sleeve 9207 is located outside the threaded connection post 9206. A docking rod 9208 is fixedly connected to the outside of the activity block 9202. One side of the docking rod 9208 away from the activity block 9202 is fixedly connected to the brush plate 9203. The brush plate 9203, the docking rod 9208 and the activity block 9202 are annularly and equally spaced in three groups corresponding to the center line of the positioning insertion post 9201. The brush plate 9203, the docking rod 9208 and the activity block 9202 annularly and equally spaced in three groups about the center line of the positioning insertion post 9201 can form a circular cleaning brush with each other, increasing the overall rotary cleaning effect. A limit groove 9209 for the activity of the docking rod 9208 is provided on the outer wall of the positioning insertion post 9201. The limit groove 9209 is adapted to the shape and size of the docking rod 9208. The activity block 9202 is of a right triangle structure. When the activity block 9202 is in mutual contact with the threaded connection post 9206, the side of the activity block 9202 away from the threaded connection post 9206 is in mutual contact with the inner side of the limit sleeve 9207. The rotary positioning member 9204 and the limit sleeve 9207 can fully abut the activity block 9202. At the same time, the rotary positioning member 9204 is convenient for disassembly and replacement, thus facilitating the adjustment of the opening degree of the three groups of brush plates 9203 and increasing the overall flexibility.

[0048] Refer to Figure 6A plug-in block 81 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting column 8 close to the mounting frame 91, and a spring button 82 is movably connected inside the plug-in block 81. A plug-in slot 96 adapted to the plug-in block 81 is provided inside the mounting frame 91, and a positioning card hole 97 interconnected with the plug-in slot 96 is provided on the outer wall of the mounting frame 91. The positioning card hole 97 is adapted to the spring button 82, and the spring button 82 can be fully engaged with the positioning card hole 97, so that the mounting frame 91 can be installed and disassembled conveniently, so as to facilitate the replacement of the inner wall cleaning brush assembly 92, thereby increasing the overall Flexibility: an installation groove 83 is opened inside the plug-in block 81 for the spring button 82 to move, and an installation spring 84 is fixedly connected inside the installation groove 83. The side of the installation spring 84 away from the installation groove 83 is fixedly connected to the spring button 82. The installation spring 84 can drive the spring button 82 to fully engage with the positioning hole 97, which is convenient for installing and disassembling the inner wall cleaning brush assembly 92 and the outer wall cleaning brush 95. The installation column 8 overlaps with the horizontal center line of the movable fixture 2, and the spring button 82 and the positioning hole 97 are distributed correspondingly to ensure an overall good installation effect.

[0049] Working principle: first, insert the capillary into the mounting sleeve 5, and at the same time, drive the protective pad 71 to be fastened to the outer wall of the capillary through the fixing screw 7 to position the capillary, and at the same time, use four groups of adjusting cylinders 94 distributed in a circular shape with equal spacing about the center line of the fixed frame 93 to drive the outer wall cleaning brush 95 to fit the outer wall of the capillary, and at the same time, the threaded connection column 9206 and the threaded connection sleeve 9205 are docked, so as to facilitate the installation of the rotating positioning member 9204, and during the installation of the rotating positioning member 9204, the movable block 9202 is The brush plate 9203 is sufficiently interfered with by the rotating positioning piece 9204 and the limiting sleeve 9207, thereby fixing the brush plate 9203, ensuring a good rotation cleaning effect of the brush plate 9203. During the overall polishing process, the rotating motor 61 drives the driving wheel 62 to rotate, and during the rotation of the driving wheel 62, the driven wheel 64 is driven to rotate through the belt 63. At the same time, the driving motor 31 drives the screw body 32 to rotate, and during the rotation of the screw body 32, the screw slider 33 is driven to move laterally, thereby completing the sufficient polishing of the inner and outer walls of the capillary.

[0050] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials, comprising a workbench (1), characterized in that: A moving fixture (2) is movably connected to the upper end of the workbench (1). A moving adjustment mechanism (3) for driving the moving fixture (2) is arranged between the moving fixture (2) and the workbench (1). A fixing plate (4) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving fixture (2). An installation sleeve (5) is rotatably connected inside the fixing plate (4). A rotating mechanism (6) for driving the installation sleeve (5) to rotate is arranged at the upper end of the moving fixture (2). A fixing screw (7) is threadedly connected to the side wall of the installation sleeve (5). An installation column (8) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the workbench (1). One end of the installation column (8) is detachably connected to a polishing mechanism (9) for polishing the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube.

2. The device for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary of a brittle material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving adjustment mechanism (3) internally includes a driving motor (31) fixed to the side wall of the workbench (1). The output end of the driving motor (31) passes through the side wall of the workbench (1) and extends into the interior of the workbench (1). A lead screw body (32) is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving motor (31). A lead screw slider (33) adapted to the lead screw body (32) is movably connected to the outside of the lead screw body (32). The upper end of the lead screw slider (33) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the moving fixture (2).

3. The device for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials according to claim 2, wherein: The rotating mechanism (6) internally includes a rotating motor (61) fixed to the upper end of the moving fixture (2). A driving wheel (62) is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating motor (61). A belt (63) is movably connected to the outside of the driving wheel (62). A driven wheel (64) is fixedly connected to the outside of the installation sleeve (5). The driven wheel (64) is movably connected to the belt (63). The driving wheel (62) is movably connected to the driven wheel (64) through the belt (63).

4. An apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of capillaries made of brittle materials according to claim 3, wherein: The installation sleeve (5) is a hollow cylindrical structure with a closed bottom end. Two groups of fixing screws (7) are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center line of the installation sleeve (5). A protective pad (71) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixing screw (7).

5. An apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polishing mechanism (9) internally includes an installation frame (91). An inner wall cleaning brush assembly (92) for inner wall cleaning is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation frame (91) close to the moving fixture (2). A fixing frame body (93) is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation frame (91) close to the moving fixture (2). The fixing frame body (93) is located outside the inner wall cleaning brush assembly (92).

6. The device for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall cleaning brush assembly (92) internally includes a positioning plug post (9201) with a hollow interior. An activity block (9202) is movably connected inside the positioning plug post (9201). A brush plate (9203) is fixedly connected to the outside of the activity block (9202). A rotary positioning member (9204) for positioning the activity block (9202) is detachably connected inside the positioning plug post (9201). A threaded connection sleeve (9205) is fixedly connected to the bottom end inside the positioning plug post (9201). A threaded connection post (9206) is fixedly connected to one side of the rotary positioning member (9204) close to the threaded connection sleeve (9205). The threaded connection post (9206) is adapted to the threaded connection sleeve (9205).

7. An apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: A limit sleeve (9207) is fixedly connected to one side of the rotary positioning member (9204) close to the threaded connection sleeve (9205). The limit sleeve (9207) is located outside the threaded connection post (9206). A docking rod (9208) is fixedly connected to the outside of the activity block (9202). One side of the docking rod (9208) away from the activity block (9202) is fixedly connected to the brush plate (9203). The brush plate (9203), the docking rod (9208), and the activity block (9202) are correspondingly distributed in three groups at equal intervals in a circular shape with respect to the center line of the positioning plug post (9201). A limit groove (9209) for the activity of the docking rod (9208) is formed on the outer wall of the positioning plug post (9201). The limit groove (9209) is adapted to the shape and size of the docking rod (9208). The activity block (9202) has a right triangle structure. When the activity block (9202) is in mutual contact with the threaded connection post (9206), the side of the activity block (9202) away from the threaded connection post (9206) is in mutual contact with the inner side of the limit sleeve (9207).

8. An apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube made of hard and brittle materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: An adjusting air cylinder (94) is fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed frame body (93). The movable end of the adjusting air cylinder (94) passes through the outside of the fixed frame body (93) and extends to the inside of the fixed frame body (93). An outer wall cleaning brush (95) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the adjusting air cylinder (94). Four groups of the adjusting air cylinders (94) are distributed at equal intervals in a circular shape with respect to the center line of the fixed frame body (93).

9. An apparatus for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary of a brittle material according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plug-in block (81) is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting post (8) close to the mounting frame (91). A spring snap button (82) is movably connected inside the plug-in block (81). A plug-in slot (96) adapted to the plug-in block (81) is formed inside the mounting frame (91). A positioning card hole (97) communicating with the plug-in slot (96) is formed on the outer wall of the mounting frame (91). The positioning card hole (97) is adapted to the spring snap button (82).

10. The device for precision polishing of the inner and outer cavities of a capillary tube of a brittle material according to claim 9, characterized in that: The insertion block (81) is internally provided with an installation groove (83) for the spring button (82) to move. An installation spring (84) is fixedly connected inside the installation groove (83). One side of the installation spring (84) away from the installation groove (83) is fixedly connected to the spring button (82). The installation column (8) coincides with the horizontal center line of the moving fixture (2). The spring button (82) and the positioning card hole (97) are correspondingly distributed.

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